Hi | " —— Acti —* . — | Scene 2 a Scene 3 ” ‘Act 1 =—e a Scone 2 ” Scone 3 «! c2 ee Scene ¢ oe ee Scene 6 “ Scene = eT Scene 9 = - a.“ Scene 1 had Scene 2 “ ‘Scene 3 4 Scene 7” cos (+: ctv =— = (aD ‘Scene 2 ing ane 103 — 0 Scene 1 108 ACT I Scene 1 CONTEXT QUESTIONS Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: 1 ( Where are Antonio and his friends? What does Antonio say about his sadness? Antonio and his friends are in a street ty Venice. Antonio says that his +! sadness makes hin depresees! bral dull. He further says thatshd is yet to learn about gin an et he sos 8) Give the meaning of (@) That 1 have much ado to how myeelf: That 1 have much difficulty ia - recognising myselt (8) What reason does Salarino give a5 the probable cause of Antonios ‘melancholy? Salarino telly Antonio Ut he is sad because his mind is presicapied with i ships filled with corga, which ere'out a sea (iv) State in your own words the scene on the ocean as described by Salarina, when Antonio's ships were sailing, ‘Salatino compares Antonio's ships sailing on the waves with the great lords and wealthy citizens, who look down on lesser men as they walk crete along the street. He says that compared to smaller ships. Antonio's ships | s move swiftly on the sea with their canvas sails and look like grand spectades or pageants of the sea. (¥) The play begins in an atmosphere of melancholy. Why do you think” that Antonio is presented as a melancholic and passive character? Antonio is presented as « melancholic and passive character mainly for - three reasons, Firstly, by portraying Antonio as a whimsical person,——_ a ‘THE MERCHANT OF VENICE - HANDBOOK 6 signing the bond-agreement. Secondly, Antonio's melancholy creates & tragic atmosphere suitable for the play. Thirdly, Antonio's melancholy creates a sense of mystery for the audience. to the course of his ships or not, Further, he would look into maps for ‘examples from the opening scene to shiow how some objects remind Salarino of the danger to the ships. Every thought of Salanio would make him (earful of danger to. his business ventures. Two examples which reminded Salarino of the danger to his ships were: (a) While cooling bis soup by blowing, on it, reminded him af the stormy vinds at sea causing terrible damages t this ships. (b) The sandy hourglass reminded him of the richly laden vessels wracked on the sandy shore, (b) Peering im maps for ports, and piers, and roads. Looking into maps for harbours, channels and even open road-steads (9) fm spite of the danger to his sips, why & Antonio not worried about his ‘security? Despite danger to his ships, Antonio is not worried about his financial ton any Sm any single location or commercial transactions of the current Yeu ACT 1 Scene 1 (») What light does the opening scene thaow on the danger that the sea could pose to ships? The opening scene describes the possible dangers that the sea could pose to ships such as strong winds, dangerous shallow waters, sand ‘banks and dangerous rocks. {i} Where does this scene take place? Name the people who are present there. In what mood is Salarino in this scene? This scene takes place in a street of Venice. Antonio, Salaring and Salanio ave present in the scene. Salarino is in a talkative.mood and wants to inow the reason for Antonio's melancholy. He says that he too would be feeling melancholic if his ships were sailing on the nea What would the wind cooling the broth remind Salarino of? Jt woud remind Salarino of the stormy winds at sea and of the terrible ‘damages they might cause to the ships. Wealthy Andrew refers to 2 Spanish ship called Andrea captured by the British sailors in 1596. It ran aground when it was being brought (iv) What is the ‘sandy hour-glaes'? What would it remind Salarino of? ‘Sandy hour-glass is an apparatus used to indicate time. It would remind Salarino of the dangers from hidden banks of sand at sea, on wihch a ship may run aground. (v) What is referred to as “wealthy Andrew’? Why is it so referred? ‘Salarino refers to his tichiy laden ship as wealthy Andrew. It is so referred because Salarino feels that like the Spanish ship Andrea captured. by the British in 1596, his ship too is majestic and rich with cargo.made of stone. This scene would make him think of the perilous rocks and profound gravity. If he laughed, it meant the joke was the cea and Imagine that a collision of his ship with these rocks would ipernity. be sufficient to break his vessel into pieces and scatter on the sea all come the : meaning of: her spices and silks. (2) And other of such vinegar aspect ‘The second type of people grave and serious, () Who has just said that Antonio veas in love? What was the reaction of = bared vitae Antonia to that remark (&) Though Nestor sear the jst be langhable, ‘Salarino has just said that Antonio was in love. Angodio.calls the reenark: ‘Spon If the wien and gpeve Nestor certtly the joien-ou: Suey. ‘as nonsense and completely denies that he is ip Tove (vi) Why are 9 class of people compared to parrots? (i) Antonio says that he'is not sad because of love. What explanation does A cass of people are compared to pasrots because they laugh even Salatino give in the extract for Antonio's sadness? «@ beg-piper as foolishly as a parrot laughs at anything. Satarina concludes that Antonio is sad because he is not happy. He )Who comes at the end of Salarino's speech? Why does Salarino leave remarks that there are some curious ceeatures in the world. He swears then? bby Janus, the two-headed Roman God that some people have merry At the end oF Salarino's speech, Bassanio, Gratiano and Lorenzo come. - natures and are continuously laughing whether Che things they sce Salacino leaves Antonio then because Antonio's friends, Bassanio, Gratiano are subject for mirth or not. Again there are others with the sonnet and Lorcnzo have come to give him company. countenance who will not laugh at any thing though the gravest old ‘warrior Nestor himself confirms the joke as most amusing, san fia oy ante emg mach kechaenar Wa nee vo eas peace mee cae abe te extract? atin gives the example of warm ood young man who repress he Janus i a Roman god usually depicted with two heads looking in pints and forces himseli to stillness till he looks like the marble image ‘opposite dinections — one frowning and the other «miling. He had Ne grndlother, He does ote advoe Aran otio tema merch received from god Satum. the gift to see both the past and the fanure. ‘He i likely to be infected with jaundice due to his bad temper. He is referred to in the extract to show that there are two types of Give the meaning of: people — one happy and the other sad. ‘Do cream and mantle like a standing pond: Gv) Describe in your wn words the two types of strange fellows who have an mndanseaeie framed Some men overcast thele Eanes with a pale expression 0 unchanging tom ae fs the cream that forms on the muriace of milk and as the scum that Nature has two types of people. The first type of people have happy forms on the surface of a stagnant pool natures and often laugh ever: if the subject of laughter is too trivial. The 10) oo elf! snes entereatc second type of people are those with serious and grave faces, who do ‘fot laugh even ot te most acnwing jobes. maintain an obstinate stlence nat to disturts the solemnity of theireee Act 1 Seene (>) Span muon wo ming sn tne ele wun ww hw te Jason was a Grek hero, who was sent by Petia. his uncle who hed Some om soon palsies Sain nalings << yemmenat eee ca tr dosent och te ee thats toms Colds, tn Cech mythology, golden fleece is referred fo as the fleece of the winged ram (») In the opening scene, the theme of romance and love is introduced, Cheysomallos. It was kept at an oak tree in a grove sacred to god Ares How is this scene linked to the Bond story? ‘and guarded by a dragon ist Colchos. Bassanio compares Portis to the In the opening scene, Bassanio comes to Antonio to borrow money 80 ‘golden fleece and himself in his quest for Portia, to Jason on his voyage that he can go to Belmont to win his lady love. But Antonio confesses to fetch the golden fleece. He refers to other suitors as Jasons. that he has no ready cash and instructs Bassanio to borrow money from (v) Describe briefly the first impression the audience have of Portia tn the 2 merchant against his security or name. Thus, Shakespeare links the aig omen, first scene to the Bond story which involves the loan from Shylock. Bassanio’s description of Portia in the opening scone reveals that she is (vi) Compare briefly the charaiter of Antonio with that of Baksanio in the 8 paragot among women She is rich and beautiful with golden hair. Opening scene. sau a wonderin quaien ond vies we Antonio is introduced in the scene as a rich merchant having many suitors over way shipping ventures at sea. He 1s in a state of melancholy and not interested: ee eager snk ooo oaee ae oa ee Send et cutee erento ‘his character, Compared to Antonio, Bassanio is shown as a spendthrift Joona peloca vba teeta te of kosry beyond he ome, He seems (Why is Antonio unable to help Bassanio at once? luke undue advantage of Antonio's generosity. Unlike Antonio, he is a Amonio te snabiew hal Saasnto ot cwoe snes he has no ey tn Socioas say unc toon wo aeney Porte 2 inane pest poe egie Gc tat uaaceos Sevens om to in boteon ) cto sui: a. procera’: Wow ouch won tite sun? Whos meeichusaeay ‘Tas mun was thee thous dca Rw reeled angolensis ACT I Scene 2 Tene ete ta tole = wermmnee (iil) What does Antonio instruct Bassanio to do in this regard? CONTEXT Qu sale ister Banned wd ont enchant wa taal wg him money against his name. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: Cave ee martog (a) That shall be rack. c60 tothe wtermast 6 Wat has Forint sad response No which Nest speaks these credit shall The bbe stretched to the utmost limit. Antonio says that Portia has just said that she can neither choose the one she likes nor hhe is ready to stretch the credit as far as to equipy Bassanio to go to, to on the lottery of caskets devised according to her late father's will. wow14 1s MERCHANT OF VENICE ~ HANDBOOK (i) Describe the lottery referred to in the extract. ‘The lottery refers to the cholee of the right casket containing Portia’s portrait from among the three caskets of gold. silver and lead. The | suitor who will make the right choice as per the will of Portia’s father | Urn dw can ata hse or ae ie norte hoe ‘shall rightly love ‘These lines mean that Portia will be chosen correctly by « person whom she truly loves. () Portia is melancholic in the beginning of the scene as it was the case (i) Where are Portia and Nerissa? What are they generally discussing about? tn what mood is Portia tn the wcene? ACT I Scone 2 Portia and Nerissa are in « room in Portia’s house at Belmont: They are discussing the lottery of cashets and about the suitors who have already come to try their luck. In this sowne, Portia ts inv a mood of melancholy and enaiety. Gi), Who is the County Palatine? Why has he come to Belmont? (Counly Pins wns tn Cont 2s Paani, tn sagt on ts soon bank of the Rhine in Germany. He was a powerful lord who came to Belmont to win Portia’s hand. (7) Wn tn the Sa pen herb Mente What au oie ny sout ‘he Set: prince Mette oy Retin ta the Ntepetitan prince trom Néple iyPon dare hin m+ dashing youngster and as wild a= 2 young horse, He does nothing but talks of his horse, He further considers his ability to shoe a horse himself as a’great accomplishment. srept ot everything in the world, Portia refers to him 1 describe Cownty Palatine. She feels that since County Palatine is unusually gloomy in his young age, he will become a sad philosopher Wke Heraclitus when he grows ld. (©) a death’s-head swith a bone in his mouth “a skull with 9 bone in its mouth’. The emblem of a skull vith two bones crossed underneath was usually known as “death's head” (oi) Give a charactersketch of the County Palatine. ‘pay becom 8 tad philosopher ike Heraclitus wi when he grows old.TD a ‘THE MERCHANT OF VENICE ~ HANDBOOK AGT 1 Scone 2 a (1) What has Portia said earlier about Neapolitan prince and his horse? (®)_ How is the young baron’s external appearance described in the passage? Which characteristic is common between Monsieur Le Bon and the ‘What light does it throw on the national pattern of clothes of Englishmen? ‘Count Palatine? ‘The baron’s external appearance is described as odd and strange. He is. Earlier Portia described the Neapolitan prince as wild as a young horse oddly dressed and very odd in behaviour too. He wears an Italian jacket and so attached to his horse that he always spoke about the horse only and breeches in the French fashion. He seems to have got his hat from ‘The Count Palatine and Le Ban share the common characteristic of Germany and his manners from everywhere. Englishmen of Shakespeare's frowning days had fondness for the manners and clothes of foreigners. Gi). Give the meaning of: (Hi) What shows that the English lord has poor knowledge of the European (2) he is every man in mo man: Hie hao every mente ‘g characteristics but no languages? Why does Portia find it difficult to interact with him? personality tf hie even. : Portia's statement that the Englishman did not know Latin, French or (b) he alts straight a-capering: He starts to jump about. Monsieur Le Bon is Italian shows that he had very poor knowledge of Buropean Languages. 80 fickle-minded that if hears a thrush sing, he starts te purnp about. Portia found it difficult to converse with him as he did not know Latin, au) How does the French iord react to the singing of « Usush? tench or Italian and ‘Portia’s knowledge of English avis very poor, When he hears the singing of 4 thrush, the French Lord starte jumping i: Grete meleg vb immediately. (2) He is « proper man's picture: He is handsome and fine-looking. (iv) What would happen. (b) How oddly he is suited!: He is dressed very strangely (a) if Portio were io marry the Count? (iv) What is enterredt to an ‘a dumb show’? Why ta the arin aid to be # Tt would be as if she were married to ty rwenty husbands as he is “dumb-show ? never one man but twenty men by turns: ‘The word dumb-show refers to a play in which all characters act without (©) if he were to despise Portia? speaking. that is by gestures. A pantomime is a dumb-show. Mere means thet the Englishman is uruble to speak foreign lany and not be in the least ign languages the wars desert Pte ret ey See ere ate = i ork enter Gf he wove 10 fren Berto pesionately? Give a brief description of the Scottish Lord, Fortia could never: sveuirs hie love since. ehe Gould ever possiity ‘The Scottish Lord is not impressive. Pottia speaks about his cowardice love twenty husbands, (0) Gtve any thoes wegative qualities of the French lord, we devribed by Portia says that the French Lord is more attached te his horse than the ‘Nespolitan Prince and excels Count Palatine in frowning. If he bears a ‘The description of the Sottish Lord is a reference to the frequent alliances thrush singing. he starts jumping immediately Further. ( he does not between the Scots and the Prench against England when Scotland was have anybody to fence with. he will take his own shadow as adversary at war with England,18 THE MERCHANT OF VENICE - HANDBOOK 5 (@ How does the young German behave when he is sober and when he is drunk? If the wore happens to Portia which would compel her to marty him, what would she do? When sober, the young German is less than a man in behaviour and ‘when drunk he is no better than a beast. If the worse happens to Portia. she will manage to do without him. (i) Give the meaning of (0) when he is worst, he is little better than a beast. When he is drunk, he is no better than a beast. (D) set « déep glass of Rhenish wine on the contrary casket Place a tall goblet of Rhenish wine on the wrong casket (iil) What plan does Portia make to prevent the young German from choosing the right casket? young German from choosing the right casket Portia the temptation of his national drink eyen if the picture of the devil himself was within. (iv) Why ie the young German referred to as ‘a sponge’? A sponge constantly absorbs water. Similarly. a drunkard, who constantly lied # ‘sponge’. Since the young German is a drunkard, (Ge caekons Ganib oat adn acd by may woo foe im esr occomcy Wy 6 () What was Portia’s fathor's will as far as Portia’s marriage was concerned? Portia’s father's will was that her marriage will be decided by the lottery of the three caskets. The suitor, who chooses the right casket containing Portia’s picture will be her husband. > crc 0 ACT I Scene 2 9 Gi) Whois Sibylia and who is Diana? Why are they referred to in the context? In Ovid's metamorphoses, Sibyl was a prophetess: She was granted wish by goddess Apollo that she would live for as many years as the grains of sand she held in her hand. She was the ageless old woman. Diana was the goddess of moon and hunting. She is known as the virgin goddess. They are referred to here to explain Portia’s resolve to remain 4 virgin like Diana even if she lives to be as old as Sibyl of Cumae unless she is won in marriage by some suitor in the lottery of caskets (i) What does Nerissa say to introduce Bassanio? What were the feelings of Portia for Bassanio in this scene? Tointroduce Bassani, Nesisa recalls the visit ofa young Venetian along Praise. Her simple reply shows t (iv) In what sense can we say that the opening, of the first two scenes of Act I give the plots of the play? The opening of the first two scenes of Act I gives the plots of the play. (v) Name the six suitors given in this scene. Give two characteristics of each suitor described by Portia. The six suitors given in this scene are: () The Neapolitan Prince from Naples, Italy, was a dashing youngster, a6 wild asa horse, He always talked about his horse. (W The County Palatine was always frowning and unusually gloomy. (il) Monsieur Le Bon from Prance, had the characteristic of every man and had no personality of his own. (iv) Mr. Falconbridge from England, though handsome was strangely and unmannerly dressed and did not know Latin, French or Italian. (9) The Scottish Lord, was a coward and did not repay the Englishman who gave him a blow drunkard. He in his sober moments shen drunk no better than a beast—_———— a THE MERCHANT OF VENICE — HANDBOOK ACT I Scene 3 CONTEXT QUESTIONS ad the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: } Give the conditions to which Antonio is bound. How wise was Antonio to bind himself to such conditions? Antonio is bound to @ Hon according to which if he fails to repay the senrant ts due tan, Shylock wil be ented wo tke an exact pound of flenh from any part of (Antonio’s body that he may wish. It was very’ unwise of Antonio to misudge Shylock’s intentions and sign such a fatal bond. | Give the meaning of May you stead me? will you pleasure me? Can you help me and wi a ro dt favourt & good man. What does Shylock mean When Shylock says the above words, he means that Antonio is a reliable pacers sufficient to give a loan. | Fnumerate the possible threats to Antonio's business ventures as stated Op aiyhnek ober the ahora comes on the weters; and there are all the dangers of the ocean from the gales, tempests and dangerous rocks. | How can it be proved that Antonio is a prudent businessman but he is ‘overconfident? Antonio can be considered as 2 prudent businessman as his wealth is distributed over the whole world. One of Antonio's ship is on its ACT I Scene 3 a. pe hase ON journey to Tripolis, another is bound for the Indies, a third is voyaging, to Mexico, fourth to England and others to various other distant places. He is so overconfident of his riches that he agrees to an unreasonable and dangerous bond. What is meant by “s fawning publican’? Give three reasons why Shylock hates Antonio. Publicans were tax collectors for the Romans and were generally ral Antononio because he is # Christian, lends money without fnterest and hurls abuses on him. Gave the meaning of: (2) low simplicity: childiah foolishness The above words mean that if Shylock could get hold of Antonio at a isadvantage or in'a weak spot, he will satisty fully the long-standing hhateed he has against hien (iv) What old grudge does Shylock have against Antonio? He even spat on Shylock Kicked him and called him a cutthroat dow” ‘What does the “sacred nation’ refer to? What insults has Antonio heaped upon Shylock? “The Sacred Nation’ is a reference to the holy Jewish race. Antonio insults: ‘Shylock for his business deals and for earning profit by lending money con interesti... 22 THE MERCHANT OF VENICE - HANDBOOK How does the What does (ot haw done Rack Hn 0 wu 8 maney lmnocetely? light guided and governed the event. It was not a matter in the hands of Biylocs plane to, ent enny tmanedlatty trom» weskiytelowsiee shows that Shylock wants to execute the bond as soon as posite and ton tha Ghee So tale We revenge cov Antonia (0) What is meant by ‘shall we be beholding to you'? What is Rialto? . “Shall we De Beholding to you — this statement was made by Antonio () What topic is referred to in the extract? Who were Jacob and Abraham? fants to say to Shylock, “Are you going to lend us money?” Rialto was the Venetian Stock Exchange where the merchants met for ‘The topic referred to in the extract is lending money for interest. Jacob ‘was the second son of Issac who became the third successor to Abraham. Se tmasaction Ct busin, Abraham was the founder of the Hebrew nation and Jacobs’ grandfather (1) Give some examples to show tht Shylock was ilteated by Antonia Wwe the story of Jacob who got His share as his payment from Laban. aw dict Shylock reset to Antonio's inpults? : Shylock speaks of his ilktreatment at the hands of Antonio, He says that Laban was Jacob's Jacob and, Laban enteved into an agreement Merja whtga cohen Sonus wighs er teenie ich were team eth Antonio hed spat upon his Jewish rae in contempt and called him an om wane bom unbeliever and a cur. He had also spat’upon his beard. On another day spots or stripes. During the breeding season, arranged a he had pushed him aside with his foot as if he were a str fods in such a way that the shadows of the rods should fall on the ons es a stray dog being sheep. Consequently, most of the lambs were born spotted or stripped. sted ‘house. Shylock reacted to Antonio's insults patiently, and thus, they became Jacob's property. (ai) Why did Shylock bear Antonio's insults patiently? (iii) What is the difference between taking interest and receiving payment Shylock bore Antonio's insults patiently since, as a shrewd Jew, he was for one’s labour? ‘waiting for an opportune time to take revenge on Antonio. Earlier, in foliage witha given 20 the scene Shylock admits that patience is the badge of his race Ioan or specie period. Kecsiving payment fr one's ahowr moene (i) Give the causes, financial and racial, for Shylock’s hatred for Antonio. take remuneration for one's service rendered. This is legitimate while hing buarest b aot bsceder. : . ‘ae ts (iv) What role did Jacob's wise mother play to make him the third possessor? down the rate of intecest charged by money-lenders. Besides, he hates Esau and Jacob ‘s wanted to bless his elder son Antonio since he is a Christian. who despises the Jewish race. Esau but would do so after he brought him some savoury meat. Jacob's (») What is the need for Antonio to borrow money from his enemy? mother Rebecca overheard this conversation. She wanted to get this Antonio needs to borrow money from his enemy Shylock to give it to Miah Nebecos torn ond Jas to peso in blind father with the savoury Dameunia, bis trlend 0 thet he.can gn to Balmontito wao the rich lady tment. In thie way, Jacob, trough the crafty assistance of his mother, got the blessing of his father. (vi) Which trait of Shylock’s character emerges in this scene? (¥) How does Antonio interpret Jacob's success after this extract? in thle come, Shylock presented an shrewd. cunning and. craty, However, the most evident trait of his character is that of revenge ~ to ‘After this extract, Antonio tells Shylock that it was purely » matter of chance in Jacob’s case. He had no control over it himself, but providence sabe vevmnan Cli Antonie Ger all the Sandie benped on hin ¥y ‘Aiton,——$<—<$ $< $$ — — —————___,, a4 5 0 @ «ay THE MERCHANT OF VENICE - HANDBOOK What were the ‘shames’ which stained Shylock? ‘What is meant by ‘the present wants’? On what terms is the speaker ‘willing to supply the wants? “ihe provant wands seie 0 the menadione mend of Astwiio — three fon the specified date, the penalty to be paid will be an exact pound of flesh from any part of Antonio's body. How does Antonio’ storm Shylock? Why was Shylock willing to lend money without interest? Antonio storms Shylock by saying thet in future too he ( likely to abuse ral * . He to repay on time. Shylock is witling to Jend the money without interest because he wants to trap Antonio in a fatal bond and take his revenge. \v) What did the speaker prupase to do immediately after this? Immediately after this, the speaker proposes to Antonio to accompany him (oa lawyer and execute « bond with his signatuse wherein the forfeit to be paid will be an exact pound of flesh from any part of Antonio's body. (v) What is meant by Shylock when he says, “This is,kind { offer?” ‘1 (vi) Who is the third person, preseivt at the scene? Why is he reluctant to agree to Shylock’s terms? The third person present at the some is Bassanio, He is reluctant to ‘agree to Shylock’s terms because he did not trust the kind words uttered by Shylock. He tells Antonio that hw will not have him make such an agreement on his account. He would rather remain as poor as he is now and do without his wants supplied at such « price. KET I Scene 3 6 o “wy ay, w Who is « notary? Whom does Shylock want to take to the notary? Why? will be a pound of flesh from any part of Antonio's body, Give the meaning of; (0) single bond: agreement in which Antonio will be the only signatory. (©) merry sport: for @ pleasant joke. What does Bassani say Yo prevent Antoni fram signing the bond? Bassanio tells Antonio that he will not have him make siich an agreement be soma He is thet he would setts remnatn ox oro bee now and do without his wants supplied at such a price Why 1s Antonio confident that there is m0 dianyger inv sigutng the bond? What aspect of Antonio's character is shown in this incident? ‘Antonio is confident that there is no danger in signing the bond because hhe is confident that one month before the date of payment, his ships will have brought nine times the amount they are borrowing and they will not have to pay the penalty. This incident shows Antonio's overcontiden and generosity towards Bassanio. Why does Shylock insist on a pound of Antonio's flesh in the band? Which aspect of his character is shown in his absurd demand? the situation, he wants 10 take revenge on Antonio and all Christians, who perserited hie and his race,TT 6 THE MERCHANT OF VENICE - HANDBOOK ACT II Scene 1 CONTEXT QUESTIONS ‘ead the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (0) Where does this scene take place? Who are present in the scene? What explanation does Morocco give for his dark complexion? This scene takes place in a room in Rortia’s house at Beimont. Pepple presint are: Prince of Morocco and his attendants, Portia, Nerissa and her attendants. Morocco says that he got his dark colour because of the fherge dun. He was born and brought ip ist a country wheee the syn is | very close to the earth, 18), What qualities does « creature born in north have? Why? People burn in north ate fair-skinned. This is because the sun's rays are 40 faint in the north that they ace haslly able to melt the frost, snow ‘and icicles, DAT Pan a tte tn by Poa Bic Whak a owe the speaker propose, to prove ‘whose blood is reddest’? iii in Greek mythology eo of ha namey ofthe Sun God, pot Morocco's physical appearance frightened the brave men whereas the prostiest women admired and loved it {¥) OA what condition is the: Lopenttnsteenhi dak como ion? ‘The speaker is prepared to change his dark complexion only to win over Portia’s favour, ACT I Scene 1 dea do you get sou the character ofthe Prince of Morceo fom io onea! From the extract we know that the Prince of Moroece Is a warrior and land affectian he enjoys in his land from the nobles and best of maidens. 2 What, lottery of Portia’s destiny? How does It prevent her from Tight of volutary choosing? Lottery bf Portia’s destiny refers tothe lottery devised according’ 16 her deceased father's will. According to the lottery, each suitor has to choose Grom emanget the these canbe of gold. sliver and load the ene (W) Give the meaning of But if my father had not scanted me, ‘And hedged me by his wit, to yield myself His wife who wins me by that means I told you, ‘These lines mean “If had not been limited and restricted by my father’s wisdom and obliged 10 accept for a husband the one who will succeed in winning me by the means I have told you.” wo was Portia’ father to have arranged her marriage through a Totery? Give a reason for your answer. Portia’s father was prudent to have arranged for her marriage through ‘lottery. We see that at the end the wisdom of her father prevails and she is won as wife by Bassanio whom be loves and admires. (iv) Give the btief character sketch of the Prince of Morocco in this scene. From the extract we know that the Prince of Morocco is a warrior and. self-assured man. He has a large imposing physical appearance and is proud of his dark complexion. He is an egoist who thinks that he is better than other people. He boasts of his red blood and the admiration and affection he enjoys in his land from the nobles and best of maidens. Headmits that the lottery of the caskets has no consideration for heroism and ts ioc She sip niet oe smacoma Aiea ony wm Chanson Carb wan by aye, onan ueerving crite, He harps on the same {dea of chance - choice, lotery. destiny. chosing, fortune and hazards, | ——-_{¥)- WHat final instruction does Portia give to Morocco before he is led to” _(¥)-BGyou agree with Portia’s statement that the Prince of Morocco stands as make the choice? fairs ces tothe ster mors? Give a venom ta uoly your opseson Belo he is ed to mabe the choice, Portia tell Morocco that he must take Schence Ve wast citer love the mater sBoguter anid oct eae the ‘ort donsnor ally ean bet Moneta gooichencncl wiening ber’ | fever mens geoneZ dvahholabon toreter veerolh bond attempt ar swear in the Chapel before choosing, that if he makes the wrong, pose se onane of Mawuora becouse a ts bows. Peri usis hich th choice, he wll never again speak 0 any lady onthe subject of marriage, perfect courtesy and tact and speaks os if she holds him in high este. _ (08) Foes Portia ask Morocco to go 40 the temple before he makes the . choice of the casket’ (i) Wat A where by » ncmitar’? What conquests did Morocco sale by ive net dened of in Cash Port ele Mbt wo go vg is crt? the tormpl ip sera oth that he maha the wong ie, he wl pele Pletal = omer mene et: Bas Pacha hel deed Dae ~ She cae 4 9-a mf te ne ne Moa i feng huey mati CT ll Scene 2 wore Postiat Wht does Porte sup when (Who speaks these words? Where i he? What has he said about his the prince leaves the place? fied pe hapei Morocco bids farewell to Portia with the warm-heartedness of a lover and sperhe must cet hal comin of he ped ess a ‘Tha ries of Movocen apes the wore He fx wom in Pxt's ‘Seas dinpas thas end. When the pein leaves the pace, Pore els Moroce set that with his word he had slain the emperor of Persia ita good riddance and wishes that every suitor like him should make and a Persian Prince, who had defested Solyman of Turkey thrice. He ‘a similar choice, boasted that he was courageous enough to conirant a hungry lion, defy () On which casket do the words, Whe chooscth ime shall get as much as te deserves, appear? ‘The above words appent on the silvme casket (68) Why does Merocco initially doubt his worth to deserve the lad fof saint & kept. In this context, the saint is Portia and the shrine is Morocco initially doubts his worth to deserve the lady because he Belmont. The Breathing Saint is a reference to Portia. Morocco says that thinks that though by his own standacd, his merits may be very high people came from every part of the globe to worship at the oly place ‘yet those merits may not be sufficient enough to deserve Portia, as her which enshrines this living object of adoration — Portia Sspenntion ta gpeir Geet se (Gi) What warning is given by Portia to the speaker before he makes the (ti) Woy does he change his mind and say that he deserves the lads sok Morocco, after having doubis about his worth to win Portia, later on Before he makes the choice, the speaker is told by Portia that the correct changes his mind. He feels that he deserves Portia because of his royal ‘casket contains her picture and if he chooves it, she veil be his wife50 THE MERCHANT OF VENICE ~ HANDBOOK Gv) Who are ‘they’ that are referred fo in the extract? What difficulties do they face while coming? ‘The word ‘they’ refers to the many suitors who come to Belmont from all parts of the globe to woo Portia. While coming they travel theough Persian deserts, immense wildemess of Arabia and even eros the ocean, (0). Give the meaning of: (a) Hyrcanian deserts: Hyccania was.a province ofthe ancient Persian empire. ee amram tones a Se pte tpi The watery kingdom: The oceans and its fierce waves do not stop suitors from abroad. (69) Why does the speaker reject the lead Easket? ‘The speaker rejects the lead casket since on it was written that whoever selocts it must be prepared to give all-and to risk everything. Moroceo: declares that only a foot will risk everything for the dull lead. He thictes Inn tm ere 0 metal even tenon te winding eon whan she le Fas bao tae Sa frees pte os Se Wr eat tome silver is ten times undervalued as compared to gold and such a rich sgem can never be set in anything less than gokt. (48) What is the ‘sinful ought’? Why is it 50 ‘Sinful thought’ is the thought that Portia is contained in the silver casket because silver has only 4 tenth of the value of gold and a rich Ee ooomasanmes fit) Describe the ‘coin’ referred to in the extract. What is the difference DownusdEU Dy TCSE TOD ACT It Scene 8 Cr Atser Spring th eae the pec de nto an «ct ‘Explain what is written on the setoll it iy written that things which make the most brilliant show and if he had united youthfulness of body to the wisdom af riper years, the answer would have been « living woman, not a written scroll, (@) Explain how the theme of appearance and reality is shown in the choice made by the prince. Te tbat ot appensancn and vent si nt coden made by the + Brine. nape hs good qualities the prince ie materi. tieonly e t ee loved be wad hove been Send to sk every tor er ACT II Scene 8 CONTEXT QUESTIONS Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: co What is meant bys pasion vo conkued, so strange, ‘outeay ugeous, and 0 variable’? Why was the Jew so excited? In the above lines, Salanio says that he has not seen such an outburst of srg, coniuned o strange, excemtve and trequeity changing Is with grief and despair. He gives vent to it by an exhibition of passionate ‘cxctement and anger which is strange. excessive and frequently changing a Ser tom 1HSO 82 ‘THE MERCHANT OF VENICE - HANDBOOK ACT It Scene 83 (i) Barlier, how did the Jew trouble the Duke? Where did the Duke go and (i) What did Salarino hear from the Frenchman, the previous day? Wh what were his findings? was the news quite startling Earlier, Shylock roused the Duke with his complaints against Lorenzo and his conversation with a Frenchman, Salarino heard that a richl Jessica for robbing him and loping. He made such a disturbance that laden ship from Italy had been wrecked in the narrow channel the Duke was obliged to attend to his demands. He even accompanied srhch aides Rngfend and France. The fe oes wating baie the Duke to search for Lorenzo and Jessica on board Bassanios shig Salarino thought of Antonio's ship and wished that it might not be ty the tume they reaches the place, the ship had already set sail. The ‘one of his ships, Duke was told by someone that Lorenzo and fessica had been seen (68) Ate hearing the news from the Frenchman, what-did Salarino wish? together in a gondola. mee Salarino wished that the wrecked ship might not be one of Antonio's stipe, ‘a comic character in the scene. The mannet in which he laments the loss ‘The manner in which al the boy of Venice flow him and repeat hit words of lamentation in a tone of mockery and jeer at him further add to the humour in the scone Tori tne ceecequence Anes lad to "hep ib ay? “Let good Antonio keep his day’ means let worthy say Asin ie that he has the money to pay Shylock on the appointed day. Ihe fails to keep his day, Shylock would take his revenge on Antonio. Solanio advises Salarino to tell Antonio what he has heard about sisi ewe ire Hinde ol ctr rao aboat the naps tely for it may make him sad. is happy that he could take his revenge on Antonio. He ealls him ‘Antonio ar go quichly 69 look for im and cheer him ip. They do Hot take pact i the action of the play, but keep the action going when the chief characters are absent. (@ In what context has Antonia said the words given in quotation? Who, quotes his words here? Antonio has said these words at the time of bidding farewell to Bassanio, then the latter was about to embank on his journey to Belmont. Salarino ‘quotes his words here.se waco voce wapmoox Nera | (Wi) Enumerate the three conditions in the osth which Arragon was supposed 1) Chen tm womag te take Which condone in th ath he expt hepa the endo (0) Shubber mot business for my sake, Bassano Bassani, do not spoil your plan for my sake. an bound by the oath to observe three conditions. Fist, Ne must ‘never reveal to any other person which of the caskets he has selected, (Bas stag he wry wnmn—s<~roTooo ACT ML Scene & “30 ‘an ambassador of love. Even a day in April, the sweetest spring day. coming 10 give people a foretaste of bright and bountiful summer, is ot compatable tthe gocgeous tesamger, who tides in advance of Iv) What were the reactions of Portia and Nerissa to the announcement of a new suitor? Nerissa prays to Cupid, the god of lowe, that the lord announced be Bassanio if auch to his will (¥) Why does Vortia say to the servant to be dilent and not to praise the young Venetian further? oti tall the servant to silent because hes wo extravagant in he Paley that he is dreading to hear hi say hat he is woe relative of Explain roe ee mi rarer nomen,6 ‘THE MERCHANT OF VENICE ~ HANDBOOK ACT II Scene 1 ACT III Scene 1 SARTRE CONTEXT QUESTIONS Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that fotlow: 1 (0 Whom does ‘she’ refer to in the first line of the extract? What is said about hee in the extract? Iv the first line ‘she’ refers to the rumour or report which is personified fas a tatling old woman. When Salarino talks about Antonio's ship, without any sips of proxy or croasing the plain highasy of tak: “Those words mean: “without speaking much or beating sbout the bush’. That is without being guilty of any lengthy, relevant or tedious speech ‘or going outside plain direct speech. Ov). What fealings for Antonie ars expressad by Salarino and Salanio in this extrac? In this extract, Sslarino and Salanio express their feolings of concer and sympathy for Antonio. Salanio calls him “good Antonio’, honest Antonio and wants a better adjective to describe ‘him’. Finally, Salanio: conveys the news that Antonio has lost « ship. Salarino hopes that this may be the end of his lonses. __(#) How'does Shyhock react to the loss of Antonio's ship? Shylock was pleased to hear about the loss of Antonio's ship. He calls him a spendthritt and a beggar, who used to come amiling, #0 ‘self-satisfied to the market. He must take care to redeem his bond in time. 2 1 Whose Aight is being talked about? Where has the person flown? With ‘whom has the person flown? The flight of Jessica is being talked about. She has flown to Belmont. Jessica has flown with Lorenzo, (i) What’ bad news, besides the flight of the bird, is given just before the arrival of Shylock? Just before the arrival of Shylock, tha news about the Antonio's ship» wreck in the English Channel at « spot called Goodwin Sands is given. {iit} Give the meaning of: ‘These words mean that it is the nature of a fully feathered young bird to leave the nest when it is old enough. He means to say that Jessica ‘was old enough to run away with her lover, Lorenzo, Li) Woe steps han Slot taken 4 get back the own bind? ‘After the extract, Salatino compares the character of Jessica and Shylock He says that Jossica is a complete contrast to Shylock as black ist white ‘or as ordinary red wine is to expensive white Rhenish wine:(What is meant by @ ‘bankrupt’ as well as a ‘prodigal? Why has the : (0) Who is the thief referred to in the extract? What had the thief stolen? rman gone bankrupt? Why is he called a prodigal? | What loss has Shylock suffered sue to the theft? ‘A“bankrupt! means a person who has not enough money to pay off his ‘The thief referred to in the extract Is Shylock’s daughter, Jessica, The just debts. ‘Prodigal’ means a spendthrift who spends money recklessly. thiet had stolen his money, gold and gems, including a diamond costing ‘The man has gone bankrupt because his ship has been wrecked in two thousand duicals, After the thelt, Shylock has to spend money the English Channel with its rich cargo. He is a spendthrift who has Yocate Jossiea. So he has sulfered toss upon loss due to the thet sniemsengnd ess nd bang bonbe. Ta wt ose | (il) Who is Tubal? Why did he go to Genoat by proignl Os ‘Tubs is another Jow. » friend of Shylock. He went to Genon to search 0 Yate ipo wir Why was the man said to go ‘40 smug upon for emia hp has lope with Loa mai? a - scitivtabibiieenh (iy What ews id Tab bing from Genoa abot the tht? tninas dela ne known a he Ria The ean ued wo goto Riso ‘Tubal brought she news that he went (© the places in Genion where he smiling nad s0 self satated because he wae sure of his financial prnition heard some ‘news about fessiea but could not find her, fas he owned a nuriber of ships carrying merchandise to the four comers (v) State what i-huck befell Antonio. Why was Shylock happy over the news? ‘of the world. Shyhih yays these sords to compare Antonio's financial ‘reo ners tr stp nb wri ot wy bac om Position in the past with hie present bankrupt condition. Tripolic. This was the illtuck that befell Antonio. Shylock waa happy il) Give some incidents to shaw that the man referred to in the extract ‘over the news as his chances of taking revenge on Antonio became used to insult Shylock brighter, ‘The man referted to ln the enteact used to insult Shylock. He used to (0) The extract refers to ‘satisiaction’ and ‘revenge’, In what contest disgrace him. laugh at his losses, mock at his yaitw, despise his race ‘these expressions used by Shylock and interfere i his business deals simply because he was a Jew. | Shylock uses the expression satisfaction and revenge i the conte \ liv) Hom-die TR@ “bankrupt cause loss to Shylock in Venice? Ne hot fo mtra hb ian ey and cep Sagi ee Jessica had stolen money, precious stones, and many other jewels, ‘The bankrupt caused loss to Shylock in Venice by lending money without i tose te loci har and votiove them have a enti ba ian interest and thus, affecting Shylock’s business of lending money at neither the satisfaction of getting back his lost daughter and money nor exhorbitant rate of interest | taking revenge on the Christians, who caused her elopement, (¥) How is the bankrupt likely to ge into a loss? How will such a lose affect | @) In the context of the thelt, what reference does Shylock make of ik Shylock as far as his revenge and financial position is concerned? | tachelor days? ‘The bankrupt is hikely to go into 9 lows a8 his ship has been wrecked In the context of the theft, Shylock makes a relerence to his bachelor | swith its rich cargo, Besides, he is to pay three thousand ducats he had | days, His wife Leah gave a tuequoise ring to him before their marriage, borrowed from Shylock for Bassanio. Such a loss will favour Shylock | His daughter Jessica stole that ring, before eloping and exchanged it for to pursue his plan of revenge. ~~synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. Shylock’s journey to the synagogue gives us the clue that he will take revenge on Antonio, |W Sey ESE Tal say that Antonio undone? What hes Ns ay with Shylock believes inthe old Mosaic law, which prescribed an eye for ‘ertainty that Antonio is undone’ ‘eye. and @ toath for a tooth. So, Shylock feels he is justified in taking ‘Tubal says that Antonio is undone because he has heard from some of revenge against an enemy of his religion and race. the asilors he met in Genoa that one of Antonio's large ships has been (v1) In what way, by the end of the scene, does Shylock convince the audience wrecked on the way back from Tripolis. ‘that his attack on Antonio is without any mercy? (0) In what mood ie Shylock in this some? How is Tubal sald to be torturing Shylock’s passion for revenge and his complete justification of it im? fren in ths sme He expan the innit he ha uted unetly tnd x his right to He ha a In this scene, Shylock is in a mood of grief. He feels as if he is the only, sit % he soomen. Yee belowes texts neeiog ‘ee grein ane'in the workd suffering from 9 luck. Tubal i ssid to be torturing Wa tured Toa have ts her of many Sapte cee at feos os Shylock by giving alternate accounts of Antonio's losses and Jessica's no different from Christians and they will follow their example in the extravagances. He alternately makes Shlock elated and depressed for matter of revenge too. “apparently no reason, He lates him by the news of wreckage of Antonio's y thip on its way back from Tripolis, while he depresses him by saying that he could not find Jessica and that she had spent eighty ducats on See, ond netiiagnl a tng otto suisdane bce Sadao ACT III Scene 2 (ii) What is Shylock’s reaction on heating about Antonio's misfortune? How ht lh ent Ye wena ln Py Me et CONTEXT QUESTIONS ‘Antonios tiaortune makes Shylock elated because he will be able et th ten el ont te eee hak ai the would avenge his hatred for Antonio and the Christians. Further, s extent? ‘Antonio is removed from Venice he can, is as he Wes: This scene takes place in a room in Portia’s house at Belmont. The first (69) Give the meaning of line refers to Partia's maidenly modesty according to which she has no other choice except to think, though she may not express her thoughts. ~ # Portia says enough to convey to Bassarfio that she loved him. She ‘Ahorde of monkeys. means that Shylock would not have exchanged doubekal whether Bassanio has understood what she has said and wanted his turquoise ring even for a horde of monkeys. to explain further. But then she is taken over by her maidenly modesty. (©) 1 can make aihat merchandise {will ~_ 1 shane es Portia give a the end of her speech for speaking ‘can shang vn eat ol Whe: enn nk txe nde Se bra tc says or ar towards Bassanio? fol Venice, Shylock can make as much profit as he wants [At the ond of her speech, Portia says that she spoke at ley to stretch i. aga the ene ad delay to Gen flint exten Bameri's Act of choosing the is.a synagogue? ae aad . caskets. This shows that she has feelings of love for Bassanio ar — —‘not want to Jose him soon. In her speech, she repeats her wish to make (a) Why dogs Portia onder music to be played while Bassanio makes the Fim stay in Belmont fora month or two before he hazards the choice choice of caskets? To what does Poni compare the music, should ofthe caskets, i Bessanio choose corectiy? (iit) Why capct Portia teach Bassanio to choose the correct casket? If Bassanic | Portia calls for music first of all to calm the excitement in her own to make an incorrect choice what would Portia have wished? heart and het tension when Bassanio is choosing the casket, She further defends her action saying that if Bassano fall he wl bid him hs lost Porta annot tach Basen to chow the comes cathe as she has | wiemiba nese don chic mrarre macnn ‘promised her father not to reveal the secret of the caskets {0 anyone fase fa te mbt of ac ad tha wil be Ba Govan bat sngn She would never Break her pledged word. f Baseanio were to make tahoe & die. 1 Semerdo mocnade ts sie im incorrect choice, Portia would have wished that she had broken her | atmosphere of the occasion, making everyone happy. aie | Hosni Port's eyes tea watery deathbed for Bases? Give the menning of: Portia explana the condition if Bassano flat choose the right casket =~ In that case, he will have a swan-like end. Making the comparison more Beatie your eyes, explicit, Portia says that her eyes with tears will be Bassanio’s watery They have veriookd me and divided me; grave as the river is the grave for the 4 Lying, swan. ‘The above lines mean, ‘May your eyes be confounded. They have cast 2 (iv) How would the music call the dreaming bridegroom to his marriage? pet parece ky bag fy meomeoehdy ay ty hey 1 Basan is successful in the chaice of caskets then the muse also eee represents the sweet notes of music that awaken the dreaming bridegroom She ay that halo er tongs fo Nand tether a oe: ven sepee cote nc a lan th eeing beieqroom if the latter half is hers, it would still be his So she is entirely his. \ panies pt a = ns dey bas (0) What ight does the extrac throw on the character of Portia asa daughter sends of Urtegioon en ton musing Stee eens tap and ow lover ‘The extract shows that as a lover, Portia loves Hassanio and does not bepontied chasse te Cght taser 06 & woul bemak hor promo 6 1 Sire aleo oor en asin and maeon ies promin saver to pet ot with ft 2 What is ides «plan vee meaning hewn (0 We kde? What ein te’ Haw di Aedes save the beet sbout serane 1s expreseed inthe extrct? aan Alcides refers to young Hercules, son of Alcaeus. In Greek mythology, ‘There was a contemporary belief that the swan, which is usually mute, he in depicted as a trang and courageous youth "Viegin Tribute reoce sang @ beautiful song just before its death. The ewan-song was sung to Hesione, the unmarried daughter of the Trojan King. Hesione was ‘only once, If Bassanio were ‘to dic’, that is, to lose the love for Portia, tied to a rock on the sea-shore of Troy, expecting every moment to be by choosing the wrong casket, then his end will be accompanied by the devoured by the sewnonser, Hercules saved the ‘Virgin Tribute by {acling musi, lke the swan that sigs before it dies. Lilling the sea-monster and setting her tive, Here Portia compares heros ‘THE MERCHANT OF VENICE ~ HANDBOOK ACT IMI Scene 2 6 eee ticane weal tor be eevsiountty sist foe sass Bassanio to go ahead and choose the casket. While he is choosing she Sere Sivas move tove tare Alcioen ‘will be watching the test with much more arwdety than he, wha has to make the choice. She says that if he lives, that ig, he succeeds, she lives. (i) Ih what way fs Bassano compared to young Alcides? Why does Portia I be fail, t death for her. here ‘stand for sacrifice’? Portia compares flassanio to Hercules by saying that Bassanio has as ‘much dignity of bearing as Hercules had, but he goes with much more €D, FPneh ume th play la Nght to above uct How love than Hercules. Hercules did not go to save Hesione aut of love ‘highligh ‘but to get Une horses offered as a reward. Here Portia compares herself In the above extract the theme of appearance and reality is highlighted. {o Healone, who mas offered as a sactifce 9a swmorater. Similarly, | Damani, evening on cai ee tht» py at if Bassanio chooses the wrong casket, she will fall into the clutches of ‘often: hide & rotten interior. The multitude is always led astray by an unworthy suitor + decorations ind adornments of various kinds. ‘a highlighting this theme by providing the examples of lawyers. religious heresies and (Goro me on (4) howling Troy; the loud lamentations of the people of Troy atthe | nip Hlonr snl le Pies rc ba py ia ese er says wr some of virtue. He (b) Hlesred visages: means tear-stained faces. The reference is made to the | explona i thecugh the example of p lenyer: Wea lneresit, posreston of ‘Trojan women who had assembled on the beach with tear-stained, ‘a pleasing voice and attractive presence in a lawyer, entirely hide any Saces to wait and watch the result of the encounter Between the / “appeacance of wrong in the cause he pleads. The ornament of the voice sermons and Hera j gives an unsound plea, the false appearance of a good reality. Similarly © Dea gente It means the outcome of the rescue operation. | Scipiou heresies Can be glomed oer ‘a preacher makes them appear ‘Tefers to the outcome of the encounter between Hercules and the | a true and just. goaton. Lye tae of san? ‘To what are these stairs compared? (iv) What are The rest aloof’ referred to in the extract? Who are the Dardanian | sont anit vehi oa seit mah bing i sevest What weethe wives doing nthe scene when Alcs war sing, | is eruatiate and giuee way Daneath 0 footoap 1 chould sippore. the virgin tribute 5 “Teese inlay do poned so const sis citve ‘beards to give them “The reat aloof referred to in the extract are people in the room like the eppesrance of gest werios ite Heroes and Mar, The many Nerissa, Gratiano and athers whom Portia compares to Trojan women. appearance is cultivated only to deceive the world into thinking that Dardanian wives are Trojae women. Dardanus was the mythical ancestor ‘hey ace formidable. ‘of the Trojans, who were called Dardanians. The Trojans women had (iv) Who is Hercules and who is frowning Mars? What are they, with their ttssembled on the beach with tearstained faces to walt and watch the | te we ert of the enesuner betivenn Hersstee sod he searenonates | Hercules was a great hero in Greek mythology and Mars was the Roman (0) Why docs Portia say, ‘Go, Hercules’? What will she be doing at the | {god of wor Hercules and Mars are referred to here because they, with ‘same time? their beards, stand for strength, manliness and bravery. Portia asks Bassanio, “Go Hercules’ because in her opinion the similarity (0) Give the meaning of the fallowing: between Bassanio and Hercules is complete and perfect. Porta tells _ aah‘THE MERCHANT OF VENICE ~ HANDBOOK ACT MI Scene 2 ‘The Blizabethars looked upon the liver as the seat of courage. A brave ‘mentions are = First, the shining, golden false hair that some women man’s liver was said to be red with blood. Cowards were spoken of ‘wear, Though they look real, they belong to a dead person, The second having white livers, example is that of a lovely scarf that hides the ugly face of att Indian beauty. This s deceptive as people expect to see something better than 5 ()) Explain how is beauty purchased by weight? How docs it make the ‘wearers lightest? (Give the two meanings of the wort: lightest) ‘“ Bassanio says that if we take the case of beauty we find that an imitation «Lt Bhar 2 the gentle serolt? Give the summary of what was written of it is easily obtainable and may be brought in the market, The cosmetics the scroll. fhich enhance beauty can be bought by weight in @ chemist’s shop. ‘The gentle scroll was in the lead casket. On the seroll it was written ‘These bring about a marvellous change in the appearance of women. that sinoe he has not chosen by mere outward appearances, he may ‘The word lightest is punned on. Bassanjo means that the addition of be fortunate and make his choice as wisely as he'has done. Since th cosmetics makes a woman ‘light that is fair coloured. The other meaning, fortune has come to him, he should be satiatied and seek nothing more fof ‘lightest’ is t0 be frivolous and fickle-minded. for his happiness I he is pleased with his hick and feels that fate has , ‘ brought him happiness. he should go to his beloved and claim her as What Fefeced to as ‘crisped snaky golden locks’? Who wears them | . Co ; Oem baer end emt his own with a loving kiss, ‘Crisped snaky golden locks’ reter to false hair that women wear Bassanio Wine Prine had the speaker won? Give the reasons which led to the says that the shining, golden tresses whose ringlets are tossed about by winning of the prize. the playful breeze, seen on the head of « women, appear to be reat | ‘The speaker has won Portia. The speaker chose the correct casket, i», ‘Actually if is false hair and originally it belonged to = dead woman, load canker containing Mortin’s portrait. Its simple looks impresued who is lying in the grave. secre nan han the protestations of gold and silver. Besides, the , * inscription on the casket stated that the man who chooses it, must give” What is referred to a3 dowry of a second head’? Who has beed this GAY Wnt i sitecin fo oe te deve st Mon tad, ‘and hazard his whole being wiich means his true love. . ‘The ‘dowry of a second head’ refers to the false hair (wig) worn by « (iit) What was the speaker asked 10 give and to receive? ‘woman, that appear to be real but actually is a gift from some dead The speaker was asked to go to the lady and claien her as his own with woman i, it originally belonged te dead woman who 6 lying 0 | 4 loving kiss and receive a kiss from her 5 ly the grave. Shakespeare rfers to the popular custom of wearing wigs | Guy Give the y — “ (4) sizer! shout loud applause of joy. This refers to the cl (Gv) Why does Bassanio say that omament is but the gulled shore to a most ‘jnoean Teche aie te OF decent dangerous sea? | rat st Danica tastes casket (©) Giddy in spirit: overwhelmed with joy. This speaks of the bewildered Bassano says that outward adomment is always deceptive. It is Uke owe the attractive but treacherous sea-shoce that leads people into perilous ‘mind of Bassanio after his choice of the lead casket. waters. (*) To whom does the speaker compare himself? In what way does he ‘compa way does 9) Give any two om Bassani's speech 10 show that appearances | (0) io ny ean ‘The spesker compares himself to the one who is striving to win some decepti contest, like one of two prize-fighters. He compates himself as someone Bassanio asserts that appearances ace deceptive. Two examples he _ we?2 ‘THE MERCHANT OF VENICE ~ HANDBOOK j ACT Itt Scene 2 (vi) Why Is the speaker doubtful whether what he sees is trie? ring, Bassanio promises Portia that when the ring leaves his finger, his Bassanio is at the height of his joy after choosing the correct casket. ‘aplett will Hee ond bie life will tenve him. He will pert with the sing He hears « loud applause from the people standing there, He is 60 only at his death. bewildered by the outcome of making the correct choice, that he is not sure if the applause is for him or not ‘He ask Portia to confirm it and ‘sanction it by retuming his kiss. WW) Give the context in which Gratiano speaks these wards, What good wishes does he give to Bassanio? After Bassanio’s successful selection of the right casket and after the () Which possessions of hers, doce Portia transfers to Bassanio after he Gheee the ooesect caskat? specches of Portia and Bascanio Nerissa greets them and wishes them . great joy Thereafter Gratiana speaks these words. Gratiano wishes ‘After Bantanio chooses the correct casket, Portia transfers her mansion, Ab Deselect tibereieoeine atone Foca‘ assure that il Gs fy atl appineea they deaite may be, (9 Aeon eno he widest Fort ech expres her deseo exe wen eas ea : (i) What request does Gratiano make to Bassanio? Portia, for the sake of Bassanio wishes that she were sixty times better Gratiano requests Bassanio to grant him s special favour — that is, to” than herself a thousand times more beautiful and ten thousand times Permit him to allow him to marry at the same time of the marriage wealthier. These wishes express her desire to excel in everything for the ceremony of Portia and Bassanio sake of Bassanio, (iti) What condition does Bessanio put regarding Gratiano’s request? (iit) On sehat condition does she give the ring to Bassanio? How does the } fing became a part of the main plot in the story? ment vs he comet mont bau, provided Ciena can ge As a token of her love to Bassanio, Portia gives him a ring. She warns - ‘hit that f he perts with the ring or loses itor gives it away, that sill <6) Explain how Gratiano's fortune too ‘stood upon the caskets’? eee tee ech Tas wh bance ra Gin eater eating is he Sag en apt oe Nerissa, However the promise that Gratiano received from Nertsta was that Nesiasa would love Gratiano provided that Bassanio had the good (iv) Give the meaning of fortune of winning the love of Portia by selecting the right casket, Thus, Gratiano’s fortune too stood on the caskets. wt ‘And be my vantage to exclaim om yor (0) How has Gratiano-Nerissa episode added! humour to the story in this ‘These lines mean: “Let that be a sign that your love for me is dead and scene? it will give an opportunity for me to accuse you for that.” Here Portia "is aa cl lebih tnt toy; Ti ‘asserts that if Bassanio loses the ring abe has given hin it will show oe aise bntclous tae sine. She vane {he Tots of his lowe for her and wil give he the right to eeprouch him. Sec Sek id Cosas Seat, aR (¥) Alter Portia’s speech, what does Bassanio say in his excitemert? What ‘experienced the joy of love in the company of Rassanio, Nerrisa being assurance does he give to her about the ring? ‘educated by her mistress Portia, was able to win a gentleman's love, ‘Alter Portia’s speech, Bassanio ls overpowered with emotion and he tells Gratiano, with a keen sense of humour arouses much mirth and laughter Porta thather lowe and goonines hs made hie speechees Regarding the tm the scene