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    267 views238 pages

    BH Khan 2

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    ABHAY
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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 238
    About the Author BH Khan seated his BSc Engnerng deste om Alia Musira Univeraty (AMD, Abas Gat cay, 1979, ME ra Tse Bangalore (1978 apd PD fen IT ‘anpe (108), Since 7A hea coy ofthe leew [Sngoccang Deparment AML, Adguh, where carey workings profesor. Dr Kon is scien f the Pesient of Indi Medal ‘of sstason f Bayes (loca), 2002, Fore work (on Sinemet sede TrtintveHe aso receve the Rainay Boats Fine Dae of 1986-87. He i enor Fem of IEEE (USA), Life Flow of TE (i) ie (amber of the India Society fr Tees ocon Ital ie member of she Sam Sooxey of Lod. He hts ever 31 gears of expescnce of teaching rzech 2 the unieatnce and pon gneve in eta ngneeang i Inka 36 wel as sbwowd, ands worked ‘hice pontored ar pore li ctrear art (Gf inset ince Nomconrentona ard Renewable Enegy Somers, Power Heewonich and Mcioproesor Agpcasons Non-Conventional’ ENERGY Resources Second Edition BHKhon Profesor Deparment of ete Enger ‘sigur ar Unverty “Agar itr Prades ‘Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited NeW DEL crow ORES New Dent NewYork St Lous San Francico Aucklnd Gogots Caras An Ege Engh n <2 bts yp Men it ain Pe ie, 1 west hp Na OGD ony 0200 Ta Mein aca Pe Lie No to in ian may erento er ND hy oe yy es, etn, mda pony. ren. of wre rd n't Stee {a wt arene pom pe Tx on ns = ns comp pn, ut ea 0 ‘i tion cae oor om aici yt pobidr, “Tu iGo Eason Prt Lined un (3 9807 ere76| BN or coroner enn Desa 2 Sele eee Manag: Pobihing—SEM Toh ie Dy Minager—Spemarag Sats Math ‘gal Eee: Sh Ste ete Ea Serve thre ‘eer ras Meg ide wan Sec Man Oe Feo Migr SEM TEE Bu Cannan Cerrone Rao Pena ‘At Geel Manages Fobra ron a a oe yn a me cc compicnes of ny ifornaien ube herein sod ber Te MoCo: agen ae a edt Ant Pater C03, Mc Pk Navn Soha, De 1032 Contents _ wet Via Samay, i 1 ate ns ing Sigeregcanedinee 2 i rte s 2 Seemed ieernorece 5 Eee ae « 1 heed 1 ieee ibieiesaeligee ttt emantepen 1 eooeomaeeu tas er Bees awe 3 ay mee Seton 4 2. Energy Conservation ” 2 Sal ees of "Fey Corser Ae 20" 8 2 Seeman tear 24 Cort BCON Gry Csi nt’ 2h Cod Cpt ay Cyc Per 57 Kon Sue 00 Peas a nee en 3. Rneray Storage ‘Mt Nowy of Eee Suge 62 3 Egy Sage Mate Row Dew 7 sheer 72 BB cn Solar Energy — Basico 5 Eh Sit ente pecame 2 i Soevteoeee Seine! a a Ssieees fSsacy ih Roeder nereensac tt a fogy in eee Solar Thermal Systeme St SeirCalecoes 16 53 Sete PaeSpce Henig ad Cato tena 130 54 Scho Ul Henin Stem 5S Scraper snd Ae Conic Spee 119 56 Sino De 50 Sims Grenier io Slr dha Dean of Wine) Ha 51 Sar Themo che Sc IB os ae Onin 134 7 Option 195 : Solar Photowliaie Sytem 82 Scrat Chances 166 (Gy Site Cal, toe Pel and Aen Contre 177 5 Masinisig he Ser PV One stons Maching 72 162 anima owes Po trek MPP) 182 {87 Banco Sper Compnens183 68 SUPP Same 9 SateDy Apteae Rowe Qa 182 cons CED tgp Onis 193 Wind Energy 32 Neteeot Win 20 TA Mae penne af Win Pee 20 35 Bod Fd Mec 205 1 Wi ie Iyer Tle Conan 218 15 etd cay Came Sens WEES) 29 39 Want-Derlghod gore 2 ny Soe 72 Baer pec 2 713 Win egy Prgms 26 Roe Gases Pakon 9 lets mis 00 Bioenaa Eneeey ae 1 Prowemmbent Pecan 245 482 Ube ome of Homa hk Composting 3 fomsnechccr 37 SS Uterine Cosine 4 3 Rowmtte tart econ 252 (Seed 8 (team Decent 20) im Duar 286 Paes one ee ees 285 Geothermal Enerey om 3 Appian 288 22 Ong ao Disubwion of Gehl Eacgy 90 55 Typeset Generales 28 94 Ari of Caterma Reson 29 35 Biglauion ani Dewan of Gothind Renae ED coco 1, 1. 99 Goomerma ergy indie” 307 ea Soto 309 Ocean Energy 104 Raby 0 109 Oct Test Bocgy 991 Soe DecisS Obey Oris 336 Senall yd Resources 1H Adrumges ani dahon of Sal Hy Schemes 40 112 Rar en ip See 119 Tale Gt: Choi Seen 90 Miscellaneous Non-coswrentional Technologies tat aimee rapa tb) Pee Co 13 Mens ome OD Poco 2 ee ioen as ee ai nacal nd eso ron ° a peer ceheyy“V) 18 Sees teis Some stra ae ee oust) 415 on 0 1s ht el tete 45 Dat anus Cah lowe 42) a 185 EES Bape Toon comin 2 as ea am ime ae mo oe ‘oe Preface ney he becuse a mp lc of be nina fo econ eit osc, cy ter sal oh ERS ellen pice nbarmg rune congy rcs ‘ze corsocneat Fac aed pec in ttre ‘These resource ae ah Slered 23 fomesoeasona eo ecoer tt pce, te lg se oe essen, Misc cy Srp us nse sheen pe fran jenn et glen eegy Saree fx acind Tay oes ‘Gmessnae we teu gunn sdcel el conor gomance wed. ost ‘Roemer re etl pis dal ms cca thse eroges ‘ers dee har conmeeay Aron Pad ped ad wi a eeepc Samia eee ir et tence sie rgeoe pategaie Ree rene comet shart le See l leeacpni me ae ‘Sipser Hagges derebanent he wf py er ew sd seen aoe a apt ete hbon speed re eed ae ‘Bincproen cane Thee ke npn ees stead Ecoedegeebe ce eager nbs ese a ‘scat asd peas fh Serene enaey ep ty Eicon inter sgeeraeanagel an etelopes eee at ek read secre book be ny idee appa Ie decries the fundamen Scie The bth muy se ere re rare stg ay ln poy Itlkes ad ue alge she ve whales peter: Cec of ibe there oy erbnclgrsnd pit one he ae prcples has bo hae Beier ear eee Tena ete of gel ering se ay dg 0 tu at tran rea oe Se HR el sx cppatig ws OES eh mr a ne Feel lta canna one carci sw ek ae weal The each (Grey dey nau Sd sae Tg welsh ae ‘Roane ae pcos cons et retae C29 se reg emg gt oe ag orc ee ae eee bre peepee pee eed SSeS ae ceatanomara id a Sica Bag ae eT TTT eened oe witty (aes reece jennings tamccem es SERS rel eeracneaie aerate ee Sire eee means ees tree pee ery es Davee kv abercrmetenmn eter ieee eran Ser Soe ere ck ees Een ences Sai anes ena Fr or gr seieeras cr aoneawegcmemenictialtee Sea ete ot es Se vo Fanatic tamigrinrtmrar ena earns pPaerheceeee isthe cete he 209 he re met eect aeons eee Pied nO ee a >: ESSE ome Be elo eg es ac rece Seite arene ncaa 1 Tiere a CRD artes The beak Shee cat teSpn 1 asescpene se SBS, cp oh le epg wn ered yp, iho Boe rt el as boos mah a huge (5 0d Chap Seni oy Ls ont Steal chars it ire sco suse ih Fy bok hn eon chi edo wo same Fo ne ge nar evens tl eg ye i aps ee eeassoe Ae ihn codergone ete sre a fs Dee TE emer in bok canbe ces abun com) Ue Il owes ses forsee Te wean as contin we ‘orn is a Son Tnny mas a, le ses og et MeL co pert of ug bok Tek cpr ite et che wd st ae flowing vere ‘Shing ot me tee the Book Prodan Sharma Depeonen of Meas Eos ‘Gea ncnat of Tease RU oti Shea Dept of Medal Engen cramer Engng Clap Te fee OP Upatiyay —Depuontr of Meche Hngeeing Inna of Engcenagsrd Telos Bee Mm Anend Departmen of Meal Hapcng [gu loge of Eapmeesagnod Teekay aie | Sodanhan Singh Depart Mecha ageing Rust imi at Tess LNPuada Depot eco Pacing Esra grec snpoyen Mice Depunnnn of Meche Fg ‘ign Gonrnacn Eroting Calne Sree Ain Kemae —Deprneot of Mechariel Foginerne Balint of Teco Mens Rane ‘Any © Chanda eae CD Modhucman — Depwimercf Bkswonc ad Nemawusy” — Conmuscason Eigoccig Sneha Coleg mpeg, ‘ed Tchad Canbarre sent tele Dopo cn ging Beal ce ‘Samagattan , Depuenent of ctr egineecg * Dik ineraro Senceand ‘achoagy ONTU, Heat Sapa. pics Mechs Uae Malhopsdhayey Java eb Caer Biopuee ' Tha dno my tle eh ed eed ver of he tein ii :BERawess sear Tig gating ire fn cn of te bok has been wel ected and Rene ese Ee crate rare! re ac as cia aa Egeiabetoiren lsuicusateatonet sepenacatelogee aise sscomrinimanagty ares ‘vray warwacors The Bacon oe oe] ‘Sex auted toners fet wowed oe aa Fundamentals of Energy—Science and Technology : Sateoduction facpeearayn cca eles ie et l Bee ion setae ara Seale ep ae caancta a a ‘natntre per ecomom rma Sree oF) foe nis yoo a tte ud 0 yeas go geoph wee ently ‘ependymal Sy ea ee : ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND STANDARD OF LIVING 1.1 the cacy consumption of mason an be broadly died fe ine owing weno cers depending on ehegy estat scien These cat (Reater be sabia larsuteetons + Domestic scoe (outer ad oes ting crime ug) 2 Thntparton snr 13 Agile cnr 2 in ctor Consimpion of «lige aman of energy ia cov ladies incensed {ces in eae sesons tah my imply beet comforts at ome dt seo ‘ius pple bers aanapor aces as ore spans idea * peoducon All ths amount toa Bee pny of He Ferg, te for pe ‘Soeuy consumption of county it ah tne of the nde of ing LD woocemmecnstennpesies propery eos) ofthe pepe of the cee Table Lt the comrade BIE host pony egy osampeons of Some counties te en > ‘rphese hspoe "lent ine cosanotn of amcor len 3) i Ac present (es 2005) de ol anal cy consumption of che words crime ss 39) caja Out of whch 20% cacy b eoeued by USAy ‘SHch hes ahr Se of the works popular wide oda wah noose 7% hike weds pelo conramer ony 390 af te wot weal ery Ths ‘smasch soles he nepuive dare ate uty of ie ofthe people Sects Econo nny nten ea cal davlopnet of» cosy Roe the Yse S907, the tual pers ‘ihuatcnegyConrumption i USA wos 12159 EWM ae atin a ae Sai ombenisis oF 1975 Ye2_ The wae 1973 bough amend othe xn of secure and cheapo a Otsoter of st yete OPEC (Organsation of Peto Expting Couns, ed ait eon proton wa wl op ‘Sonal segs OF presse op fuse casingscerecaegy cas he wo (rer Tha peed i pag cece of tous commer cy sure, ‘ne lending habe natn Coverall comms tok Pi att ‘ery enone for he Ba tne, tne or deveeog eave soars of itlgy ove fl Alermme egy somes wee gen setowreoemcenton te ‘ge Fane wee alscdfre deveopmen ol thete esac Tha yee 1973 conse athe yea of te vt al stk. In the ste decade, Oe more shock fl he word in 1979, wth Fire Gc heaton a snare ctegy sources By te nd of 1080, the pace of ere soe at 1D CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES cepy sources canbe cased he flowing way 13 bee rontmeisetirr sim cnticavavay Co 1. Based on Unabty of Energy (a) Primary Resources ‘Thete ae ceiures ember in ate prior (0 andaagong ty honmn mae tooverstns ot tursoestons Beams Of [inay ehcp escuece ar cone oy sang nd nonin ‘egeaonuraniy ete These esoecet ae goes nw fore ad Ue hecdge len mon enngy tensa Geni hrf of ct ‘act be acs such These ae lets explored eran, pocesed td ae ‘Sree ts form st requl by he coon Tha some energy spe in ‘ang the sone tate seri ble orn, cota lek ao oF neoegy exten pncest ene x lin iy et a = EO i ee egy 7 ery pan cb emp ME Only esse or which the ene yell ra eel igh se comsened ony of elon, (0) mermeate Resouces These ate band frm peimay ene by one of ote stp ot enfant eben (0 Sector Resources The form of eogy whichis Enaly supped to ogni fr weton skew or sco Or wale enegy decal egy, ternal egy te fore stem hot wae, chemi ney ‘eee of henge oe ne fo) Some frm of exergy may be catego bot io needa 1 well a secondary rsuree ee Hoch and og, 2. Based on Traditional Use (2) Conventional Energy resources which ae being tony sted for say downs sn wee commen et stun the eof 1913 ae ald ‘Conventional egy ssouren gol fol malar and Br eure (0) men convent Energy rvs hh cond Gr Inge sete se ther theo ear of DTS a a mow contra ergy SOUR ‘hag, bear | Rasedon Long-term Avallabity (4) Nonrenewate Resources wich ae Bit and do notperrpcishe afer, ange consumpacn a cao} non Tesewable eg, Fol fal astm te (Renewable Resources which are cenewed by nave gun 20d agin and Ande ply vn ae by theme of the conan ae called epee, ‘Sr sot win, omen ocean ec al ad rat), peaternal ie fea! 2D ncomennl tne taunt “4. aseon Commercial Application () Comme Ferg Reszure The secondary ase cocgy fori muchas SEG perl he gt elena cram fre categocaed a conser en ewuros The ennomyof sory ‘Ejeis om to bil to convert mara or ehgy en coer nee (© Noncommercial nergy The esp deo fom mau nd wed die “wih psig throug a commer cet cls motommet source eg, wood, al dng eke cop rede, 5 Raced on Origin Foe fc ney 1B Nosewrcreny (© Hike cower @ See {© Winkeonty {8 Bemae cares {B Gece egy 8 Sacew 8 Grea cht every 8B Gis ene cnegy ‘CONSUMPTION TREND OF PRIMARY ENERGY RESOURCES $04 The avenge percentage comtmption tend of vais primary neay teases of the wed ifs to ig Th tg te ead a rom omy vo cory Look ths Agu the hey Sepenene fod fate snes ow cach Abou Sto the wok cen soy crs may from fo cla The shar f fsa acs more han 90 sh OO ery oD omer fe sence nt rccy CED tug INPORTANCE OF Non-cONVENTIONAL EnEnGY soURCES 145 Concern forte envnnent de ty eveinrening wo of ed Stn oad depon of nas sore hae Io dope of cone esa ecay whe esac sod eashonncas ea ‘acu pos may Se nti oon me © amt ing yal hn Sec ie ra ee aout er eee 2 ign cs Chneymaranstined ct 3 Svihop one cy Sri Gt th ay pon there depres the cavitoniment its 7 ee RET esac ns some + SE Cogs ft ra ana geen eel em ced oo eae eran sources indicat tt hee wal srw as spleen ee Ssbsinas fr convent sowces intone nancume sean slic inporane of secretin eu ey Math 1981, beers of Tan sabe Commun Als oes wi (CASE nb Depermens a Snce an Fetgy enter ie Spirit Er Commas CASE newt crated Deptt of Nom Comer zeny Saas BA ety tg A WES fn Rash Oy wy Lt we ane 198) ote the desea Tea Semis ee Bus ea een NES ln Seyeepinl aagysares 6 HE fmt A Seine GRLr ots cee aes bar Soe He i led dean eae ENERGY CHAIN 146 Gener it coe ays) we cna nthe ceny ssn rn ln ny sss recy Far cape we cases See ian Thence ho posay coogi 1 oe eres Ti coy ener a of sateen Ce LD sonesnenrttmy seca cre y Conon) Kaow energy co OF ey ote. ‘ing iced nay. The sequence of enepy tansforeatons bawse bs rman ey cer Beek ey yaaa ones hence oy Sealy coe) cera + Comanet ‘Ac peso about MG oF the won easy spy mt thous de leita enen ome i. neti ca 1 econ tergy ect ny i epee monet of cnn tartan ror PES Spice snes pee Besley nyo be et geo or cok in toed Rivera 2 hice of ney Aboot Sa eoeny See erat dc ap wee epee Se math ced oes mal coe ‘Thermal Energy Tis we wnt he rape of a i ng innedd esses Hana be converted wo mettre soo wah eB Si eteedges tee ese grads of Shera emg tig cree (5004000 end Mae) Cane converted Fico oto snail eg (0) Mass rode (30-504) Can be covets eo mca ey hou (0) tow crate (80-269) Cao be comer cy inn mecha ity ant aed ony or brane puree. heal Energy Puc and ogc at con sheila chance chmicd eactons elec bet cog Abe eal ene) Feet ered ino ela cag i ele orge tess, ond {io hema energy by combustion antares ofeoer scenes rerming CD ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CONVENTIONAL ENERGY 1.8 Foul fais, mer and hydco reoonees te considered. a8 ‘comenona sources Their nc has dhe folowing aanage aod Sandee Adnantages sppeoninat at of cel emery devel frm diese sates a preset 1 150 por KW Ba 1.65 per Ms en co Ro 3.0 pet KW om ‘ese He 1 pee Lh fen hye esate, Re 0 per KW ern ee rotce (S$ tae 4280 Aegon 30) 2_Seeuty Aa storage is ae nd comeriny, by sorng «cermin gant, he ena adie be eared Fo cei pes sick comerionsnd the we wesieeny ai nme Disadvantages 1. Foi ide geoeaepolitnes Main poise gnered inthe we of that our ate CO, CO, NO, SOy putea acer sa bent These palurais degre de eovonnon ve heakh suse cee vases {net pobls CO, sally sspanshie for lob wang oat Kako 2 valle pecherscal and ttued tw fuer Sor ‘Shemicalpharmaceteal an pin nhaes From te long tes pot ‘Sf is itl denon conser ool for frre sede, 5. Sup of muses plore i come reject The mor problems sh tadear energy ae fe (6) The waste tec peared in asleep ae diac “qeosons of Srgeror eels eu hve te tai fos oo Pio of tne nd hsb heh fared af pol wc Peep on pcentsivensne pons ew aging wa Aloe ‘te posed redone wae voqused to be gaused for» long eto (leeds level comes dwn tose hen et Boe (Thee phy of cident kage of eae tel fon seston ape in Chemoby Former USSR se Apa 1980), (0 Ua man orc ecg sey ey Ba (2 Sophinied whoo pie fo wing car egos. On fe connie pose the chal eed wo we mci casey | Due thete setae dindratger Sood has tanned sew nor p eo a's plane we dane tees pn phaser ane CD terme tomas tocircs 4. ydeolecie phys ae cleanest but Inge ereservis case the living oem (Alar lo aren tna int we lending eforetton {8 Games eon dvorbaces each a angie {8 iter wise {6 CaS Stenson ofa tage pop sod he iblition. “SALIENT FEATURES OF NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY 1.9 ‘SOURCES, 1 Nom-onwenSona soucer ane yen atte ie of cot FRG lelece o wr vey live phon Th, by ar ge they ae ron en 3. Theyaceinexianh They he slow geno ped ements 1 Tngenea he corp evan elt fox een tes oes 2 Rathi inthe tro ‘onwtioa sonreer gene ih 3, Miuhky is crcenast he enegy Bow depends on vasous axel hcnomrabeyood man comes 44. Digan atoporting ch forms of ene. 1.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY Environment Snwly means smog. As, sll and woe ee mh ceeitEnSt Soieattne nde mew esgenby proved then aa, PEGE kicee, ovens wih pasage of ine doar quay eomouay PER heen ave wo vane sumac renee The che? arn dh + snr cis hang ay gc cn Pa) hegy comets procs sae egy expel bythe coemgy conversion SS ning fl oh Ae te Ft eee iPr of 0 ower econo, ‘SRC pane teed tery den florea be made © et SRT UTSEStie the cepmsnton of envionancar The posse od it 1 FREER Sy ince ne othe Se scons wb i wor of ewig Ea earennctvernrsceneorsteoroony C&D eae nd ervirnment Fel energy feces To cet ube sens “out ervinementconeot, thu evel at Wt Hanae op ology dale -wih the reGomhip betwee ving nga (an, tial hos al epetaon) wad the cavtament Neely nue hs el ceaing Spal aol ey Gens sos sgh ae cn ‘maintain site of pada. The wae eyes nizogea eae bon ‘gett he web lw aang of Hoste, ws ieee ‘heeds rug iy he ect blace ges dtrbed Agrenhonws ran encore having tnneparent gs paesr shes shows in Fig 13 igbeheesdfereny fr ecmnng nl to wer) doses sd SIRES lowe ebay of ang snd hore ty pene fo heed {Sinwed ransom fom the cathe uci, tas preven toe eet of xt Hence moe « cooled warner eave nie fr growth of ls ‘iplaces whee te cine eyed "The CO, saelope pacteat around the globe in he monphen bhves Wdar fou tp oes2 ‘ig gba preeatoure, Tas wndt co pene he cope ‘St hee fo the ct whic ends lal wari "Thin phonomeoa iknow as greenhouse effet At preheat 2008 x coneeneton the nanesphere SES pom (pare prion by oka Ile de oa eflct to ieceth mint ecg sire empaths bosptie oie In she abence ft ner, the earth won» Foze planet above 26 fine tonpenmce of cute amosphes). Heweve, 29 futher incre in the egmeentrion of CO, fom the greta love will up che ‘Cpe br se wad cane fares watmtog of the gw may face dasa conceqeenees Spar fom CO, other har gases ieclode tehane mizooe tos, hpietouncsrbons, sip Neckonde and water ‘Sips hee goss ate Known ae greenhouses The CO, emi fom ‘Siege coun stcouns for B06 ofthe tou qoecbouse aa eeiion af ‘he won MLEDLE. Qs) Pet Ceemaine "ting of wend and alse de so ops rss Tis en eng tote meting of pol saomesps, Which =a CD soncmesinscmrrmarse fo mote tan 976 of the work cx Meking of the pla anomeap wou in Soe ie ee ose wd pny rine ont REISS tee and sro leat he st 10 yeu SRN ctu bs ecu sot hat a degre eli and ss Jv ave SEREISitha geo ten, Enpers uve presions mone equent and scree ‘St ceecs moee tense ial exdone change nal pitas ing oF REST se mney hae cing Sood, Fle by denne of wae ‘Spcshed on icnuadincdence of vetonSvrme dese he aac cane yp tu Pee cs tp a tage ne ee CEES) aioond the word wince THAD, wath of ds am seen ect, a ern tcl pote LHae ee cere ss oe Serer oes Sei a ce © eee Some ctl Seo iaatanmareroer cr a «Re eer earner ey eh nt Eaean ams teegel ae Segroe imine hee mame pes cent » FEE Te eeepc Sere att ae teense cuca » ESS mane ere et Sein clair ere arate oat Coe ier apt Potato emg os igrieereieer EES acme p danger, See oceans ‘hove st of eens intent egucy an ens ne net 5D Rotate th oa of extreme weather evens sus wis eat aoe te vcong opal sven sro snbened spe by some capes Zea (0) Inder Ptiation tnoce panne minty cain de © ww of ote el ba eds our Sie cen an women de Hon SRE infor aparece yor Tropes aed Reece nero ile oo pouson esometssot tren scewemsteovcngy CED (©) Outdoor Potion Cuooe poli x mainly cated dae vo use of fod ins Eriiona fof fa hed ns dogtade te einen ee ‘tise ious other problems Col an a ae pole a oe Remedy 1. Use of fous fa shoal be soul cored. Lee pain ehoologies shape moped for ue steal of foe fest gated co wa 2, Herat eat etn po ‘Sean fl clot nor eave pelle ay power cerperson 3. HIS sd oats opnd ei shi ol mpc 1 Partcuote Mater The pence of pase ste rede aight Teduce ay ‘ee stove 100 ug/l verge cea crptny probles ‘level awe 0 Gear avenge) eal in bronchi atin ‘oF tocar meme ide he Sencha aes ches of wi PO ‘Ta nual swrage erie 75 p/n Fe Comerondeectefpanion 2 £2, Cabo deni is nai aot nee nk go ia { photiyess and production of esa oxygen and ope ater fae, But nerenedcotctation of €0, nine aes te gi nse Exp etn of CO, inte espe corp amg dem oman rs LD senerrenins neta (60, in i dang the 19405 alee han 312 ppm, Dig he 190 rose 1o 58 pp and by D0 set bow 380 ppm. The ncesing CO, let ‘asl oe (0) ngs combustion of on ecco fed heemal power plans tere aieancoon be wb (i fesing of ees om = ge sake (efresaion) for tbe, Salar, an ottoanon,teskng in reba phos foeee 2 €0 C0 i fxd du wo mcmp bing of etn in inate sic senousytnpasetn onyre depot uss the body pare fin, ata hele meses CO concormaton of 100 ppm ces hetace, 5S ppm cnsscllaoc ed 100 pp nal Soler iahne CO concerns of 40450 pen | $0, The prsnee of SO, the ie any de to manmade reatont ivi om of cg ap Te atone oe oer pe 70% Inca 138 Moweveiies ‘3 Sot ete doponsl SM 50, can fries oa to for ar nde which nr form sup sch ehensbunibed nie erm ets (6) Cawsesrepiory cessing ths ad theese anh ‘exansory ack (0) Comes sh ins which ae har to gsc, fret, egeton, {lta ses andthe bls) eae ude of ele omic pape “The ale hn i g/l vege) No, Onde of stench at N,0,NO.NO, NO cemented NOehbcast netgen anki fe sos ae prediead detomtued {hts aig acto) ool soe Sue sane easer—noay doe (Satara poves inte ahigheempersire NO army he neraon Se itopen anf angen igh empenee Mani eases a Pantanenta feng Semmens Teiniggy CD ) Mense vis 796 () lott ™ @ Rwerpins 6 (Sobdune Be amp ete (2) Cases rerprsry and cadiemearBeeacs {Se does the boty ser of age, (aR err act hag ad or ote one dan CO ‘Thea is 0 pg/e ‘Tact ors ned tw destbe ouces of encig wich we considered SSR cep cs Se aay ‘ersncwaleccrgy sence rom 0 the en wae bt sod ae Cen omen eng fh ner of ey bg cogecaon Sod becoming incental wise Comes Cees SEIS ce reccrgeareany ele Comers a SET tara macs ee Scr Se Sr es ce a open ee Sete Glia ee Sop Sipe eet a ‘rd bunnesis to suppor green Chey, ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE ‘DEVELOPMENT 1441 clot eavzonmental degradation is ane of the ost seat ‘ec ig ind wo tcp of mc ‘One Of the ncaa apo: #8 Boba anisounentl pecker {he Feanewott Coorenson on. Chaat Change’ se tulad af ee ‘flesin Mach 194 The ceo ss ot Sly at sev CO, erisons ia ern sts ime escape rane Cot eae ‘Bibi Sano sto tn gob tre omer wh food face aoe Seay 30 po eno par nergy sores nthe wer te eal ue of amet comenn sce verona vironmental depron cance be sigh oat a a independent meee sarong vii bln Ako imporen their ong econ Sevelipenem, cele eoegy supp tnd be cvtonmentl comeeaton, To theme en decade fal al al coms tobe te peal source of coe) ‘ving eeonome deveopme. The source of ford ace sae and he LD sunconertina ery heures cectonisaffenabl. Asem tose the ie oa Forenizonmenta ‘Soros tre thc) to fare agate impact on eroncmic develope ara he ‘real salablny of ergy the three Es—envoemen eos and ‘Scot deelopencae ne sel lene a ample ae “eer ing ee nes a xt i nantly [Belden te condone stabi ‘| 1 Tye consump rave of renewnble resource not igher an recovery te 2, The cnmompsion rte of an sence sours 90 higher han che Inst tes ener resorce Spy 2. Thevamanson of peinm i wibia te sbeopion epacy of Oke Unforsatey these condons have been iid for yeu. Examples of seipecne votrony pial tcaledforsaion he depa Of ah fa ‘TSeiaceene in CO, coneenon i te sr Sich wokon ay bea to ‘Erno lang tlc a Pe inl development secs wil not be Sueaable In partlan, a bol 25 in too communion scone of pura nem foe {fe ecopment of «utile aman ose on Ch plane [As ein fc the ahve cumin, economy. envkoament nd energy are lot itr sd an over pale ipod to dealt hem 1.12. encncy oENSITIES (HEATING VALUES) OF VARIOUS FUELS helene ents eof ro fins Seaaeoncry + Fodoee a enteral ergr-secne ent ety CLD 1.13° ‘WORLD ENERGY STATUS i petens ear 2008) he somal pear enogyconmumpion of the work 1s $09 exjnie(uraot to 1383 + 108 Lh of coy os ree wes of 1 = 10 BG), Fs Fk soghly provid sour SDN ofthe emg oad onset oie mee ha 0 th sl ne dead we no he sd the ining 75% by indus enc ager un oca connere ‘The cocgy derand fas iowa sscosomiealy a recent Yew peta) ngy damand increasing by more than eine 180 "Te gow fovea te ease wan snmul vera re of 22% daring 00-3050, Ovee 10% ob {hs gros wl come foe deselopng cunts A. Conventional Resources (0 Fost ts Fost fs ae cal becase the atin fc he Fle lo bloga ett ce exited othe race of eet fi formed i Sever par of the cath sung depth ding oven lion us by alow ‘compoation and chemi act of bate Sie maser ner vote res, best aa acter masse eon Pe fon ec ince ae Fou foe have hen 4 mejor source of energy ase about 1850, he tat of shed Pry oe a ag gh ee pd fi sweyhrich dn vl 1040 a yar especie, Te {Gre ony am incon tod noe ey rete iets peor cep hat Romeo! peuchmed snes cme of wk fase quay ease 'gorrne by he ls of Supply and demand. Ast arnt masa dplees, the cormodiy became conte, andre prada cect Alea eee 3: Semoun cre lo ces eed Ft ‘ose esores which were no conaeed coon acer Toc ad simates of he works min fs al wares cen abe 1 f D CD emcomensorstine necies Pes ers em 806 ‘tire fee Sex| Ot [on [Ge | oe ease om ( Rydronesoces Arnal eaewabes ho power he mort advanced SEaae per The eny peterson of shee a our 180, oo en ‘ecved Lempira ns een ed osm tv been Seco oat naquennse hag cpa green and on ‘voaenencleemcane dau Ee pnts afew ous duel of se releoe poten be ben ped 20 far Filed saison ae plea one stn [ittine hci abeut Sd yen). This ovo cmmoon dy opto nont hgh trspennne ox olin tastes Tht often prodones Hey tow “onto comespens econ bene “The global iad geneeting capacity of acho powe about 7,788 1a lh scout Mia te wont oa aed see pws [rvoion cpucty and tocar 3406 the wend Pimary oes SBD {lsc owes actoun broly fe cotta devon counties {fe oneal of the peoatfxeo pover fxn. Fhe cout makeup tase thao if of te wots Id powcr roto, Chin (10,000 MI) USA (Se NEW, Cane 7 979 MM, Da (50 Mw Rae 1,006 Tons gan bpecicre poe aton cara Bia pf (Spey 1S Te amt 7 Fe ong bos he er Pa (19 Nucor Rescues UU foscpen of ans) apd Pu (anni) seed ar den kn aden sectors heal ext) and ae ho ish fit) maid Ouro these ony Ue occnsin pone and ‘repped tee Tn crn an respec in Fae Browder exons ~ tne naptime orem CED (RT aed US ze now a ith maria Nard eran coming riser ban 9929" arom, eanium eesecves inthe woed ore small (xpectd to ns ary for $9 years AEE Ss eof ecm liver pare ‘enum iv uc er hsb 1-058 Mor alte sree was ‘eg Aotaa, Canada and Keaton and (04 nes ene te USA. Thee are abo alae haber cf sae loge tes. Tova eserves te expt (Oberon de of ran, Nacearpote i eas cot low-ens echncogy at ean poi be load powes As on Angee 2008, hee aren 09 faces per plas ‘he mol opting in I counties sd pncraing 371989 NW wc owt toot the weak cece France prndncrs Ti ofr otal ewe oes ‘yy mca means Inthe Euopean Union ss who, alent eneyy peo ofthe eetcy. The moder exgy pot’ dle erent Earp ‘Union cous, td some, ch Aut ap eae, have mo acne mecca Doser ston. Present most commercat tacier an essa eons Fast Breeder Revcos PBR) uatoe fw arama ad generate noe Cae mace tha they consume: They generate sary nv wal a somvet ee eae 1 ee ge cee ely Snot os comercny deveoped the mainte tang ths be ‘eat hetore long doug tne (nae tage sso FBR ogee ‘ice’ fue mately fed» soc Wea ei) of ao 5 are ‘Wik cnsnsing Ran Beton nthe deeton,shoped ta by 2050, PKS swede mun source of power nee oes the fest aifeaee [Notes aio ection hat lot sor pote and vst rexoucesarcavaable Howey, coma fon renson hs ot ben ned yt fe predicted ht by yer 20 tome brakhaough wil heparin fon tcl aa once is ‘agers acl fon ean willbe he main soe ney cate ay 8. Nen-conventiond Sources [Nomconveona chong ar preety une the development sage At ‘rsene their Sey al Sol ergy Solar coegy can bea js source of power snd cin be ‘hurd ing testo nd phcante conmtionsystns These eden ‘fev on the ture ofthe eons igh sunny dy Poon apap Tien The carlnconusnculyinewcpttesr ume elke A hic tHsabout 1000 ume the wid demand Bats far ical noe he dele ‘sa lage sae, Accotingt one ema ll the ings of the ws ane jg, corre with sor PU pe, cam Fal lereal perspec of Oe a ecrereeeeeaenereererereaeaaeaeaeeeTTTTRE RCE OD remem tere wo Slir PV pew cored un expansive soce of power. Ae pnt {Bevel go of anor BV eye te RE 30000 pr W (REID cre) ae inet Red coe/ AAW ov coal ed trl plans ewe = 10 aoe). (Wind trey The poner vila lo the wind flowing over he et sestce stl oe Ve 1 MW wes more hen te pest emery feporemens of the won Wind power har eteged he mor cone ot [Tfencwsble enegysonrcrn Th nada cost of wind poe i Re roe] Ea" (whach ts somporble to tw of somes! Sus! pot) There ha Then scmatiale prow of ind ower nan te wo Wind power {rots the fst -gewng. enepy source. Wind power istllons ‘Foie ve toned 94,00 HO (at ea of 2007, wc sabe 1 of {Re sory cleave power gereron espace. accounts for approniotey [What sei in Denmark in Spain ad Poti sod > in Germany athe Reabe ot Tied. Genny eth wd eer wind ‘powcr wah a sale epacy 96 22207 MME (a) some ery Eiegy soc aa om ain nd vegeaon ae ‘ale! that eng feos ‘Ths i inporane resus for devel ‘Snes especialy url sen. The enc ommas Povo a + Tees (ood, eves aod for indy ws) sted plane grown fore Algae weber epeaon fom Sean nt eer 1 Cie we mame adsl wt) 1 nara exte (gnc! an aia! wan op rig te) Sole acigy sbacsb by plate Ghrough the photoeathse proce) i sstinated 82 10 sear Blan rater maybe wantored oy ec ‘rb peocene 1 prouceintrneie bi fucesctannoga (sane), reducer ga itaol ad cara At pecs hee ae mon of ges pate he wo nest of Oe a Cada (cetera Entgy Geode ney i ied fem hage amounts of store Seo copy he ncn Of te ar shag Soon ey [Gea Artie end of 005 tbe wordt nial cea power seen ‘spacey fom geoherl esourrs sat shout AOSD MW, sa dest ean {shat eapacy ws 2266 ft, Challe of geaeral pve rowing erally st eof Sut Yb cls 75% hema Te eb oF Ha focus 25% oft sey fom geothermal tesoucee Liki geese “cea nay prodacon it El Srador a Ys of te county tt eed "Seay genet eapacy The olds geobcrnal poms pees ote ~ a eter semerot eve CRD Lowa ip ody, comin in 904 ad pen producing 460 MW oper iedaans (9) Ocean at Energy Til eno it» fra of yk owe het carves owtty of een tes geo eect OF oxher sof fone of pote Tena ‘ecping wae an ahoagy oe Jr widely wet dl powe ha poeta ee fee geen eer ene aban ity dst ore: The tem prescot only fw operon ial powes pans Peon ‘Betopger a 240.MW dal poner pant wan ba in 1960p Fone a he cet preety age So aon he any com AAW pare locate t Nova Scat, Cac, ad. 0-1 capac pln arte at Ripe ‘Guba, rear Marmara, he Hates Son Many sts hye ben seed In USA, Argent, atupe fond Chin fo deveopmen of tal power (9 Ocean ortnergy Wave power tes tthe energy ocean ue was seth espa of that corey todo teal onl, os wa power hens ‘ve a fur of about 3) Klowara per nee Shore Ae force ere ‘he pocenal for shoreline based ve Powe genta abou 20000 NE Decprnter wave power eneres ve ul eo, petps pret to cps Some tae plats ae seeal ployed few hare, Te worl Ges ol rms bad es fam ore {vs nce» RI pln inthe Orne ff ott Sendra 3 [MAW wave developmen off denon coat of Coral Cagle (i ean thermal nergy Cnverson OTE receelogy in ifn snges Conceprod signs of smal OTEC plans bare Been flee. The Sommer roses af que neerain.The potential mel be me ha Shatof al ore nese 1.14 ENERGY SCENARIO IM INDIA Inbal cay proce and contomer: nda einen es ssc rh cent ret ny enn vmang en 3 Sastre, ecouming For 350 of the wade wl oneal enh coms, “Tsao teoergy import yd he ae bans bene cl Dron aed consmpton. pet 3s da tee al ran ‘ery podneon ad consarghon we 1173 Quad BFU and 168 Gund TU espetvely. The per capes pinay coc consumption i 520 KEOE ‘x tnd whereas de wold average 2856 KOE GOUT das) Sar the ci aaa cre enigycoorumpton i In TZ LWh whee he ge Pe cee nh a LBD ncceneontturg tenes Sector wise Energy Consumption lect Power Generation ‘The usc tot isa capac af deere owes geet Ine 1/1919 MEW (ee 30,208), posed fom ‘anus sscnce ae gen ble 8 “uhieus.ercalposrenrtn an he att A. Comentional (Foc Ta has wae snr of ol the fourth Ingest the work andthe tan nina ma Che Recon o's oh te, oe ‘Sve col inna 90 lion a ne 1 of emo Wh {he prcent eof comps, Ina ave enough coal for abow 30 yes Thc col hs i ch cent 2-5), oe eat aa (3000-40 Kale) So tS He he 0 oho lg ‘Riese fad gor epssot owe per cen of the oa ear consempte [Bimin About Sef acc ar mer hcg Somes podacton un the tne ct though poe Ceode ol eeeree ae rmsd 38D on {a engh ote abet yey the pce tf 80 fetter ittnde Narula sac ac eosted 2 1 lln m, enough 1 bt fot rtimeetoewsseeensresravay CED 50 yeas fo further scone a made, Ot and gn reeves ste aut von forthe megan roe: The dren romeo decsrng wy. ‘oven secede of pa eserves Re ap the Kens erat tral the Vchipeoa cont ay chage she wont "The actin ll [elinown nce tne eoures ie fly eve ad reduce be (© yo Resources tne sande seventh inthe it 0 sane with yen SE Era tae oat pee Jotienormhe idole iadespee 0) neceoresources Tada has me eer way ated a Jadagtn tian Oot ofthe to lca power geretion, 206 hog i bythe par 03 une S000 Me yan Pees een OE “Tota eae i sbmance in Idi inthe fim of worm Gin ‘he toe bene of Kemal Theeconemkaly abe reser of toca cla “xsi 300,00 tonnes which h a9 of the woh a eee ‘Ga FBR The US so ore maybe wed ina mon here encore PUWR, Foc be deeiopear of the mice nergy cei» ecarch ty IGCAR fates Guns Conte oe Ato Rete) ts bees eased in 1971 lpr Tel Nada “The Fomder of the coannys store energy prog Dr. How Jehan ate tind shes tage ong at eb 2 8 Stage Ia the Sat sage, Pete Heavy Water Reaciors PWR) wing wt wun (796 OE ad 9.254 U9) ae fel and eaey we oh ‘oct ah well a moderator, ul be se A PHI ea eral reactor that ‘Seance only he US par of the satura unm aU most Sow el Stage 1 The second! ‘sage eviages the cnstucion of FBR which wil spent fel epee acts) of the PHWWRS, Le O™ al covers 4 Sac ea ion Pepe hw ined wa ed ‘tages In he thin sg thos wl be convert to Un ft cede castor The U™ ila ols fod ina herd ace. “The coegy persed nthe second snge i tes mote than that vuble fom BWR Lye sme mount of trl sinh sage ae [say seed, Hoeven he nt sng cy the U™ prt hide accounts or (7% hentai, oe a LD sevcorennn oa tones Tada has msiced the technology of the Bt sage wh 13 commer PHVCRe pln Gest Nara, Rawat, Keakopen, aks Kelp, Kedar snd cba acai nthe couney date Hever al ‘Seni reserves eons tm gene ony TW Me re PAR Bet ‘rth Hk hae per, wean genete 3,00 My whch mesa reve The Sage Season aan Gn FTE, Tae cele Tr: race) ‘nc diay in 1985 Ie fly operstoral end focdng {MW power ito the Tama Ned gd. However, ceabe technol diffe eyes be ‘recome Comttacton mek fr a oie alescd 509 BAUS Pookape Fat Breeder Reactor (PFS) bs yun een 22a Ralphs ne opted to eacheteaty 2002 R and D wonton Sage 3 econ, CRM ete ic will uiz hia iso gig on at IGCAR, Kapaa. Non convention onal in he nopial on, Inia it enowed vith abundant senewsble ney resowces i la win! ad rs ncn perl es ich fe peel in aus Hamcerg thee rescuers bow uted to me the ergy epee ru rear ins decentasod ance Indus he posed SF ganumtig more tha 09000 MW fos now cme eunese Upto Joce 35, 20k the ete porwr pence Oyo comneonal rsces Te seaced 12,194 MU acho abt Ba of to nal lcs poe {Enention cape The governs plan occ tha saree 1 by 212 ‘Pre carsent sme on 3112207) of vous resources se eh Tab 1 (our sys) a teeta tensity CED Ea sae] secon een) (0. Wind rrgy ‘The bighlyzccenfal wind pee progamene i Ine wa ‘tata in 1989 84 and nearly macet dren. Thi cect Is bon pow over 330s the lee hee yen Tn cont eat 2008) tans fourth the wen smong couse havo ined eg cacy wind generar ther Gavmaay USA sad Spin THe cent (ly 20) sled apy Er ‘ind power ap ae 8696 MG nd mot Foe Taal Nada, Gat Miata ad Rien, Phe ocrament si om {O00 MW nin ‘ig a pin pono 2813 (i) So Energy ois exces sca ety equiaent of wore than 5,000 talon Rh prea, afi fe rote an laa camurpon The ‘hay otal rfton i around th per age per dap we sash ang enecan 28005 000 hour pot won parc of ta Teagh the ene ‘ens ow a hearsay tea connote aw Become pore {Shatner atundanly swale comp wey tay for any peepee 1 comaring sual bet or dong dines genera of sc The a CD wencanentes veneer coeion seme ate modes near ae cane sppeopsntely cme foe ‘Sioned apis Solr Thermal kneay Programme Use of solar ermal every is beg prema or utr hen. Conbin dig a0 Space ening though seus ‘heres, The government is proPouing > take sokraiied water heating ‘pander im cern steps of baling ach ements dhe ulin ‘nee Banglore bas boon deste solr thera ry an pec strenon Ppa ser sue batts and Thanet Masia co fw acon, Seer [Epes se ner conadensen the Minsry of New tod Rencesbie Elnyy Stucco planing on developing 60"Scs Cher baron ode slcady pracced tn New Yor, Toys apd Landon. The aget ito reduce dre ‘aol de comecional coery recurs by arene 10% overt ea ive yee ‘econo sof ua lege Ske Cy mh atidour 5 GW soa procs hus bon mooted by The Cas Foundauon Yor Guest ‘Sahat Pog Solas PY cneny big ied for ane, home ing yma eeelghingytms caremee pump and power ar ‘Xtmaber oF 100KW fod iterate pla ce sex in opciones bcs inthe county A 200 LW pnt aad cea tet lage oF ‘See Baga Sigh (Vitge Kher Kalan, De Nawansbaha Pan, dite Slr Shops The misty ie promoting the eablhment oF speci sales lester the mane Aaya Solr Shop mij ees (10 ches 9 Difeent mores of solesytem devices for rations anal te Sd ough these shops in onder wo provide he ester + wie hae (a lomass energy A lege nny of born ase in out coun in she fen of dey wat ear tend ad wood ig te and wet use (tn ang opane cca aguas bape tenant mc et The pote ‘x gener of cece power cogeneration 16881 MW fern ao eect S06 Mtn Inge theo coe. The pote fom aban ‘Se 2.700 MU Asta w vat scope for prodeson of bio fcrm ‘Dme pans These plants eure tide ae can be own om flow and and ca ‘aren hci oor Fegan yb ep nee Gs) Sma ho Resources Ho esontes of capaci et th 25 Pa cae so ethan at ae il and les ha 1004 ae ele cr dr esac Te wn pone 1,000 MW gut OF whieh 2015 NW Fs ‘een ene by appeonmately 61 pn. (6) cevthret ner The pte ingethcrnlresmsees ia de county 4 10000 BO Aes eal of tana resort sescrentsuden/survey ney 5h penal oe apeings have been Heal troughs ihe coum Nos of i renter oerarsincensrcmangy CD ‘hem ar ow empersture house retour nd can bet be wie fr dict ‘Bernal epptcanane On come of theme waned sable fe eee [poss generation The geothermal reser stable for pone pension hare Fite Yocwed at Tatas in Choa and Pua valley of tadath, sn Kanha A 200 LW demonutnton ecte pres pedsction plan i Iisa a Tatapal, Hoses eeoures ae Sse at Bacon, Kear {fw ose oan inthe nly ange sa cere Thy eben ‘Sedimondy or beng ppc awry his ne eee (i) Ocean Tel Energy Thee is anedoeal alpen at prsee and the {oul prenaian bce crated ae )D00 MU Thc es hve bec seed ‘depen of tency ‘Gul of Ku poten = 990 00 al range = 5m {Ga Cama uray: Perl = 7.030 MOE Ba rnge = 6m 1 Sc porn = 1000 NW, lange = 39 he Dfnouy of Non-conwendooat Enenpy Source has sponsored he repaiion of” fens sport by the West Bengal Renewable Eoergy “Agency (WBREDA) to vet op 2 38 MW apace dmoovecen, {id pons plant st Boga Cree inthe Sandebane ee af Wes Beg (19 0cein Woe nd OTE Resource £150 LW plot plinth been inte at Vichingorbatso st Kenia Theewerge pour ‘asf nda cows ha Som ead soma OC MIE of wnt ‘There ies propad foraa OTEC pant atthe Meioy oar of aban Emerging sechanloges ke “el cll an hoon ene te sued for sestonary nd porable power generation, hie suet tporann pomp In sew of the growing mperance of far ede and byveper, = Nation Hpdrogen nergy Boe hee bono ceed. Fie boned wil peotlegsdance foe Bx pepe ted ipo af the Steal Tyopen Boos Rend Sp comeing apace of ons sug arg Sem sin om ‘Spesy lly cs fal ccc vide or unapoatense bog ed Energy i a eel bling ook fo the development oF the economy of ‘county eonsheed 84 GDP muir In I the sath hepest omy {scune nthe edt ler snl grown exe of Me eng ‘ae 25 yur 2051-2, oe oct rey energy SPR SF ines ao elany genentom pay abou mee smal LD sencensemonsitary tse ler ia stent seuieent foal ets of ou fe and i ns tec nie aban the ey 0 eng er ‘Sous lseraion of enplormeneboiason of pore ad promt of fan ‘Soper opty oral ess Ia eles yomer tector hs shown ao annul growth eof 5.1% ding shea hres yas of te Sh yar hm The demand for Sete pes scape bour Coogan pean gape a SESIEDES A Decege eames nf ane Ne Tr as vested Feelin i oe pe ek ‘Racine! oyu of Sect poner gemeation Ma gro ch 502 NOW Tu ef. 44564 Wor on ons sy Refer [95.36] fo cues pte). The uci wisn cote ae than CE, The energy planing song he ‘Bek Sear plan gona he feming Tae 17 ble. ery ping ig tet or eras Weald ipo TS So 2a RT ‘ear 09 aoa bide the fc sed ett Wp fanste demande the coum ace ap ssi owe genetaon chy of ape 100000 NW eer he ee ‘er yar Ihe national gan wf scl ower geeraon by 2012 = 20,000 [SRG oder so enue lle at sy ower To al Sete. Oot oF thi, oat 10,600 M8 il be cores wh ton-chnuensoal oures he pt capita ‘ey cousumpson le ogted a 1000 10h by 2012 apart he pretense ‘hos lee of 2K, “The growth in per capi elec energy consumpson and the growth prope of ite pur tn ur gen nA toed Sa 19 ropes oa a Se S| aE IS : Me a rusorenst tras nt rcrengy CD, 1s cromorofetersftheponer str! Ti mee =e” el eal oe usr pabemnemarar ator Hoare mek hy aoe Senders Maen Sai ere eee es soli ole yeaa ee Se ie ere mnie Someta mye eens eee nena memes near iota nities treet PE Set [APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS—A REVIEW 4.15 Thermodynamics an anlomatic scons which dele wih de sation ween re eh stl proprio fay which an al, degaine te sve ind the change te of ea ses “Thersdysnis basil entals for as or axioms, known a the roth, Sit secnd nod ied oof eon The scot bw das wih hernia alm and eves the oncepe ol ecpeneare The tt be thes ihe on he concep of inrmal ene. {TBs second law indies to ni 8 tomteting Ret in work amd Indice he pone of ices oF eno. The dw dele! the selene eo of emtopy ‘Sptem A eptem sthe te qendty of mater or 4 res) prescribed segioa of space. a Boundary ‘The actual of # hypothetical envelope oT em a mete erica mathe Fin Toke ana a i | [-f fanonuoeinien Closed ssta If he bounty ofa sytem i inpervius ote ow of mater (pen system An open str one in which mater Bens nto o tof che system Most of therein system te ope yen Iolted Systm A est hat enthanges ner enengy nt mater with 297 ner sy ox wth de caviconment s hoown san ole ye ‘Adabatc tem An atic system Ise which 4 thea sted fiomlinsoemtinga Las ors ot eetuage bet wi fs tersnnge They cg: nk wh dg et tec open Intensive Property Ince prop i that propy which docs no peo ‘co te mas ofthe tan, eg, presi oe empere Extensive Property Extensive propery i led wih the mas of «yr (eg, vole or ene Prose Apacs tue uanety of mar which homogenanse tooo it stm! comparison sed pa rate omegeeain Stem A sti whit comin of ie ple em x omogencoa ptm: Bxampics rs mina hating ai plas ner vapor we love sb ov Bpepen us mene Heterogencous System A sytem which coms of two oe moe pases is ‘aed heeogeneous ste Exanpes fe, 2 mie Of ae ls We ls seam and x ps wate, ‘Ste Each tig eoodion ofthe stm on ote, : ‘lange anor an energy eanaer ata A proces ie lcated ys care om a Pol (quesire- me) gem ox TS aba serpertce-ent 9) “Digan, A'peocts bar a seu pots haeween he sting ola tod de cn pai A prceon bn wh Sh gaa le ig ‘yle Any processor eses of procentes, whore Fig ak Aprons ais cnt ner we ental cred or ple a Fontenot re Sconens rarely, CED revere racess An reverb process doe ot ce he sme path when + fexvon Beat low hays fom hoc co) Therma Equirer Ta cal llr, dhe experi wil he he sane seal pine tthe ro at dot atcha wis ee ‘ecrnil Equlirkey mecha eB, there 24¢ 90 nba ‘cece within dhe stan The preston Se yates ene tal pot aed dt eet gaan o chemi ein hi sn ce iim eee _eicTagreceairien A ten iin tesa iin Rae ‘thermal egitim, { inehanilequlibos, and he 2 Chimica sgpbeam er Qvessttcrrocess Qua means most. A qunstate process isa caled¢ sm rns pes cnn gases or Specfclst The speci hea of 4 os uy defined ste ee reed vo ane the tempers of at man of he 28 rowgh one Uerce For sod of rise wand specifi ha he het dQ teed oneence ihe vempence by oT, = meat Torn gs tu ipetichens a defied ESERIES Sees cloning wet, GQ 20 fora even cel pes at constant peer 22 0 224 for teers oc fow formes a coma teh “The vibes of and fo a peter ps aze conse, Flow of fat in aver wes proces ot coma presi, Qemgcetant Gee eaneeeeeeree eee eee OD nercmntinattargtemines Flow of heat in seve oa Bow proce wt coma vome met), ore gate and ary wit emperamre, bur sae arerage vals may be te oe most racial pposes, “The idonship eran he swe rei eats maybe shown ob shes Ris te i costne “Thera of thes wo opecc hss e dented by oy oul’ low se ha en ey of pert oman of abe acjont nf acer, “To eh chia Santon, et ws consis esting 1g of 4 peso ge a contanr value According the no How ery eto: 4Q=atar d= 0 vosame reas conan ‘Treefoe d2, Acconsant wolane of peer gut af 1g, o> yar “Therefore. 2 ~ de — 5 AP Iocogratog, ATK being the consent of izes) Fora perc gists aman that x= when T= |The nara energy of fg of «peter as i r ence Kis ar. T nar femcarsienesne ering CRD ternal bene fora eset ga of ras aie “Terao, or a pete gs paso ieee in ay process evessble ov irc) berucen estate Tand25 OT) “2 LEmalpy Bosinlpy, & deioed we she sam of ince ener nd the esmre-vline peodae e “eate a ‘The catty of eu he propery of thei since cons of the sum cor nsopee a he posto ho properties Since enalpy = pepeey SLE LERS ito both lw awed at nen Sow proceses “or eta of man, of a id ean be en 3 mauepy 0 ara perfec ga seing Fg (19, bate (2 mT 7 fom Ey C0) 0 sed = gT ao (ote ha sce ahs to Be sero a T= 0 heeft, b= Oat T= 0) Inch enti prtot the ietenh ens, scents sowed he concep of cncgyand sneha ay tn nr nod wo doe och cae SERS LG nce gy The Sin of ereoaynanss ‘Bary one semen thi ene lao oh psa reference oes ee) Siochane ergy, wos i eof erm oe ae hy srw ont a gpd i rg of (eae Cod sty tons radi a fae-far (eee snot sinctemny C89 1 maybe sen ha wlue of 20 (COP gg AF ae ee stile (COP) song get an oe were fpr hen for comple cyte refomancof Heat Engine and Revers Heat nine a Fig. 1.7, a heat engine is wed to produce maximum work from @ gwen co — eke ate gee soe res memo rn chess eg we Ae 1 RE be wore ee Perabmateanlel fs eee es SDR Ree asters t = See = (coh. = 7 a esr sean fon nae rp adres gine efore dicing the second ew Of tekmdymaicy ks highlight the shorcoming: of he St lw of erm Limitations of The Fest Law of Thermedynamlet + Teas been observed that eneay can ow na ptr in the for of et Ce weak The ft nw af thermedyramica nes ng tint wo Be amount of ‘he tual enn of the sam wich can be nud teow a ete Ai Simposed, however se teu of the pnt cca in te second bw of tse shich sates ha eel om arr oes oe ogy tsi a higher semperstce to another aa lmer tripe, vehete 0, “heat transfer frm the coll reserve = te net wok rans the eget For the severed best engine acing a Het pup, whea the porpose i setievematinnn ben ana oa hat rsrvs tbe meat of cess 2 {Sed the char of efron (COP) Kl ded ty te Z 7 (COP poe “9 where 0, ~ hese uaa the bot acre 1 she ne wea nsker to bet pp 1a hie shoe teense te appaton of the es law geste ron CER sytem of rea wanton OPT Or Somer ‘fm of at weed ad ie mechan! work Bet Soe not spec he ‘Tojdnes umes which onuson of et no wrk epi, nates te ‘SiSSsonin whic het eanfercan tae place Thigpen henge by ‘be eecnd nw of hemody a9) ‘There ae sr chisel statcmenes of the sso of thermodyaamin, aay own Kel ook vcore nd Ge sets cer PhS Ii apne coma op ich ve opening in yee produces ap ctr cit ocr ext ea oes age Sean Degen man of woe ap LD soncmasinatrngy tines ssn teen Kisnpossile ora ef acing machine working bc ‘e'cemey her fon boy 2 wee pesers ded by may cnet agen. oeoene Het fom 4 DOSY Repersane toa by sea tupher rpms Entropy Baroy it an eresie props of a sbanc andi descat y “5 Rite dca Soca sveble prowess acoman= with the escom -(2) oF) oe Tneemental eizpy = ao of heat change 0 abst empertre 1 snp ean cs het foe) pt Kevin. ora reverie proces f $, soa Sar the repeesre opie ate land al ates en he cae rep dcpeds te el a alse ony ar nox on he pth allowed peas isd s property Tian chngein nop when eH meatal serene change om Save to See Bt rf. ssertoph Process An icaopie eta eh ome dung wk htopy of the sytem romans | x Ses Tan be roel hat = Spee sabe Poco Deen poses ' aa Tepettireetp Deron onion fae pre nance Te ar Scemodmunse properies of (shane ae of shown 2 operieeenepy TD age shown in Bip 1.8 The eter anaphase sete sme al puss Tae Sgr a appr bce camotyle The Cacao ce, which works on vee ule wis sung by eee cglncse Sai Cots a I804. Any eld may be ese 0 Optate She Cao each pve ane sv Fe 1908 He [sued to Bow ie the der by he appeton a Het fom iene ore othe ofa heat dasing expansion ado Bow fom the ner he Siiiceie 5f katemperanaecnegyauce fo the bad dung eompeer0n. gu Forpmraure-envor arse ah i tomes carsemeensrdrangy CD “The folowing athe owe age of Cot eee Stage (ress 2) Hoe con source i applied Heat hen and be tt Spans chen solrrcatby a consant expen Stage: (Procese3-3) The inde bsomes« prfecrinmlaer so hat no eat ‘tow takes pce The Di expnds adabaealy and reverbly temperate fate soy fy oT, ‘Pheefne he proce an aesope or Capea genes ay eet a SARS oboe ce eas eee mee Stage 4 (Proce 41) Te cnr end eco psec inane zo tat sno hee foe occas The comprension i somtond adv and severly ‘ising whic pera rared fom 7.107, “The work dese by she eptan dang she cycle sepeented by the crcloved aren of the see Apa fora ond ele, cerdog to he ese ew oF ‘EStmodynumscn te work obo! equal he difrene beneen the st 2, ‘Shed bye touce wad ele, ete othe sk wa 2-0, “The thermal fie: Wor out Aca undersuel-2-9-4 _ Qn empl y tence ~ Aver wder are 2 eee ee ay weg @ gap ae The Cas yl i ed cnon Wing «rele beat age and camer be performed n psc Lica ofthe lowing canons, {eis enpone wo peor iene. severe process {ES Enponue we une bent estou txopeteepraen 1 A other procs can be seve ony i the pao moves Sry ‘wy allow some sine or heat uate wo hat he weet romaine Coon Aa asin prcensequesthe piston to move wpe fovha the ante ge due sash ier of tne able ‘The abate and Gorbernal proces ke plas dating ume ke, ‘ung che foo tone Pry sey fo de lat Of the mk {ial au rte soning pete the este. Ths creme van ‘moon ol the pate dasog ih sane suche sot posse ee CED emumetanstiny maenst Thengh spot a pac enge ee te cnezpanl ale ofthe Catnot geet estes te wenintn poe cae Ta ie eee tng werwcen Ty ae The Carot eye a be toght of as he me {Eikmthe capac cpt sowed hy aa! ews. Who the second ow of ‘eros ne hs hot athe apie ena het engine ean be wed to dor the Carer efoncy se the bmg le 0 he aeboma he heat we eabmoced lo F Solution Teens of soars T, = 500+ 273 = 778 “Temperate of ark T, 100 +273 = 373K Oona = 1 “Thermal efiency of the ever engine fom Bg L135 oe cong =H No im Bae (7, a neat teirgySener nd ecroity CHD s+ Hest expe, =2065 x Now hu see, 0, =, W = 2865-1 = 1.865 1 Thee the ate bis por KW ft ote Example 1.2 Solstion Ambineeapecnne T,= 40 #273 reer empentre T, [Rate of beat ake ito te fezee 2M/s ‘The weegeaza jl enor het nthe sae tthe tame te at which het leases (main coment temperta) ss = 21/5 Formiimim power rope, Qk continaously = 0.38 KW example 13 Soltion Hen oie forthe house, O,= 3 > 1044 ‘Work enpaie ro oper ths eat pam x10 yh a i ORD serecreronettnrgrtemures Hea shoveted rom the ob 3,2. ym (Preven B-Bs example 14 Solution Sppiy of enter Senree 1,2, = 100004) at T= 3204 273 = 593 2000 Kinin a7, = 65 6273 = BK ‘Tempera of euroanding F,= 35> 203 = 508K “Tac efiincy of te ano eine fm he io arc pre: Some 212 008 Source 2.m,= ones? ‘Work dense by Soure 1, = 1.000 088 = 4,900 min ‘Wok delve by Saute 2, (95884 W/m Therefore, Souce 2 wil pve leramouot of por (88 hog i eter ove) Rankine Cycle ‘The sackine eye x» vipourpower eee on the bass of tee nie) wo The ve one td {he owing proces Process 2 Revere lace expansion eodace operon proces 2-3 Constant eesure canes of hea in he condense, Seas coment tower apa eae 2, move Process3-4,Rereuble alba punping process where she system cps sone Bataan Howeres he work sic empard wOA Oo Fhe wrtind pecs ben he baer peste ow 120900 « 0088757 he ui (or sean eng) #9 = oe oe roast 4-1 Conan ptr ter of bet a he ble “Thermodynamic ages dutog ‘7-8 dagen pronin ip LAD Ge) The mena the dosed Loop 1 {epeent the beta ont "The clceney of « Rankine eycan be wren st tthe) ‘he Rankine cle ae show oa PLY and ao ‘pay she pumping pew ery salle compa to power joduced by srutine i o> Be Het a9, ete Roiecite Efectsof Operating Conditions an Rankine Cycle Efiency Raskin yc efceny canbe improved by + incense tempera which sea supplied wo he ubine 1D Sti e temponmre swe oeam ejected bythe bine cay, MD CD vonommentna ney hsess "hscan be ahi by making table change de condos ofthe baer ane condensce 1 erecng Soler Preare Inher Been observe tht by increstnghe bet vere foster eto seaiing the se) the eiaeney Hees Eat A hen [lop afie ching peak tle (of abou 4-6) abo 106 ba 2 Supemesting the Steam IF the sea is mpereated Before Senter the tating heey of the Renney nce her factor ering he ‘Sine ao Incest eof the tne Has ue fo sbeone Of Wot pee | eaucng te Condenser Presare Dy eedig the coadeaser pressure, the ‘esipermte te which heat meee can De edad, ox cresng the ermal eben ofthe tye Howes ts onda aa tree he conf fondeneaton penn “The clfency of the Rankine cee is ako improved by use of flowing sends (6) reperemve ed sing 8 eg cn (8 ing Beary poe “ype deta or a Rankine asd seam erie (al el Stim inlet empertice = SAC Stem ner penore= 1D am Drayton Cele The rayon cp iar powcr cc oa the bai of which sumed devs Gg: atin woe al ee ‘Thevarour componens snd the poet vad ins Bj je are shown ig L1G) Ber aan awoolig aad he weds at tempetnces wo ‘cet of SOO. Te expansion and Compression process af eveshle ad ERLE veut hee stton ad econ tke peo coms promure The ‘ereompenea picasa capi neg nebo: permis Te (Sina pr ne te tine felt hen cttnger whee te est ected ‘Eel de compreted by the compres to compl the ej He compres of {he flowing proces Process Reverb dnt (vento) conprstion, Hrs a work, ‘a secepnd bythe etm snp Process 3 Constant pena tater of hea 2, nthe combustoe Process 23 Revere adisaic expaason ia the bine, A wok 6 poked Dy dared of trey sioner CD Proes 3-4 Constan peste het op 2 hy the omens Thermadymanfs changes ding the Bryon ce are shown om PLT? an 1S ogre te Bg L11 Wyo) The aren vader he coed lop 1-2-3 ‘epresn the at wok pat (iP) Tae pores of Bean oye {Sh be improved by inst ogenerce beeen ce eet al ie ule for prchestig the compel gus crwth como The eee of Best eye be wens el as, where the campeon aso (andy the too te wo pci pei est tie a9 Tn Bruen ee she wor np ding compress gent aaa 4s the wortng Bad gu The emmpeeor ees sgh Sto he pomee ohecbytetrinmhnape meni tna a mie Passer | Toa Ranee eee ere pang powers ciple st wring dnp ‘oem (atachuncopesae) hang be comecn oping poco “ype das ors onl ted une (ol dy ‘Talet temperature = S409C “1425°C. : te pee 30 ser Eiiclng sae 3 Fes Watmerie Sein ce The Siig ce intro» Cate, pt at iat potrens a rpc bpo oot ohne penn AS ean oned ay wing hd Tye components ean Fig ‘ice ebSton mal open spew oman pecs Te ope oops ft owing pec = = LD nonemeeint tne Ramin proces-t The weg recess at constant valumein epee nc haga rom be orb deri fon we rces 1-3 To his process the working Mid receives het a constant gh) cotpetc a esp na tine prong ou proces 3:3 The working id oes eat at constant voime wo che As incom eatin ‘rocess 34 The working Mid is cmmprecea t constant Qu) camper and ene, iced ode aes “The hea earn egenerive ea changer accompli eee ty Sa Ste guce snl ibe The mai fico» Siig ere PADIS S'TeESinemgenenune of resonable sla whic cm opeate at FR SaSUISSS Sapble te her nick internal cormdnason egies The Sridticy os Saag jae pen ot ay ape era ine ed ps mi yu cae ape atse on esa seg ce “The pefocmince of vations dhecmesdynumic yeh can be_ compart gutsy ona 8 Suge showin Bg 113. These ingens ee ot dw RR onan oly heshape ne comngared Themen ete Sa eee ine ere lor lees cys Axe fs th he EUSSTSRL TEE ened by socal ad prods rsa outs Toe REESE fcc he est nach ae emaan neeees Phemain Aantamitoerrgsienc ws tareier £92 litton howene, i the des yf asta cen regener, pes in Ainge ee As ‘el i or peered ia lane poe ans dt ‘aly eter pracsca pobre The Ranke cle gene acer and ‘Suey ed duo ne penor over eee efency a component zc. SDures ‘ed ex the Inport nancomentandl ey ace nt Eee ; 11. What ic manne by renewable energy sources? ee. ee SRS rata 1 ong oven nenowr mete on ect SRE gimematemeree a cuenemn , PRES Se See renin EE Sate eT mange ES teas crc a ner deere ota arcmreaeas | ~ LD sencomesimateney toons -p anc wr tower ow ms ben ee 3eUaatic te Svcs ineas cory edd ona on weege somal a Rea et edt stage 430.Commant ante prowthof the ena sector in 23. Glnracian reenae tures eeng hance oe ln zs (ur Luo 203-0) ‘Sy an ceca Soe epee (very uetrow 0078) Problem 1. a he uot of eran Mat ae tye cnet of ¢ sa ts retigenaonapecycosokshopome nt SNe get diet corpse as oon satzo08sn) Okjectie type Qcations © poner nt tg oe 3 aon 18) ober of cher Bee pte (3 Spine day > ha per cpt cen vere osrgtinfnat Gp wcotyest sotwnyear & Soonwbeor posters 4. eh yar aed to be th tng ple or ge a pn of ene On © we me om 4 ymot te pacrtge se fo fe ate od consumption of owe Om Om Om Stpacceses BERET’ ey cremat (thems (0) seco seat eens CD 5 outlay cong anderen G) wiveRgrandonmonment eres 8 Se Serantecnony serene aiketeeare seemed @ Sn 7 cohwmmgr ay ae 1) Ralgesinenane ced ueto nue (SSSR TORE enact pon woe waste © Penn stapratr orden 8 Raat See etc pacer sod aseveey B SESS cite CP oontine OSM © woMnE BoM ‘wna peceage of fob fn ets anid Ose Oe tae a a ‘a atthe pote of pone genta tomreewnbi sors (Sacer Sie wf" oan a) hoon 1 Tum cent cpntremretemglbogelatecbseta BY ae terttandrne carey Echoing: (3 Morente ot sue fo nomaagrcore ose Poise Cae co) anny 1s he nacnuagofacarotce me (SMe se andes crsttrosere "ey impale ite inte ee G) SRemerest ees cece {3 Wnpoonrect tthe see apne decrees (QSAR oaatancicnaetne sone CED encom xonvemres ste omecan tense Ose ey Seat oar ay gota 19-Tae ma ce meno stem pe en () baame szssnoie aie ce cnermelemcney 8) SR cine caters Sahiba tomate B nmrtiteaoe Energy Conservation Gatroduction ‘power niply fora shor le, 94 mame ates OF ur Sy te are + js of ys gat dobar eI ‘riainerae apo first psa ebgomne cera sma a tht bres oe Das Mode OP) tn erp a ore ncremg wth covet per capt cxenre, osteo sen cer elon betwee SMT Ngee froononabs Sasanestos gestastaly omernion compres sheqstancacciendmnnsame sliion Roper crear eopeseeoe ‘ee peg ud cont ot ergy cng ts ry spar to cose rg 20 ‘tine on eet ar seohuprinmbosng oe tao seion Mag be {corer ve mes cower uso erty and OS sng Oe coer, [crane owarenee bout crongy conservation ath Dezember cher #5 Noda py Conarsn oy th doy ay tered Wt fet Ste ly santa ae ese inating net dna oper coeyy Salran one apes eee ergy cannon mare rducton ety consi ut wi maing ny SER gay oo hr me oa geting sh enstiie navies Ne {receploeieuspment armed ae reason of ony corarptan wit Fea uo oauestretots for eer contin teas meg Ezine Taormino nom teen my coanse owtnnes nd meleranctaitnewe on helonesy cose ence ‘Merecamenanns ts pvctadiniras epee LD sencomennna tay hoon (© Cotegoey A: Minor COs sce ae sey open orate mer erat ~ SS eg eh creme (i cotegoryB Meda ECO dun erent OS hy conn rang ations wesment crea Snes te (a category ¢ Mor Os jr cox prose sntcat eoenrcmeton opera, Mase ae NENG Sg So tree ert csan Stange pers snr moagenet bre paar dmc canting anon en agp ot Seem estar tig aes rr cat Sn ot Se ry cecinsna eer ery ul oe ee aes piesbrepa erage ar hn so eth reg era on pcan" nro cates he send and ptf ny re managed depend of ih the amet Setar ems manger ceovant ase manger 3h) Pe aaron 0) Serve nsnr ncn re tpn ear coemoon mans Net, me ents cup cone pers oer sean gsm Oe Seirigpt nnn tn See tn i ryt resto lec of fared aus be flowed ay abe SRT Sng Sct tna sone ore gues o pore Botte ek rene rtey co cplemere reeves onsale ad sere eter enews ery ros pee of a. ety ees oan iy ecard pine forte poi of eg ord eS te Sagres cncres tome shar Fe aon Shiaastachguvatoon) oct cnet Renney, GSetaasrem sever) oO nerremsereaion CED —— ‘SALIENT FEATURES OF “ENERGY CONSERVATION ACT, 2001” 201" Encey sonsernton iavlves al the secots of the economy. Auioagh de inperane of roegy eoaerton has bee discs for gate Meh Nic ltors generated ha been aged ad hal ested. These bap tko bien cho nope foc he manna anangemens whieh “endl devbe nataie imeives nd acon appepriote o ech 4st, ected byaane sunny power eforcemest Daring he Ninth Hive Your Phin, che ned for a enegy concern set wee hE Codeine te ttt poe of cagy savas wo wes of Rogen Cog a on age 2 cm “Wasp Consrvaton, Aen, 201, Ta Act prowsn the Iga Saneworky {tina serangernens ans estiny mcs at the cet and sae (Sel pba upon on cme clclncy ee inte county. That egies Nog cicit cocaine wo ne to emmgycomeumption sores te baligs (Sat de Egy Consarnson Bung Code an splances omer oer fertermance contmpden lvls The act proves lonpeange comsesnenes, Sitar appended below + Thecubihment of Barns of Eoegy Piceney (BEE) la place ofthe Dihcae Eacny Management Cente GIG) vo implement the peoeons Sesce + Deskeaton of ase os of woe of energy a designed conser 1 Bop own inion enegy comanspoe tania end ebeling for ‘Menus! npllances/epapene aod nore for indus peecesses ‘hey incre ates 4 Fortdon of energy compton ces 1 Disenson of tortion and be paces 1 BiShlanmen of an Energy Conscratinn Fund, bth atthe ceee o + Provison of pnuceandadjaeaton-o pends aude ffeeve dang Be Bae be pers the neue dag te pod would eon pean seins ing ence oriplemong eA 4 itm aaes fiance the evan of a selPepuaion sa Ba Sricaro epic on hee oon vas ew ev eneay ahd Sey ‘Sg dc commnartal concept te oration “The cea govsoment ha ens he BEE, with effect fom 1 March, ‘ade Parte, be proven of secon 1-2 and secans 6-82 ofthe Egy ‘Soecerion At ning ve cme int force om he ue “The presen: (gut 07 pret of power sating hou enemy comscrion nce tenn 20600 MR Tod pre eid ate te Nn LD sn ceniontnng rans: peo 7 MW. The th pln pd 000 THe Pe Dy ies tt ie Ge cant cre atom amily of merece Se cree ee ee ne ‘Sdlglosesantwiagey cmployngenengy keen ean of gnc nd lean of ancy Tho ave ees frat spec of eer conservator: (0 Feonomic Aspect (@ Reduction in Cott of Prout Enerey comerasion akanatey as 0 conti ane the como produc Feed Inseme energy tense ‘enter Se acc ahi, Cement ease, plp ed pa, te cont oF hong focme ogee pe of he oa eae of Se prod egy con 58 Peete de tol eon be peractin he eee indowtalcotorin nance, Eiineslow seta highs 6S. mao sue for god ence noc ting evry technol Thin wl rice the manag oe wd Tends prcduccon of cheaper nl ter quay joc sis eet Sy Tey th our comme! tl () New Job Opporntes Koay conerbon snialy pict nev ‘nme ip ame etcee coupes fo velo intiet one, ‘rong of enemy Smee ting f tanpowes fe The egy Trento ansehen oppor (i Environmental Aspect Every pe of eoepy_yeezon/uzaton pesca allece the nvsonons one ete ery tare Te Elec degainion oft crisnenr depends ron the pe St Paty hea source Abe dug overy cmcry-comroa sages prt cary eeepee {Oude sores adap vn novo bse. Tsesrgy pened ‘Sled ate expense of avene erskonmenta impacts Adon of nea ‘onuerenioe meno can nino hi damage (i) comereation of Newcomer Energy haze “The vat balk of energy wen the woe tay comes fe oss fk which aren ence Thee sso ee at down any malin 0 Fe 369 Tialme so being des long Ths fe, ponescuaile ect a Benge pry fe The nny of fe il tar hal crema re op one ‘Etat ectmaly sok the cath 1 slam to cece: Theefoe te pes ate Tun! gop we to cerehing ele We mu abandon wane prc a hem bial a onscre ds ctoasee by al ean a are enero . cnaercorsoraon CD PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY CONSERVATION 2.3 some gota pine of ene conser explain Bom (4) Reepelingof Waste Every Gnnhod products ania re depening ‘spon nema eaeay np ating proctom proven Po cope cape ‘tial han more pane cei dak he eerie atta a oe Iman the pope. Reducing the wate a recning the wef wit atc ty ts hxyeliag ca sae Ct lve enemy hic Saeed i prscng te rows the mate eas thee beset Q Saving of energy os Om ger) ‘heemergy spantin eechog tonya echon of the ceogy need easton (f fesh tater roms our Ths eceling saves hd rconres Past of egy tat has already ben spent vo pote doe hah ae i) Exton of | the une mount of ew fs) ruta flo placed.) tala ees Oe problem of waste diporalwagiane sree Reged huni ens ruil eof the ney ceded a mae he a in tne As place Recpling of ane suman can woul] ve eau ergy ‘na TV fr 3 hots opis serves or an example of putt eeelingconty Ba of we si ced an noes 9 of al newpaper ad () Moderization of Technology Devoe counts have hon able 6 seduce the eney casumptcn igucaiy compre te developing cunts Un adpting enegyetien oder eshokogy Por ntanc cay ose by che Taian tet 3.50 mon Kel pro which ne hs doable che amount edb Ta Jp whose around talon Cal pees Sy, In cae of the emer nanny the ney feguiranent wos ut to be aud 2 trlion KCl pes woot ent 095 alin Kaper wonge in USA and 689 ma Cal per sean in Ta. Mheetore modern enemy efcent eenlogy sh he ‘Sop by replcing/ eof ine edge netics eppnans, (€) Waste Heat Utization Vasous india procenes smite heat of

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