‘THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 23172 — BIOLOGY — Paper 2 (THEORY) Nov. 2019 - 2 hours Name Index Number .. Candidate's Signature Date Instructions to candidates (a) Write your name and tndex number inthe sp8¢6s provided above (Sign and write th dite of examination inthe spaces provided above. {e) This paper consists of two sections: A and B, {d) Answoralltho questions in section Ain the spaces provided. (0) In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 inthe spaces provided after question 8. (1). This paper consists of 12 printed pages, (G) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as Indicated and that no questions are missing. (h) Candidates should answer al the questions in English For Examiner's Use Only [section [ueston, | Maxim | Candas 1 3 2 8 A a 8 ‘ 3 5 8 . 6 20 20 Total Score | o0 —[ © 2019 The Konya National Examinations Count zie 919303 Turn overSECTION A (40 marks) Answer all the questions inthis section in the spaces provided. In an experiment to investigate the effect of sodium chloride onthe growth rate in a spinach seedling, seeds were treated with diffrent concentrations of sodium chloride. The results are as reeorded inthe tble below. ‘Concentration of Percentage of spinach seeds ‘Mean root sodium chloride (molt) | which started t0 grow roots Aengt (mm) 000 99.98 1730 | 006 98.20 15.60 012 320 1020 018 S40 760 (@) From the results in the table above, explain te effect of increasing the concentration of sodium chloride. ‘Grmarks) (©) Apart from a ruler, state two other equipment one would need to determine the rate of _rovth in the roo @marks) (©) With a reason, state one other part ofthe seeding the students would focus on to determine the effect of sodium chloride on growth. (marks) Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019 919303 23123 (©) State the likely effect on the seeding of increasing the concentration of sodium chloride © 220mol (1 mark) 2. The table below shows results of blood call counts per mn of blood from. living at different altitudes. sample of people [Redbloodcelis(x10) [48 [53 [67 [76 [847 [92 | White blood cells Gao) [045 [os [04s [as [oas [oas Altitude (seizes) 750 [1.500 |2,250 [3,000 [4,500 | 4,500 (@) Explain the relationship berween (redblood cells count and the alsiude; Gmaris) (i) white blood cells count and the altitude (marks) (©) Explain why chances of nose-bleeding increase with altitude in humans. (2 marks) Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019 ‘919308 2312 ‘Turn over3 (@) State one importance of iritailty to living organisms. (1 mask ©) Iman experiment, students treated seedlings as illustrated below. 1 1 ut Unidirectional —> Soutee of light —> Unaffected Decapitated Tip covered by tip tip an opaque ap (Account forthe observations made in seeding I Gmarks) (ji) Explain the similarity in the end results made in seedlings I and Ill. (2-marks) (ii) State the ikely treatment that would make seedlings I and I respond like seedling | (@ marks) Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019 919303, 23125 4. Incats, the gene for fur colour is sexlinked. Letter G represents the gene for ginger fur colour ‘while eter B represents the gene for black fur colour ina given et specis. These genes ae ‘odominant. Heterozygous females have ginger and black patches of fur and thei phenotype is described as tortoise shell (@) With reference tothe information given above, what is meant by the term codominance? (mark) (©) Explain why male cats with tortois-shell phenotype donot usually occur. (2-marks) (©) Atortoise-shell female was crossed with a black male, Determine the genotypes and phenotypes ofthe offspring (Smarks) Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019 919303, 2312 Turnover6 5. person accidentally touches a hot pan and responds as illustrated in the diagram below, @ © 919303 Hot pan Forearm withdrawn Explain how the response illustrated above occurs, (marks) Explain how auxins ae utilised as selective weed killers in agricultue, (2 marks) Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019 2312| 7 SECTION B 0 arts) Answer question 6 (compulsory) and ether question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question & 6 The table below shows the ate of product formation for two enzymes, H and J over a range of pl values | i 10 [20 | 30 | 40 [30] 60] 10] 80 | 90 [oo Racotpod tormion [345405 |aas|is0| - | - | -| - | - | - | Recopmraduettermation |_| _ | _ T150| 200] 300) 405 [235] 110] 60 (@) On the same axis, plot graphs ofthe rate of product formation agcinst pH. (8 matks) (©) Account forthe rate of product formation for enzyme H between: pH 1oana30 marks) ‘Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 2019 919303, 22 ‘Turnover© © © 919303 (i) pH3.0and70. marks) From the graph, detemin: (@)_thepHt value at which the rte of product formation of the two enzymes was the same (I mark) (i) the value ofthe rte of product formation for enzymes H and Jat the pH value stated in ()G) above (mask) (Gi) the optimum pH value for enzyme J (1 mask State one variable that may lead tothe change in the optimum rate of produet-formation ofthe two enzymes. (mark Suggest with a reason, the likely part of the human alimentary canal where enzyme H ‘would be found. (marks) Kenya Certfate of Secondary Education, 2019 2° 7. Giving examples, describe the following interactions among organisms (20 marks) (2) predator-prey () symbiosis (©) pasitim, ‘8. Explain the effect of increased physical activity onthe following organ systems: (20 marks) (@) heat (6) lungs (©) kidneys @ skin Koa Creat o Senay Eto 219 sises a tamer Od