Characteristics of FIA, Introduction to AJAX: AJAX design basics, AJAX vs Traditional Approach, Rich User Interface using Alax, jQuery framework with AJAX. a“ 2 43 44 45 Fich Internet Application (RIA)... 44.4 Characteristics of RIA 44.2 Advantages of RIA... Introduction to AJAX... 42.4 AJAX Design Basics 42.1.1. Design Pattoms of AJAX... 422 AJAX vs Traditional Approach Rich User interface using AJAX [Query framework with AJAX... 44.1. jQuery AJAX Introduction. 442 |Quoryajax() Method Multiple Choice Questions * Chapter Ends. AB 4-9 AZ, 413 413 4-13 415 418Internet Programming (MU - Sem 5 - Comp. © RIAs are web applications that have most of the characteristics of desktop applications, typically delivered through web-browser plug-ins or independently via sandboxes or virtual machines. ‘¢ ‘The term "rich Intemet application” was intrxtuced in a white paper in March 2002 byMacromedia (now merged into ‘Adobe. ‘© RIA is built with very powerful development tools which enable ito run faster. ‘¢ RIA provides users a better visual experience and more interactivity as compared to traditional browser applications which just use HTML and HTTP. © RIAs have always been about the user experience, it ‘enhancing the end-user experience in different ways. © RIAs can run faster and be more engaging. RIA is developed using various technologies such as Java, Silveright, JavaFX, JavaScript, RESTIWS ete. ‘© Rich Internet Applications (RIA) can ether run within a web browser with client-side scripts (JavaScript) and a browser plug-in or execute within a secure sandbox as desktop applications (c.g, Flash applications). © For example, when registering at a web site, a simple Validation ofthe username that tis an email can be done on the browser with a Javascript scrip, to give an interactive experience. Beiter still, users may remember search engines that support auto completion of search terms. Such ‘experiences are possible with client-side scripting. An RIA normally runs inside a Web browser and usually does not require software installation on the client side to work, However, some RIAs may only work properly with one ‘oF more specific browsers. ‘© For security purposes, most RIAs run their cient portions Within special isolated area of the clint desktop called a sandbox ‘+The sandbox limits visibility and access 10 the file and ‘operating system on the client to the application server on the other side of the connection ‘4 This approach allows the client system to handle local (New Syllabus w.e f academic year 21-22) (M5-67) Page no. (4-2) (Rich Internet Application (RIA) lowering the amount and frequency of client-server traffic, ‘especially as compared to the client-server implementations built around so-called thin cliemts. O® 53 RIA Tools allax Fig. 4.L.1 : RIA Tools 1. Adobe Flex : Highly productive, open source application framework forbuikding and maintaining expressive web applications that deploy consistently onall major browsers, desktops and devices. 2 OpenLaszlo : Open source platform for the development and delivery of Richfnteret Applications, consists of the LZX. programming language and theOpenLaszlo Server. 3. Microsoft Silverlight : Powerful development tool for ‘creating engaging interactive user experiences for Web and ‘mobile applications. 4. JavaFX : Software platform for creating and delivering ‘esktop applications. well as Rich Intemet Applications (RIAs) that can run across a wide varity of devices. "= Platforms of RIA 1. Adobe Flash, 2 sae! 3. Microsoft Sitvertight 4. AJAX a] 1. Performance - RIAs can ofen perform better than traditional spplications on the bass of the characteristics of network and applications, performance of secver also. improved by offloading possible processing’ work to the client system and ‘also perceived performance in terms of UI responsiveness ‘nd smoother visual transitions and animations are key activities, calculations, reformatting and so forth, thereby [Sat ot eye ie [al rech-Neo Publications, a SACHIN SHAH Venturearming (MU - Sem 5 - Comp, hes Fuchs etc ar pp te posible 0 use an RIA. An RIA plaiform let thet 5 seth the application without connecting to the { pore .gnchronizing it automatically When the user gos ive, nl consistency of look and feel - With RIA tools, the atc nt xen Wt ie wowace ipesing ems cn be mor cay cone an consistent. - _ security - RIAs should be as secure as any other web application, and the framework should be well equipped to enforce limitations appropriately when the user lacks the required privileges, especially when running within a sn cones ch eb Advanced Communications- Sophisticated communications wih supporting servers through optimized network protocols can considerably enhance the user experience. _ Rapid Development - An RIA Framework should facilitate rapid development of a rich user experience through its easy- to-use interfaces in ways that help developers. Direct Interaction - An RIA can use a wider range of controls that allow greater efficiency and enhance the user experience. In RIAs, for example, users can interact directly with page elements through editing or drag-and-drop tools. ‘They can also do things like pan across a map or other image: | Better Feedback Because of ther ability 0 change parts of ages without reloading, RIAs can provide the user with fast and accurate feedback, real-time confirmation of actions and choice, and informative and detailed error messaBes- | Improved Features - RIA allow programmers 10 embsl! varus functionalities in praphics-based wed pases Hs ok fascinating and engaging like desktop applications. RIA prove complex application sreens on wich YaFiou mi media, including different fonts, vector graphic and bitmap files online conferencing etc. are paused BY USi2g ee mmedern development tools. Putpage updating - RAS ctor additional technologies, such as real-time steaming, gs et pucines, and local ctl’ BES fect teens 4.1.2 Advantages of RIA ciple of RIA and run the they are connected 1 —the network: ok 1-22) (5-67) New Sytabus w.e academic year 2 Fall interactive experience : Unlike Web applications = provide page-by-page interaction and feedback, RIA provides full imeractive end-user experience. ‘A Comprehensive Solution : A comprehens end solution facilitating full interactive clients and a centralized managed server: A Single Unified IDE & Paradigm : The RIA is supported by a single and unified IDE and development paradigm for defining server-side and client-side logic ‘along with the user interface design. Automatic Logic Partitioning: The RIA deployment modules facilitate optimized automatic logic partitioning between client and server. jive end-t0- distributed Performance-Aware Development : The Rich Client Studio is a performance-aware platform for developing response-optimized applications. Native Look & Feel : It provides an automatic reflection of the native look and feel of the selected client machine. Browser free solution : RIA is independent of browser ‘vendors and browser versions. AJAXis an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. It is not a programming language. It is a technology for developing better, faster and interactive Web Applications using HTML, CSS, JavaScript and XML, © HTML : Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is used for defining the structure of a Web Application. © CSS : Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is used to provide Jook and style to a Web Application. © JavaScript : JavaScript is used for making a Web ‘Application interactive, interesting and user friendly. o XML : Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a format to store and transport data from the Web Server. It is a group of inter-related technologies like JavaScript, DOM, XML, HTML/XHTML, CSS, XMLHttpRequest ete. AJAX allows you to send and receive data asynchronously without eloading the web page. [Ral tech-Neo Publications... SACHIN SHAH VentureIntemet Programming (MU - Sem 5 - Come. '® AJAX allows you to send only important information t0 the server not the entire page. So only valuable data from the client side is routed to the server side, It makes your ‘application interactive and faster. "= What's the meaning of Asynchronous in AJAX? ‘Asynchronous means that the Web Application could send ‘and receive data from the Web Server without refreshing the page. ‘This background process of sending and receiving data from the server along with updating different sections of a web page defines Asynchronous property/feature of ATAX. 5 Benefits of Ajax 1. Using AJAX you can create better, faster, and. more user- friendly web applications. 2. Ajax is based on JavaScript, CSS, HTML and XML ete. So you can easily learn, 3. Ajx behavior and works is like @ desktop application. So ‘Ajax use for creating a rich web application. "= Working of AJAX It creates more interactive techniques for faster and more efficient web applications by using JavaScript, XML, CSS, and HTML. For various web applications, Ajax uses various techniques like this ‘¢ In Ajax, when the user needs to create content, XHTML is used while CSS is used for presenting the user request purpose; the document object model (DOM) and javascript both will be used to display the content dynamically. By using synchronous methods in web applications, information can be transmitted and received effectively, for example, when you fill a form and submit it. You will be automatically directed to the new server with that page information ‘© After hitting the submit button in the background, javascript sends a request, and with the response generated, it will ‘update to the current screen. In this process, the user will be "unaware of the background XML code requests. ‘© XML is used as a format to generate and receive the server data in any format. (New Syllabus we academic year 21-22) (M5-67) (Rich Intemet Application (RIA). ‘© While most of the web browsers are dependent on web server technology, it is independent of web server software, Fig. 42.1 : AJAX Working | Where to Use AJAX? Below mentioned are the places where Ajax is used. ‘Login forms : Eg: user can type their login credentials inthe original page form; their software will send a request t0 the server to logged in, and the page will be updated as needed. ‘© Auto-complete : When you run a query in the Google search bar with the help of auto fill settings, suggestions will be shown in drop down below ‘© Rating and Voting : The voting can decide the site's main content in web pages like Digg and Reddit by bookmarking them ‘© Updating with user content : When 1 user posts a tweet, it Will be added to their feed, and everything is updated. * Now itis used by tweeter to run their trending topics page ‘© Form submission and validation © It makes web applications quicker, and the numbers of responses are also reduced. © Lightboxes are used nowadays instead of pop-ups © Using Ajax with flash application "Examples of Ajax Application Given below are the lists of web applications that commonly use Ajax 1. Google suggests that auto-complete options will be offered while typing when a user enters the search query in the Google search bar. Suggestions given by Google can be ‘avigted by using operational keys. [hrech-neo Publications...A SACHIN SHAH VentureYahoo maps are easier While operating, oe fun. Tis Map uses Ajax to drag ose witout Using buon that Wl be at cage ote ser, Googe maps are general applications that use Ajax, realtime application in which the user can manipulate the data and change the view settings, Ajax directly works on a eb browser without any plugin installations. i Miosoft internet explorer used Ajax, but due to ity reliability, more web application like chrome, Mozil, irstly, only ete. sing this advantages of Ajax Advantages: Reduces the server traffic and increases the speed Itis responsive, and the time taken is alo less Form validation Bandwidth usage can be reduced Asynchronous calls can be made; this reduces the time for data arrival Disadvantages ‘Open-source newly created web browser. servers is not possible with Ajax. 4.2.1 Explain about the object that parts of a webpage without rel __ Page. AJAX Design Basics helps AJAX reload Joading the whole Wil gt exact idea about the working of AJAX. ‘An important role is played by the XMLHttpRe« AIAX processing. Request is sent by the user through UI Javascript call goes to XMLHttpRequest ject bing the XMLHttpRequest object the server Sylabus w.e f academic yeat 21-22) (5-67 Active x request is created only in internet explorer and a For security reason, you can only access information from the web host that serves pages. Fetching information from other AJAX uses the XMLHttpRequest object to communicate with the server. The Fig. 4.2.2 shows the flow of AJAX: Here you quest objet in (User interface) and the HTTP Request sent t0 © Now the server interacts with the database using any of the server side scripting language like JSP, PHP, Servlet, oF ASP.net, Browsor XMLHIpRoquest = Teo a ga3° I = Fig. 4.2.2 : AJAX Communication Data is retrieved fom the database as per the requirement. Server sends the data in the form of XML or JSON through the XMLHttpRequest callback function ‘Then the data is displayed using HTML and CSS on the browser. © AJAX Processing Steps and Ajax Script 1 GQ. Write steps to process AJAX. "© Seeps to process AJAX > Step 1: An event by the client is fired. ‘When an event is fired, a JavaScript method gets called, Example validareID() JavaScript method is mapped as an event 1] handler to an onKeyPress event on input form field. The id here is ‘myid” . > Step 2: An XMLHtipRequest objects created. haem This variable makes ATAX function ajaxFun()( Possible try ajaxReqObj = new XMLHtipRequest() Uf Opera 8.0+, Firefox, Safari [Bl rech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Ventureramming (MU - Ser es 2m 5 - Comp, ee ee 6 + The callback( function ig (ich Internet Application called by the a, ea the state of XMLElapRequest objet is changed to he veadyiate then the XMLHttpRequest object was conf feivoke all) the processReqFun() method Loe 1 55 spRequest object and qutsinpRequest object and processes theres ‘heres returned by the server i received by this function so eur procesing wil be done, Now se inthe given example, tis function will set message depending upon the eserves returned valve. pingrocenltogFan) { _poprendy State 200) ) Siep7: The HTML DOM is updated. Now this isthe last step. Here the HTML document will be ‘nated, Process will be as follows: + UsingDOMAPI, the JavaScript receives a reference to any element in the web page ‘oament getElementByla("serldMsg") 1° werldMg "is the ID attribute of an element present in the HTML document Using tavaScrpt, the atuibutes of element can be modified. The style properties can be modified or child elements can Pe ‘ued, modified or removed. New Sytabus wef academic year 21-22) (5-67) uuserMessageElement.style.color="green! ‘megText="ValidUserld’s ) ‘varmagBody=document.createTextNode(mseTex)s ise*MessageElement.childNodes(0]) If the messageBody element is already created then just replace it otherwise append the new Es _utetMessage Element replaceChild(magBody,userMessageEle ment.childNodes{0)s } lee { tuserMessageE.lement appendChild(mseBod); ) > es as aah GQ. What are two methods in ajax to update part of webpage? Describe them in deal ' ‘© In Ajax, we frequently want to update just part of a Web Module page, not the whole page 4+ Two methods enable ws todo this: the insertA djacent HTML meod, which ls us to insert HTML next to an element that already exis, and the insertAdjacentText method, which tes us to inser text inthe same way. Rican seaniinin Obes SITE tig (ci ce Aue i Seek yall lk sos ilactinia Ata De Dace MBE, ; toinser AdjacentTTML and insert Adjcent Tet i as aah achat ce i it ER HTML Tiniaip sate tin al tin, down Ryn ‘hon you ck the Yt, the ole ine a ow teat Bld err [Ral rech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Ventureich Internat Application (RA) Internet Programming (MU - Sem 5 - Comp.) £ L cote s) = © Here's how it works: clement with the ID div the application contains a

Updating part ofa page

.

© And that

element contains the button, which is connected toa JavaScript function named update:

‘ ‘© In the update function, we can call the

element's insertAdjacentHTML method to insert the textfield next to the element Updating part of page

(New Syllabus w.ef academic year 21-22) (M5-67) ‘+ Here's how we can insert the new text field after the end of the

element: ‘ ‘ © Using inserAdjacentHTML and insertAdjacentText, we can insert HTML and text into a Web page, adjacent to another Web page item. WS 4.2.1.1 Design Patterns of AJAX 1 GQ._ Explain the following AJAX patterns : 12) Submission Throttling 2) Predictive Fetch 3) Fallback patterns The thre important design pattems of AJAX are discussed below. 1. Submission Throttling * lretioving data from the server is one part of the problem sending data to server is another. * Science in AJAX page refreshes needs to be avoided, it is important to know when to send user data to the server * One approach that could be taken isto send data to server on every User interaction. But this results in a lot of requests submited tothe servers a short period. * In case of submission throttling the data to be send to the servers buffered on the client. * This datais then sent to the server at predefined times. Tech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Ventureyoo Perino 5 - Con ay from pe dele £O™ YPN t sending day i does't seem lke a delay 1 the ysen. qhen a client side funct the data. stcanbe sent at a predefined time interval, this determination depends onthe use case a ‘After the data is sent, the application i Continuous {0 gather |, Predictive Fetch Incase of traditional web applications, the application reacts only when there is an interaction, _ | This is called “fetch on demand”, server what data should be retrieved, ‘The user action tells the | Inthe predictive fetch algorithm, the application guesses what the user is going to do next and retrieves the appropriate data. | Determining the future action of the user is just a guess based on the user’s intentions | For eg: say a user is reading an online article of 3 pages. It can be assumed here that ifthe user is reading the 1 page for, few seconds, the person will also be interested in reading the 2 page. Hence the 2° page can be downloaded at the background before the user explicitly clicks on the ‘Next. + Therefore when the user clicks on next, the 2" page instantaneously appears reducing the response time. Similarly the 3" page can be downloaded when the user reads 2 page for a few seconds. This extra data being downloaded is cached on in emails. Ifa person starts to anticipate that the mail ‘address book so this ean Be the client * Some approach can be applied composing a mail, it is logical Would be sent to someone in the Preloaded and kept By using AJAX to fetch information text step, can overload the Server: "Therefore this algorithm has t0 be implemented eee He is Topical to assume that information will Be 13 ‘completing the user's next request 3. Fallback patterns * All the above methods work fine the server side. related to any possible ‘when it lem at when there is no proble oe i -22) (M5-67) | "New syllabus w.e.f academic Year 21-22) ( (Rich intornot Application (RIA))....Page Ne. ‘The following proble © The requestmight never make it to the server: © Anerror might occur at the server. Cancel Pending Requests © error occurs on the server like a file not fount or an internal server error, then it doesn’t make sense to trying again after a few minutes. * Such problems need an administrator to fi it * In such a situation all the pending requests are simply cancelled, © This can be done by setting a flag somewhere in the code that says “don’t send any more request”, ‘© This solution has maximum impact on the periodic refresh pattern Try Again + Another option isto silently Keep trying for either a specified ‘amount of time o a particular number of files. ‘© This problem is handled behind the scenes without generally notifying the user ‘© Unless the AJAX functionality is key to the user's experience, itis not needed to notify user about the failures. YS 4.2.2 AJAX vs Traditional Approach GQ._Draw the diagram of AJAX application model and ? traditional applications web model and compare 1 them. : (A) Traditional Web Applications ‘© Fig. 42.5 represents the typical model of client and server interactions in a traditional web application, such as one which includes user registration form, © In the first step, the form is filled by the user and then submitted. (Step 1) eA request is generated by browser and sent to server. The server receives the request and processes it (Step 2). After processing the request, a response is generated by the server and the response containing the exact page that the browser will render (Step 3) is sent tothe cient 4¢ This entire process forces the browser to load the new page (Step 4) and for the time being makes the browser window blank, [fal tech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Venturelnternet Programming (MU - Sem 5 - Comp.) Fig. 4.2.5 : Traditional Web Application © Remember that meanwhile the client has to wait for the server to give response and reloads the whole page containing the data from the response (Step 4). © Intime being when the asynchronous request is processing on the server, the user is not able to interact with the client web page. ‘© Frequent long periods of waiting impacts the site performance and led some users to refer to the World Wide Web as the “World Wide Wait.” ‘© Ifthe further user interacts with another form and submits it, the process is repeated (Steps 5-8). ‘© Basically this model was designed for a web of hypertext documents, '® As the web evolved into a full-scale applications platform, the model represented in Fig. 4.2.5 leads to regular pplication performance. ©The fulkpage refresh needs the users to reset their ‘understanding ofthe full-page contents. © Users started to insist a model which would generate the responsive fee! of desktop applications. (8) Ajax Web Applications { 6Q, Explain in detail AJAX Web application model with + neat diagram. © AJAX Web application model uses JavaSeript and XMLHupRequest object for asynchronous data exchange. ‘The JavaScript uses the XMLHupRequest object to exchange data asynchronously over the client and server, (New Syllabus w.e academic year 21-22) (M5-67) (4-10) "AJAX Web application model resolve the major problem of synchronous request-esponse model of communication associated with classical Web application model, which keeps the user in waiting state and does not provide the best user experience AJAX, a new approach to Web applications, which is based ‘on several technologies that help in developing applications with better user experience. It uses JavaScript and XML as the main technology for developing interactive Web applications. Browser Client Fig. 42.6: AJAX Web Application ‘The AJAX application eliminates the start-stop-start-stop ‘nature or the click, wait, and refresh criteria of the client- Instead of loading the Web page at the beginning of the session, the browser loads the AIAX engine waitten in JavaScript Every user action that normally would generate an HTTP request takes the form of a JavaScript call tthe AJAX Engine. ‘The server response comprises data and not the presentation, which implies thatthe data required by the client is provided by the server as the response, and presentation is implemented on that data with the help of markup language from Ajax engine. ‘The JavaScript does not redraw all activities instead only Updates the Web page dynamically WB rech-neo Publications...A SACHIN SHAH Ventureee nat rograming (MU - Sem 5- Comp) in JavaScript. it iS possible to Gin we tuitons even when the JavaScript as web server and the server is still w the background. When server comp updates just the part of the page client never has to wait around, That synchronous requests > forms and click made a request to the orking on the request in tes its processing, code that has changed. This way is the power of MAX Engine between the client and the apni application, _isespctive of the server. does asynchronous communica New Sytabus wef academic yeat 23-22) Page no. (Rich Internet Application (RIA). -omplete This prevents the user from waiting for the server 10 < its processing. “The AJAX Engine takes care of displaying the UI and the interaction with the server on the user's behalf In traditional Web applications, the synchronous mode of ‘communication existed between the client and the server as shown in following Fig. 4.2.7. User waits a the servor ‘completes the interactivity completes the Processing User waits til the server processing — Data Transmission Data Transmission is not restricted for us ol Browser User Interface meee / a Fig. 4.2.7: Synchronous mode of communication Since AJAX is essentially used fora partial update and asynchronous communication, the AJAX model used for programming and it ie with specific data exchange format, specific programming language, or the specific communication Higduile o\ oo | Laeaaty (M5-67) 4 [fal rech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH VentureInternet Programming (MU - Sem § - Comp) © Above diagram clarify that every user action generates an [HTTP request that takes the form of a JavaScript to call the AJAX engine. ‘© Responses to the user actions do not involve the trip back to the server asin the classical Web application model. Instead, the AIAX Engine handles on its own, such as data validation, some navigation and editing data in memory If the AJAX Engine needs something from the server, like retrieving new data or loading additional interface code, then the engine makes the asynchronous interaction with the server using JavaScript and XMLHttpRequest object for asynchronous data exchange. ‘©The engine's interaction withthe server does not interrupt the user's interaction with the application. In this way, the asynchronous communication is done with the help of the AJAX engine. ee Dol 4.3 RICH USER INTERFACE USING AJAX 16Q_ Explain in detail RUI implementation using AJAX 1 with neat diagram. : ‘The architecture of RU using AJAX works as follows. User ‘Web Server tion (FIA)).. (Rich Internet. (4-12) “The web browser uses HTTP to send request for a page to the server which responds to the request in standard manner. ‘At this stage, no mashup content is present when the page is first loaded by the browser. The browser downloads some JavaScript and the HTML forthe page. ‘The browser issues another request to the server for ‘additional content which is responded by the server in an asynchronous manner. “The server acts as a proxy and is responsible for forwarding requests coming in from the browser to the intended recipients. ‘Amazon receives a SOAP request. Fig. 4.3.1 shows that the architecture proceeds in further steps, where amazon responds the request with appropriate data, A REST request is forwarded by the server to Yahoo, which returns the response in an XML format ‘The web server then performs all the mashing operations, ‘combines the responses and then sends back to the browser in the standard format. MyMash P's, SOAP Request XML Response] Y#ho? Fig. 43.1 : RUT using AJAX (New Syllabus w.ef academic year 21-22) (M5-67) Ul rech-weo Pubications.A SACHIN SHAH Venturex san for "Asynchronous JeaScrpt and XML" foci cides fear of sed seacrsons Ip E ‘Sends tutp GET sre wing XMLEIRequest bjt. Ac i abut wing JavaScript file from the IS silty of JavaScript to send ayeshronous mp request ‘executes it, atthe xl data. 28a response (also in othe formats) sod a pa 2 eh pe ig I ie ea sponding or refreshing entire web Page, DOM element(s)- we very Hoary inclines various methods to send As re these methods internally we XMLHupRewest | yy 4.4.2 JQueryajax() Method JavaScript. ‘The following table lists all the Ajax performs an AJAX ject of 3: aoery Alex Methods creer aante a a tea ne eae he See a a ie ee le Ses em “oe serve is deft values “applcation/s- www frmurlencoded” (KMLHtpReavest) ‘oud be a string, an array, oF 8 JSON objectInternet Programming (MU. Name Value ce eror(xhr, status, error) Ttis a callback function that gets executed when a request fails It accepts three arguments, Tis a Boolean valve. Its default valve is true. It represents whether to tigger a global AJAX event handler ‘a oF ot aan Tis a Boolean value. Its default value is false. It specifies a request to be successful i the response has changed since the last header. a It isa sting that overides the callback function name ina jsonp request. sonpCallback itis a string that contains the name of the callback function for ajsonp request. password Is used to specify a password that i to be used in an HTTP access authentication request processData tis a Boolean value. Is default value is tre. It is used to specify whether or not the data seat with the request should be converted into query string, seriptCharset It specifies the charset for the request. It applies only when the “script” transport is used. success(result, statu, xhr) As its name implies, this callback function executes when the request succeeds. It accepts three arguments, Its the timeout for the request in terms of milliseconds. If itis set to the value 0, it means that there is no timeout timeout traditional Ttis Boolean value. We can stit to tre if we want o use the traditional style of param serialization. ype 1k specifies the typeof isp request, such as POST, PUT, and GET. Its default vale is GET. laa tis the URL to which the request is sent. Its default valve is the current page. sername tis a username thai to be used in an HTTP access authentication request. she tis callback function that is used for creating the XMLHtipRequest objec. Example test.html_ ‘¢ First, we have to either download a jQuery library or find a link of jQuery’s latest version by going to its official website. | Example].html

Hello World

!DOCTYPE html> : 3S ‘© Second, we need to create an HTML document, including the + Query library ‘ © Then, within the ‘ Output Important Note2 ‘To: Sania Mires From: Serena William ‘Message: Don't forget me this weekend! or ear ye 2a >>| 5.6 XML PARSERS ‘An XML parser isa software library or package that provides interfaces for client applications to work with an XML document ‘The XML Parser is designed to read the XML and create a way for programs to use XML. XML parser validates the document and check that the document is well formatted. ‘The parser aims to check the syntax for a well- defined file and it is used all round in the software. = kK: If user simply copies an XML file, then each program had to.all parser to read the XML. ‘The parser reads the document and analyses the structure of ‘the document and data properties fech-Neo Publications...A SACHIN SHAH Venturemo. mp.) Internet Programming (MU - Sem % 5.6.1 How Does XML Parsers Work? ‘© The main job of an XML parser is to access or modify the data in the document, The parser contains installed software packages forthe client applications to interface with and also ‘does the validation process of the XML Documents. Here the ‘component parts are compared with the DTD or schema pattern for checking. ‘© It triggers the event when it finds opening and closing tags in file while parsing line-by-line. Parser covers two sections: & Jexer and parser, A lexer takes input characters from the file and produces tokens lke (<, > and tag names) ©The parser takes this token and constructs a tree-based syntax with respective to grammar With DOM the whole document is read, while in case of SAX parser reads node by node and throws parsing events “The Parser could be categorized as validating and non- validating ‘* Validating Parser : It needs a Document type Declaration to parse and gives an error if the respective document doesn't ‘match with DTD and constraints. © Non-Validating Parser : This Parser eliminates DTD and the parser checks for the well-formed document. 5.6.2 Types of XML Parsers These are the two main types of XML Parsrs: DOM 2. SAX DOM (Document Object Model) ‘A DOM document is an object which contains all the information of an XML document. It is composed like a tree structure. The DOM Parser implements a DOM API. This API is very simple to se, 5 Features of DOM Parser ‘A DOM Parser creates an internal structure in memory which is a DOM document object and the client applications get information of the original XML document by invoking ‘methods on this document object, DOM Parser has a tree based structure (New Syllabus w.e.f academic year 21-22) (M5-67) 0. (5-16) (Web Extension: PHP and XML). 1 advantages 11 supports both read and write operations and the API s very simple t use, Iti preferred when random access to widely separated pats of a document is require. Disadvantages It is memory inefficient. (Consumes more memory because the whole XML document needs to load into memory). Itis comparatively slower than other parsers. SAX (Simple API for XML) 'A.SAX Parser implements SAX APL. This API is an event ‘based API and Jess intuitive. 5 Features of SAX Parser It does not ereate any intemal structure Clients does not know what methods to call, they just a overrides the methods of the API and place his own code inside method. 3, It is an event based parser, it works like an event handler in Java. = Advantages 1. Itis simple and memory efficient. 2. _ Itis very fast and works for huge documents. «= Disadvantages 1. Itis event-based so its API is less intuitive, 2, Clients never know the full information because the data is £ GQ. Explain XSL and XSLT with broken into pieces. XSL stands for EXtensible Stylesheet Language. It considered as same to XML as CSS is to HTML, "= Need for XSL In HTML all tags used are predefined such as font, body, heading etc. and browser has knowledge of adding styles them and display them to the end user with the help of CSS styles. This is not same in XML as it consists of user defined tags Tech-Neo Publications... SACHIN SHAH VentureInternet Programming (MU - Sem 5 - Comp.) ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ “ lelass> > Step 3: View the XML Document in a browser >o_5.8 XSLT ELEMENTS AND ATTRIBUTES _ 2 ee ee 5.8.1 XSL: cemplate ‘©The element defines an output producing template. This element must have either the match atribute or the name attribute set, "= Attributes Attribute ‘Specifies a pattern that determines the elements For which this template should be used. It is a required attribute if there is no name attribute. Match name | Specifies a name for this template, by which it can ‘be invoked through the element. Specifies a particular mode for this template, which ‘ean be matched by an attribute of the clement. This is useful for processing the same information in multiple ways. Specifies a numeric priority for this template, This can be any number other than Infinity. The processor uses this number when more than one priority template matches the same node. %® 5.8.2 apply-XSL : template ‘The element selects a set of nodes in the input tree and instructs the processor to apply the proper templates to them. (New Syllabus w.ef academic year 21-22) (M5-67) [al rech-neo Publicatons..a SACHIN SHAH Ventureprogramming (MU -Sem 5 -Comp) ig mitributes 5 syntax cee = ‘ eect | Uses an XPath expression tha specifies the nodes | | “¥ Attributes to be Procsied. An ateist®) selects te ene | | PRE pase node-set. If this atribut is nt set, ll child nodes bee ofthe current node ae selected, ee ae cz Made If there are multiple ways of processing defined forthe same node, distinguishes among them, stylesheet © syntax © Attributes 3.5.8.3 XSL: import ‘4 The element isa top-level element that serves to por the contents of one stylesheet into another stylesheet. 4+ Generally speaking, the contents of the imported stylesheet ‘have a lower import precedence than that of the importing ‘axskimport href=URI /> ‘Description — ‘Specifies the URI ofthe stylesheet to impor. © syntax + The element invokes a named template pame=NAME> > [optional] %® 5.8.6 XSL: element ©The custelemen clement creates an element inthe ouput document "syntax “ ‘TEMPLATE == Attributes Description, ‘Specifies the desired name of the output element. ‘The name must be'a valid QName. Attribute ‘Name Specifies the namespace of the output element. ‘A. whitespace-separated list of attribute-set clement names to be applied to the element element's output element. Applied attributes can bbe overridden via nested attribute elements. XxsL attribute Explain the folowing elements wrt XSLT with an t ena 1 Module (6a © xsl:attribute ‘¢ The element creates an attribute in the output, document, using any valves that can be accessed from the stylesheet. ©The element must be defined before any other output document element inside the output document element for Which it establishes atribute values. ‘+ Butit may be after or inside elements that won't be part of the output like or et). ‘Tech-Neo Publications...A SACHIN SHAH VentureInternet Programming (MU - Sem 5 - Comp.) © Syntax ‘ ‘TEMPLATE, "3 Attributes Attribute Description Name Specifies the name of the attribute to be createdin the output document. The name must bea valid QName. Namespace | Defines the namespace URI for this attribute in the output document. You cannot set the related namespace prefix with this element. % 5.8.8 XSL: attribute-set wagegaaias seen following elements wrt XSLT with an © xshattribute-set © The cxskattribute-se> clement creates a named set of tributes, which can then be applied as whole to the output document, in a manner similar to named styles in CSS. = syntax ‘ ‘ ‘ = Attributes Attribute Description Specifies the name of the attribute set. The name ust bea valid QName. Name attributesets Builds an attribute set from other attribute sets ‘The names of the contributing sets must be separated with whitespace characters and must not directly or indirectly embed themselves. (New Syllabus w.e.f academic year 21-22) (M5-67) : This tag is used to apply templte repeatedly for each node. © Declaration Following isthe syntax declaration of elemest © attributes Attribute Description Select It's expression of XPath to be evaluated in current context to determine the set of nodes 10 be iterated. For example you can again see the studeatsxml and students xs1 files Walrech-neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Venture4 Programming (MU - oe Som 5 Comp B emis @¢ Declaration cexsl:sort>: This "98 8 Used 0 specity a sog ori Following isthe symax declaration o ct son, Galo lect = string-expression ung = { nmtoken } dsstype = ("tex | “number” | QName } onder = { "ascending" | “descending” } element. Page no. (5-21. (Web Extension: PHP and XML), ‘ isskson> | © Attributes ‘Sfaalsternplale> f jeans Description Ostpet select Sorting key of the node. Open the students.xml file | Sorting Key ofits ai anew] |g Language alphabet used to determine sort | onder. | datatype Data type ofthe text | order Sorting order. Default is “ascending” |easeonder | Sorting onder of string by capitalization Default value fort "upper-first ' Example Consider previous students xml file. re Yow we will create students.als file to use the tag, ‘This tag is used to specify conditional test against < = Se > Module sti 5 ‘Sbody> . © Attributes — ‘St3>Students Stable border = "2"> Attributes ‘Name & Description Strbgeolor = "lightgray" > Test the xml data to test. ‘Sth>Roll_No “First_Name ‘Sth>Last_ Name ‘Sth> Marks She> ee ———_— Gea. a 5-67 [fel rech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Venture ar 21-24 New syllabus wef academic Yoyamming (MU - Som - Comp.) a is embeded with HTML. and used tg sion tracking ete, handle ie database, ip is compatible with maximam of current advanced dames ike Onele, MySQL, Sybase, Poses iosott SQL Server and Informix, : puis an object-oriented language pris an open-source scripting language, 1 pissimple and eas oar langage AHP file contains PHP tags and ends with the extension «ste 4 PHP scripts can only be interpreted oa serve that has PHP installed. The client computers accessing the PHP scripts require a web browser only. 33. 5.9.2 Why use PHP 1 PRP is a server-side scripting language, whichis sed to design the dynamic web applications with MySQL database 4+ PHPis opensource and fre. 4+ Th handles dynamic content, database as well as seision tacking forthe website. + You can create sessions in PHP. 4 Itean acess cookies variable and also se cookies 4+ helps to encrypt the data and apply validation 1 UIP support several protocols such s HTTP, POP3, SNMP, LDAP, IMAP, and many mor. + Using PHP anguage, you can contol he wser to aces some pages of your website. + As PHP is easy to install and setup his i why PHP is the best language t0 lear. - PHP can handle the forms, such as - collect the data from teers using forms, save tint the database, and eur wef information to the user. For example - Registration form. + pup crm; thin means you can deploy your Te abe of feet oper sem == 28 windows, Linux, Mac 0S ae * Large community document ‘the main reason °\5.9.3 PHP Features PAP isa popular ng nee Popular rogram ei ee of PHP's mos 4 open source nature. The followin ‘Sena featres. oe year 21-22) (M5-67) Mew sytabus wef academic Fig, 59.1: Features of PHP 1, Performance PHP scripts are considerably faster to run than scripts writen in other languages like JSP and ASP. PHP utilizes its own ‘memory, which reduces the servers workload and loading. time, resulting in quicker processing and better performance, 2. Open Source PHP source code and software may be found on the internet for fre. You may build all versions of PHP according to your reeds without having 10 pay anything. It's whole set of components is available for free download and use. 3. Familiarity with syntax PHP has easily understandable syntax. Programmers are comfortable coding with it. 4, Embedded PHP code can be easily embedded within HTML tags and script. ‘5, Platform Independent can be easly executed in other OS also. 6, Database Support PHP supports all the leading databases such as MySQL, ‘SQLite, ODBC, ete 1. Brror Reporting PHP has predefined error reporting constants to generate an error notice or warning at runtime. E.g, E_ERROR, E_WARNING, E_STRICT, E_PARSE. [al rech-Neo Pubii jons...A SACHIN SHAH VentureInternet Programming (MU - Sem 5 - Comp. > 8 Loosely Typed Language PHP allows us to use a variable without declaring its datatype. It will be taken automatically at the time of ‘execution based on the type of data it contains on its value. ) 9. Web servers Support PHP is compatible with almost all local servers used today like Apache, Netscape, Microsoft II, ete. > 10. Security PHP is a secure language to develop the website. It consists cof multiple layers of security to prevent threads and malicious attacks > 11. Controt Different programming languages require long script or code, ‘whereas PHP can do the same work in a few lines of code. It ‘has maximum control over the websites like you can make ‘changes easily whenever you want. > 12, A Helpful PHP Community thas a large community of developers who regularly updates documentation, tutorials, online help, and FAQs. Leaning PHP from the communities is one ofthe significant benefits. 5.9.4 PHP Syntax ‘GQ. Explain the basic structure of PHP program with an. example. +A PHP script is always executed at server side, and browser get the plain HTML result in response ‘©The location of PHP Script can be any where in the document ¢ The PHP paring engine requires a method to distinguish PHP code from other script in the page. This is called as “escaping to PHP. © The PHP script stats with ‘© “phps the extension for PHP files. © APHP file is combination of PHP script with HTML tags. We will see as imple example of PHP, which has used the built in function echo () to output the text “Welcome To the World of PHP” on a webpage Example: Write a program displaying sample message. (New Syllabus w.ef academic year 21-22) (M5-67) First PHP Seript ae ‘

First Example ‘ ‘ ee ‘ Note : PHP statements end with semicolon( Output First Example ‘Welcome To the World of PHP B 595 Comments in PHP ‘* Accomment i justin formative text which is not executed. © Comments can be used to: © To give details of program elements tothe reader. ‘© Remind yourself of what you did sometimes we may forget what we were doing or what the purpose of specific entity is. Tech-Neo Publications...A SACHIN SHAH Venturei comments in PHP pOCTYPE buml> ts ‘eee 3 5.9.6 PHP Case Sensitivity ring efements ke if eS * In PHP, the built in propri ser dined cements A while, echo, functions, casse* (Web Extension: PHP and XML)._.Pags = are valid. "5 Case sensitivity in PHP < ‘ ‘