COMMUNITY MEDICINE VAVAS QUES TION BY OR NAVSESD AHMSD PANHWAR 45COMMUNITY MEDICINE VIVA CHAPTER NO :01 BASIC DEFINITIONS 1. What is community Medicine ? Ans. A system of delivery of comprehensive health care to the people bya health team in order to improve the health of community 2. Whatis preventive medicine? Ans. The science and art of preventing disease ,prolonging life and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency 3. what is public health? Ans. The science and art of preventing disease ,prolonging life and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency Through organized community efforts for The sanitation of the environment Organizing the medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis, prompt treatment of disease and prevention of disease 4, Whatis Program Ans. On going activity which is carried out for an indefinite period of time till the achievement of objectives according to the specifications 5, Whatare the types of program ? Ans. Vertical and horizontal Program 6. Whatis Community Diagnosis? Ans. Identification and quantification of the health problem in a community 7. Whatis Integrated Health service ? bringing together all types of health services to the community 8. Whatis Target? Ans. Discrete activity that permits the concept if degree of achievement 9. Whatis illness?Ans. Equilibrium b/w body and it's functions are distrubed and is aware of his state of being unwell is called illness 10. Whatis disease? Ans. Itis a condition in which body health is impaired. 11. Whatis eradication ? Ans. Cessation of infection and disease from the whole world 12. Disease which are eradicated ? Ans. Small pox on 08-05-80 13. Whatis natural history of disease ? Ans. Course of a disease process without any intervention 14, Whatis ecological Triad /Epidemiological Triad? Ans. Host, AgenT & Environment 15. Whatis incubation Period? Ans. Period of time b/w Entry of disease agentinto host and appearance of sign and symptoms 16. Whatis Disease Agent? ans. Substance, living or non living or a force tangible or intengible ,the excessive presence or relative lack of which may initiate a disease process 17. Whatare the levels of prevention? Ans. Primodial, primary, secondary and tertiary 18. Whatare the principles of comprehensive health care? Ans. Availability , accessibility, affordability & acceptablity CHAPTER NO :02 CONCEPT OF DISEASE & HEALTH 1. Whatis health? Ans. Health is a state of complete physical, mental , social and spiritual well- being2. According To W. H. O definition of Health? Ans. A condition or quality of Human organism expressing the adequate functioning of the organanism in given conditions, genetic or environmental 3. Whatis difference between illness, Sickness and disease ? Ans. illness = Equilibrium b/w body and it's functions Sickness = State of social dysfunction Disease = Condition in which body health is impaired 4. Whatis spectrum of disease?. Ans. Graphic representation of variations in the menefestation of disease 5. Whatare the mortality indicator? Ans. Crude death rate, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, child mortality rate 6. Whatis Sullivan's Index? Ans. Expectation of life free of disability CHAPTER NO:03 EPIDEMIOLOGY 1.Whatis epidemiology? Ans. Study of distribution and determinantes of health related states or events in specified population and application of this study to the control of health problems 2. Whatare the components of epidemiology? Ans. Disease frequency, disease distribution and disease determinant 3. Whatis Rate? Ans. Measures the occurrence of some particular eventin a population during a given time period 4, Whatis Ratio? Ans. Relation in size between two random quantities 5. Whatis proportion? Ans. Itis a Ratio which indicates the relation in magnitude of a part of the whole6. Whatis Case Fertility Rate? Ans. Killing Power of disease or Ratio of Death to cases 7. Whatis confounding factor? Ans. Factor that is associated with exposure and disease 8. Whatis morbidity? Ans. Any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological well being 9. Whatis incidence?. Ans. The number of new cases occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time 10. Whatis attack Rate? Ans. Itis an incidence rate usually expressed as percent, used only when the population is exposed to risk for a limited period of time 11. Whatis secondary attack rate? Ans. Number of exposed persons developing the disease within the Range of incubation period 12. Whatare the uses of incidence Rate? Ans. Controlling of disease, research into an etiology & short term planning 13. Whatis prevalence? Ans. Number of all current cases (New & old ) existing ata given pointin time or over a period of time in a given population 14. Whatis discriptive epidemiology? Ans. Description of the occurrence of disease in a population in terms of time place and person distribution 15. Whatare the types of Trends or fluctuation ? Ans. Short term, periodic & Long term or secular16. Whatis short term fluctuation? Ans. The best known short term fluctuation is an epidemic 17.Whatare the types of epidemic ? Ans. Common point source epidemics ,propagated & slow epidemics 18. Whatis secular trend? Ans. Progressive increase or decrease over a long period of time generally several years or decade 19. Whatis Matching? Ans. The process by which we select controls in such a way that they are similar to cases with regard to certain pertinent selected variables 20. Whatis Case? A person who has the particular disease, Health disorder or the condition under investigation 21. Whatis relative Risk? Ans. The ratio b/w the incidence of disease among exposed persons and incidence among non exposed persons 22. Whatis odds ratio? Ans. Indirect measure of the strength of association between risk factor and outcome 23, Whatare the steps of Cohort Study? Ans. Selections of study subjects Obtaining Data on exposure Selection of comprison group Follow up Analysis 24, Whatis relative risk? Ans. Direct measure of the strength of association between risk factor and outcome25. Whatis attributable Risk? Difference in incidence rate of disease b/w an exposed group and non exposed group is called attributable risk 26. What is Randomization? Ans. Itis statistical procedure by which the participants are allocated into groups usually called study and control group 27. Whatis Epidemic ? Ans. The unusual occurance of a disease in a population in excess of its expected frequency is called epidemics 28. Whatis Bias? Ans. Any Factor which adversely affects the outcome of study Or Any systematic error in the determination of the association between exposure and disease CHAPTER NO :04 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE 1,.Whatis infection? Ans. The process of introduction of micro-organisms into human host followed by their multiplication within the body at the expense of the host 2. Whatis infestation? Ans. State of having a parasite in or on the body 3. Name the infectioos disease? Ans. Cholera, measles, tuberculosis and chicken pox 4, Whatis outbreak? Ans. Sudden increase incidence of disease 5. Whatis Endemic? Ans. Constant presence of a disease Or Infection agent within a given geographical areaOr Population group without importation from outside 6. Name the vertical transmission agents? Ans. TORCH toxoplasma gonadii Others (Hepatitis B, AIDS, Syphilis) Rubella virus Cytomegalovirus Herpes virus 7. Whatis Generation Time? Ans. Interval between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of host 8. Whatis Quarantine ? Ans. Measure directed towards the isolation of healthy traveller 9. Whatis Disinfection? Ans. Destruction of infecting agents (Pathogenic Organism outside the body 10. Whatis Biostatics? Ans. Basic science of collection, analysis, quantification and interpretation of Data in relation to vital events 11. Whatis Data? Ans. Collection of observation in a scientific way 12. Whatare the functions of biostatics? Ans. To find the nature and extent of illness in the community To find out the causation for the existence of health problems To find out the success or failure of various health measures To research purpose to decrease IMR at BHU 13. Name the qualitative data/Catagoral ? Ans. Nominal data = Data divided into groupsOrdinal data = Data in some order or Rank 14. Whatis Histogram? Ans. Pictorial diagram ofa frequency distribution table 15. Whatis standard deviation?. Ans. Measure of dispersion around mean 16. What is Mean? Ans. Value which is obtained by dividing the sum ofall observation by their total number 17. Whatis co-efficient of variation ? Ans. Standard deviation expressed as percentage of mean 18. Whatis voil? Ans. Voil confains more than one doses of vaccine 19. Ampoule Ans. Ampoule contains only one dose of vaccine 20. Whatis screening? Ans. The search for unrecognized disease or defect by means for rapidly applied tests, examinations or others procedures in apparently healthy individuals 21. Whatare the uses of screening? Ans. Case detection Control of disease Reaserch purpose Educational opportunities 22. Whatare the types of screening? Ans. Mass screening High risk / selective screening Multiphase screening23. Whatis sampling? Ans. A process of taking a portion from whole, with all its inherent qualities 24, Whatare the types of sampling? Ans. Probability & Non probability sampling 25. Whatis demography? Ans. Science of population and mathematical knowledge of population changes and is concerned with size, structure ,distribution and changes in population 26. Measles combine with which vitamins ? Ans. Vitamins A (Prevent from blindness) 27. What is growth rate? Ans. Rate at which a population is growing Or Difference b/w crude birth rate and crude death 28. Whatis demographic transition ? Ans. Moving from a stage of high birth rate and a high death rate to a low birth rate and a low death rate is called Demographic Transition 5 stages of demographic cycle 1.1st stage is high stationary 2.2nd stage is early expanding 3.3rd stage is late expanding 4. 4th stage is low stationary 5.5th stage is declining stage 29, Whatis density of population? Ans. Number of persons per square mile 30. What is demography? Ans. Scientific study of humen population 31. whatis PHC ?Ans. Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community 32. Whatare the components of PHC? Ans. Promotion of food supply, water supply and sanitation Education about prevailing health problem and method of preventing and controlling them Promotion of mental health Immunization Mother child health & Family planning Provision of essential drugs Treatment of common disease and injury Control of local endemic disease 33. Whatare the principle of PHC? Ans. Equity , community participation, intersectorial co-ordination & appropriate Technology 34, Whatare the uses of water? Ans. Domestic, industrial, public and agricultural 35. Whatare the Classification of water? Ans. Potable water Clean water Polluted water Contaminated water 36. Whatare the major sources of water? Ans. Rain water Ground water Surface water 37. Whatis reproductive health? Ans. A condition in which the reproductive process is accomplished in a state of complete physical, mental and social well being38 what are the components of reproductive health Ans. Safe mother hood Fertality regulation Infertility STD infection Malignancies of reproductive tract Neoborn care 39. Whatare the pillar of safe motherhood ? Ans. Family planning -> Antenatal care -> clean and safe delivery -> essential obstretric care 40. Whatis family planning? Ans. Way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily upon the basis of knowledge 41. Whatare the uses of epidemiology? Ans. To study history of disease Community diagnosis Planning and evaluation Evaluation of individuals risk and chances Syndrome identification Completing the Natural history of disease Searching for cause and risk factor 42. Whatis descriptive epidemiology? Ans. Description of the occurance ofa disease in a population Unsolved Vivas Questions Comunity medicine definition Health Epidemiology and its typesIncidence Prevalence Cross sectional studies Hepatitis B and C transmision Treatment Which one is more dangerous and why Why polio can'tbe eradicated? Diseases transmitted through intestine Sampling types Whatis snow ball sampling Whatis Bell shaped curve What is purpose of research Whatis descriptive study Mean? Median? Mode? Which one we use frequently?and Why? Whatis leishmaniasis? Types of Preservation of food Demographic transition Role of male in family planing Safe motherhood pillar Epidemiology Determinents DistributionSubhany Shuru waran numbers laye(131 onwards) Is Family Planning part of reproductive health ? Yes What other things you study in reproductive health, ? Male female reproductive systems? What changes surprise you at the time of maturity? (The Secondary sexual characteristics and Nocturnal secrtions etc) What you do to avoid such surprises? Reproductive Health Education. Which level of prevention is Health Education? What type of instructions you will give to controle STDs? Specific protection against viral infections? Specific protection against Malaria? EPI schedule (whole). Drug addiction and it's sideeffects on human..? Safemotherhood? Components of Research ? Screening and Sampling types? Common public health problems in Pakistan? Amoebiasis and it's types? Screening nd types... LBW nd it’s causes Break point Superchlorination Measles Communicable nd non-communicable Dechlorination agent Slow and rapid sand filter Vital layer nd it's other names nd it's function EPI schedule Measles schedule Zoonotic Epizootic Herd immunity Maternal mortality causes SMR StandardizationPredictive value and p value Ppm Community medicine Health WHO Primary health care Rural health problems Reproductive health Fortification Salt iodine fortification Supplimenation Principals of primary health care, Elements, Whatis approprite technology, Is fortification appropriate technology? IMNCI, Family planning, Reproductive health components, Health indicators, Methods of contraception, Which one is contraindicated in age above 35,and why itis so,what are complications of these drugs, Whatare uses of epidemiology, Whatare consequences of drug abuse, Whatare effects of drug abuse on others, Research, Components of research, Many more Obesity measurment Bmi Non communicalbe disease name budaaye Zoonosis diseasw namw Droplectinfectious diesase Artheropod borne infection Occupational health Occupation disease budaaye jaathe tu thake Reproduction health aye family plannind main fark cha aahePillar of safe motherhood Matermortality jaa factor budaaye jeko kal seq aahyo eeho bhi chsyutee Case control study cha aahe Case control study main case aye control jo protocol Epidemiolgy defintion and aims Level of prevention and health education kehme eendy aa Milleneum development goals ja name budayo Screening and types Most common carcinoma of males and females and screening for this Mesles aye dengue sutho parho maakhe sutho puchuyee Malaria ji vaccine thendy Epi full rato chart Modes of intervention of measles Tetanos doses both in pregnant and not pregnant womesm Droplet infection disease Covid prevention Is Family Planning part of reproductive health ? Yes Whatother things you study in reproductive health, ? Male female reproductive systems? What changes surprise you at the time of maturity? (The Secondary sexual characteristics and Nocturnal secrtions etc) What you do to avoid such surprises? Reproductive Health Education. Which level of prevention is Health Education? What type of instructions you will give to controle STDs? Specific protection against viral infections? Specific protection against Malaria? EPI schedule (whole). Drug addiction and it's sideeffects on human..? Safemotherhood? Components of Research ? Screening and Sampling types? Common public health problems in Pakistan? Amoebiasis and it's types? Case control and Cohort Sampling and types MicronutrientsVitamin diseases Sand fly Demography EPI doses Growth rate and Density Side effects of Over dose of Measles vaccine. Incidence rate Types of Leishmaniasis Normal requirements of macronutrients Name the macronutrient and micronutrient Whatis Epidemiology Uses of epidemiology Whatis demography Whatis sampling Types of sampling Whats is Screening Types of Screening Defination of biostatics Mean ,mode, and median Measures of dispersion How Will you Distribute acc to time place and person? National variations Internatinal variations. Rural urban variations Whatis Cohort Study Advantages and Disadvantages of Cohort study IMR ratio in pakistan Causes of maternal Mortality Most common Haemorrage Ans Postpartal WHO day Tuberculosis Day Random Uncontrol trail And its importance Whatis Bias Whatis Blinding Give example of blinding. Disease cause by Air Pollution EPI ScheduleHow will you manage patient with Snake bite . What is APGAR Demography..demographic transition,cycle Randomization Diff btween cohort and case control...cross sectional studies...snow ball and stratified sampling Screening sampling...epidemiology case control and cohort study...how to eliminate poverty...specificity senstivity...diff btween cohort and experimental studies. Pnemoconiosis and irreversible lung disese Mean median mode Which one is used in data having extreme values Standard deviation Balanced diet epidemiology cohart case control ocupational health ppm full form water filtration slow sand rapid sand filter standardization SMR rural health urban health Screening nd types ... LBW nd it’s causes Break point Superchlorination Measles Communicable nd non-communicable Dechlorination agent Slow and rapid sand filter Vital layer nd it's other names nd it's function EPI schedule Measles schedule Zoonotic EpizooticHerd immunity Maternal mortality causes SMR Standardization : Family planning Contraceptive defr konc methds h Fertility rate Reproductive age of women Demography def nd transitions Epidemiology defnd transitions Tb ki investigation symptom Measles k complication Which is most several complication of measles which is lethal Radiation hazards radiation measuring unit Unit of noice Rural urban areas Epidemic which was common now has eradicated ‘Wastes Incernation definations Epidemology def Cohort benifit drawbacks Mumps define Unit of lightradiation Define drift and shiftin influenza 1)Names of communicable diseases. 2)Dose of rota virus vaccine and route. 3)IMNCI color coding management Green color is for?? 4)odd ratio formula. 5) major drawback of case control. 6)secondary level health care facilities. 7) immunization and 9 EPI disease. 8) types of epidemiological study. 8) single diff: b/w observational and experimental study. 9)Recall bias. 10) no of control for single case. 11)diff b/w family planning and reproductive health. 12) Hepatitis virus types. 13) case control and cohort diff.14)result of case control study. 16 murine typhus caused by for 50 cases number of controls needed? Types of tick Blinding and its types Random uncontroled trail smr Standarization Break point of chlorine Instrumental used in cholrine Types of venyilation test of chlorine Indicatos for health assemnt Mental health ka ek snerio tha How to treat peeson if snake venom micronutrients defiency Rare disesases Disesas due to air conditioners P value Probability Difference between deep and shallow well Sensitive test for cholrine Horroks method TDS = TOTAL DISSOLVE SOLUTE Less than 300 mg/litre Reproductive health :-Condition in which the reproductive process is accomplished in State of having physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being Essential health care made available in all th the individual society is called PHC Measure of central tendency Mean Median Mode Measure of dispersion Standard deviation Mean deviationRange Disaster :- Any occurance that results into loss of humen life, health loss on large scale Malaria type Vivax and malarial Birth specific = minimium 2years Benign malaria = vivax and malarae Maligant = plasmodium falciparum Leady health worker = Six weeks training Scale low Leady health visitor = After matric, 2 yeare course Scale high Study design of epidemiology Observational and experimental Observational type Descriptive and analytical Analytical Case control and cohort Randomization = Allocation of subjects into SIMILLIAR groups IT IS USED TO MINIMIZE THE VIAS Sendatory life habits Hypertension CHD DM CANCER DISASTER TYPE TROPOLOGICAL AND METROPOLOGICAL NATURAL DISASTER ARTIFICIAL = ATOMIC EXPLOSION AND BIOTERESIM