PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AFF: S+HAVE/HAS (HE/SHE/IT)+VERB3 INT: HAVE/HAS+S+VERB3 NEG:S+HAVE/HAS+NOT (HAVEN'T/HASN)+VERB3 INT-NEG: HAVE/HAS+S+NOT+VERB3 HAVEN'T/HASN'T+S+VERB3 DEFINITIONS: 1. PAST ACTIONS RELATED TO PRESENT, WITH A RESULT IN THE PRESENT; THE TIME OF THE ACTIC NEITHER MENTIONED NOR INFERRED (UNDERSTOOD) | HAVE FORGOTTEN MY KEY. | CANNOT ENTER THE HOUSE. 2. RECENT ACTIONS: JUST/RECENTLY/LATELY/IN THE LAST DAYS/COUPLE OF HOURS/ALREADY: | HAVE RECENTLY COME BACK FROM SCHOOL. 3. NOT FINISHED ACTIONS: YET/STILL/SO FAR/UP TO NOW/BY NOW/UNTIL NOW/TILL NOW | HAVEN'T DONE MY HOMEWORK YET I STILL HAVEN'T DONE MY HOMEWORK. | HAVEN'T DONE MY HOMEWORK SO FAR. 4, ACTIONS SPREAD OVER A LONGER PERIOD OF TIME: SINCE/FOR/ALWAYS/ALL MY LIFE/NEVERIEV BEFORE: | HAVE NEVER BEEN TO LONDON. | HAVE ALWAYS WANTED TO BE AN ACTOR. SHE HAS WORKED HERE FOR 5 YEARSISINCE 2017. SHE HAS WORKED HERE BEFORE5. ACTIONS THAT SHOW ACHIEVEMENTS UP TO THE PRESENT MOMENT; THEY MAY CONTINUE AFTER THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING: SO FARITHIS+.../THESE+.../NUMERALS (ORDER, NUMBERS)/IT IS/TODAY/SUPERLATIVES | HAVE EATEN 2 APPLES SO FAR. SHE HAS WRITTEN 3 PAGES SO FAR/TODAY/THIS WEEK THIS IS THE BEST CAKE I HAVE TASTED SO FAR !!! PRESENT PERFECT IS NOT TO BE USED WITH DEAD PEOPLE OR THINGS THAT NO LOI EXIST: CARTARESCU HAS WRITTEN 35 BOOKS. SHAKESPEARE WROTE 27 BOOKS (PAST SIMPLE-NOT ALIVE ANYMORE) DRAKE HAS RELEASED 12 ALBUMS. M. JACKSON RELEASED 55 ALBUMS. 6. HABITS THAT START IN THE PAST AND ARE STILL ON; REGULAR: | HAVE VISITED GRANDMA DAILY SINCE SHE CAME BACK FROM THE HOSPITAL/LAST WEPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS, AFF: S+HAVE/HAS (HE/SHE/IT)+BEEN+INGVERB INT: HAVE/HAS+S+BEEN+INGVERB NEG:S+HAVE/HAS+NOT(HAVEN'T/HASN'T)+BEEN+INGVERB_ INT-NEG: HAVE/HAS+S+NOT+BEEN+INGVERB HAVEN'T/HASN'T+S+BEEN+INGVERB. DEFINITIONS: 1. ACTIONS THAT BEGIN IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE: -UP TO THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING: FOR/SINCE: | HAVE BEEN SPEAKING FOR TEN MINUTES/SINCE3.08 PM (TRANSLATE THIS WITH. PRESENT INDICATIVE) -ALMOST UP TO THE MOMENT OF SPEAI WITH A VISIBLE, OBVIOUS RESULT IN THE PRESENT: | AM UPSET; | AM SAD; SHE IS CRYING; HE Is DRUNK. | AM UPSET. | HAVE BEEN FIGHTING WITH MY MUM. SHE IS CRYING. SHE HAS BEEN FAILING EXAMS FOR WEEKS. HE IS DRUNK. HE HAS BEEN DRINKING. 2. BAD HABITS BEGUN IN THE PAST AND STILL ON: SHE HAS BEEN TELLING US THE SAME STUPID JOKE FOR WEEKS. Il! WE DO NOT USE PR.PF CONT WITH SOME STATE VERBS | HAVE KNOWN HER FOR 10 YEARS. SHE HAS HAD THE CAR FOR FIVE MONTHS: