SYSTAMATIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT PROCEDURE

I. preliminary test
a.state: Crystalline or Amorphous
b.Colour: White/ colorless
c.Solubility:
Water Dil.HCl Dil.HNo3
Cold Hot Cold Hot Cold Hot

II. Detection of Acid Radicals(Anion)

Experiment
A. Detection of I group AR
Salt + dil.H2So4(Heat if
necessary)
Confirmation test for carbonate ion (CO32-) Lime water test.
Salt +water. Boil the gas
liberated is passed into the
test tube containing lime
water
Observation
Brisk effervescence liberating
colorless, odourless gas which
turns lime water milky.
Lime water does not turn
milky
Inference
Ist Group AR is present may
be (CO32-) is present.
Carbonate anion (CO32-) is
confirmed

B.Detection of II group AR IInd Group AR is present

1. Salt in a dry test tube+ a.A colorless pungent smell (Cl-) may be present
con.H2So4 gas which gives dense whit
fumes with glass rod dipped in
NH4OH is exposed to the
mouth of the test tube
b. White fumes followed by Bromide anion (Br-) may be
reddish brown pungent fumes present
2. If no reaction in cold a Reddish brown fumes are Nitrate anion (NO3-) may be
peace of Cu/paper ball is evolved present
added to the test tube and
heated
Confiramtion test for Chloride ion (Cl-) Silver nitrate test.
Salt solution+AgNO3 solution Curdy white ppt. which is Chloride anion (Cl-) is
soluble in execess of NH4OH confirmed
Confirmation test for Bromide ion (Br-) Silver nitrate test.
Salt solution + AgNO3 solution pale yellow ppt. which is Bromide anion (Br-) is
sparingly soluble in NH4OH confirmed
Confirmation test for Nitrate anion(NO3-) Brown ring test.
Salt solution + equale volume A brown ring is formed at the Nitrate anion (NO3-) is
of freshly prepared FeSO4 junction of two liquids confirmed
solution + a drop of con.
H2SO4 is added slowly along
the sides of the test tube
C. Detection of III group AR
Salt solution + BaCl2 solution A thick white ppt. obtained III group A R present

Above PPt. + Excess of dil. HCl PPt. is insoluble Sulphate anion (SO42-) is
present and Confirmed.

III. Detection of Basic Radicals (Cation)

Experiment
A. Detection of ‘O’ group BR
Salt + dil. NaOH solution
Confirmation test for Ammonium (NH4+)
Original Solution(OS)+
Nessler’s reagent+ NaOH
solution (Slight Excess)
Observation
Pungent smelling gas NH3 is
evolved which gives dense
white fumes with glass rod
dipped in con.HCl solution
Brown PPt. is formed
Inference
‘O’ group B R present
(NH4+) may be present
Ammonium ion (NH4+) is
confirmed.

B. Detection of Ist group BR

O.S + dil. HCl No Reaction Ist group BR are absent
C. Detection of 2nd group BR
O.S + dil. HCl + H2S gas No Reaction 2nd group BR are absent
rd
D. Detection of 3 group BR
O.S + two spatula of NH4Cl(S)+ A gelatinous white ppt. is 3rd group BR are present
NH4OH (excess) obtained May be (Al2+) prsent
Confirmation test for Aluminium ion (Al3+)
O.S + dil. NaOH solution, frist A white gelatinous ppt.
small quantity, followed by soluble in excess of NaOH
excess giving a clear solution

Above clear solution + solid White gelatinous ppt. Aluminium cation (Al3+) is
NH4Cl, boil and cool under tap reappears confirmed.
water

E. Detection of 4th group BR

O.S + one spatula of NH4Cl(S) A white or flesh or black 4th group BR are present may
+ NH4OH (excess) + H2S gas colored ppt. is obtained be Zn2+ or Mn2+
Confirmation test for Zinc ion (Zn2+)
O.S + dil. NaOH Awhite ppt soluble in excess Zinc cation (Zn+) is confirmed
of dil. NaOH
Confirmation test for Manganous ion (Mn2+)
O.S + dil. NaOH White ppt. is obtained which Manganous cation (Mn2+) is
slowly turns into brown on confirmed
exposed to air
F. detection of 5th group BR
O.S +Solid NH4Cl + NH4OH White ppt. 5th group cation are present
solution + (NH4)2CO3 May be Ba2+,Sr2+ or Ca2+
Confirmation test for Barium ion (Ba2+)
1. O.S + K2Cr2O4 solution A yellow ppt. Barium cation (Ba2+) is
confirmed

2.Flame test: A paste of the Apple green color is imparted Barium cation (Ba2+) is
given salt is prepared with to the flame confirmed
few drops of con. HCl and it is
exposed to the colorless flame
through Pt. wire
Confirmation test for Strantium ion (Sr2+)
1. O.S + (NH4)2SO4 heat and A white ppt. is formed Strantium cation (Sr2+) is
Scratch the sides of the test confirmed
tube with a glass rod

2.Flame test: A paste of the Crimson red colored flame is Strantium cation (Sr2+) is
given salt is prepared with imparted to the flame confirmed
few drops of con. HCl and it is
exposed to the colorless flame
through Pt. wire
Confirmation test for Calcium ion (Ca2+)
1. O.S (NH4)2C2O4 A white ppt. is formed Calcium cation (Ca2+) is
confirmed

2.Flame test: A paste of the Brick red color is imparted to Calcium cation (Ca2+) is
given salt is prepared with the flame confirmed
few drops of con. HCl and it is
exposed to the colorless flame
through Pt. wire

G. detection of 6th group BR

O.S + solid NH4Cl + Excess
NH4OH + Na2HPO4 or
(NH4)2HPO4 Scratch the inner
wall of the test tube with
glass rod
A white crystalline ppt. is 6th Group BR is present
obtained Magnesium cation (Mg2+)is
present and confirmed

IV. Report:-
The given Salt Contains a)Acid Radical:___________________
b)Basic Radical:__________________
The given Salt is :________________________________