THE PARTS

OF SPEECH
PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS
PREPOSITIONS
Characteristics of prepositions

- A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other

words within a sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and
locations of a sentence.
- A preposition adds extra information to sentences such us, direction, place,
time, movement, manner, agent, measure, source and possession.
- Prepositions are normally placed directly in front of nouns.
- There are about 150 prepositions in English.
TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITION OF TIME

There are several prepositions of time such as: at, on, in, before, during, and after.

- Use in when you refer to years, months, seasons, centuries, and time of day.
Maria was born in 2001
- Use on when you refer to days, dates and specific holidays.
Maria was born on August 8, 2001
- Use at when you refer to time exceptions and festivals.
Maria was born at 4 am in the morning at noon at night at midnight
- Maria was born during the holidays of 2001
- Maria was born before our trip to England.
- Maria was born after our hottest summer.
TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

Prepositions of place usually indicate position.

- Use the preposition on when you refer to something with a surface.

Books are on the desk.
- Use the preposition in when you refer to something inside.
The books are in the car.
- Use the preposition at when you refer to a specific point.
We like the cups at the supermarket at home
- There are several more prepositions of place such us:
under, behind, outside, inside, between, near, over.
TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT: They indicate direction in which something or someone is moving.

-David went to the beach every day over the holidays.

-The ball rolled across the field very quickly
- The car past through the tunnel on its way to the airport
- Susana swam into the cave to rescue the dog.
- the man climbed up the mountain
- The children run down the road

PREPOSITION OF MANNER: They describe the way things happen. These prepositions include by, in,
like, with, on
A list of commonly used prepositions: above, across, against, along, among, around, at, before,
behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down, from, in, into, near, of, off, on, to, toward,
under, upon, with and within.
 ADVERBS
An adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb (he sings loudly), an adjective (very tall), another adverb
(ended too quickly), or even a whole sentence (Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella).
Adverbs often end in -ly, but some (such as fast) look exactly the same as their adjective counterparts.

Adjective ending Do this Adjective Adverb

Most adjectives add -ly Quick, nice, careful Quickly, nicely, carefully

-able or -ible change -e to -y regrettable, horrible Regrettably, horribly

-y change -y to -ily happy happily

-ic change -ic to -ically economic economically

But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs. The following -ly words, for example, are all adjectives:
● friendly, lovely, lonely, neighbourly
And some adverbs have no particular form. Look at these examples:
● well, fast, very, never, always, often, still
TYPES OF ADVERBS
The basic types of adverb are:

-Adverb of Manner (He speaks SLOWLY) accidentally, anxiously, badly, bravely, carefully, clearly, correctly
Easily, exactly, fast, generously, happily, hard, honestly, kindly, loudly, noisily, quickly, slowly, well, wisely

-Adverb of Place (Sit HERE) about, abroad, anywhere, away, back, elsewhere, far, here, indoors, there, towards

-Adverb of Time (I want it NOW) now, today, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday, already, early, finally, just, last, late,
next, previously, soon, still, yet

-Adverb of Frequency (He USUALLY sleeps in the day) annually, daily, monthly, weekly, always, constantly, ever,
frequently, never, occasionally, often, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes, usually

Subject + adverb + main verb Daniel always passes his exams

Subject + BE + adverb Daniel is always happy

TYPES OF ADVERBS
The basic types of adverb are:

-Adverb of Manner (He speaks SLOWLY) accidentally, anxiously, badly, bravely, carefully, clearly, correctly
Easily, exactly, fast, generously, happily, hard, honestly, kindly, loudly, noisily, quickly, slowly, well, wisely

-Adverb of Place (Sit HERE) about, abroad, anywhere, away, back, elsewhere, far, here, indoors, there, towards

-Adverb of Time (I want it NOW) now, today, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday, already, early, finally, just, last, late,
next, previously, soon, still, yet

-Adverb of Frequency (He USUALLY sleeps in the day) annually, daily, monthly, weekly, always, constantly, ever,
frequently, never, occasionally, often, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes, usually

Subject + adverb + main verb Daniel never have

Subject + BE + adverb Daniel is never late students are daily at work

The Position of the Adverb in a Sentence
- When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the
main verb. This is also true for to be.
She can sometimes beat me in a race.
Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb
I would hardly ever be unkind to someone.
- We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence: They might never see each other again.
They could occasionally be heard laughing.
Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally
Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.

- BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence: Subject + adverb + main verb
Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never. Subject + BE + adverb

- We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:
She hardly ever comes to my parties.
They never say 'thank you'.

- We use ever in questions and negative statements:

Have you ever been to New Zealand?
I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been Switzerland').