GRADE LEVEL: Senior High School Grade 11 WEEK: 9-10 SUBJECT: ORAL COMMUNICATION IN

CONTEXT LESSON: 1 TOPIC: Understanding Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and
Communicative Strategy

I.OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson students are expected to:
1. identify the different types of speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategies
engaged in by people in various situations;
2. explain that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy affects
various factors such as language form, interaction duration, relationship of speaker/s to audience or
receiver of message, roles and responsibilities of the speaker, the message itself and the manner of
delivery of the speaker; and
3. use effective communicative strategies in a variety of speech situations.

LESSON PROPER:

Communication entails a delicate balancing in order to sustain connection and transact successfully.
Let us dig in a little deeper and examine the factors involved in this balancing act. As you have learned in the
previous modules, each

speech style - intimate, frozen, consultative, casual or formal - or the way language is used, will greatly
depend on the speakers’ relationship, purpose of the conversation and the

speech context - dyad, small group, public, and mass communication - which, in turn, will also
determine what type of utterance or speech act will be used.

While communication is on-going, communicative strategies such as repair, topic shifting, restriction,
topic control, turn-taking, nomination and termination, will be used to maintain the connection in order to
successfully impart the message and achieve the purpose of communication.

The table below enumerates and briefly explains the factors affected when there is a change or shift in
speech context, speech style, speech act, and communicative strategy.
LANGUAGE FORM

DURATION OF
INTERACTION

RELATIONSHIP OF This refers to the speech style used by the speaker suited to his or her relationship
THE SPEAKER to the person wityh whom he/she is communicating.

Intimate style – the speaker talks to family members best friends or

romantic partners. This may comprise private conversations or personal
interaction.conversations or personal interactions.
Frozen – the speaker addresses an audience in a formal gathering such as
ceremonial events, Eucharistic celebrations or even court hearings. The style
is “set” or
“fixed” and thus, it rarely or never changes. Audience feedback is not
required.
Consultative – the speaker communicates with a person whom he/she may have
to clarify things, discuss a problem, or seek advice.
Casual – the speaker shares close and personal information with friends,
classmates or colleagues. This ordinarily occurs in everyday life.
Formal – the speaker has to deliver a pre-planned or written speech to address a
crowd of people such as giving opening remarks during a seminar, or the
president
making a public announcement or delivering SONA.

ROLE AND This refers to the role and responsibility of the speaker
RESPONSIBILITY OF which will depend on the purpose and context of
THE SPEAKER communication.

The speaker may be a person who gives information and

additional knowledge to another person or an audience,
someone who convinces others for a cause or an individual
who provokes laughter for diversion and fun. Hence, his
responsibility depends on his purpose for communication
which may be to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.
 MESSAGE This involves the content of the message. The message
may be facts, opinion, feelings, order, suggestions, and
questions.

DELIVERY This refers to the manner of delivery involving verbal and

nonverbal cues made by the speaker. Delivery can be
classified as:
∙ extemporaneous – speaking with limited
preparation and guided by notes or outline;
∙ impromptu – speaking without advanced preparation
or unrehearsed speech;
∙ memorized – planned and rehearsed speech;
∙ manuscript – reading aloud a written message

From our discussions earlier, it is clear that the following elements are
affected by a shift in the communicative processes:
1. language form which could shift from formal to informal and vice versa,
2. the duration or the length of communication which could be shortened or
lengthened depending on how the conversation will be maintained,
3. the relationship of the speaker to the receiver of the message that could
be intimate, frozen, consultative, casual, or formal; and,
4. the role and responsibility of the speaker, the message and its delivery
which could vary depending on the context and purpose of communication.
GRADE LEVEL: Senior High School Grade 11 WEEK: 11-12 SUBJECT: ORAL COMMUNICATION IN
CONTEXT LESSON: 1 & 2 TOPIC: Principles of Effective Speech Writing and Delivery
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

I.OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson students are expected to:
1. discuss the principles of effective speech writing;
2. analyze the importance of Audience Profile, Logical Organization, Duration, Word
Choice and Grammatical correctness) in writing a speech;
3. compose a speech applying the principles of effective speech writing and delivery;
4. identify the principles of effective speech delivery; and
5. demonstrate effective speech delivery.

II. LESSON PROPER:

1. Audience Profile
Knowing your audience specifically their general age, gender, educational
level, religion, language, culture and group membership is one of the most important
aspects in developing your speech. Basically, this is done so that you can tailor-fit
your speech content and delivery to your audience.
Analyzing your audience will help you discover the information you can use
to build a connection between you and members of your audience.

✔ Who is the
✔ audience?

✔ How many?
✔ What does the
audience know
about the
subject?
✔ Why should they
be interested?

Use the following table to analyze your target audience.

Audience Analysis

Age Bracket

Gender
 Educational Background

Place of Residence (city, town, province)

Marital Status

Language spoken

Religious Affiliations/Beliefs

2. Logical Organization - Once you have already analyzed your

target audience, the next part is to organize your speech
manuscript. The logical organization or arrangement of thoughts
when it comes to speech writing can be defined as all aspects of
your writing that help the reader move smoothly from one
sentence to the next, and from one paragraph to another. Thus,
carefully planning the content of your speech is also necessary.
The written speech has three parts: the introduction, body
and conclusion. The role of introduction and conclusion is mostly
similar in many speeches, that is, the introduction presents the
main idea of your speech, while the conclusion reiterates the
main idea. The body
offers definitions, examples, or any information that can help you
convey your intent and clarify the main concept of your speech.
The Introduction
The introduction is the most crucial part of the speech. It is generally only 10 to 15 percent of the time
the speaker spends speaking. According to Wrench (2012), a good introduction serves five functions: (1) you
should be
able to gain audience attention and interest, (2), it states the purpose of your speech, (3) it establishes your
credibility, (4) it should provide reasons for your audience to listen and (5) your introduction should preview the
main idea of your speech.

The Body
The body of the speech is the core part of the speech that addresses the main ideas and principles of the
speech. It consists of the main points.
This is presented using methods of organization (Flores 2016).

1.Problem-Solution Order- It explains the problem and suggests a possible solution.

Example: Cleaning up Laguna de Bay

2. Categorical/Topical Order- It divides the topic into subtopics based on the importance or interest value
or simply because the topic requires it.

Example: Importance of promoting the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle program

3. Chronological Order - A historical or time approach which is from the past to the present. It presents
idea in time order.

Example: The significant development of the province of Laguna from Spanish period to present.

4. Comparison and Contrast Order- It presents comparison and contrast of two or three points.
 Example: Comparison between living in the city and life in the province.

5. Spatial/Geographical Order- Going from one place to another, from one direction to another

Example: Traveling around the wonders of Batanes islands

Make sure that you move smoothly from one paragraph to another.
Transitional words are used to connect words, phrases or sentences. They help the reader to move from
one idea to the next to build coherent relationships within the text.

Study the following table showing examples of different transitional

words and their functions.
Function Examples

Addition Again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, further,
furthermore, in addition, in the first place, moreover

Comparison Also, in the same way, likewise, similarly

Contrast Although, yet, but, despite that even so, even though, for all
that, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead, nevertheless,
notwithstanding, on the contrary, on one hand-on the other
hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though

Emphasis certainly, indeed, in fact, of course

Example or as an illustration, for example, for instance, namely, specifically,

Illustration that is, to illustrate

Summary or all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in

Conclusion conclusion, in short, in simpler terms, in summary, on the
whole, to summarize

Time after a while, afterward, again, and then, as long as, at last, at
Sequence length, at that time, before, earlier, eventually, finally, first,
formerly, in the past, last, lately, meanwhile, next, now,
presently, second, shortly, simultaneously, since, so far, soon,
still, subsequently, then, thereafter, until, until now, when

Adapted from: The Transitional Devices Table.

https://kielikompassi.jyu.fi/kookit06/corpus/micase/transitionaldevicetable.html
The Conclusion
After writing the body of your speech following the methods of organization, the last thing that you
need to work on is how to end it.
The conclusion functions as the summarizer of the entire speech. The
conclusion has to be written using different strategies (Tandoc, 2016).
⮚ Present a summary
⮚ Repeat the key ideas presented
⮚ Repeat the central idea for emphasis
⮚ Go back to the strategy used in the introduction
⮚ Signal the end of your speech
⮚ End with an impact
• Thought-provoking questions
• Humor
• Quotation
• A call for action
• A connection to a larger context

3. Duration

No matter how long the speech is, always divide it into five parts: an introduction, the body
(paragraph 2, paragraph 3, and paragraph 4) and a conclusion. This format is adaptable to a speech
 of almost any length. By doing this, you can actually monitor the time and length of your speech or the
so-called Duration. Most experts say that the ideal length of speech is up to 20 minutes. (Gray-Grant,
2017).

4. Word Choice

There are a lot of vocabularies available to describe one's idea. However, the

speaker should carefully use the correct word in writing the speech. The use of conversational language helps
put the audience feel at ease and creates a special bond between the speaker and the audience. However,
there are things that you should consider in choosing your words.

The following words should be avoided in a written speech. (Tandoc, 2016)

a. Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of people

b. Redundancy or excessive repetition of words

c. Language inappropriate for the audience

d. Language inappropriate for the occasion

Jargons are specific words or phrases used by a certain individual or group which are difficult for others
to understand.

For example, the word idiopathic (which means unknown cause) and hyperventilate (rapid breathing)
are jargons because they are technical terms in medical fields. The word affidavit (sworn) and circumstantial
(specific details) are heard commonly in legal aspect or terms in in the field of Law. These words can be
confusing if you are speaking in front of a general crowd or audience.

5. Grammatical Correctness

Using correct grammar when you give a speech is important to prevent misunderstanding and
misinterpretation between you and the audience. Good command of the language helps listeners
understand you quickly. Grammar inconsistencies slow down the communication process and generate
negative impressions for the audience, as your ideas and thoughts are not clear and coherently conveyed.

USING PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE SPEECH

DELIVERYHave you ever experienced or imagined yourself speaking before a huge crowd? Have
you not dreamt of becoming an effective speaker where your listeners are mindful and persuaded of what you
say?

Effective speaking means being

able to say what you need to say in a
manner that it is heard and acted upon.

According to Stephen Lucas

(2011), author of The Art of Public

Speaking, a good delivery means that
you are capable and able to present your
message in a clear, coherent, and
interesting way.

Tools for Effective Speech Delivery

Articulation

People always judge how well you speak in general. The perceived intellect or education is sometimes
used to measure how well you articulate. The instance on how well and precisely you form vowels and
consonants using your lips, tongue, jaw, and palate to form the sounds to speak is crucial in making your
message get crossed. On the same idea, diction and enunciation are other forms of articulation.
 For example, saying “going to” instead of “gonna” or “want to” instead of “wanna” are instances of good versus
poor articulation. Proper diction in articulation is important in speaking which needs a lot of practice.

Modulation

This happens when you control or adjust the tone or volume of your voice as you try to lower your
voice to a loud whisper in order to get the attention of your audience as they find your message more
appealing, dramatic and mysterious. Modulation has various meanings, such as a change of key in music or
of the sound of a person's voice.

Stage presence

The speaker’s ability to get and secure the audience's interest in listening to him/her through his or her
presentation style refers to stage presence. Every time the speaker faces his audience, he is encouraged to
keep his poise, posture, gestures, and movements since they may make or break the presentation.

Facial expressions

To effectively communicate emotions and enthusiasm while speaking, the speaker must use emphatic
and descriptive gestures. These help enhance the verbal content of our speech. Gestures should appear
spontaneous but purposeful. Movements from the waist down should be decisively used to emphasize a point
or as a transition during a speech.

For instance, mix of many facial expressions can communicate the speaker’s feelings, excitement,
frustration, confusion, sadness, confidence, aspiration, happiness, etc. Even if the audience does not
feel bored, for example, a slack blank face may give the audience the impression that the speaker is
bored with his own speech or that the entire message is uninteresting and boring.

Rapport

It happens when you have everything in concordance or harmony. Your discourse is correct. The
crowd gets it well. They appreciate tuning in to it as much as you appreciate conveying it. In any case, that
upbeat agreeable state doesn't happen without conscious effort.

Rapport builders are:

✔ dressing and prepping suitably for the event

✔ being sorted out, prepared with reasonable substance
✔ demonstrating in your opening statements that you know who you are talking to because you have
done your homework
✔ utilizing comprehensive language - "we" instead of "I"
✔ recognizing and accentuating your shared conviction consciously and earnestly ✔
evading the use of jargon unless everyone understands it
✔ indicating that you are human also by sharing your story
✔ being aware of non-verbal communication/body language and using eye contact
✔ seeming sure, positive, in charge and understanding of the effect of vocal
✔ delivery
NOTRE DAME
Oral Communication in Context Activity Sheets for 2nd Quarter

WEEK 9-10
ACTIVITY:

Pretend that you are a member of the class Field Trip Committee. Write a short script on the prompts below.
 Scene 1: While eating in the canteen, you go over the brochures of the tourist spot for the
field trip. You talk about various information about the place.
Scene 2: You decide on the final itinerary of the field trip and discuss the details such as
transportation, accommodation, meals and itinerary.
Scene 3: You are tasked to present the Final Itinerary to the students’ parents during the
quarterly parents’ meeting.
Scene 4: Upon arrival at your destination, you talk to the hotel concierge about your
reservations. You inquire about breakfast schedules, hotel keys, extra beddings, and room
service.
Scene 5: You ask a police officer and a street vendor (on two different instances) for
directions to the beach because the class is lost somewhere in town.
Scene 6: The class needs to eat in the nearest fast-food restaurant. However, some of the
orders are not available so you ask for alternate combos from the fast-food crew, and you
make decisions for the rest of the class.
Scene 7: You have a free half day before your trip back home, so you decide on what to do
as members of the field trip committee. Your ideas and suggestions clash, but ultimately
everything is cleared out and you present the final plan to your classmates.
ASSESSMENT:

Speech Style
Directions: Unscramble the words to form statements that exemplify each of
the given speech styles:
1. Intimate – will am I and father I you against harm all your protect.
2. Casual – friend, my, you sister are a to almost me Gwynette.
3. Frozen – Let before start the Lord’s prayer us we the program say
finally.
4. Consultative – let Doctor, what me to take for illness my know medicine.
5. Formal – the Graduates, are motherland hope the you our of!

Directions: Give an example situation for each of the given speech styles below.

1. Intimate – ________________________________________________________
2. Casual – _________________________________________________________
3. Frozen – _________________________________________________________
4. Consultative – _________________________________________________________
5. Formal – _________________________________________________________
WEEK 11-12
 ACTIVITY: Write a short speech on how to address gender issues. You can research on internet or
books in order to support your ideas. (At least 50-80 words)
Directions: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is NOT a reason for doing audience profiling?

A. It will help the speaker limit the content.
B. It will help the speaker make an impressive speech.
C. It will help the speaker identify the language to be used during
the delivery.
D. It will help the speaker discover information in order to connect with
the audience.
2. What function of a good introduction is evident when a speaker tells a joke
or an anecdote or a powerful statement?
A. establish credibility C. preview main idea
B. gain audience attention D. state the purpose of the speech

3. What function of introduction is used when a speaker shows the audience

that he is reliable and trustworthy to discuss the topic?
A. establish credibility C. preview main idea
B. gain audience attention D. state the purpose of the speech

4. What term denotes the smooth transition of one sentence to another or one
paragraph to another?
A. duration C. logical organization
B. grammatical correctness D. word choice

5. Which part of the speech provides summary of the main points of

the speech?
A. body C. introduction
B. conclusion D. thesis statement

6. Which part of the speech reveals the goal of the speech?

A. body C. introduction
B. conclusion D. thesis statement

7. Which part of the speech uses definitions, concrete examples and

testimonies?
A. body C. introduction
B. conclusion D. thesis statement

8. Which statement is NOT true about the body of the speech?

A. The most common number of key points is five.
B. The body of the speech is the core part of the speech.
C. If you have a long point in your speech, you will need to break that
point into multiple points.
D. If you have only one point in your speech, it will either be too short, or
too complicated for the audience to understand.

9. Which is NOT true about doing the conclusion?

A. Present a summary
B. Repeat the key ideas presented
C. Provide key points of discussion
D. Signal the end of your speech

10. What method of speech organization presents comparison and contrast of two
or three points?
A. Chronological Order C. Comparison and Contrast order
B. Spatial Order D. Problem-Solution Order
OUTPUTS FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION TO BE SUBMITTED AT THE END OF THE SEMESTER

For impromptu speech: Your subject teacher will contact you, for an impromptu speech over the
phone and or inside the classroom. Just prepare yourself!

Think of a social issue that you can discuss in a three-minute extemporaneous speech. Then prepare to
deliver your extemporaneous speech in front of your phone taking a video of yourself and in front of your
classmates.

Follow the format in writing a speech from the previous lesson.

You are the tourism ambassador of the Philippines, you are tasked to promote the best features of the
country and its overall positive image to local and foreign visitors. Your task is to prepare and deliver a three
minute speech in World Tourism Expo in London to convince the participants to visit the Philippines. Get
ready to face the camera, for you will be taking a video of yourself.

Criteria for Impromptu Speech

- Topic/Purpose- 20%
- Organization of Ideas-20%
- Use of Language- 30%
- Delivery- 30%

Criteria for Extemporaneous Speech

- Organization of Thoughts- 30%

- Confidence and Composure- 30%
- Voice and Diction- 20%
- Overall Impact- 20%

Criteria for Public Speaking (Tour Guiding)

- Speech Development (Structure/Organization) – 30%

- Topic (Achieves purpose/Interest)- 25%
- Delivery (Stage Presence/ Voice)- 25%
- Use of Language – 20%

NOTE: All output shall be submitted to your

subject teacher in Oral Communication