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5 | SOCIAL PREPARATION (COMMON MODULE)

MODULE 5: OTHER NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS

5.0 Intended Learning Outcomes

a. Describe National Security Concerns;
b. Discuss National Security Internal Threats;
c. Explain National Security External Threats;
d. Understand the Role of the Youth in the National Security.

5.1 INTRODUCTION
National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of
economic power, diplomacy, power projection and political power. ... Accordingly, in order to
possess national security, a nation needs to possess economic security, energy security,
environmental security, etc.
National security or national defence is the security and defence of a nation state, including its
citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of government.
Originally conceived as protection against military attack, national security is now widely
understood to include also non-military dimensions, including the security from terrorism,
minimization of crime, economic security, energy security, environmental security, food security,
cyber-security etc. Similarly, national security risks include, in addition to the actions of other
nation states, action by violent non-state actors, by narcotic cartels, and by multinational
corporations, and also the effects of natural disasters.
Governments rely on a range of measures, including political, economic, and military power, as
well as diplomacy, to safeguard the security of a nation-state. They may also act to build the
conditions of security regionally and internationally by reducing transnational causes of
insecurity, such as climate change, economic inequality, political exclusion, and nuclear
proliferation.
5.1.1 Topics/ Discussion (with Assessment/ Activities)
NATIONAL SECURITY
“There can never be real, tangible and felt development without making our people feel secure”
“Enduring peace can be attained only if we meet the fundamental needs of every man, woman and child”

PRESIDENT RODRIGO R. DUTERTE

First State of the Nation Address
25 JULY 2016

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National security define as “state or condition wherein the people’s welfare, well-being, way of
life: government and its institutions; territorial integrity; sovereignty; and core values are
enhanced and protected.”
National Security is anchored on three pillars. The pillar is safeguarding the Philippines’ national
unity, its democracy and its institutions. The most important foundation of national unity is that
all citizens share one national identity that is being Filipinos regardless of their ethnic, religious,
cultural and ideological orientations.
The second pillar of national security is ensuring the security of the state and preserving and
protecting its sovereignty, territorial integrity, and institutions. This is clearly provided in the
constitution, to wit;

 Definition of national territory consistent with new international covenants. (Art. I)

 Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy. (Art. II. Sec. 2)
 Civilian supremacy over military. (Art. II sec. 3 )
 Role of the armed forces as protector of the people and the state. (Art. II sec. 3)
 Maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty and property, and the
promotion of the general welfare. (Art II. Sec. 5)
 Pursuit of an independent foreign policy based on national sovereignty and national
interest. (Art. II. Sec.7)
 Right self-determination (Art. II. Sec. 7)
 Freedom from nuclear weapon (Art. II. Sec. 8)
 Suspension of the writ habeas corpus. (Art. III. Sec. 15)
 Concept of a citizen army. (Art. XVI sec. 4)

Third pillar is the protection of properties, infrastructure and keeping the people safe from
all forms of threats, both here and abroad, and to the extent possible, creating jobs in order
to bring back home overseas Filipino workers where their physical safety can fully
guaranteed by our government.

5.1.2 National Security Internal threats

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The nature of security challenges facing the Philippines is more complex today than in the
National Security Internal threats past. These challenges include decades old internal insurgencies
that have hampered development and kept the nation in a state of low level but debilitating
conflict.

The Mindanao conflict, in particular, has assumed a more complex and menacing form in recent
years, triggered by the internal splintering in the moo movement and further fuelled by Islamic
state inspired radicalism. The five month long siege in marawi reflected this dangerous mix.
While important face in roads have been forged with the country’s largest non-state armed rebel
groups, the quest for enduring peace in Mindanao remains elusive unless the smaller but
decidedly more violent remnant and extremist factions are ultimately defeated.

Internal
Threats

5.2.3 National Security External threats

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The Philippines current external security environment is marked by increased uncertainty and
unpredictability. Rising tensions in the South China Sea, which nestles the west Philippines Sea,
have brought to the fore a changing security back drop in the Asia pacific region. This has
prompted the Philippines, which has not confronted any external arms threat since it gained full
independence in 1946, to suddenly give the same attention to territorial defense as it does to
internal security threats.

5.2.4 Role of the youth in the National Security

The youth, which by legal definition comprises those who are 15 to 30 years old, comprises almost
one-third of the country’s population. Given their large share in the Filipino population, the youth
increasingly play a large role in the development of the Philippine society. Their attitudes, values,
mind-set, and priorities will determine the development of the country in the future. With the
crucial role the society has placed upon the youth, it is imperative to instill a positive outlook

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upon today’s youth that will orient them towards development. With that in mind, how does the
youth view and react to this challenge?
According to a Social Weather Station (SWS) survey, the youth acknowledge economic matters,
crime, and governance as the country’s main problems. However, despite the fact that they
acknowledged the severity of these problems, most of them respond with either helplessness or
apathy when asked what they can do to help solve them. This is reflected in the youth’s behavior
towards involvement and participation in organizations and activities. According to SWS,
Filipinos are not joiners. Only one of eight Filipino youth are involved in religious or recreational
organizations and only one out of ten youth organizations. Furthermore, the Filipino youth was
found to have unexpectedly high incidences of involvement in illegal activities such as illegal drug
use, criminality, and illicit sex. Given these disturbing facts about Filipino youth, will they have
the ability to address the various social ills of the country?
The Global Partnership for Youth Development, suggested that one way to overcome the
problems of the youth and to better equip them towards the development of the society is through
youth empowerment. Empowerment could be manifested through greater opportunities for the
youth. The Youth must be given opportunities to participate in community life and capacity
building. Their leadership needs to be harnessed? Hence, opportunities such as the Sangguniang
Kabataan, volunteer projects such as Habitat for Humanity, where youth volunteers build housing
for the poor. Also the National Youth Commissions Projects such as Green Brigade, National
Youth Parliament and the National Youth Summit or (Pambansang Ugong Ng Kabataan) which I
am an alumni, are examples of events that some Filipino youth participate in to help solve the
country'’ social problems.
According to the Filipino Youth Study survey conducted by the Global Filipino Foundation in
2001, Media and technology are the other big things in their life. TV and radio have the highest
reach. Technology is still a function of class, but the Internet Cafes mushrooming in our midst will
democratize their availability to the youth. Globalization will happen faster in this generation as
the world opens up though media and technology. According to the youth, with the Internet, they
can learn about anything.
The Internet is a great tool for building youth empowerment. We can create our own web pages to
promote youth participation. Like my webpage: www.kabataan.htmlplanet.com. Youth can
develop international solidarity by participating in online discussions, such as those held by
Takingitglobal.org and YouthActionNet.Org where I was one of the featured youth leaders. We
can use the Internet to connect with international youth organizations such as Advocates for
youth, International Student Activism Alliance, and Global Youth Action Network.
Unfortunately, computers and Internet access are not available to many youth, especially in Third-
World countries. This elimination in a technology-driven global community is equivalent to
withholding humanitarian aid to victims of famine. Therefore, one of the major tasks for youth
wanting to ensure youth participation and development is to find creative solutions to this
imbalance. We could "encourage" generosity from big computer companies by asking them to
supply schools and libraries in third-world countries with computers. We could lobby Congress to
give incentives to businesses that bring computer technology and the Internet to all
disenfranchised people.

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Thus, the youth could inspire both hope and fear in the society. Fear in the form of apathy,
criminality, and immorality. Hope in the form of participation, concern and volunteerism. Solving
the country’s social problems, then, is a challenge for the youth to bring hope rather than fear into
our society.
The youth have a crucial role to play in shaping the future of our county, have that there is no
doubt. They have proven that they can be powerful agents of change.

ROTC enhances the ability of youth to respond during calamities, defense security
calamities

Assessment:

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Direction: Discuss briefly and concisely the following.

1. National security
2. Internal threats
3. External Threats
4. Rule of the youth in the national security

Reference
https://www.tigweb.org/youthmedia/panorama/article.html?start=5082&ContentID=160
https://www.nsc.gov.ph/attachments/article/NSP/NSP-2017-2022.pdf

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Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar State University only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.