Constructivism

Under this philosophy, learners are considered to be active agents who always engage in constructing

their own knowledge. Due to this, it is recommended that the knowledge, skills, and experiences

exhibited by individuals in a learning situation should be valued. In this sense, there are no passive

learners in the eyes of the constructivists. Finally, learners construct their own knowledge through the

combination of their past and new experiences or information.

This concept was realized when the teacher asked the learners about the sacrifices of their parents

when they were young in raising them and the lessons they got from it. Then asking them things that

they can do to do something in return to their parents.

Existentialism

The word is from existence and that forms the basis of this philosophy. Here the individual is considered

to be responsible for him/herself. The individual has to define himself/herself or be defined by other

people. As such the existentialist believes in only what the individual defined for him/herself whether it

is right, wrong, true, false, beautiful, ugly, and many more. Thus, the individual is the only one who

determines what is right or wrong for him/herself.

If you are an existentialist, you only serve as a facilitator to your students. Thus, your students decide

what they need to learn but under your guidance and facilitation. You will consider your students

differently as there is no one learning outcome that is appropriate to all your students.
In essence, you help your students to find appropriate materials to study. So, your students do different

things and study different subjects/topics at the same time. Therefore, your role is to supervise their

study until the expected learning outcomes are met.