Infectious disease transport and spread

The nurse
According to www.ncbi.nih.gov nursing is a job which is mainly at higher risk,
stress and long working hours, through portraying multiple roles and carry heavy
burdens. They act as both a caregiver and defender of a patient’s life. They have to
face stress and challenges from different levels, such as the coordination of
relationships with physicians and patient’s relatives and the risk and stress of
infection. The more complex a patient’s condition is, the higher the nursing staff’s
work stress will be.

The world
Infectious disease spread faster and further as people could walk. With the advent
of truly global travel, the last five centuries has never seen more new disease than
ever before becoming potential pandemics. Aviation, in particular has expanded
rapidly as the world economy has grown though worries about its potential for
spreading disease began with the advent of commercial aviation. To various
degrees they are also amendable to alternative responses ranging from clean water
provision to regulation to biomedical countermeasures. There is also potential for
human-originated outbreaks emanating from laboratory accidents or internal
biological attacks.

The global technical council on infectious disease would strengthen the global
health system by improving collaboration and coordination across organizations
such as WHO filling in knowledge gaps with respect to infectious disease
surveillance, research and development needs, financing models, supply chain
logistics and the social and economic impacts of potential threats evidence-based
recommendations for managing global risks associated with infectious disease.

Health care
Healthcare workers are occupationally exposed to a variety of infectious
disease during the performance of their duties. The delivery of health
care services requires a broad range of workers, such as physicians,
nurses, technicians, clinical laboratory workers, first responders,
building maintenance, security and administrative personnel, social
workers, food service, housekeeping and mortuary personnel. The
diversity among HCWS and their workplaces makes occupational
exposure to infectious diseases especially challenging. For example, not
all workers in the same healthcare facility, not all individuals with the
same job title and not all health care facilities will be at risk of
occupational exposure to infectious agents.
The primary routes of infectious disease transmissions in U.S. healthcare
settings are contact, droplet, and airborne, contact transmissions can be
sub-divided into direct and indirect contact. Direct contact transmission
involves the transmission involves the transfer of infectious agents to a
susceptible individual through physical contact with an infected
individual, e.g. direct skin-to-skin contact. Indirect contact transmissions
occurs when infectious agents are transferred to a susceptible individual
when the individual makes physical contact with contaminated items and
surfaces e.g. door knobs, patient-care instruments/ equipment, bedrails.