Waste Management: Developmental Know How among Grade 12 ABM and its Impact to

Environment

Improper waste management is one of the biggest cause of environmental problems that humanity is
facing today such as the climate change. Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature and
weather patterns. It is caused by various factors such as generating electricity and heat by burning fossil
fuels causes a large chunk of global emissions and solid waste contributes directly to greenhouse gas
emissions through the generation of methane from the anaerobic decay of waste in landfills, and the
emission of nitrous oxide from our solid waste combustion facilities. It has been observed that most of
the environment and the guidelines for proper management of dental waste are not adopted and not
up to the prescribed standard. It also a complex, interdisciplinary field that continues to grow and
change. Mastering this evolving and multifaceted field of study requires knowledge of the sources and
generation of wastes to eliminate the threats they pose and the environment.

The waste management sector is facing numerous challenges globally. Huge amounts of municipal and
industrial wastes are produced daily worldwide as a consequence of human activities. It is estimated
that about 3.4-4 billion tons of municipal and industrial solid wastes and up to 300 million tons of
hazardous waste are produced annually worldwide (Nabegu, 2010). As the volume and complexity of
solid waste increase, the environmental risk posed by the waste products including human health risks,
ecosystem degradation, contamination of soils and water, as well as, greenhouse gas emissions, global
warming, and climate change become more serious (United Nations Environmental Programme, 2011).

According to a World Bank report written by Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata [1], it is estimated that the
world generates around 1.3 billion tons of waste per year. With increasing urbanization, it is expected to
reach 2.2 billion tons per year by 2025 – an increase of 70%. As a key component in municipal solid
waste (MSW) management, the landfill is important especially in upper- and lower-middle-income
countries. The aggressive pursuit for economic growth, by developing countries like the Philippines, has
resulted in the manufacture, distribution and use of products and generation of wastes that contributes
to environmental degradation and global climate change. Available data showed that the Philippines is
the 9th most among the countries at risk from climate change due to rise of sea levels, intense storm
surges and droughts. This is heavily manifested in the frequent and intense floods the country is
experiencing from devastating typhoons which, many claim, are due to climate change. Along with the
economic progress, the rapid growth in population has also made waste management a major
environmental challenge for the country. The Philippine National Statistic (NSO) estimated the country’s
population in 2012 to be around 97 million with an annual growth rate of 1.87%. According to this
figure, the Philippines is the 12th largest country in the world today.

The behavior of the community people has changed towards waste management that promote climate
change mitigation and adaptation through waste reduction, reuse, and resource recovery.

This study aimed to understand the present state of students' knowledge and behavior with respect to
the environment. This study aimed at investigating the knowledge in waste among Grade 12 ABM and
its Impact to Environment. This will be conducted to assess waste management practice information
among Grade 12 ABM students in Samar National School. This study was carried out to improve waste
management practices through a community-led intervention at Samar National School to the school
improvement.

Thus, it is expected that this review can complement the determination of decision-makers and solid
waste management providers that aim to improve management system schemes in developing
countries.

According to a World Bank report written by Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata [1], it is estimated that the
world generates around 1.3 billion tons of waste per year. With increasing urbanization, it is expected to
reach 2.2 billion tons per year by 2025 – an increase of 70%. As a key component in municipal solid
waste (MSW) management, the landfill is important especially in upper- and lower-middle-income
countries.

Waste management has been identified as a viable option for mitigation of climate change (IPCC, 2007;
UBA; 2011). As a society, we failed to manage our waste in an environmentally-safe way, which first
resulted in causing pollution of land and water, followed by air.

Currently humanity is at an unprecedented juncture in its history, facing the critical issue of climate
change that calls for concerted global effort to tackle global warming. While many of the suggested
measures require large investment of capital and would take long time to achieve desired results, solid
waste management to increase recycling, capture methane, minimize pollution; and simple steps to
conserve water and energy resources, are measures that can be easily adopted. Combating climate
change calls for strong political will and involvement of each individual. Recent events of 22 April, 2016
(USA Today, 2016) when 175 countries pledged to adopt recommendations of the Paris Agreement (UN,
2015), and the historic Kigali event of 15 October, 2016 (USEPA, 2016) where nearly 200 nations agreed
to phase out/eliminate hydrofluorocarbons, are positive affirmation of the international community's
will to move forward as global citizens of our home—the Earth. The presentation explains simple,
common sense strategies to minimize the severity of climate change impacts, and the role citizens can
play in accomplishing it. Importance of proper management of solid, liquid, and gaseous waste
emissions in pollution abatement and climate change mitigation are highlighted in the presentation.
Details of how proper waste management can cut down GHGs emissions, thus contributing to mitigation
efforts, are discussed in the presentation.

Solid garbage is the unwanted, harmful, and wasted substance arising. Management of the solid wastes
can be described as the methodology of managing solid waste generation, storage, collection, transport,
treatment and disposal. As regards its effect on solid waste management, the growth status of this
publication is classified. The most significant justification for recycling waste is to protect the
environment and the public health. Garbage and waste can pollute the air and water. It is also
recognized that decaying garbage releases poisonous gases. In relation to recycling, the growing waste-
to-energy systems and advances in technologies and emissions. It refers in particular to those students
where seeking suitable capacity is a problem and those students where these solutions are still not
completely applied.

Waste generations by residents in the Philippines, especially in the urban areas, have accelerated
recently due to fast pace industrialization, urbanization and population growth. Since incineration of
solid waste is not allowed under Republic Act 9003 for the safety of human health and protection of
environment, land filling and the 3 5¶V integrated waste management method (Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle) are the main types of SWM in the country. The law also requires the mandatory segregation at
source of solid waste into containers labeled as: compostable, recyclable, non-recyclable, or special use.
Collection of waste in the country is done by the Department of Public Service, city administrator and
engineering office or private haulers. Informal waste sector are also involved in the waste collection and
storage in the country. They are the itinerant waste buyers, jumpers at collection trucks, garbage crew,
and small and illegal junkshops. About 35,580 tons of garbage is generated every day in the Philippines.
On the average, each person in the country produces about 0.5 kg and 0.3 kg of garbage every day in the
urban and rural areas, respectively. For Metro Manila, it is estimated that 8,636 tons of garbage is
generated per day, i.e., 0.7 kg per person per day due to its more modernized lifestyle. The household is
the major source of waste in the Philippines at 74%. Moreover, of the total solid waste generated from
households, 95% can still be reused or recycled (43%), or turned into compost (52%). Only 5% is made
up of residuals (4%) and special/hazardous waste (1%) that are no longer usable or biodegradable (JICA
Waste Characterization Study, 1997). (Alicia L. Castillo1), Suehiro Otoma1) 1) University of Kitakyushu,
Jap, 2013).