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Deriv
Deriv
fr
sajid
اﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق
(2اﻟﺠﻮاب
أ-
)f ( x) − f (1 x +1− 2
lim = lim
x →1 x −1 x →1 x −1
x −1
= lim
x →1 x − 1
=1
اﻟﻌﺪدد 1یﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻖ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ fﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ 1و ﻥﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )f '(1
)f ( x) − f (1
f '(1) = lim
x →1 x −1
ب-
)f ( x) − f (−2 x + x−2
2
f '(−2) = lim = lim
x →−2 ) x − ( −2 ) x →−2 x − ( −2
= lim
)( x + 2 )( x − 1
x →−2 x+2
= lim x − 1
x →−2
= −3
ﺑﻤﺎ أن f '(−2) = −3ﻋﺪد یﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ \ أي ﻣﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﺈن fداﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺵﺘﻘﺎق ﻓﻲ −2
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ج-
x −1 1
−
)f ( x) − f (2
f '(2) = lim = lim 2 x + 1 5
x →2 x−2 x→2 x−2
5x − 5 − 2 x − 1
)5 ( 2 x + 1
= lim
x →2 x−2
3x − 6
)5 ( 2 x + 1
= lim
x →2 x−2
)3 ( x − 2 1
= lim ×
)x → 2 5 ( 2 x + 1 x−2
3
= lim
x →2 )5 ( 2 x + 1
3
=
25
(3ﺕﻌﺮﻳﻒ
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ fداﻟﺔ ﻋﺪدیﺔ و x0ﻋﺪدا ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺕﻌﺮیﻔﻬﺎ . D f
) f ( x) − f ( x0
xlimﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ.و ﺕﺴﻤﻰ • ﻥﻘﻮل إن اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺵﺘﻘﺎق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ، x0إذا آﺎﻥﺖ اﻟﻨﻬﺎیﺔ
→x 0 x − x0
هﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻬﺎیﺔ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻖ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ fﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺔ x0و ﻥﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) . f '( x0
) f ( x) − f ( x0
f '( x0 ) = lim
x → x0 x − x0
• اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) y = f '( x0 ) ( x − x0 ) + f ( x0ﺕﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻓﺼﻮﻟﻬﺎ
x0
(4ﺕﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ
ﺣﺪد ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ااﻣﻤﺎس ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻓﺼﻮﻟﻬﺎ . x0
x0 = 1; f ( x) = x 2 + 1 (1
1
x0 = 0; f ( x) = x 3 − 2 x + 1 (2
3
x −1
= )x0 = 2; f ( x (3
x+2
(5اﻟﺠﻮاب
ﺑﻤﺎ أن : (1
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)f ( x) − f (1
f ' (1) = lim
x →1 x −1
x +1− 2
2
= lim
x →1 x −1
x −1
2
= lim
x →1 x − 1
= lim
)( x − 1)( x + 1
x →1 x −1
= lim x + 1
x →1
=2
ﻓﺈن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻓﺼﻮﻟﻬﺎ 1هﻲy = f ' (1)( x − 1) + f (1) :
أي
y = 2 ( x − 1) + 2أي y = 2 x
= −2
ﻓﺈن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻓﺼﻮﻟﻬﺎ 0هﻲ y = f ' ( 0 ) x + f (0) :أي
y = −2 x + 1
)f ( x) − f (2
f ' ( 2 ) = lim
x→2 x−2
x −1 1
−
= lim x + 2 4
x→2 x−2
4x − 4 − x − 2
)4 ( x + 2
= lim
x→2 x−2
3x − 6
)4 ( x + 2
= lim
x→2 x−2
)3( x − 2 1
= lim ×
) x→2 4 ( x + 2 x−2
3
= lim
) x→2 4 ( x + 2
3
=
16
ﻓﺈن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻓﺼﻮﻟﻬﺎ 2هﻲ:
3 1 3 1
=y x− ) y = f ' ( 2 )( x − 2 ) + f (2أي y = ( x − 2 ) +أي
16 8 16 4
(6اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﺪوال
أﺕﻌﺮیﻒ
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ fداﻟﺔ ﻋﺪدیﺔ و Eﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﺵﺘﻘﺎﻗﻬﺎ.
اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺕﺮﺑﻂ آﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ xﻣﻦ Eﺑﻌﺪدﻩ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻖ ﺕﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ f
=0
f ': x 6 k f : x 6 kx (2
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sajid
f ( x) − f ( x0 )
f '( x0 ) = lim
x → x0 x − x0
kx − kx0
= lim
x → x0 x − x
0
k ( x − x0 )
= lim
x → x0 x − x0
=k
f ' : x 6 nx n −1
( n ∈ `* ) f : x 6 xn (3
. ﻣﺜﻼn = 3 وn = 2 یﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺝﻞ
(اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪوال اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ7
اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﺪﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ
f +g f '+ g '
(λ ∈ \) λ f λf '
(n ∈ ` ) f
* n
nf n −1 × f '
1 −f '
(f ≠ 0)
f f2
f f ' g − fg '
( g ≠ 0)
g g2
( ﺕﻤﺮﻳﻦ8
: ﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔf ﺣﺪد اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ
f ( x) = ( x − 4)( x + 3)
f ( x) = (3 x + 2) 2 (2 x + 1)
f ( x) = ( x 2 − 1)
5
2x +1
f ( x) =
2x −1
6
x2 −1
f ( x) =
x+2
اﻟﺠﻮاب
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sajid
) f ' ( x) = 5 ( x 2 − 1) ( 2 x
4
)= 10 x ( x 2 − 1
4
)2 ( 2 x − 1) − 2 ( 2 x + 1
= )f '( x
)( 2 x − 1
2
4x − 2 − 4x − 2
=
)( 2 x − 1
2
−4
=
)( 2 x − 1
2
) x 2 − 1 2 x ( x + 2 ) − ( x − 1
5 2
5
x2 − 1 x2 + 4 x + 1
= 6 ×
x+2 )( x + 2
2
(10ﺕﻤﺮﻳﻦ
ادرس رﺕﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fاﻥﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ إﺵﺎرة ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
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sajid
f ( x) = x 2 + 1
f ( x) = − x 2 + 2 x + 3
f ( x) = x3 − 1
2x −1
f ( x) =
2x − 3
−2 x
f ( x) =
2x − 3