Types of violence

There may also be "two types" of aggression in human evolution(opens in new tab):
proactive and reactive, Richard Wrangham(opens in new tab), a research professor in
the Department of Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, reported in 2017
in the journal Proceedings of the National Academies of Science(opens in new tab).
Proactive violence has historically been related to conquest, when a group is
determined to take the resources or land of another. Reactive violence, on the
other hand, can be described as the direct response to such aggression. 
However, despite violence seeming to be an ingrained human characteristic,
Barclay is confident there is room for optimism — up to a point.

"Objectively speaking, any individual is much less likely to suffer violence today
than in previous eras," he said. "We are currently in history's most peaceful era.
But that doesn't guarantee it'll stay that way. Unless we fight climate change,
there will be more scarcity, more disasters, more desperation and more reason
for conflict."