UNIT 4: MATTER AND ITS INTERACTIONS

Module 1: Behavior of Gases Answer:

 Gases have different properties. They have indefinite

shape and size, and fit the shape of their containers.
 Gases also have MASS, VOLUME, TEMPERATURE and
PRESSURE.
 Mass- actual amount of matter contained in an object
 Volume- the amount of space occupied by the gases
 Temperature- measure of coldness or hotness of the gas
 Pressure- the force applied by the gas particles per unit
area
The warm temperature we are experiencing is from the
heat trapped by the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,
methane, water vapour and etc.)
CHARLES’ LAW
 The volume- temperature relationship in gases was
determined by and named after Jacques Charles.
 Charles’ law states that at constant pressure, the
volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly
proportional to the Kelvin (K) temperature.
 To convert ˚C to Kelvin, use this formula: K= ˚C +
273.15
 Formula : V1= V2

The basketball is filled with air. So, it bounces while you

T1 T2
are dribbling it. The same is true with the other kinds of ball. where in,
When you open a can or bottle of soft drinks, it fizzes V1 initial volume V2  final volume
because of the escaping dissolved carbon dioxide due to T1  initial temperature T2 final temperature
change of pressure. When the wind blows, it exerts pressure
too. There are lot of manifestations of gases though we
cannot see them. Sample problem :

BOYLE’S LAW An inflated balloon with a volume of 0.75 L at 30 ˚C

 The relationship between the volume and pressure of
gases at constant temperature of gases was first stated
by Robert Boyle during the 16th century.
 He found out that as the pressure is increased, the
volume decreases.
Formula:
was placed inside the freezer where the temperature is -10 ˚C.
find out what will happen to the volume of the balloon if the
pressure remain constant.
Given:

V1P1 = V2P2
Formula:
Where in,
V1  initial volume V2  final volume
P1  initial pressure P2  final pressure
Solution:
Sample problem:

The inflated balloon that slipped from the hand of

Renn has a volume of 0.50 L at sea level (1.0 atm) and it reach
a height of approximately 8 km where the atmospheric
pressure is approximately 0.33 atm. Assuming that the Answer:
temperature is constant, compute for the final volume of the
balloon. GAY- LUSSAC’S LAW
 The person who is credited with determination of the
Given: V1 = 0.50L V2 = ? temperature- pressure relationship in gases at constant
P1 = 1.0 atm P2 = 0.33 atm volume in Joseph Louis Gay- Lussac.
 He deduced that the pressure of the gas is directly
Formula : proportional to its temperature.
V1P1 = V2P2  This means that when the temperature of gases
increase its pressure also increases or vice versa.
Solution:
 Formula: P1 = P2
 T 1 T2 Solution:

where in,

P1 initial pressure P2 final pressure

T1 initial temperature T2 final temperature

Sample problem:

The pressure of a nitrogen gas inside a rigid tank is Answer:

1.5 atmosphere at 30 ˚C. What will be the resulting pressure
if the tank is cooled to 0˚C?
IDEAL GAS LAW
Given:
Formula: PV= nRT

Where in, P  pressure

n  amount of gas in moles
V  volume
Formula:
R  0.0821 L. atm
T temperature
Solution:
Sample problem:
What is the volume of a container that can hold a 0.50
mole of gas at 25.0 ˚C and 1.25 atm?

Given:
Answer:

COMBINES GAS LAWS Formula:

 The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely
proportional to each other, but are both directly
proportional to the temperature of the gas. Solution:
 Formula :
V1P1T2 = V2P2T1

where in,

V1 initial volume V2 final volume Answer:

P1  initial pressure P2 final pressure
T1 initial temperature T2 final temperature

Sample problem:

The oxygen tank manufacturer used to produce 5.0 L

oxygen tanks at 2000 psi and 25 ˚C. Statistics suggests that
3.0 L oxygen tanks at 1500 psi more marketable. What
temperature requirement is needed to produce a 3 L oxygen
tank at 1500 psi?

Given:

Formula: