PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Symbolic Logic 2022

NAME: Sem. Nino Gabriel C. Lagarde

I. JUSTIFICATION OF THE FORMAL PROOF OF VALIDITY

DIRECTIONS: Each of the following is a formal proof of validity for the indicated
argument. State the justification for each line that is not a premise.

1. 1. A:B
2. (A . B) : (C v B)
3. [A : (C v B)] : (B :: D)
4. (B :: D) : [( A . B) v {A : ( C v B)}] /  ( C v B) v (B :: D)
5. A : (A . B) = Abs (1)
6. A : ( C v B) = HS (2,5)
7. B :: D = MP (3,6)
8. (A . B) v [A : (C v B)] = MP (4,7)
9. [(A .B) : (C v B)] . {[A : (C v B)] : (B :: D)} = Conj (2,8)
10. (C v B) v ( B :: D ) CD (8,9)

2. 1. (P : Q ) . ( R : S )
2. (T : U ) . (V : W)
3. [(R : S) . ( V : W)] : ( P v T ) /  (P . Q ) v ( T . U )
4. R : S = Simp (1)
5. V : W = Simp (2)
6. (R : S ) . ( V : W) = Conj (4, 5)
7. P v T = MP (3, 6)
8. P : Q = Simp (1)
9. P : ( P . Q ) = Abs (8)
10. T : U = Simp (2)
11. T : ( T . U ) = Abs (10)
12. [ P : ( P . Q ) ] . [ T : ( T . U )] = Conj (9, 11)
13. ( P . Q ) v ( T . U ) = CD (7, 12)

II. FORMAL PROOF OF VALIDITY

Construct a formal proof of validity for the given argument.

If you do not study in Symbolic Logic and you just take things easy, either you'll fail the subject or you'll
extend your stay in PDCIS.
(-S . T) : ( F v E)
If you do not study in Symbolic Logic, then if you fail the subject you will not graduate soon.
-S : ( F : -G)
Either you study in Symbolic Logic or if you extend your stay in CSB you will just waste your time.
S v ( E : W)
But you do not study in Symbolic Logic and just take things easy.
-S . T
Therefore, you won't graduate soon or you will just waste time.
/ -G v W
FINAL:

1.) (-S . T) : ( F v E)
2.) -S : ( F : -G)
3.) S v ( E : W)
4.) -S . T / -G v W
5.) F v E = MP (1,4)
6.) -S = Simp (4)
7.) F : -G = MP (6,2)
8.) (E : W) = DS (6, 3)
9.) (F : -G) . (E : W) = Conj (7, 8)
10.) -G v W = CD (9,5)

III. TRUTH -TABLE ANALYSIS

Determine the invalidity of the following arguments using the truth-table (long method).

1. If I don’t envy you, I will be devoted to you and will bless your work.
I envy you and I feel sorry for myself.
Either that I don’t feel sorry for myself or I envy you.
Hence, I will be devoted to you if and only if I will bless your work.

-E : ( D . B)
E.F
-F v E
/ D :: B

P1 P2 P3 C
E D B F -E D.B -E : ( D . E.F -F -F v E D :: B
B)
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
Column Column Column Column
1 2 3 4
The 3rd and 5th rows exhibit true premises and false conclusion. Thus, the argument is invalid.

Prove the invalidity of this argument by the method of assigning truth values (short method).

2. P :: (Q :: -R)
Q : (-R v -S)
[R : (Q v -T)] . (P : Q)
[U : (S . T)] . (T : -V)
[(Q . R) : -U] . [U : (Q v R)]
(Q v U) . -V
 -U . -V

P Q R S T U V
1 1 0 1 1 1 0

3. (P :Q) . (W : V)
(R . Q) v (-Q . -R)
(R v S) v (P v Q)
-R : (T . U)
(S : -P) . (-S : -V)
U : (-V : -U)
(R v P) . (S v W)
 U.W

P Q W V R S T U
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0