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Advertisers Index
207 310EXPRESS COMPANY (Japan) C 104 CHANG YI BOLT CO., LTD. 長益
Security, Tamper Proof, Anti-theft Screws... 6 Cuts/ 8 Cuts Self Drilling Screws, A2 Cap Screws...
177 CHAO JING PRECISE MACHINES ENTERPRISE 朝璟

Cold Forging Bolt Formers, Thread Rolling Machines...
A 192 A-PLUS SCREWS INC.
Chipboard Screws, Customized Special Screws / Bolts... 244 CHEN TAI FASTENER MACHINE CO., LTD. 成太
284 ABC FASTENERS CO., LTD. 聯欣 Parts Orientation & Feeder Machine Series, Feeding Machine...
Drop-in Anchors, Expansion Anchors, Wire Anchors... 65 CHIAN YUNG CORPORATION 將運
90 AEH FASTEN INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. 鉞昌 SEMS Screws
Clevis Pins, Dowel Pins, Hollow Rivets... 232 CHIEN TSAI MACHINERY ENTERPRISE 鍵財
17 ALEX SCREW INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 禾億 Thread Rolling Machines
Button Head Cap Screws, Button Head Socket Cap Screws... 96 CHIN LIH HSING PRECISION ENTERPRISE 金利興
84 AMBROVIT S.P.A. (Italy) Automotive Nuts, Brass Inserts, Bushes, Bushings...
Chipboard Screws, Combined Screws, Machine Screws... 251 CHING CHAN OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY 精湛
294 ANCHOR FASTENERS INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 安拓 Eddy Current Sorting Machines, Fastener Makers...
ETA Series, Anchor Bolts, Anchor Nuts, Automotive Parts... 121 CHIREK FASTENER CORPORATION 錡瑞
67 APEX FASTENER INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 嵿峰 Stainless Steel Fasteners, Self-Drilling Screws, Washers...
Nuts, Wing Nuts & Bolts, Turning Parts, Stamping Parts 42 CHONG CHENG FASTENER CORP. 宗鉦
122 ARK FASTECH CORP. 方舟 Cap Nuts, Coupling Nuts, Conical Washer Nuts...
Multi-Station Cold Forging Bolts / Nuts... 257 CHUN KAI MACHINERY CO., LTD. 駿凱
35 ARUN CO., LTD. 鉅耕 Straightening Machines, Straightness Measuring Instruments...
Bi-metal Screws, Chipboard Screws, Drywall Screws... 108 CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. 春雨
179 ASIA TECHNICAL SERVICES 亞東公證 Wheel Bolts, Chipboard Screws, Drywall Screws...
Automotive Parts, Fastener Testing And Inspection Laboratory... 228 CHUN ZU MACHINERY INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 春日
56 AUTOLINK INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 浤爵 Cold Headers, Header Toolings, Heading Machines...
Automotive Screws, Machine Bolts, Flange Nuts... 157 COPA FLANGE FASTENERS CORP. 國鵬
Hex Nuts, Hex Flange Nuts, Combi Nuts, Weld Nuts...
B 80 BCR INC. 必鋮 38 CPC FASTENERS INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 冠誠
Automotive Screws, Piston Pins, Weld Bolts (Studs)... Stainless Steel, Bi-metal Self-drilling Screws...
197 BENERI SPA. (Italy) new
Retaining Rings, Washers...
D 13 DA YANG ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 大楊
107 BESTWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP. 凱壹 Special Automotive Nuts, Special Weld Nuts...
Eye Bolts, Flanged Head Bolts, Hanger Bolts... 256 DAH-LIAN MACHINE CO., LTD. 大連
234 BIING FENG ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 秉鋒 Fastener Maker, Thread Rolling Machines, Heading Machines...
Blind Nut Formers, Multi-station Cold Forming Machines... 165 DAISHIN CO., LTD. (Japan)
30 BI-MIRTH CORP. 吉瞬 Thread Rolling Dies
Carbon Steel Screws, Chipboard Screws, Concrete Screws... 110 DAR YU ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 達宇
6 BOLTUN CORPORATION 恒耀工業 Chipboard Screws, Drywall Screws, Screw Nails...
Automotive Screws, Bushes, Conical Washer Nuts... 88 DE HUI SCREW INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 德慧
Drywall Screws, Decking Screws, Self-drilling Screws, Roofing Screws...
C 97 CANATEX INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 保力德 116 DELTEKS INDUSTRIES INC. 見承

Nuts, Turning Parts, Bolts, Plastic Injection Parts... Wheel Bolts, Bushes, Thread Forming Screws, All Kinds of Screws...
236 CHAN CHANGE MACHINERY CO., LTD. 長薔 191 DICHA FASTENERS MFG 集財
Screw Head Making Machines... Expansion Anchors, Sleeve Anchors, Nylon Nail Anchors...
189 CHANG BING ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 彰濱 34 DIN LING CORP. 登琳

Hook Bolts, Holders / Hooks / Rings, Dowel Screws... Chipboard Screws, Drywall Screws, Furniture Screws...
D 48 DRA-GOON FASTENERS INC. 丞曜 F 247 FRATOM FASTECH CO., LTD. 福敦
Chipboard Screws, Phillips Head Screws, TEK Screws... Hot Forming Tools, Punches & Sleeves, Dies, Machinery Accssories...
86 DUNFA INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 敦發 78 FU HUI SCREW INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 福輝

Bushes, Spacers, Automotive Parts, Tubes, Turning Parts... Automotive & Motorcycle Special Screws / Bolts...
147 FU KAI FASTENER ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 福凱

E 173 E.U.R.O.TEC GMBH (Germany) Precision Electronic Screws, Special Screws, Weld Screws...
All Kinds of Screws, Bi-metal Self-drilling Screws... 112 FUSHANG CO., LTD. 甫商
128 EVEN LONG INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 連長 Carbon Steel Screws, Chipboard Screws, Concrete Screws...
Collated Screw Guns, Collated Nails, Collated Screws...
263 EXCEL COMPONENTS MFG CO., LTD. 鑫廣 G 233 GIAN-YEH INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 健業
Turning Parts, CNC Parts, Forged and Stamped Parts... Rivet Dies, Self-drilling Screw Dies, Screw Tip Dies...
204 GINFA WORLD CO., LTD. 濟音發

F 51 FAITHFUL ENGINEERING PRODUCTS CO., LTD. 誠毅 Chipboard Screws, Countersunk Screws, Drywall Screws...
Anchors, Box Nails, Door/Window Accessories... 225 GREENSLADE & COMPANY, INC. (U.S.A.)
63 FALCON FASTENER CO., LTD. 鉮達 Concentricity, Ring Gage, Plug Gage Calibration, Gages...
Automotive & Motorcycle Special Screws / Bolts... 149 GROWERMETAL S.P.A (Italy)
2 FANG SHENG SCREW CO., LTD. 芳生 Security Washers
Shoulder Bolts, Button Head Socket Cap Screws.. 238 GWO LIAN MACHINERY INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 國聯
58 FASTENER JAMHER TAIWAN INC. 占賀 Handstand Type Wire Drawing Machines, Non-Stop Coilers...
Automotive Nuts, Blind Nuts / Rivet Nuts, Bushings... 249 GWO LING MACHINERY CO., LTD. 國菱
54 FASTNET CORP. 俊鉞 Thread Rolling Machines, Slotting Machines...
Dowel Pins, Flange Nuts, Weld Nuts, 4 Pronged T Nuts...
124 FILROX INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 惠錄 H 111 HAO CHENG PLASTIC CO., LTD. 皓正
Blind Nuts / Rivet Nuts, Tee or T Nuts, Blind Rivets... PP Boxes, PET Jars, ABS Boxes, PC Boxes..
187 FIXI SRL. (Italy) 93 HARVILLE FASTENERS LTD. 豪威爾

Threaded Inserts Special Screws and Bolts, Sems Screws, Stainless Steel Fasteners...
66 FONG PREAN INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 豐鵬 140 HAUR FUNG ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 豪舫
Automotive Screws, Bi-metal Screws, Brass & Bronze Screws... External Tooth Washers, Long Carriage Bolts, Roofing Bolts...
118 FONG WUNS CO., LTD. 鋒汶 194 HEADER PLAN CO. INC.
Flange Nuts, Stainless Steel Nuts, Special Parts... Chipboard Screws, Collated Screws, Deck Screws...
39 FORTUNE BRIGHT INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 鋒沐 138 HOMEYU FASTENERS CO., LTD. new 宏宇
Cap Nuts, Dome Nuts, Nylon Cap Insert Lock Nuts... Cold Forging Stage, Machine Molds, Lathe, CNC Machining...
Advertisers Index
H 162 HOPLITE INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 合利 K 171 KLIMAS (Poland)
Bushings, Prevailing Torque Nuts, PT Screws, Roofing Screws... Timber Construction Screws
46 HSIN JUI HARDWARE ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 欣瑞 205 KUO CHEN MOLD CO., LTD. 國鎮
Bushes, Construction Bolts, Special Cold / Hot Forming Parts... Self-Drilling Dies
213 HSIN YU SCREW ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 新雨 76 KWANTEX RESEARCH INC. 寬仕

Acme Screws, Hexagon Head Cap Screws... Chipboard Screws, Drywall Screws, Furniture Screws...
45 HU PAO INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. 如保

Automotive Nuts, Flange Nuts, Hexagon Nuts...
L 126 L & W FASTENERS COMPANY 金大鼎
153 HUANG JING INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 皇晉 Construction Fasteners, Flat Washers, Heavy Nuts...
Custom Washers, Chipboard Screws, Drywall Screws... 206 LIAN CHUAN SHING INTERNATIONAL 連全興
131 HWEI NEN CO., LTD. 輝能 Weld Nuts, Special Parts, Special Washers, Flat Washers...
Automotive & Motorcycle Special Screws / Bolts... 287 LIAN SHYANG INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. 連翔
Nut Formers, Nut Tapping Machines
I 235 INFINIX PRECISION CORP. 英飛凌 255 LIAN TENG MACHINERY INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 聯騰
Customized Punches and Dies Cold Headers, Self-drilling Screw Forming Machines...
135 LIN YU ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 林裕

J 10 J.C. GRAND CORPORATION 俊良 Custom Thru-hole Parts, Coupling Nuts, Bushings...
All Kinds of Screws, Chipboard Screws... 296 LINKWELL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 順承
64 JAU YEOU INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 朝友 All Kinds of Screws, Automotive & Motorcycle Special Screws...
Chipboard Screws, Drywall Screws, High Low Thread Screws... 12 LOCKSURE INC. 今湛
292 JERN YAO ENTERPRISES CO., LTD. 正曜 Custom Washers, Flat Washers, Automotive Screws...
Multi-station Cold Forming, Parts Forming Machines...
27 JET FAST COMPANY LIMITED 捷禾 M 89 MAC PRECISION HARDWARE CO. 鑫瑞

Blind Nuts / Rivet Nuts, Aircraft & Aerospace Washers... Turning Parts, Precision Metal Parts, Cold Forged Nuts...
101 JIEN KUEN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 健坤 134 MACRO FASTENERS CORP. 宏觀
Hexagon Nuts, Nylon Cap Insert Lock Nuts, Square Nuts... Multi-Station Screws, Nuts, Washers, Furniture Screws...
41 JIN TA TRADING CO., LTD. 金達 55 MASTER UNITED CORP. 永傑

Special Nuts Chipboard Screws, Drywall Screws, Furniture Screws...
132 JINGFONG INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 璟鋒 260 MAUDLE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 茂異
Hex Nylon Insert Lock Nuts, Wing Nuts with Nylon Insert... Button Head Socket Cap Screws, Flange Washer Head Screws...
211 JIN-YINGS ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 晉營 20 MIN HWEI ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 明徽
Special Custom Fasteners, Auto/Motorcycle Fasteners, Special Screws… Button Head Socket Cap Screws, Chipboard Screws...
167 JOINTECH FASTENERS INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 群創 230 MING TANG MACHINERY CO., LTD. (WEN YANG) 玟暘
Customized Parts, Bolts, Screws, Nuts, Automotive Parts... Screw Head Making Machines, Bolt Parts Former...
19 JOKER INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 久可 127 MOUNTFASCO INC. 崎鈺

Hollow Wall Anchors, Concrete Screws, Jack Nuts... All Kinds of Screws, Alloy Steel Screws, Automotive Screws...
K 155 KAN GOOD ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 鋼固 N 102 NCG TOOLS INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 昶彰
Fastener, Hardware, Plastic, Instruction Booklet Package in Bags... Tools for Fastening Anchors, Blind Nuts / Rivet Nuts...
114 KATSUHANA FASTENERS CORP. 濱井 50 ND INDUSTRIES ASIA INC. 穩得

Collated Screws, Drywall Screws, Roofing Screws... ND Pre-Applied Processes, Advanced Sealing Technologies...
259 KEIUI INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 鎧渝 199 NISSEI CO., LTD. (Japan)
Self-drilling Screw Forming Machines Powerful Lock Bolt, Anti-Loosing Double-Nut Bolts
92 KING CENTURY GROUP CO., LTD. 慶宇 117 NOVA. FASTENER CO., LTD. 鑫星
Drop-in Anchors, Self-drilling Anchors, Sleeve Anchors... Hexagon Nuts, Square Nuts, Wood Screws, Chipboard Screws...
P 185 PAKWELL GROUP 開懋 S 280 SHANGHAI FAST-FIX RIVET CORP. 飛可斯
Bi-metal Screws, Stainless Steel Screws Blind Rivets, High Shear Rivets, Closed End Rivets...
40 PENGTEH INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 彭特 158 SHEH FUNG SCREWS CO., LTD. 世豐
SEMs Screws, Special Screws, Binder Screws, PT Screws... Chipboard Screws, Countersunk Screws, Wood Screws...
241 POINTMASTER MACHINERY CO., LTD. 昶詠 160 SHEH KAI PRECISION CO., LTD. 世鎧
Self-drilling Screw Forming Machines... Bi-metal Concrete Screw Anchors, Bi-metal Screws...
129 PPG INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL INC. 美商必丕志 120 SHEN CHOU FASTENERS INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.神洲
Chromium-free Coating, ED Coating... Button Head Cap Screws, Chipboard Screws...
261 PRO POWER CO., LTD. 鉑川 32 SHIH HSANG YWA INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 新倡發
All Kinds of Screws & Bolts... Flange Nuts, Flange Nylon Nuts With Washers...
91 PRO-VISA (LIN) INT'L CORP. 佾鼎 168 SHIN CHUN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 昕群
Self-drilling Screws, Stainless Steel Screws, Furniture Screws... Automotive Screws, Chipboard Screws, Customized Screws...
125 PS FASTENERS PTE LTD. (Singapore) 汎昇 139 SHIN JAAN WORKS CO., LTD. 新展
Washers, Socket Set Screws, U Bolts, Alloy Steel Screws... Flanged Head Bolts, Long Carriage Bolts, Round Head Bolts...
123 SHUENN CHANG FA ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 舜倡發

Long Screws, Concrete Screws, Machine Screws...
Q 49 QST INTERNATIONAL CORP. 恒耀國際
Hexagon Head Bolts, Square Head Bolts, Weld Bolts (Studs)... 130 SIN HONG HARDWARE PTE. LTD. (Singapore) 新豐
Hexagon Nuts, Hexagon Head Bolts, Blind Rivets...
R 14 REXLEN CORP. 連宜 141 SOURCING SOLUTIONS FASTENERS new 優德

Clinch Nuts, Clinch Studs, CNC Parts, Stamped Parts... Concrete Screws, Wood Construction Screws, Decking Screws...
115 RMZ AUSTRIA 24 SPEC PRODUCTS CORP. 友鋮

Bolts, Nuts, Nails, Screws, Collated Nails... Lincensee Fasteners, Turned/Machined Parts...
8 SPECIAL RIVETS CORP. 恆昭

Blind Nuts / Rivet Nuts, Blind Rivets, Air Riveters...
S 4 SAN SHING FASTECH CORP. 三星
Automotive Nuts, Automotive Parts, Carbide Dies... 214 STRONG JOHNNY INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 駿愷
59 SCREWTECH INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 銳禾 Automotive & Special Parts, Cold-Forged Fasteners...
Machined Parts, Thumb Screws, Micro Screws... 18 SUN CHEN FASTENERS INC. 展鴻鑫
289 SEN CHANG INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 昇錩 Cup Washers, Flanged Head Bolts, T-head or T-slot Bolts...
Customized Special Screws / Bolts, Socket Head Cap Screws... 253 SUN FAME MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. 商匯
Shank Slotting Machines, Screw Point Cutting Machine...
Advertisers Index
S 175 SUNCO INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. (Japan) T 143 TONG HO SHING INTERNATIONAL CO.,LTD. 桐和興
Distributors Specializing in Fasteners Hex Washer Head Screws, Indent Hex Head Screws...
44 SUPER DPD CO., LTD. 三御 22 TONG HWEI ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 東徽

All Kinds of Screws, Bi-metal Screws, Carbon Steel Screws... A2 Cap Screws, Button Head Socket Cap Screws...
105 SUPERIOR QUALITY FASTENER CO., LTD. 鑫程椿 53 TONG MING ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 東明
Weld Nuts, Turning Parts, Long Screws, Spring Nuts... Stainless Steel Fasteners, Wire Rods…
258 TUNG FANG ACCURACY CO., LTD. 東鈁

Carbide Pins, Carbide Dies, Polygon R-type Punches...
T 136 TAIWAN FASTENERS INTEGRATED SERVICE 全聯鑫
Bolts, Screws, Nuts, Precise Mechanical Parts, Stampings... 106 TSAE FARN SCREWS HARDWARE CO., LTD. 采凡
203 TAIWAN NYLON WASHER CO., LTD. 東佑典 2 Cap Screws, Aircraft Nails, All Kinds of Screws...
Rubber Washers, Silicone Washers, Plasterboard Nails... 144 TSIN YING METAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 晉英
119 TAIWAN PRECISION FASTENER CO., LTD. Stainless Steel Cold Heading Wire, Oxalate Coating Wire...
Drywall Screws, Wood Construction Screws, Roofing Screws...
98 TAIWAN SELF-LOCKING FASTENERS IND. 台灣耐落 U 243 UNITAPPING CO., LTD. 欣曜

Nylok®, Precote®, Nycote®, Nyplas®, Loctite®... Dual-Spindle Automatic Tapping Machine
183 TANG AN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 鏜安 223 UNIVERSAL PRECISION SCREWS (India)
Customized Automotive Parts and Special Fasteners Dowel Pin and Shoulder Bolts...
16 THREAD INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 英德

Chipboard Screws, Flange Nuts, Heavy Nuts...
V 47 VERTEX PRECISION INDUSTRIAL CORP. 緯紘
254 TICHO INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. 帝潮 6 Cuts/ 8 Cuts Self Drilling Screws, Barrel Nuts, Cap Screws...
Nail Making Machine, Self-drilling Screw Forming Machine...
142 TINA FASTENER CO., LTD. 金榮達 W 188 WAN IUAN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 萬淵
Sems Screws, Weld Screws, Automotive Screws, Nuts... Punches/Dies of Various Nuts, Screws, Sleeves and Socket Boxes
52 TONG HEER FASTENERS (THAILAND) CO., LTD. 60 WE POWER INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 威力寶
Hex Bolts, Stud Bolts, Socket Cap Screws, Hex Nuts... Chipboard Screws, Concrete Screws, Drywall Screws...
52 TONG HEER FASTENERS CO., SDN. BHD (Malaysia) 81 WINLINK FASTENERS CO., LTD. 岡山東穎
Stainless Steel Metric Screws, Stainless Steel Screws… Stainless Steel Screws, Flange Bolts, Security Bolts, SEMS Screws...
Machines & Equipment
機械暨周邊設備區
W 28 WYSER INTERNATIONAL CORP. 緯聯 234 BIING FENG ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 秉鋒

Open-Die Parts, Automotive Parts... 236 CHAN CHANGE MACHINERY CO., LTD. 長薔
177 CHAO JING PRECISE MACHINES ENTERPRISE 朝璟
244 CHEN TAI FASTENER MACHINE CO., LTD. 成太
Y 286 YESWIN MACHINERY CO., LTD. 友信 232 CHIEN TSAI MACHINERY ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 鍵財
Bolt Formers, Multi-station Cold Forming Machines... 251 CHING CHAN OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 精湛
257 CHUN KAI MACHINERY CO., LTD. 駿凱
36 YI CHUN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 誼峻
228 CHUN ZU MACHINERY INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 春日
Cap Screws, Socket Set Screws, Cage Nuts, Automotive Parts...
256 DAH-LIAN MACHINE CO., LTD. 大連
100 YI HUNG WASHER CO., LTD. 益弘 225 GREENSLADE & COMPANY, INC.
Rubber Washers, Plastic Screws, Custom Washers... 238 GWO LIAN MACHINERY INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 國聯
249 GWO LING MACHINERY CO., LTD. 國菱
94 YING MING INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 穎明
292 JERN YAO ENTERPRISES CO., LTD. 正曜
Automotive & Motorcycle Special Screws / Bolts...
259 KEIUI INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 鎧渝
290 YOW CHERN CO., LTD. 侑城 287 LIAN SHYANG INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. 連翔
Flanged Head Bolts, Chipboard Screws, Floorboard Screws... 255 LIAN TENG MACHINERY INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 聯騰
230 MING TANG MACHINERY CO., LTD. (WEN YANG) 玟暘
62 YUH CHYANG HARDWARE INDUSTRIAL 鈺強
199 NISSEI CO., LTD.
Automotive & Motorcycle Special Screws / Bolts...
241 POINTMASTER MACHINERY CO., LTD. 昶詠
253 SUN FAME MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. 商匯
Z 151 Z & D PLATING CO., LTD. 瑞達信 254 TICHO INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. 帝潮
Precision Barrel Plating Finishes, Zinc & Zinc-Nickel Alloy... 243 UNITAPPING CO., LTD. 欣曜
286 YESWIN MACHINERY CO., LTD. 友信
151 Z & D PLATING CO., LTD. 瑞達信
Exhibitions 展覽 Tooling / Dies 工 / 模具區
166 PROJECT QATAR 2022 247 FRATOM FASTECH CO., LTD. 福敦

184 MTA VIETNAM 2022 233 GIAN-YEH INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 健業
279 MANUFACTURING EXPO 2022 (Thailand) 235 INFINIX PRECISION CORP. 英飛凌
282 VIETNAM WOOD 2022 205 KUO CHEN MOLD CO., LTD. 國鎮
283 FASTENER EXPO SHANGHAI 2022 258 TUNG FANG ACCURACY CO., LTD. 東鈁
288 MACHINE TOOLS & HARDWARE ASIA 188 WAN IUAN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 萬淵
080
081
Cover Story
ALWAYS WITH
A CONSTANT SERIES Ambrovit’s strong point is the logistics
and storage facility that is able to store over
OF INNOVATIONS
44,000 pallets and to manage 6,000 picking
lines per day.
These numbers allow us to have every product
requested by customers constantly available,
allowing a rapid preparation of orders and an
With more than 25 years of experience in the field of fastening systems,
equally rapid delivery with prompt satisfaction
Ambrovit is now one of the most important Italian and European distributors,
of the order. Our attention is constantly focused
in a market that presents a series of future challenges in front of which the
on order preparation processes so that they are
company based in Garlasco is ready with a constant series of innovations.
faster, more accurate and delivered quicker.
The company philosophy is based on continuous research, quality and
Ambrovit boasts a renewed and enlarged
change of different commercial and communication logics. To be more
paper and electronic catalogue, with more than
efficient for its customers, Ambrovit has invested in growth, constantly
12,000 articles ready for delivery.
renewing its structures.

Cover Story
Among the most significant recent additions we

recorded the expansion of the family of concrete screws,
rivets, and there are other coming news.
In addition to this important availability of products in
the catalogue, there is, as a strong point, an accurate quality
control of the marketed products that, where possible, are
equipped with CE marking, DoP and UNI, DIN and ISO
certifications.
Finally, from 2016 Ambrovit has obtained the ETA

certification for all the carpentry screws.
The ETA (European Technical Assessment) is a
certification that contains all the main characteristics and
performance of a construction product.
Also, the always renewed interactive catalogue

www.catalog.ambrovit.it/ is now an important working
tool for Ambrovit customers, who can find all the
technical information and product types. Realized in a
clear and easy-to-consult way, it is a fundamental tool for
work and sales.
As a positive fact, we can say that we have been able to continue
The company, always focused on the customer’s needs,
our already planned development programs such as the increase of
now has a greater number of packages in order to satisfy the
automation lines aimed at an even greater speed in processing orders
widest possible range of orders, with attention to those who
and consequently a faster delivery of products.
are looking for smaller packaging.
Our goal is to continue with all the activities already in place for our
Despite the terrible drama of recent years, new or
customers trying if ever to improve where possible.
forgotten synergies, especially in interpersonal relationships,
have come back to have a value in the whole market chain Ambrovit hopes to be able to resume soon its participation in the
of our sector, and among them, an even closer human and major world fairs of screws, bolts and fastening systems as these events,
professional collaboration with our customers. Values in addition to representing an important showcase of prestige, allow
that have contributed to continue our activities in the best the participants an intense exchange of ideas and the best point of
possible way. observation for future developments.

086
100
by Dean Tseng, Fastener World
Association
TFTA Holds Seminar on

Impact of Russia-Ukraine War
Members call for the government to help resolve shipment and finance obstacles
The Russia-Ukraine War shakes the world with the U.S., Europe
and Japan sanctioning Russian state-run banks and restricting
Russian payment flow. Taiwan exported USD 5.32 billion worth of
fasteners to the world in 2021. The export to Russia was USD 38.24
million (taking up 0.72%), and the export to Ukraine was USD 4.065
million (0.07%). Although Russia and Ukraine totaled 0.79% in shares,
the sanction ramping up thus far has first impacted Taiwanese
fastener companies trading with the two nations.
Taiwan sells fasteners to the whole world. The impact from

the Russia-Ukraine War is global and all-inclusive, so the future is
filled with an unknown ripple effect. In light of the impact, Taiwan Fastener Trading
Association (TFTA) held a seminar on the impact of Russia-Ukraine War on March 16,
inviting specialist Ms. Wu from Small and Medium Enterprise Administration and Grace
Chou from TAITRA Tainan Office to discuss with TFTA members their top obstacles in
“shipment”, “payment collection” and “financing”.
TFTA chairman Josh Chen said he received reports from many members lately who claimed they
were not able to collect the money, ship out the products, or that the cargo can’t reach the destination. He
said they were left with China as the only viable route to ship products, and therefore he is very concerned
with the serious impact from the Russia-Ukraine War. TFTA Vice chairman Mr. Chen Chi-Hung suggested
that TAITRA should sync up information with its local offices in Russia and Ukraine to provide fastener
companies with case-by-case consultation.
Former chairman Jimmy Chang said he observed that container companies are no longer handling
ships headed for Russia and Ukraine. He suggested to ship products into Russia through Dalian City of
China or Lithuania. Additionally, he said he has a Russian client who made payments via China’s “Cross-
border RMB Payment System”
Former chairman David Horng said the government’s solutions are often far from reflecting the reality. He said the
government should reflect the obstacles faced by the companies and lower the bars. Furthermore, to cope with unexpected
risks from the war, the government's solutions should include “risk funds” covered by the government.

Association
(Left to right)
Former chairman
Jimmy Chang,
incumbent chairman
Josh Chen, and
incumbent vice chairman
Chen Chi-Hung
Managing Director Jannus Lin of the Taiwan branch of Bufab said

Former chairman Bill she has many Russian clients. She called for the government which joins the
Chen sha red his trade sanction on Russia out of justice to not forget that the fastener companies are
experience to remind that the ones bearing the brunt of obstacles and not forget how they feel.
Russia and Ukraine are free
f rom A D t a xes be cause General manager Andes Wang and Ms. Vicky Lee from Advanced
they are not in the EU but Global Sourcing that said in the meeting they also met obstacles in
China’s products in the EU collecting payments. They suggested that the government and companies
region are cheaper and more should be farsighted and keep a close watch on if the war will affect the
competitive than Taiwan’s. fluctuations of Euro.
It is di f f icult to collect
deposits a nd Taiwa nese Grace Chou of TAITRA responded that TAITRA forecast that Euro is
companies have to set the payment deadline to at least 90 supposed to keep depreciating and TAITRA will continue to observe and
days later to be able to strike a business deal and compete study recent Euro fluctuations. TAITRA Specialist Ms. Wu said she had
with China. Moreover, there is an obstacle in shipment as invited TAITRA, The Export-Import Bank of the ROC, and the authorities
well. Ports of Odessa and Petersburg are sealed off due for credit guarantee fund to convene on March 1 for a solution. Currently
to the war. Trying to go through Port of Vladivostok will they have come up with a “Speedy Service Center” mainly providing SMEs
probably be met with congestion. with consultation on finance and payment.
Regarding the obstacle in payment collection, he Furthermore, Wu added that if companies need help with working funds
suggested to ask Russian clients if they could pay in RMB. and purchase orders, they can use the credit guarantee fund and collaborate
On market, he suggested to tap into Polish furniture market with banks. The funds provide a quota of NTD 150 million. If a company’s
and Turkish market to cope with the war. revenue drops by over 15%, it can skip being taken the guarantee fee. In
regard with obstacles the companies met with in shipment, the Maritime
Unistrong Industrial president Mr. Chen Chun-Ding Port Bureau arranged a discussion about shipment issues during the war on
pointed out that the top obstacle for the companies now is March 18. From the current situation (up to the date of the seminar), Russia
that their cargoes are stuck and they can’t ship out products. has yet to put a sanction on any Taiwanese fastener products.
He suggested that the government should first think
about how to help them ship out the products. In addition, Besides the credit guarantee fund, MOEA planned another solution with
we should look further after the war. President Chen is a lower threshold specifically for shipments to Russia and Ukraine which
optimistic about the post-war re-construction market and came out in April. The latest update was notified to TFTA and its members.
the business opportunities with the Polish market.
Unistrong Industrial Bufab (Taiwan) Advanced Global TAITRA Tainan SME Feng Yi Titanium Mr. Zhang Xiang-Lun
President Managing Director Sourcing G.M. Office Director Administration Fasteners G.M. of Vertex Precision
Chen Chun-Ding Jannus Lin Andes Wang Grace Chou specialist Ms. Wu Kern Hsiung Huang Industrial

149
Industry Focus
Taiwan’s 2021
Fastener Export Shows
a YoY Growth
18.03%
by Gang Hao Chang, Vice Editor-in-Chief of Fastener World
4 Major Categories Show 2-Digit Growth in Volume and Price

Taiwanese fastener industry saw an explosive growth in orders in 2021 and its export performance appeared a significant growth from
the same period in the previous year. The export volumes of its major categories including wood screws, self-tapping screws, bolts, and nuts
all revealed 2-digit growths. Nuts, in particular, showed the highest growth of 31.52%; both wood screws and self-tapping screws showed a
growth of nearly 20%; bolts also went up by over 10%. In terms of average prices, the growth of bolts was up to 15.10%; other self-tapping
screws, wood screws, and nuts showed growths of 14.17%, 10.08%, and 9.11%, respectively, with the growth of the avg. unit price being 13.66%.
According to the statistics, in the full year of 2021 Taiwanese fastener companies exported around 1.677 million tons to the world, with a YoY
increase of 18.03%.
Taiwan Had Nearly 50% of Fasteners Wire Rod Import Showed an Annual Growth of 59%; Low
Exported to the U.S. While European Carbon/Alloy Steel Took the Lion’s Share
Fastener Demand Increased Sharply In addition to wire rod supply from Taiwan CSC, Taiwanese manufacturers also
The U.S., Germany, the Netherlands, Japan, imported wire rod from overseas. In Q1 2021, Taiwan’s wire rod import showed a
and UK remained the top five destined countries sudden and sharp increase, but it dropped to the normal level after Q2. According
of Taiwan’s fastener export, with nearly 45% being to the statistics, Taiwan’s total wire rod import in 2021 reached 0.815 million tons.
exported to the U.S. (around 0.75 million tons at Major import items and shares were: low carbon steel (56%), alloy steel (28%), cold
the avg. price of USD 3.18 per KG). On the other forged materials (7%), high carbon steel (5%), medium carbon steel (2%), and quick
hand, Germany and the Netherlands were the main cutting steel (2%). Compared to the same period of 2020, the import volume of
gates for Taiwan’s fastener entry into European alloy steel surged by nearly 100% while the import volume of low carbon steel also
market. Germany and the Netherlands represented increased by over 50%. Major import origins and shares were: India (23%), S. Korea
13.91% of Taiwan’s total fastener export (around (17%), Vietnam (15%), Japan (10%), Russia (8%), and UK (7%). In the currently
0.23 million tons). Compared to the same period imbalanced situation between the supply and the demand, the import of wire rod
of last year, in addition to U.S. growth of 14.76%, will be favorable to make up for the insufficient capacity of Taiwan CSC.
Germany and the Netherlands revealed growths
of 20.30% and 36.82% respectively. The growth of Recovery of Global Industries Remains Strong; Fastener
UK, which has withdrawn from the EU, showed
the most significant growth margin at 45.39%.
Demand is Expectable
In Jan. 2022, Taiwan’s total export value reached US$ 58.87 bn, an annual
Continuous Growth in Export growth of 11.7%. The annual growth rate of basic metallic products even rose to
36.1%. Many domestic and overseas authoritative units (e.g., DGBAS, CIER, TIER,
Volumes and Reaching a New High in IMF, ADB, HIS Markit) have also forecast that Taiwan’s GDP in 2022 will remain
Q4 2021 at least above 3%, showing their optimistic attitude toward the development of
Taiwanese industries. The International Economic Development Index for Jan.
Over the past 3 years, Taiwan exported around
2022 Taiwan’s National Development Council published also revealed that Taiwan’s
0.3-0.4 million tons of fasteners to the world every
economy was in the phase of “stable and healthy growth (yellow to red light)”. In
quarter. In 2019, Taiwan’s export started to decline
addition, U.S. DoC’s released documents also showed that the number of housing
quarter after quarter, but after declining to the
starts in the U.S. in Jan. 2022 was better than those in the same periods of the
level below 0.3 million tons it started to rebound.
previous 3 years. U.S. housing starts in Jan. 2022 reached more than 1.6 million
After Q1 2021 it started to appear continuous
units. For Taiwanese fastener suppliers exporting nearly 50% of their products to
growth and reached a 3-year new high in Q4 2021,
the U.S., it is expected that they will be significantly benefited. In light of related
which was an increase from 0.376 million tons
indices and global industrial development trends, fastener demand may keep a
in Q1 2021 to 0.398 million tons in Q4 2021 (a
growing trend for a really long time.
quarterly increase of 1.24% and an annual increase
of 15.12%). (Data sources: Taiwan CSC, NDC, U.S. DoC, Taiwan Customs, TIFI)

Industry Focus
Surging Int’l Steel Price Gives Fastener Suppliers a

Difficult Time Sustaining Normal Operation
Due to a drastic increase in industrial demands, the influence on suppliers’ capacities amid Russia-Ukraine War, price fluctuations
of int’l iron ore, and hiking price of hard coking coal, the int’l steel prices have been increasing for several months, which has also
made the material prices for downstream steel users continue to go up.
Chinese Steel Market European Steel Market

According to the statistics of China’s The curve pattern of European steel prices is similar to that of U.S. steel prices. It
National Bureau of Statistics, the annual crude went down to a low point roughly in mid-2020 and suddenly hiked to US$1,191 per ton
steel production of China in 2021 reached within one year. Then, it again dropped to the level of around US$800 per ton within 6
1.03 bn tons, down 2.9% from the same period months and started to rebound. The main reason is: Since 01/01/2022, the agreement on
of last year. After May 2021, the crude steel steel and aluminum taxes between the U.S. and Europe has officially come into force.
production of China continued to decline month On the other hand, increasing global energy prices, carbon neutrality, Russian-Ukraine
after month, while the same period ratios, War greatly impacting semi-finished products supply, and stable growth of European
compared to the previous year, also started to end-users’ demand, have continuously pushed the steel prices upward. The current avg.
drop after July 2021 (with the decline margin market price of hot-rolled steel products in Europe is in the range of US$1,000-1,100 per
becoming larger and larger). Then, after Dec. ton.
2021, the production started to rise back. The
current avg. market price of hot-rolled steel Southeast Asian (Vietnamese) Steel Market
products in China lands at around US$ 723 per
ton. The curve pattern of steel prices of Vietnam (one of the main hot-rolled steel
products manufacturing heartlands in Southeast Asia) is similar to those of Europe and
U.S. Steel Market the U.S. as well. In around mid-2020 it appeared a great and sharp growing curve and
grew from US$400 per ton to the highest US$1,050 within just one year (almost close
The avg. price of hot-rolled steel products to the quote of Europe), and then dropped again to US$770. Benefited by the gradually
in the U.S. reached a new low at US$493 in loosened pandemic control measures in many Southeast Asian countries for boosting
Aug. 2020. Within just one year, it quickly rose economic development, the production resumption of downstream steel using industries,
to US$2,163 and dropped back again to the and the increasing quotes for exported items due to the policy of limited production
level of around US$1,000 within just 6 months. in China, the steel prices of Vietnam are also expected to continuously increase. The
However, as the U.S. has successively reached current avg. market price of hot-rolled steel products in Vietnam is US$855 per ton.
agreements on the issues about steel and
aluminum taxes with Europe, Japan, and many Summary
other countries, domestic U.S. steel plants have
also gradually increased their production, plus To generalize various factors that may impact steel prices and the current strongly
inflation, Russia-Ukraine War, the upcoming supported steel prices in different regional markets, it is expected that the steel prices in
high season (April) for U.S. construction China, Europe, the U.S., and Southeast Asia will continue to grow. In mid-March this
industry, the 1.3 trillion US Infrastructure Bill year, Taiwan’s China Steel Corp. (CSC) also announced that its price adjustment for
officially approved by the Senate and the House fastener-related wire (low carbon/medium-to-high carbon/cold forged/low alloy) was
of Representatives, and many other favorable +2,200 NTD per ton and the avg. price adjustment margin was +5.83%. If the trend of “the
factors, U.S. steel market has appeared a demand greater than the supply” remains unchanged, Russia-Ukraine War continues to
rebound from the lowest bottom. The current force materials-related producers to reduce or halt production, and the situations like
avg. market price of hot-rolled steel products in blocked int’l shipment routes and port congestion continue to exist, in the short term the
the U.S. is US$1,120 per ton. high wire rod cost will still be a tough issue that downstream fastener companies have to
deal with.
ld
or
Industry Focus r W
ne 22
ste , 20
Financial Reports
a
F 21
d by pril
ile n A
m p ed o
of Fastener Companies
o
C at
d
Up
Monetary unit in millions

U.S.A. Financial Operating
Pre-tax
Net Income
2021 vs.
(USD) Net Sales Gross Profit Income 2020
Year Income (Loss)
(Loss) Total Assets
2021 33,974,558 6,465,902 --- 1,414,472 1,113,472
31,766,258
2020 27,590,653 4,915,202 --- 65,450 50,450 vs.
31,238,071
Change (%) +23.1 +31.5 --- +20.6 + 2,100
2021 1,425.967 --- 10.314 (50.116) (38.332)
2,562.922
2020 1,368.295 --- 65.766 (33.938) (24.499) vs.
2,468.618
Change (%) +4.2 --- -84.3 --- ---
Europe Financial Year Sales

Operating Profit
(Loss)
Net Profit
(Loss)
2021 vs. 2020
Total Assets
2021 1,163.897 55.862 44.048
1,924.401
2020 1,229.958 (28.109) (37.321) vs.
1,859.324
(EUR) Change (%) -5.3 --- ---
2021 vs. 2020

Financial Year Revenue Net Profit Net Income
Total Assets
2021 1,091.9 56.1 ---
1,498.2
2020 952.2 5.5 --- vs.
1,414.7
(EUR) Change (%) +14.6 +920 ---
2021 1,897.3 298.6 248.0

1,839.1
2020 1,707.1 225.3 184.8 vs.
1,684.1
(CHF) Change (%) +11.1 +32.5 +34.1
2021 942.8 --- 35.9

1,289.4
2020 869.7 --- 20.8 vs.
1,214.4
(EUR) Change (%) +8.4 --- +72.5
S. Korea Operating Profit Net Profit 2021 vs. 2020

(KRW) Financial Year Sales
(Loss) (Loss) Total Assets
2021 297,669 1,761 (13,965)
355,940
2020 271,507 (2,437) (15,677) vs.
364,552
Change (%) +9.6 --- ---

45
48
8-
00
4
45
23 48
25 8-
8- 00
00 4
5
23 45
25 48
8- 8-
00 00 63
5 4 64
7-
45 00
48 1
8- 63
00 64
4 7-
00
1

Industry Focus
Taiwan Financial
Operating Pre-tax
Net Profit
2021 vs.
(NTD) Revenue Gross Profit Profit Profit 2020
Year (Loss)
(Loss) (Loss) Total Assets
2021 7,107.713 1,746.843 1,229.756 1,262.269 982.947
8,385.910
2020 5,072.643 1,020.442 657.363 759.817 601.536 vs.
7,720.904
Change (%) +40.1 +71.1 +87.0 +66.1 +63.4
2021 1,426.205 166.088 (117.173) (105.369) (96.729)

4,305.727
2020 1,704.031 325.967 33.645 51.066 59.832 vs.
4,390.290
Change (%) -16.3 -49.0 --- --- ---
China Operating 2021 vs. 2020

(RMB) Financial Year Revenue Pre-tax Profit Net Profit
Profit Total Assets
2021 393.970 86.099 86.261 75.864

355,940
2020 344.654 94.460 93.717 91.274 vs.
364,552
Change (%) +14.3 -8.8 -7.9 -16.8

158
159
Editorial
Editorial
by Gang Hao Chang,
Vice Editor-in-Chief of Fastener World
Since the beginning of this April, the number of Covid-19

cases of the whole world seems to have risen again. Be
it regional lockdowns in Shanghai or Beijing, the outburst
of more than 10,0 0 0 Covid cases per day in Taiwanese
community, or the current pandemic situation in the West,
which is “sometimes good and sometimes bad,” all posed very
Lockdowns in Shanghai big challenges to the global supply chain. As of April 29, the
Choke the Global Supply cumulative cases of Covid-19 around the world have broken
Chain / the mark of 0.5 billion. The pandemic control measures-
Manufacturing Faces incurred manufacturing line stoppages, the terrible mess in
Difficulties in Getting international major transportation ports, surge in raw material
pr ic e s c ause d by Rus sia - Uk r aine War w hic h has b e en
Materials launched for months, and shortages of material supply have
All those chaos caused by all put the global industrial supply chain into a chaos. Although
the lockdowns in Shanghai this the fastener manufacturing hear tland in Southern Taiwan
time have actually given many currently does not report a significant number of Covid cases
international leading companies yet and their capacities still maintain rather smooth operation,
an awakening blow. As Shanghai experts estimate that unless the viruses suddenly disappear
is one of the major shipment hubs one day, otherwise fastener suppliers and the global industries
for the global industrial supply all have to gradually get used to live their lives in a world
chains, its satellite cities are where the viruses are all around.
where many manufacturers are
located and it is deeply connected
with various supply chains around reveals the private worries that the industrial supply chain is currently relying
the world. This wave of pandemic too heavily on one single supply. To consider some external factors such as
made many China-based foreign high shipment costs, long lead times, etc., “Purchasing locally” may be
companies mandated by local an alternative for buyers. For example, Ambrovit, Eurotec, Fixi,
authorities to stop manufacturing, Sunco, Nissei, Beneri, and Klimas featured in this issue all have
and several overseas excellent technology and service to meet the instant demands of
manufacturers relying heavily the fastener industry locally in the shortest time.
on the supply of raw materials
and industrial components
from China gradually faced the To view from the perspectives of labor or the competitive edge of
dilemmas of supply shortages in manufacturing costs, in addition to China, in the Far East there are also
production (for example, some several other professional suppliers having excellent technology and the
car manufacturers have to halt ability to provide products with stable performance/price ratios. Many Asian
their production for at least a few fastener manufacturing heartlands including Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam
weeks due to the lack of critical in Southeast Asia, India in South Asia, and even Japan and S. Korea in
parts supply), which also fully Northeast Asia all play their own critical roles in risk dispersion. In this issue,

Editorial
Ye Fong offering high alloy wire, Cheng I Taiwanese fastener industry is expected to continue to
Wire Machinery, Chen Tai Fastener Machine, perform well.
Pointmaster Machinery, Ching Chan Optical
Technology, Chao Jing Precise Machine
As Taiwan’s fasteners are mainly exported to the
and Asia Technical Services that can help
U.S. showing great domestic demand and European
manufacturing run smoother are all excellent
countries with booming high-end manufacturing, In
examples of companies which can help
addition to standard parts for basic industrial demands,
customers keep good quality control and
higher value-added fasteners applied to the
enhance their brand value.
automotive and high-end industries and those
more compliant with environmental regulations,
In addition to these companies, Fastener World customized and of high precision will gradually
Global Sourcing Web (www.fastener-world.com) become the purchasing focus of European and
provides tens of thousands of superior suppliers U.S. buyers in the future and will be a direction
database anytime anywhere and can analyze buyers’ to which Taiwanese fastener manufacturers
inquiries instantly to complete business matchmaking should dedicate themselves when they plan to
and help deal with the urgent demand of the add product categories, establish new factories
manufacturing and supply chain in a quicker way. or extend their service range. As a result, they
can leave their following competitors further behind as
quickly as possible and continue to strive for more power
Taiwanese Fastener Industry Faces a of discourse in critical European and U.S. fastener
Smaller Impact from the Pandemic and demanding markets.
Continues to Provide Support to Major
Industrialized Countries
According to a newly released market report

about the latest Taiwanese fastener export, in Jan.
2022 Taiwan exported over 150 thousand tons of
fasteners to the whole world in a single month,
up 16.35% from the same period of last year. If
compared with the 4th quarter of 2021, it even grew
21.11%. The total export value reached around US$
0.57 bn, up 41.09% from the same period of last
year. If compared with the 4th quarter of 2021, it
also grew 19.16%. The average unit price landed at
US$ 3.69 per KG, which appeared a slight drop of
1.61% from the 4th quarter of 2021, but still showed
a significant increase of 21.25% from the same
period of last year. Taiwan’s fasteners were mainly
shipped to the U.S., Germany, the Netherlands,
Japan, UK, and many other major industrialized
countries. The top 10 exported categories included:
Other Screws and Bolts (7318159000), Self-tapping
Screws (7318140000), Nuts (7318160000), Wood
Screws (7318120000), Steel Nails (7317009010),
Other Non-threaded Products (7318290000), Other
Washers (7318220000), Other Threaded Products
(7318190000), Rivets (7318230000), Pins and Cotter
Pins (7318240000). In terms of volume or value,
Taiwan’s fastener export maintained a significant
growing trend and the unit price also grew 15-30%
from the same period of last year. The situation of

168
Annual Special Column:
The Great by Dean Tseng, Fastener World
European Market
I
n a time to coexist with the virus, the European economy is recovering with a burst
of potential business opportunities. This is added with the war accelerating military
and construction demand and a strong purchase demand for EV in Europe which are
expected to increase fastener demand. This is the right time for Fastener World to put up a
column dedicated to and interviewing select companies that are looking to sell to Europe,
as well as local European companies with a reputation. Through their eyes, we will unveil
the hidden gems in Europe’s business opportunity.

Europe Highlights
The “Proud to be Polish”
Quality Fasteners Sweep Global Construction Market
Klimas Sp. z o.o.
Starting off producing plastic elements in 1990 in
Poland, Klimas evolved quickly into a manufacturer
and designer of fasteners for the global construction
industry, investing in unmatched product quality and
top-class European equipment which meet the most
demanding market expectations.
Now a member of European Association for

ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite
System), the company is developing professional
fastening systems for wall insulation in accordance
with the requirements of ETICS. Its participation
is particularly important in the age of ecological
awareness and sustainable development.
Klimas focused on developing the southern and

eastern and then western European markets. It has
operations in India, the Czech Republic and France,
and its distribution network is expanding to Srilanka, Minimized Dependence on a Single Supply
Bangladesh, Oman, Qatar among others. “Today
we can confidently say we are a global supplier of
Chain, a Must Amid Global Uncertainty
fastening techniques, and we are further expanding Producing in its own factories in Poland and not depending on external suppliers,
production facilities.” Klimas is hardly affected by the AD tax on China’s fasteners and can maintain
its price level. When Russia attacks Ukraine, the fact that both countries are large
producers and exporters of raw materials has disrupted many industry activities. “Our
Innovative 40%-time-saving strategy of minimizing dependence on a single supply chain allows us to be highly
Carpentry Screws in the flexible and adaptable to changing conditions. This is also facilitated by the global
Making nature of our business and logistics based on digital tools, and thus results in our
successively opening offices.”
Currently the company’s R&D is locked on a
group of wood products that play a big role in the The company predicts that transformation to saving energy and low-carbon-
development of sustainable wooden construction. emission materials dictates the future. “We are seeing enormous progress in
“We have a vast portfolio of wood fasteners including technologies for thermal renovation of buildings such as ETICS insulation systems, as
construction screws and distance screws which have well as wood construction technology meeting the criteria of sustainable construction.
excellent durability, aesthetics, ergonomics, safety, In our products we implement new anti-corrosion SQ Ceramic Coatings instead of
and save your time. We have developed a new milling zinc coating. We use electro-economical injection molding machines and hardening
tip which, thanks to the additional thread turns, furnaces from which we recover heat, as well as electrostatic and cartridge filters
significantly reduces the resistance to screwing and that meet emission standards, and we also recycle raw materials. We even started
easily cuts through wood fibers. Our ETA certified to implement sustainable development activities even before the ESG concept was
wood screws with this specially shaped milling tip formed.”
allow you to work without pre-drilling, even with
larger diameter screws. The additional cutting notches
responsible for cutting the fibers in combination with Construction Company of the Year Award
the new milling tip reduce the resistance and speed up Winner
the screwing process by up to 40%.” The Chapter of the Builder Awards awarded the company as
the Construction Company of the Year. “It gives our product
the hallmarks of durability, quality and versatility. To meet this
challenge, we must constantly work on perfection. It is a mission that
provides the basis and courage to take important steps and decisions
that have driven and continue to drive our development into a family
business that has stood STRONG FOR GENERATIONS.”
» Contact: Maciej Strychalski, Marketing Director

Email: m.strychalski@wkret-met.com

Europe Highlights
EUROTEC GMBH
3.5 Million
Monthly Capacity,
Self-sustaining
Production &
Unparallel Know-how
An expert in complex timber constructions and deck projects
as well as a 23-year reputable manufacturer of construction
screws, anchors, tools and related products, EUROTEC (Hagen,
Germany) produces over 3.5 million screws (diameter 6-13mm;
length 160-3,000mm) a month and is still looking to expand
capacity. Its injection molding machines offer complex, small
and multidimensional plastic parts especially for deck and garden
construction, aside from adjustable pedestals and various adapters in
its product line.
The company offers solutions for highly stressed wood

connections. From simple wood construction fasteners to innovative
high-performance connectors, it has the unparallel know-how and
quality assurance to ensure DIN EN ISO 9001 compatible high
quality fasteners. Batches produced daily are strictly checked for
conformity to drawings, functionality, appearance and customer and running. Adding machines that will go operational in Q2
specifications and European Technical Approval. 2022 will supply its increased material demand.
As a manufacturer instead of a distributor, EUROTEC

Deck Software + EiSYS-2 Software has an edge in not being subject to unpredictable shipping
With an input of a few key parameters, the free user-friendly times, freight costs, lockdowns and AD tax on China. It has
Deck Software by EUROTEC offers a selection of items for full control of supply chain, product development and quality
substructure, the support for the substructure, the materials for to adapt on the fly, guaranteeing high product availability. The
fastening the decking boards, as well as preliminary dimensioning pandemic has taught it about social responsibility and made it
service provided by EUROTEC construction experts. EiSYS-2 gives an even more employee-friendly company by allowing flexible
an overview of the quantities of facade/adjusting screws required for work time and working from home.
corresponding construction projects, helping customers in efficient
material planning. Next Goal: Self-sustaining
Production
EUROTEC’s Take on the Latest Trend EUROTEC’s primary target for the coming years is clearly
in Europe to further increase production by several times and be self-
As noted by EFDA, the AD tax on fasteners originating in China sustaining in supplying and producing the whole range of
will have a ripple effect on European fastener supply. EUROTEC’s fasteners. Also, it wants to integrate more and more production
decision to expand production in response is expected to bring processes and technologies in-house. It noted that wood
benefits and cover the demand from in-house production. Also, the structures with an advantage in CO² reduction over cement and
pandemic plagues Europe with delayed/unfulfilled delivery, shortage concrete remains an important topic in Europe in the midst
of materials and finished goods, and procurement challenges, so of climate debate. Solid wood construction will become more
doubling EUROTEC’s production area to 6,000 sqm and adding present and important; therefore EUROTEC will make itself as
modern machines should cover market demand and create new jobs. independent as possible from third parties and be the reliable
The company requires 60 tons of wire a week to keep production up specialist for future fastening technology.
» Contact: Joern Rueschenschmidt, Global Sales Manager Email: j.rueschenschmidt@eurotec.team

Europe Highlights
1.4 Million Types of

Japan High Quality
Fasteners for Speedy
Delivery to Europe
Sunco Industries Co., Ltd.
If you are looking for JIS quality-guaranteed fasteners for any types of assembly
Vigorous Investment
and applications, you will definitely go for a source with a huge collection and in IT and Cutting-edge
lightning-fast delivery to your country outside of Japan. If you haven’t guessed it, I’m Aerospace Industry
referring to the top fastener distributor in eastern Osaka (heartland of Japan’s fastener T h is awa r d-r e cog n i z e d Ja pa n ese
manufacture) named Sunco Industries which literally lives on its catch phrase: “There’s f a s t e n e r d i s t r i b u t o r n ow c o m bi n e s
no fasteners that we don’t have in stock”. Already known in many parts of the world, mathematical model and IT to improve
this fastener warehouse giant partners with local distributors in many countries, and business and customer support. Particularly
helps companies in and outside Japan to procure JIS fasteners. Collaborating with over to tack le COVI D-19 a nd t he ensui ng
1,200 Japanese fastener suppliers, Sunco Industries has an IT-driven mega distributing supply chain disruption. President of Sunco
center and an automated pallet flow warehouse and provides inventory service to help Industries wrote an app by himself and uses
clients expand market shares. it in the company to swiftly and successfully
monitor infections and contain the spread
of the virus, thereby making preventions to
Turning One of the Focuses to Europe; stabilize product supply to customers.
Apt Strengths for Japanese Tailored Service Another step forward for the company
Sunco Industries tells Fastener World that a large amount of Japanese machines is to support an aerospace rocket project
are used in Europe, typically machine tools and electric appliances. Maintaining these run by Interstellar Technologies. “We
machines requires using JIS fasteners, but many local distributors have given up profiting supply fasteners to this project. Each rocket
from this business because they don’t know where to purchase and it is hard to purchase uses about 2,500 fasteners, and it is our
a small amount of fasteners they need, much less the long distance between Europe and mission statement to invest in this emerging
Japan. “We’d like to help support them in expanding this business.” industry and inspire people to widen the use
of fasteners.”
To that end, the company carries its strengths to Europe, including: (1) 1.4 million
types of JIS fasteners and 200 thousand instant-delivery items in stock; (2) Next day
shipment arrangement available; (3) Support for all delivery methods; (4) Access to The Next Step Into This
“3Q Net Service” available for customers to check items in stock and inventory status; Year
(5) Offering quality products; (6) Having RoHS and other certificates; (7) Support for The company enabled “3Q Net Service”
various materials, sizes interface with English support at the end
and heat treatments. To of April and next it will put its English
the European market, the corporate website online in 2023. It is
compa ny re com mends planning to introduce an advanced graphic
its JIS standard fasteners, processing system into the mega distribution
noting that its bestsellers center and “rotary rack technology” into the
are slim head fasteners automated warehouse for more inventory
(saving space), washer- space and faster delivery. With a Guinness
assembled screws, world record in having the most long-lived
products assembled with female employee (aged 90) still contributing
spring washers, and hex herself, Sunco Industries proves itself as one
socket screws. of the happiest workplace and a sustainable
business supporting customers in need of
fasteners.
» Contact: Mr. Tomokazu Takada Email: takada@sunco.co.jp

Europe Highlights
New Product Ready for Europe!

High Productivity/Efficiency/Speed
Screw Forming Machine
Chao Jing Precise Machines Enterprise Co., Ltd.
Serving Customers Right from the
Fastener Kingdom in Taiwan
Chao Jing, a Taiwanese fastener machine manufacturer with a
reputation for quality, provides products including screw forming machines,
heading machines, thread rolling machines, and special parts forming
machines. Headquartered in Yunlin County in northern Taiwan, Chao Jing
has most of its customers from Gangshan (Kaohsiung City) in the south
which takes 1 to 1.5 hours to arrive. Therefore, the company decided to
set up a southern branch office to offer better and immediate service. The
company said the headquarters in Yunlin focuses on assembling and R&D
to continuously provide customers with better products and more precise
machines at reasonable prices.
High-Speed Screw Forming Machine

New Product Launched Expands Sales in Europe
The global economy has suffered setbacks in the past two years, but it never puts a stop to Chao Jing. The company used the time to invest
in the development of new products and successfully rolled out "2-die 2-stroke screw forming machine". The machine improves production
efficiency, in every minute producing 360 pieces of 50mm screws or 300 pieces of 100mm screws, or 20 pieces of 150m screws. In addition, it
provides a strong competitive edge by saving more than 50% space for European and global customers. Chao Jing is also planning to roll out
multi-stroke high-speed screw forming machines this year with undoubtedly excellent performance in efficiency and stability.
Besides the new product, customization is another advantage of Chao Jing that no other companies can compete with. "Many customers
have done studies on machines and they provide us with feedback. We hold meetings discussing all positive and negative suggestions. Through
conversations, we keep improving our machine structure and bring the benefits from these experiences and maximized production efficiency
back to consumers so they can use better machines to manufacture higher quality products." Taiwan's fastener industry has been transitioning to
high-end products in recent years. To be the strongest support for customers, machinery factories must improve themselves. Chao Jing doesn’t
take quality control lightly. It requires that processing partners improve the precision of manufactured parts, and that assembly should comply
to drawings and process requirements provided by the design department.
Optimistic About the Turkish Market;

En Route to Product Expansion in Europe
and the World
Chao Jing analyzed that Turkey locates in a strategic position at the crossroads
between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, and it has experienced stable
economic development in the past decade. Metal fasteners, hand tools and lock
industries are among the primary industries for Turkey, and there are many
automotive and components companies in this country. Most of the neighboring
countries are major auto countries, giving Turkey with an annually escalating
market scale an important role in the global automotive manufacturing chain.
Besides Turkey, Chao Jing is looking forward to the business opportunities in
neighboring European countries and planning to expand product sales in Europe
and even the global market.
The company believes that Taiwanese fastener machine companies should actively acquire international certificates because CE and other
EU certificates are regarded as the tickets for manufacturers to enter the European market. Products with international certificates can give
customers a boost of confidence and recognition for small enterprises, and motivate them to purchase. "We will continue to improve ourselves.
We will spread our machines to every corner of the world when the whole world market is open!"
» Contact: Ms. Avi Chen Email: cj _ avichen@yahoo.com

Europe Highlights
Highly Evaluated Inspection Service Company

from Asia for Global Suppliers
Asia Technical Services
Asia Technical Services (Asiatec) mainly provides inspection and calibration service
as well as represents European product brands. It was founded in 1976, providing service
where it does a final pre-shipment inspection on samples onsite for overseas clients
purchasing fasteners, hardware, and hand tools. With the market demand for traceability,
it established an ISO 17025 certified torque & length (ring gage, plug gage, wire gage)
calibration lab, and a hardness test lab. Besides, Asiatec began to represent KISTLER
(SCHATZ) torque / clamping force analyzing system, microGLEIT water-based lubricant,
Doerken Coatings, n-gineric Intelligent sensor, and IAC measuring system. In recent years
it optimized the equipment to expand length calibration range for ring gage (up to 150mm),
plug gage (up to 145mm), and conical ring gage (up to M85). Last year it purchased a new
system for the torque calibration lab to enhance the calibration quality and services. It also
simplifies and digitalizes procedures to reduce paper and printing use as well as carbon
emission, gradually transitioning to ESG fulfillment within the company.
Bridging Product Inspection for Europe and Asia

“Europe resembles Taiwan in terms of the industry structure which consists of many
family businesses. We can tell this from several overseas brands we represent. These
European brands are at their best with their specialties providing flexible solutions for
customers. This propels us to continue going further into the European market.” With a
knowledge of the industry and experience in inspection, Asia Technical Services supports
customers to maximize the competitiveness for their brands, while bringing the latest
focus and know-how from Europe to the Asian market.
The significance of QA department is often overlooked because QA carries the highest

maintenance cost, and its value hardly appears on financial records. “We entered the European
market relatively early, and that brings us an advantage of knowing what clients think and getting
close with related industries. On the other hand, we are familiar with Taiwan’s industry structure,
and it helps us to act as a QA department in Asia for clients. Our experience allows us to utilize
abundant resources to quickly respond to the problems and provide on-site and real-time support
for customers who are looking for suited products in Taiwan. These are the values that we have to
sustain till this day.”
Taiwan can Support Post-pandemic and Post-war

Global Fastener Inspection Demand
The company observed that after the world market reopens progressively, business activities
and demand are headed in a positive direction. “An example is KISTLER (SCHATZ) analyse
system and microGLEIT lubricant products which we represent have increased sales in Europe
after a recent expansion in automotive manufacturing plants and production lines of the
electronics industry.” However, these benefits still come with huge uncertainty and variable
factors now with the influence of Russia-Ukraine war and the rising interest rate by Fed. “Europe “Any changes with the environment,
is in for many challenges amid the aftermath of inflation and war. Energy and food shortages op erati ng process, mat er ia ls, a nd
could slow down economic recovery, but there is always an opportunity in reconstruction. We supplie r s cou ld lea d to r e c eivi ng
hope the strengths of Taiwan’s fastener items would be an important momentum to support the products that don’t align with the ones
region.” previously discussed, especially now
when more and more discussions are
Further into Europe and out into the Americas done via online meetings. Through our
The company believes the characteristics of Taiwanese fasteners will attract more overseas on-site service and instant assistance, we
buyers. Asiatec will enhance connection with the European market, introduce its inspection hope to increase customers’ confidence
service and strengths to more clients overseas, and renew to the up-to-date information from the in purchasing from Taiwan or Asia,
product brands it represents. Apart from Europe, its focus market, Asiatec plans to expand market c r ea t i ng mu lt i-fa c et e d va lues for
shares in North America. businesses.”
» Contact: Michael Wu, Manager Email: michael@asiatec.com
Europe Highlights
Nissei’s PLB (Perfect Lock Bolt)

Has a Version 2 Upgrade!
Now Targeting Users & Licensees in Europe & the U.S.
★Ad page 199★
The one and only PLB anti-loosening bolt had its debut
Single-step Tightening for Best
introduction on Fastener World Magazine several years ago Anti-loosening
and made a great hit on the market for its high performance. PLB v2 is an anti-loosening bolt consisting of a dual-thread
In a nutshell, this is a dual-thread and dual-nut anti-loosening bolt shaft and two nuts with different thread lead angles. The first
structure exclusive to Nissei Co., Ltd., a special bolt developer and nut with a larger lead angle on the bolt is a multi-thread nut; the
manufacturer with high reputation and customers’ trust in Japan. outer or secondary nut on the bolt is a single-thread nut. When
Now called “PLB v2”, this Perfect Lock Bolt has taken a step PLB v2 is subjected to vibration or a loosening force of any
further to cater to even better performance and higher usability, form, the force initiates rewinding on the inner nut. The slow-
targeting not just Japan but also Europe and the world market. moving outer nut will block the inner nut's progression, which
forms a mechanical lock which is the secret to PLB v2’s anti-
loosening design that no other fastening system has achieved.
This mechanical lock mechanism is a stark contrast to other
systems using “friction” to defy loosening, creating best benefits
for users including unrivaled high-anti loosening force, ease
in maintenance and extensive usability. Traditional double nut
type bolt demonstrates moderate anti-loosening performance,
while the usability is challenging because two or three tightening
procedure is needed. In contrast, PLB v2 can achieve outstanding
anti-loosening performance by demonstrating the highest rank
with the Junker vibration test according to ISO 16130 and
usability performance by tightening in a single action, which are
great upgrade features from the first generation.
Industry Breakthrough from
Nissei’s Thread Rolling
Technology
Around 20 years ago, the industry conceived of a
design where two different screw shapes form the coaxial
portion. The manufacturing was challenging, because
cutting was the only method available and it is more time-
consuming than rolling, and it also raises price since it
doesn’t allow for mass production. One time a professor
asked if Nissei could manufacture the design using thread
rolling. It gave the company an idea to develop the first
generation of PLB. With trials and customers’ feedback,
the company eventually created the thread rolling dies for
manufacturing “PLB v2”, a next-generation and globally-
patented breakthrough from its predecessor.
Expand PLB v2 Application to Europe

and USA
With its predecessor PLB sold in North America and used on belt
conveyors and vibrating sifters, PLB v2 is used mainly where severe
vibration occurs such as mines in Japan. Nissei is looking to expand on
PLB v2 and seeks licensees in Europe and USA that manufacture and
sell it under the license agreement worldwide. There are great benefits
with licensees since they aren’t bound by one manufacturing method
such as cutting, rolling, and die casting. Nissei believes PLB v2 will solve
all issues with bolt loosening and encourages users by offering samples
for them to try to use PLB v2 wherever bolt loosening occurs.
» Contact: Yuki Okimoto, Engineer

Email: plb _ bolt@nisseiweb.co.jp
▲PLB v2 thread rolling dies

Europe Highlights
Italian Fastener Brand Doubles
Sales Overseas
FIXI s.r.l. ★Ad page 187★
FIXI stands for Italian high quality with a
focus on fasteners for sheet metals, plastics and
solid components, supplying threaded inserts,
blind rivets, clinching fasteners, welding studs,
self-tapping threaded inserts, wire inserts,
brass and stainless steel inserts and studs. The
company’s domestic branches in Italy (VPL, 3V,
ETS, UA and CSI) have their own warehouses
and sales forces, dedicated to serving particularly
the end customers who use FIXI fastener
systems. The company also serves customers
from America to Australia, working from its
export headquarters in Turin, mostly through
long-time collaborative distributors or directly
with a few key customers.
Double Sales Growth & New Lineup

The company offers customers solutions for any fastener needs. Since 2017,
it doubled its international sales derived from many improvements in logistics,
product offering and customer service. It also increased warehouses space to
make for bigger volumes of fasteners available for fast delivery to customers. It
introduced its own quality lab and the sales teams have grown with the specialty
and skills to serve customers worldwide covering more than 5 spoken languages.
The product line has increased by introducing a new series of inserts used on
round and square tubes as well as a full line of self-tapping inserts.
Staying Price Competitive in an Era of

Global Challenges
The virus hasn't taken down FIXI, as the company was only affected in
around mid-2020 and has bounced back to normal since the end of that year,
even outgrowing the years before the virus outbreak. Despite an increase in
operation cost as a result of EU’s antidumping measure effective this February,
the company keeps its prices as much competitive as possible to continue to grow with partners. FIXI puts in many efforts and resources
in building a stock level able to last through a critical time like this. As a distributor it relies on strong and trustworthy collaboration with
multiple sources to guarantee continuous supply for the future. Following its quality and environmental policy, FIXI is only working
with companies able to meet international standards for sustainability and ESG. Flexible and quick in responding to opportunities and
challenges, FIXI has even anticipated the market changes over the last years.
The FIXI Way: Quality, Delivery and Price

Growth is good but growing too fast isn’t. That’s why the company will focus on escalating domestic and international sales, while
keeping high quality service at competitive prices for all customers and introducing new products according to the new market needs.
It will follow the strategy that grows itself into one of the most important players of the fastener industry in Italy and Europe. In simple
words: high quality products certified for all demanding sectors, fast delivery, and competitive prices!
» Contact: Federico Sarti, International Business Developer Email: export@fixi.it

Europe Highlights
Award-proven
Leading
Retaining Rings/
Washers from
Italy to Support
Global Demand
Beneri S.p.a.
★Ad page 197★
BENERI SpA is a leading manufacturer of
standard metric and inch retaining rings and
washers with over 60 years of experience. In
the past 5 years it has been focused on further
improving quality standards and delivery service.
It has introduced a new range of DIN 471 / DIN 472
“Higher-Performance Retaining Rings” with standard sizes but extremely tight dimensional tolerances that are far below DIN standards
requirements, dedicated to companies/OEMs using automatic feeding systems and mainly involved in the automotive and electronic device
industries. Implementing a huge stock and on-time delivery has been its key point with customers.
Distributors Deployed Worldwide for Global Demand

For decades, BENERI has been selling worldwide solely through distributors instead of directly to customers, given that the company
mass-produces huge volumes and that distributors can handle contracts while BENERI focuses on products. It selects one distributor from
each country, some of whom under exclusivity agreement. In USA it works with several distributors and has a Chicago-based logistics
platform where it stocks goods for 2-3 months to offer efficient and quick service to American customers. Still welcoming new collaborative
distributors, the company said they should be well introduced
in the market, have technical and commercial knowledge of
retaining rings and washers as well as be an important turnover.
Purchase Orders Increased for

BENERI in Difficult Times
Since the end of 2020, BENERI has experienced a great and
sudden increase in demand particularly for standard washers.
This is attributed to transport issues (delayed parts import
from the Far East) during the pandemic, a drastic increase in
transport costs, and the antidumping duties on some Chinese
iron parts including washers. The most attractive feature which
is the low price of parts from the Far East no longer remains.
When the COVID hit, things went out of hand but after the
Italian government lifted the lockdown, BENERI came back
to work with great enthusiasm, despite new rules, new working
shifts and new protective equipment. “We had to search for raw
materials and deal with lack of transport and price increase of every kind of item. The Russia-Ukraine war spikes up the challenges but we
are glad we’re receiving a great quantity of orders from all over the world!”
"Champions for Export 2022" Award Receiver

With a turnover which is 50% from domestic supply and 50% from export, BENERI was awarded to "Champions for Export 2022" by
the most recognized Italian economic magazine and is ranked among the top 200 Italian companies with the best performance in export
in 2020. This award reflects BENERI’s resilience as it refers to a very complicated year with a total lockdown period of 40 days for the
company. It is planning to invest in digitalization and is expanding the distribution network with collaborations that are now on the way to
be developed.
» Contact: Ronny Limonta, Management Assistant Email: ronnylimonta@beneri.com

American News
American News
compiled by Fastener World
by global events like the pandemic and Russia’s

White House Unveils Freight Data Platform for invasion of Ukraine.
Supply Chain
The U.S. Department of Transportation launched a new data sharing Port of Los Angeles Executive Director Gene
initiative to speed up delivery times in the supply chain, reduce delays and Seroka said the nationwide supply chain data
lower costs for consumers, GCaptain reports. visibility effort “will support system resiliency,
improve our trade competitiveness and empower
“Called Freight Logistics Optimization Works (FLOW), the information American businesses to get products to market with
sharing initiative will pilot a key freight information exchange—a sort of greater consistency and reduced cost.”
national freight data platform—between various participants in the ‘ship
to shelf’ supply chain,” writes GCaptain’s Mike Schuler. “The initiative is MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company, the
being launched with eighteen initial participants including public entities, world’s top container shipping line, is one of two
like the ports of Los Angeles, Long Beach and Georpia Ports Authority, ocean carriers represented in the initial set of
and leading private businesses in trucking, warehousing, logistics, and participants, along with CMA CGM.
ocean shipping.”
The initiative is expected to propose
Participants will work with the Biden Administration to develop an recommendations for common data standards used
information exchange that eases supply chain congestion and speeds up the by international shipping companies, as well as
movement of goods, according to the Transportation Department. access policies and protocols that would streamline
information sharing across the ocean supply chain.
“Participants acknowledged the current system is underperforming and Initial findings from the initiative are expected to be
needs greater investment and more collaboration in creating ship to shelf presented at a Maritime Data Summit in June 2022.
visibility into the primarily private-sector owned supply chain,” the White
House said in a statement. “A more reliable, predictable, and accurate
information exchange about goods movement is the hallmark of a globally
competitive 21st century goods movement chain and is especially important
for small- and medium-sized businesses who lack visibility into the current
system.
Participants highlighted that this type of digital infrastructure was

more important than ever in the face of supply chain disruptions caused
Pac-West Panelists: KPI Can

Lead to Answers
Humberto Avilo of ND Industries described
KPI to the Pacific-West Fastener Association as
“a metric which measures process performance,”
and most importantly, can “trigger changes and
improvements.”
KPI – Key Performance Indicators – using

SMAART can provide answers to questions such as
machine downtime or employee absenteeism, Avilo
explained. It can provide answers to customers.

American News
SMAART stands for S (specific), M (measurable), A
(actionable), A (aligned with goals), R (relevant) and T (time-
bound).
Pac-West panelist Dustin Card of Industrial Threaded

Products said KPI provides measurements without which “you
are not going to know how to pivot.”
Card recalled the March 13, 2020, official start of the

Covid-19 pandemic as “the perfect time to pivot.” The
pandemic changed the supply chain. KPI told users where to
start making changes made necessary by the pandemic. KPIs
already in use gave companies a starting point.
A KPI system can show “where we started,” Card said. It

also can lead to “excitement in the team.”
At Hayes Bolt & Supply, Kelly Cole monitors figures

everyday and at least once a year are reviewed by management.
“Set objectives, monitor every month,” Cole said.
Find the problems: Did employees not know which

product? Knowing the problem can lead to a solution such as
scanners and bar coding. That has led to Hayes Bolt reducing
pickers from five to two.
It is important for employees to have the goals, Cole

added. It tells them when they are “meeting expectations” and
“it keeps them engaged,” Cole said. It can lead to confirming
Hayes got the P.O. and show if “this is on time.”
From a work culture standpoint, KPI encourages

employees to “rally around the mission” and “makes them
proud of work,” Cole finds.
Avilo emphasized that KPI measuring needs to be

adequate, but can’t get “too easy.”
Card noted that goals may need to be changed. “If you

need to pivot, then pivot,” he said, noting Industrial Threaded
found they could reduce 40 KPI to 15.
Cole said that goals must be “realistic” to help employees

“get on board.”
In handling results, “let the numbers be the numbers,”

Cole advised. When something is short, it creates “something
to strive for.”
“Share the scorecard. The scorecard is important.” In the

case of numbers showing a problem, “go back into why,” Cole
said.
When KPI shows a problem to those involved, take any

“friction back down to the human level,” Cole advise. “We’re
human” and want the entire company working together.
Card said take charge of problems. Card suggested an

example know the fasteners a customer has ordered are on a
vessel in the harbor, but there are 118 vessels in the port each
with eight to 10 thousand containers. Call the customer and
tell them, Card advised.
“We pass along that information,” Card said in reference

to the recent Covid surge in China slowing ports there.
“Bad news is bad news, but surprise is worse,” Cole added.

American News
Donnell Tells Pac-West: July Longshoreman Strike Could “Transportation has been bad for several
years,” Donnell predicted there will be a “slight
Cripple Los Angeles Port dip” in container costs about mid-2022, but
companies with contracts expiring will find
A July 1st labor strike at the Los Angeles shipping port “could cripple Los Angeles,”
rates shoot up. “Talk with them on options”
Chris Donnell of Scanwell Logistics told the Pacific-West Fastener Association. A one-
such as using alternative ports, Donnell
week strike by the International Longshore & Warehouse Union could take three months
advised.
to catchup, Donnell warned. It would lead to a “stalemate.” Jun Xu of Brighton-Best
International, Tim Roberto of Star Stainless Screw and Donnell were panelists at the 2022 It isn’t just the Los Angeles port with
Pac-West spring conference. problems. Covid-19 “is really hitting China,
including the Shanghai port,” Donnell noted.
Even without a potential longshoremen strike the Los Angeles port “is not getting
More than 18 million containers go through
better” after congestion for months. Donnell said 100+ vessels with thousands of containers
the Shanghai port monthly.
are awaiting while there is a worker shortage. Fastener distributors with warehouse space
have “a luxury,” Donnell said. Beyond offloading containers from ships,
it can be three-to-five day wait for a container
to reach rail, Donnell pointed out.
It is estimated the U.S. is short 80,000

over-the-road truckers. But to get licensed, a
trucker must be 21 years old and take eight
weeks of training.
And the cost of diesel has skyrocketed

35% to 47%, Donnell added.
With shipping, rail and trucking backlog,

there has been a “tremendous volume increase
the past two years in air freight. Cargo has
been loaded on seats in otherwise passenger
planes.” Expect air freight to increase another
5% in the next three-to-five years, Donnell
stated.
There are no quick fixes, Donnell

noted. Florida is welcoming shipping, “but
establishing freight ports is not that easy,”
Donnell pointed out.
Xu finds prices are volatile and changing

“literally every day,” creating “almost
whiplash.”
“Don’t react to panic,” Xu advised. “Try

not to oscillate with the daily news.”
Xu expects 2022 will be a “challenging

year mentally and emotionally,”
“Just because the world has some crazies

doesn’t mean we need to go crazy,” he
observed.
Some factors such as carbon steel prices

have remained “relatively stable,” Xu pointed
out.
Xu attributed inflation to Section 301

tariffs, stimulus checks and the “supply chain
bottleneck.”
The #1 factor in the supply chain is ocean

freight, Xu said. “It is easier to give out
money than build a ship.” However, he finds
ocean freight has “stabilized.”

American News
“Inflation is not going away,” Xu declared. “The only cure for supplies such as medicine, feminine products, socks/underwear
inflation is recession.” and granola bars” to create “Backpacks for Ukraine,” said Sandi
Andreski of Mid-States.
Xu also said the “Russian invasion doesn’t affect us that
much,” but the world’s reaction over Ukraine has given “China The backpacks were sent to Old St. Mary's Church in Detroit
pause” over exerting control over Taiwan – the world’s third largest to coordinate transport to Poland and then on to the people in
exporter of fasteners. need in Ukraine. “So many people want to help but don't know-
how,” Compton noted. “This gave everybody the opportunity in the
Xu expressed confidence in the fastener industry’s future: company to be able to get on board with it."
“Believe in the future. In every challenge there’s an opportunity.”
Founded by Herb Somers in 1972, Mid-States is now headed
Roberto of Star Stainless Screw pointed to the 41.5% increase by his three sons – Scott, Matt and Marc. Mid-States Bolt has nine
in the price of nickel leading up to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, locations in three states.
following a 17.9% drop after the lunar New Year.
Nickel is the key factor in the price of stainless steel and

Russia is the third largest producer of nickel, Roberto noted. Ramco Expanding To Increase Domestic
Within 24 hours of the invasion, nickel prices leaped 250%. Production
Roberto expects continued “short term price bursts with long term
Ramco
increases.” And it will be difficult to quote stainless steel prices,
Specialties Inc.
he said.
is constructing
“There will be continued tightening of supply until we see a 50,000 sq ft
new supply sources,” Roberto warned. His advice: “Watch your addition to its Ohio-
inventory” and use “inventory hedging.” The price increases based headquarters.
reflect a “tightening of supply with strong demand,” Roberto said. The expansion is slated for completion in June 2022 and increases
manufacturing, engineering and office space to 210,000 sq ft.
Mid-States’ Employees Pack Backpacks

for Ukraine
“Together with our amazing employees we supplied
Ukrainians with over 300 backpacks filled with emergency
supplies such as medicine, feminine products, socks/underwear
and granola bars.” When a major supplier for Mid-States Bolt
& Screw Co. asked if the fastener distributor would help the
Ukrainian people, employees “jumped at the chance.”
Glen Glaskill of Glenco asked Mid-States president Scott

Somers if he would be interested in funding backpacks filled
with emergency supplies for the people of Ukraine. “When you
look at the situation over in Ukraine, a lot of people want to help
out but they don't have an avenue to be able to do that,” Mid-
State’s HR manager Tami Compton said. So when Scott Somers
and Compton asked employees they “enthusiastically agreed to
help.”
“We got our employees together, and they were all on board.”
“The outpouring of our employees was tremendous and

heartwarming,” Compton said.
“Together with our amazing employees we supplied

Ukrainians with over 300 backpacks filled with emergency

American News
Ramco described the expansion as “an
investment in domestic manufacturing
space and new equipment, which will
expand the company’s manufacturing
capabilities and speed. Recent issues with
international transportation delays and raw
material shortages have created problems MacLean-Fogg Launches Wheel Fastener Brand
in US-based manufacturing and supply MacLean-Fogg Component Solutions launched the Threadstrong brand
chain needs.” and website to market wheel fasteners to the aftermarket.
Ramco will add three new part “We are well known as the leading OEM supplier in North America for
formers and one nut former. The part high performance, decorative wheel fasteners,” sales VP Brad Southwood
forming machine additions will allow for said. “It’s always been frustrating to us to see the aftermarket flooded with
the production of nine-inch long parts inferior, low quality and potentially dangerous replacement wheel fasteners of
with diameters up to three inches. The nut unknown origin. So we decided to do something about it.”
formers will be able to produce 32 mm
nuts. “We want the aftermarket consumers to know that when they buy a
Threadstrong wheel fastener, they can trust it was made in the U.S.A. to all
Ramco also purchased a building in of the needed safety specifications,” MFCS fastener division president Rob
South Lyon, MI, with 10,000 sq ft for Whitey said.
machining production for precision parts.
Director of wheel fastener engineering Mark Raves explained “a lot goes
Founded in 1977 by Richard Malson into steel fasteners that the general consumer probably doesn’t think about.”
Sr., Ramco provides cold forming Material strength, corrosion resistance and durability require engineering and
machining and assemblies for the quality control for the friction of the fastener’s load bearing surface against
automotive, defense, aerospace, agriculture the wheel, Raves said.
and industrial markets. Ramco has
facilities in Ohio, Michigan and Italy. Founded in 1925 by John MacLean Sr and Jack Fogg in Illinois to
manufacture lock nuts for railroads, the company today has 3,000 employees
and $1 billion in annual sales. MacLean-Fogg has 28 manufacturing plants in
Europe, Asia and both North and South America.
Volt
Expanding
Arkansas
Plant
Volt Industrial
Plastics broke
ground on a 36,000
sq ft expansion of
its Arkansas plastic fastener manufacturing
plant. The expansion will bring the plant to
100,000 sq ft for production and inventory of
100 million parts. Volt ships domestically and Agrisolutions Acquires Chicago Fastener
internationally and builds tooling and parts in
house.
Manufacturing
Agrisolutions, the global leader in wear parts, components and
“I want to say thank you to each and
accessories, has acquired Chicago Fastener Manufacturing (CFM),
every one of you that work here every day and
University Park, IL, USA. The acquisition closed on February 3, 2022.
work so hard,” COO and marketing president
Chicago Fastener Manufacturing is a USA manufacturer of cold headed
Heidi Volltrauer told 100 employees at the
metal fasteners for on and off-highway applications. Product families include
groundbreaking ceremony. “I hope you’re all as
structural bolts, hex heads, carriage bolts, square head machine bolts, wheel
excited as I am of where we’re going this next
bolts and plow bolts as well as various per-print specials. CFM products are a
year and the years to come.”
part of applications in agriculture planting, harvesting and soil management
Joe Volltrauer used tool & die experience as well as construction, mining and railroad equipment. Materials include
to start JV Tool in 1973 and then Volt in 1992. medium carbon, boron and alloy steels. “We are excited to welcome Chicago
Volt now manufactures plastic screws and nuts, Fastener Manufacturing into the Agrisolutions family. CFM’s capabilities
license plate screws, Christmas tree clips, rivets, and talented group of employees will add manufacturing capacity to help us
wire & cable routing clips, printed circuit board better serve our customers in the USA,” said Agrisolutions Global President,
hardware, dowels, washers and other hardware. Blair Cook.

American News
Threadline Acquires Atlantic Bolt

Threadline Products, a fastener fabrication
company serving the industrial and construction
industries as well as OEMs, has announced the
acquisition of fastener fabricator, Atlantic Bolt, Inc.
The merger of the two Charlotte, NC, USA-based
companies join teams with a combined 74 years of
Semblex® “Solutions At Work” Videos experience in serving contractors, departments of
Elmhurst, IL, USA-based Semblex® Corporation is pleased to present a transportation, and OEMs. Threadline strives to
new mini-video series, titled, “Semblex Solutions at Work”. This series will help meet customers’ expectations and offers one
focus on the latest fastening technologies available from Semblex, many of day shipping to over 10 states along with exceptional
which are less than two years old. Each video will showcase a solution to turn-around.
an existing fastening problem that the company’s customers have faced and
how a Semblex product corrected the problem. The videos for 2022 will John Wolz, Editor of FIN
focus on fastening in high-strength materials, improvements to flow drilling (globalfastenernews.com)
fastener designs and new self-extruding fastener designs that increase usable
thread engagement without capital intensive installation equipment. The
Mike McNulty, FTI VP & Editor (www.
first video in the series is focused on difficulties using traditional thread
fastenertech.com)
rolling fastener in high-strength steel applications (980XG3 steel), and how
the use of Rolok® HS® could eliminate these problems.

193
194
195
European News
European News
Würth Group Set Historic Records in 2021

Bufab Group Reports
According to the preliminary annual financial statements, Würth Group
generated sales of €17.1 billion (2020: €14.4 billion) corresponding to an
Continued Growth in Q4
increase of 18.5%. In Germany, Würth Group’s sales grew by 14.1% to €6.9 Bufab has delivered its highest ever sales,
billion (2020: €6.1 billion). With €10.2 billion (2020: €8.3 billion), the Würth operating profit and earnings per share for
companies abroad achieved even more successful results. 2021. The Group completed three strategic
acquisitions with combined annual sales of
In southern and western Europe, the Group companies reported above- more than SEK 500 million and continued to
average growth rates, which were partly due to the very high sales slumps invest in its own operations to ensure future
in 2020 in countries like Spain, Italy and France caused by the Covid-19 sustainable and profitable growth.
pandemic. Würth Elektronik eiSos Group (+ 36.8%) and the Electrical
Wholesale unit (+ 28.8%) were particularly successful. Adolf Würth GmbH & As expected, the strong demand continued
Co. KG, the parent company and the largest individual company in the Würth in the fourth quarter. Bufab delivered a strong
Group, generated external sales of €2.1 billion (+ 11.3%). organic growth of 19% explained by solid
underlying demand in all segments, price
According to preliminary annual financial statements, the operating increases and increased market shares.
result of the Würth Group is clearly up on the previous year with €1.2 billion
(2020: €775 million). Strong sales growth and higher productivity contributed “We also reported a strong gross margin,
significantly to the positive result. In addition, due to the pandemic, costs for driven by higher volumes and efforts to pass on
travel, trade fairs and conferences did not incur in 2021. increased raw materials and freight prices to
customers. The high level of demand, together
Robert Friedmann, chairman of the central managing board of the Würth with the continued challenging situation in
Group, commented: “We are in the middle of the 4th wave of the pandemic, the supply chain, places high pressure on our
and the development of supply chains is challenging us all. Achieving results organisation, but our assessment is that the
like this under such conditions shows that we have tailor-made products and situation improved somewhat during the fourth
services for our customers. It is also important to convey calmness and security quarter,” comments Johan Lindqvist, president
in a crisis. In a family business like ours, Prof. Reinhold Würth and Bettina and CEO at Bufab Group.
Würth play a decisive role in such a situation.”
The share of operating expenses
Outlook on 2022 increased during the quarter, but adjusted
for acquisitions and remeasured additional
Würth Group believes that the situation on the procurement market will
purchase considerations. The share of operating
remain tense in 2022. The decision of the German government to make
expenses is at a stable and continued low level,
vaccination compulsory will have a significant impact on the development of
which contributed to the strong result. This
the pandemic and thus on the economic activity.
was primarily due to effective cost control,
“Despite these uncertainties, we assume that we will achieve new record but also due to continued low level of activity
sales in the coming business year and achieve adequate operating result in terms of travel, customer events, training,
growth, as our multi-channel strategy, far-reaching digitalisation and large and trade fairs as a result of the pandemic.
number of own production facilities mean that we are in an independent The challenge going forward will be to meet
position now and will continue to be so in the future,” explained Robert the normalisation of the cost level by further
Friedmann. increasing productivity.

European News
Overall, operating profit increased by

40% and the margin by 0.8 percentage
points. Adjusted for acquisitions
and remeasured additional purchase
Fabory Solidifies Position in Portuguese Fastener Market
considerations the operating profit increased Fabory has announced that it has reached an agreement to acquire the fastener
by 44% and the margin by 2.2 percentage division of Importinox. The acquisition further strengthens Fabory’s position as a
points. fastener specialist in Portugal and the broader Iberia region.
“Our strong results in the last quarters The strong strategic fit between both companies enables a stronger and more relevant
are partly due to the investments in proposition, building further on the deep and relevant range of specialist fasteners,
processes and digital tools that we made quality and engineering and differentiating supply chain solutions.
in recent years. This has increased Bufab’s
Francisco Terol, CEO at Fabory, comments: “We are proud to welcome the
productivity. Moving forward, we will
Importinox fastener specialists to Fabory. We are highly impressed by Importinox’s
continue our investments in these areas, but
longstanding client relationships and solid value adding services. Finalizing this deal will
also in areas such as sustainability. We also
make Fabory the market leader in the Portuguese fasteners market and we are looking to
see the need to strengthen the organisation,
further build our positioning across Iberia.”
particularly in sales, to continue creating
profitable growth and increase our market “Fabory is well positioned to further grow the fasteners division starting from our
share,” explains Johan Lindqvist. solid base of over 1,000 accounts in amongst others the mechanical engineering and
construction market. Our market focus is highly accretive and we are convinced that
“If we look ahead, we see that the strong
joining forces will open up many new opportunities,” adds Joaquim Polónia, general
demand we noted during the fourth quarter
manager at Importinox.
continued into January. Together with stable
order intake, this indicates a continued Importinox was founded by Antonio Cerejeira in Maia, in the North of Portugal,
positive trend in demand during the first in 1988. Current co-owner and general manager Joaquim Polónia has developed the
quarter of 2022. The challenges continue to business which has a dual specialty in fasteners and perforated plating. Importinox
be the handling of the strained supply chain offers a wide and broad assortment of specialised fasteners and perforated plates in
and to offset the increased inflationary combination with value added services, including product customization capabilities, and
pressure through higher productivity.” digital and logistics solutions.

European News
just-in-time supply of standard and custom fasteners, and, more
recently, for the design and implementation of integrated logistics
programs using a Kanban system.
Berardi benefits from a broad geographical presence, with 14

warehouses located throughout the country and commercial offices
Hilti Group Achieves Double-digit Sales in Italy, Croatia and Morocco. In the last decade, the company
Growth has successfully embarked on an ambitious path to expand its
product range in adjacent segments, in the C-Parts sector, and has
Hilti Group has achieved total sales of nearly CHF 6 billion
been a pioneer in Italy in the introduction of advanced integrated
in 2021, 12.1% above the previous year’s level. In local currencies
logistics solutions through its own Kanban platform, becoming the
the increase in sales amounted to 12.2%.
reference point in the market in terms of quality, service levels and
CEO Christoph Loos explained: “The recovery trend in the breadth of offering.
construction industry continued during the last four months
Giovanni Berardi, CEO and current shareholder of Berardi
of 2021. We were able to maintain double-digit growth in a
who will re-invest, along with other family members, alongside
relatively stable currency environment and fully compensate for
H.I.G., commented: "The entry of an international alternative
the coronavirus-related decline in sales of the previous year. This
investment fund such as H.I.G. in Berardi represents a recognition
has allowed us to close the year well above the pre-crisis level in
of the work carried out over the years and of the great growth
local currencies.”
potential of our company, which has a leading position in the
In Europe, sales increased by 13.8% in local currencies. sector and a growing share of high value-added services. With the
The Mediterranean countries, in particular, experienced a support of H.I.G., Berardi will be able to develop faster, thanks to a
strongly improved environment. The Americas also generated combination of organic growth and targeted acquisitions".
double-digit growth of 10.5%, with Latin America posting
Raffaele Legnani, Managing Director, head of the H.I.G.’s office
disproportionately high gains. In Asia/Pacific, sales increased
in Italy, added: "Berardi has a position of undisputed leadership in
by 8.9%. Southeast Asia, in particular, still had to contend with
Italy, proven by a growth rate in the last ten years well above the
severe Covid-19 related restrictions. The eastern European
market and by an impressive track-record as a partner of choice for top-
countries primarily contributed to the significant increase of
notch industrial companies, thanks to its value-added service offering
12.3% in the eastern Europe/Middle East/Africa region. Due to
and a best-in-class management team. We are excited to support the
ongoing challenges, the Gulf States unsurprisingly fell short of
management in the next phase of the Company’s development and we
expectations, while Turkey’s currency devaluation had a negative
believe that we can provide an important boost to the growth, primarily
impact.
by supporting an aggressive acquisition strategy, taking advantage of
Despite Covid-19, ongoing challenges in the global supply the high fragmentation of the market".
chain and current political tensions, the Hilti Group expects a
positive development in the construction industry in 2022 and is
once again targeting double-digit sales growth.
Brugola Aims to Become Carbon Neutral

With an ambitious multi-year project, Brugola OEB has joined
the Forever Zero CO2 project, to eliminate the environmental
impact of its 11 plants in Italy by reducing its CO2 emissions and
becoming carbon neutral.
Forever Zero CO2 is a project by Forever Bambù that allows

H.I.G. Capital Acquires Majority Stake companies and professionals to reduce or eliminate their impact
of Berardi Bullonerie Srl environmental and become carbon neutral – thanks to the
absorption of CO2 from Forever Bambù’s seven bamboo forests in
H.I.G. Capital, a leading global alternative investment firm Italy (covering a total of 200 hectares).
with over US$47 billion of equity capital under management,
has announced that one of its affiliates has acquired a majority Over the next three years, Brugola will acquire the
stake in Berardi Bullonerie Srl, a leading operator in the Italian compensation rights of six hectares of Forever Bambù forests, for a
market for the distribution of fasteners and the supply of total CO2 sequestration of 1,566 tons per year.
integrated logistics services.
“The desire to join the Forever Zero CO2 project is a step
Since it was founded in 1919, Berardi has become a consistent with our green commitment, both in small gestures and
reference partner for Italian industrial companies for the in the great efficiency actions of a mechanical company,” explains
Jody Brugola, president and CEO of Brugola OEB. “Joining the

European News
Forever Zero CO2 project will allow us, by 2023, to offset the CO2 emissions from helped reduce the use of oils by 15%. It
our plants in Italy and underlines our commitment that we also undertake as a role also introduced at its OEB1 plant new
model for other companies in our sector.” inverter compressors, which ensures the
efficient use of compressed air – leading
How Forever Zero CO2 Works to a 40% reduction in the consumption of
As certified by independent studies, giant bamboo – which lives on average compressed air.
for 100 years – is able to sequester up to 229kg of CO2 per year, 36 times more
Alongside the interventions related
than any other plant over one hectare. This means that one hectre of giant bamboo
to the production activity, Brugola OEB
is the equivalent to 36 hectares of mixed forest in terms of carbon uptake. With
has also undertaken important actions
Forever Zero CO2 project the aim is to transfer the CO2 absorption capacity of the
for environmental sustainability. This
Forever Bambù bamboo groves to the production companies that instead emit it.
includes the reduction of the use of
"We are happy that a world-renowned company such as Brugola OEB has plastic, from a consumption of 207
chosen the Forever Zero CO2 project to offset its emissions,” comments Emanuele tonnes a day to about 50 tonnes – two
Rissone, president and founder of Forever Bambù. “Like Brugola OEB, we thirds of which are made of recycled
at Forever Bambù also place importance on safeguarding and protecting the plastic. The company also renewed
environment. We are sure that the collaboration with Brugola will be extremely the lighting with LED bulbs to lower
positive and profitable on both sides, as well as for the environment.” electricity consumption and reduce CO2
emissions.
Aware of Environmental Impact
Brugola OEB has been aware of the environmental impact of its production
for several years and has been improving the efficiency of its plants and looking News provided by:
to reduce the environmental impact of production processes. For instance, the Fastener + Fixing Magazine
company has replaced 25 tonnes of paper reels with eco-sustainable and reusable
www.fastenerandfixing.com
technical cloths – reducing the use of paper by 80%.
Other examples include the business recovering litres of emulsion composed

of oil and water, necessary and derived from the screw production process, which

巴西新聞
Brazilian News
Flávio Silva: 10 Years as Böllhoff Brazil CEO
A professional in the Brazilian fastener market, Flávio Silva took

over as CEO in 2012 for the local unit of Böllhoff Group.
"Even before my career here, I already had great respect and

admiration for the Böllhoff Group, especially for the Group’s sobriety,
Hassmann Starts Nuts Production organization and efficiency," said the CEO, "During my term here,
the implementation of lean manufacturing in our industrial plant was
With more than 65 years of history, the Tier one of the most successful achievement. It resulted in considerably
1 Brazilian fastener manufacturer Metalúrgica improved competitiveness,” said Silva.
Hassmann S/A with high performance products such
as bolts for the automotive industry started 2022 year
with its new operation to produce nuts.
"Since the 1960s, we already had nuts in our

TTC Fey Completes Two Years
portfolio, but we gave up producing it for some The technical training center seeks to improve employees’
strategic decisions adopted at those times. However, technical capability.
this new product line will be complementary to
be used with our own bolt’s lines," said Augusto
Hassmann, the company’s CCO.
" Fi r st ly, we a r e p r o du ci ng st a n d a r d nut s:

hexagonal, flanged hex, self-locking. Later, when
the process is in full swing, we will make new
investments to start special nuts production. We are
planning to have a complete line of nuts," concluded
Augusto.

Brazilian News
Metalúrgica Fey, SC, is celebrating the second
year for implementing its own Technical Training
Center (TTC). One of the most important fastener Rolando Arnold Passed Away
companies of Brazil, Fey established TTC aimed
to benefit its employees, which offers courses
and training, passing on technical knowledge in
mechanical training.
“Here we teach in a practical and safe way. We

prepare our employees to deliver the best fastener
products in the segment to the market”, said Fey in
a statement.
Nilza Sohwinden and Sebastian Richts beside Rolando

Arnold (seated), with Heinz Gruber (3) in National
Machinery booth, at Wire Düsseldorf, Germany, 2018
Carlo Salvi Names New Born in Trombudo Central town, SC, Brazil, Rolando Arnold
Business Agent in Brazil (1954 - 2022) passed away last February.
Marco Pizzi, C.C.O of Carlo Salvi, an Italian He was a partner and director for Industrial Rex, a company
company owned by Switzerland Hatebur, is pleased founded by his parents, Rita and Edgard Arnold, also now
to announce Camargo Machinery as a commercial deceased.
agent in Brazil, a company managed by Carlos
Arnold started working at 14, washing cars and cleaning at
Camargo.
his family's gas station. A prodigy entrepreneur, he soon took
Carlo Salvi is internationally renowned for over Rex, where he was, alongside his brothers and partners,
production of cold and hot for ming presses one of those drivers for an expansion process that increased the
machines models with 2 stages, 2 dies and 4 company's share in the fastener market, making Rex one of the
punches with high technology for manufacturing largest manufacturers of fasteners in South America.
of bolts, screws, rivets, special parts, and the like.
News provided by: Brazilian Fastener Exports and Imports in Q1 2022

Sergio Milatias, Editor During the first three months in 2022, Q1, the Brazilian export hit US$ 41.88
Revista do Parafuso (The Fastener million, more than 9.5 thousand tons in volume, up 34.8% and 22.2% over 2021
Brazil Magazine) respectively, and the FOB price was US$ 4.38/kg. With a 32% share, Argentina
has been the principal export destination for fasteners "Made in Brazil", followed
milatias@revistadoparafuso.com.br
by 15% export to USA, 13% to Paraguay, 5.9% to France and 4% to Germany.
www.revistadoparafuso.com
On the other hand, the import value was US$ 253.23 million, with more than
55.5 thousand tons in volume, up 11.7% and 9.8% over 2021 respectively, and the
FOB price was US$ 4.56/kg. China is the leader with 32% share out of the total
fasteners imported by Brazil, followed by 15% by USA, 8.7% by Japan, 8.6% by
Germany, and 7.1% by Italy.

Fastener World News
Industry Update
Thailand Terminates Anti-Dumping

Tax on Low Carbon Wire Rods
Originated in China
Thailand launched an investigation on January 9 of 2015
“In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (5) of
on low carbon wire rods originated in China, and imposed
section 9A of the Customs Tariff Act, read with rules 18 and 23 of the
an anti-dumping tax of 12.81%-31.15% starting on March 10,
Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-
2016. On March 9, 2021, Thailand launched the first sunset
dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury)
review investigation on China's low carbon wire rods with a
Rules, 1995, the Central Government, after considering the aforesaid
diameter greater than or equal to 16 mm and less than 0.29%
final findings of the designated authority, has decided not to accept
of carbon content. The involved product codes are:
the aforesaid recommendations,” says India’s finance ministry.
7213.9120.000, 7213.9190.010, 7213.9190.011, 7213.9190.012,
7213.9190.013, 7213.9190.033, 7213.9190.034, 7213.9190.035,
The products under consideration were bars and rods, hot-rolled,
7213.9190.090, 7213.9920.000, 7213.9990.000, 7227.9000.021,
in irregularly wound coils of iron or non-alloy steel or alloy steel,
7 2 2 7. 9 0 0 0 . 0 2 2 , 7 2 2 7. 9 0 0 0 . 0 2 3 , 7 2 2 7. 9 0 0 0 . 0 2 4 ,
commonly known as wire rod. The products are used in automotive
7 2 2 7. 9 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 , 7 2 2 7. 9 0 0 0 . 0 31 , 7 2 2 7. 9 0 0 0 . 0 3 2 ,
components, welding electrodes, springs, wire mesh, fasteners, nails,
7227.9000.033, 7227.9000.034, 7227.9000.035, 7227.9000.039,
railway sleepers, and binding wires.
7227.9000.090.
M a r c h 11,
DGTR had recommended an anti-dumping rate equal to the
2022, Thailand
difference between the landed value of the imports and $546/ton.
announced the
If the landed value of imports was more than $546/t, then no duties
termination of
would be applicable.
a nti- du mpi ng
tax on low
carbon wire Indian Local
rods originated
in China. Fastener
Associations Advise
India Forgoes Chinese Wire Rod Members Not to
Anti-dumping Duty Extension Export to Russia
and Ukraine
T he I ndia n gover n ment has de cide d to reje ct t he
recommendation to impose a definitive anti-dumping duty A m id t he Ru ssia-U k r a i ne
on imports of wire rod of alloy or non-alloy steel originating conf lict, Indian fastener
in or exported from China. The Directorate General of Trade associations have advised their
Remedies (DGTR) previously recommended extending the members in early March, who
anti-dumping measures for five further years, Kallanish notes. are exporters of various goods to
both these countries, to halt the

Fastener World News
shipment of goods until the situation normalizes. Businessmen say there are chances of their payments being held up and there
is high risk of their shipments not reaching the destinations.
Rajkumar Singla, president of Fasteners’ Suppliers’ Association of Ludhiana, said, “We held a meeting of our association
and discussed the problems being faced by our industry. We have also decided that our members exporting to Russia and
Ukraine must halt the trade till the conflict ends. The decision was taken after analyzing the current situation, which may also
hit cargo movement.”
Narinder Bhamra, president of Fasteners’ Manufacturers’ Association of India, said “The war will cost the exporters doing
business with Russia and Ukraine and their neighbouring countries. Already there are reports of payments of several exporters
getting stuck with the buyers, as they have sought more time due to the war. Now with tension escalating, we must refrain
from doing business with them. Our association too has advised our members against dispatching new orders till the situation
normalizes.”
According to Atul Sethi, a fastener

manufacturer, “Russia and Ukraine are
big markets for us and several factories
from Ludhiana expor t their goods to
these countries. But due to the war, it is
not safe to do business with them and
even with their neighboring countries for
which Russia and Ukraine are the transit
points. We are following a wait-and-watch
approach.”
Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Could Bring Down Global
Automotive Sales by 2%
Wall Street Journal reports, according
to S&P Global, the Russian-Ukraine war
worsens the disruption of global supply
chain and could make the global sales
of light vehicles drop 2%. S&P Global
previously predicted the automotive sales
of 2022 would grow 4% to 6%. It says
the war may affect the European market
because Europe relies on the supply of
materials, natural gas and petroleum.
S&P Global states the price rise will

not affect the transition to electric vehicles,
and points out the possible shortage of
palladium as well as a possible price
increase in steel, copper, aluminum and
nickel, which bring critical risks to the
automotive industry this year.

Fastener World News
Japan's Iron and Steel Bolt Export

to Russia and Ukraine Could be
Affected by Halted Production of
Local Japanese Carmakers
On the Russia-Ukraine war, KINSAN Fastener News Taiwan in comparison exported 15,934 tons of fasteners to
(Japan) wrote, the pandemic had the world come to a Russia in 2021, and that accounted for 0.99% of those going to the
halt and then the war outbreak put the world in a state world, and that is also 4 times more than Japan's export to Russia.
of uncertainty. KINSAN continued, carmakers decided Taiwan exported 1,780 tons (0.11%) of fasteners to Ukraine, far
to raise the price of supplied materials in February and more than Japan did. In export values, Taiwan exported USD 38.24
therefore the steel price will continue to rise as it did last million (0.72%) worth of fasteners to Russia and a worth of USD
year. Additionally, Japan is highly dependent on overseas 4.06 million (0.07%) to Ukraine. Although Taiwan and Japan
resources and its industry policies and production is highly both have 1% in fastener export to Ukraine and Russia, Taiwan
subject to external factors, making itself inevitably prone has far more volume than Japan does and faces a greater risk.
to the political shockwave from the Ukraine crisis. So far many Taiwanese fastener companies have reported to TFTA
that their businesses are impacted. TFTA is closely monitoring
KINSAN analyzed, Japan's total fastener import the impact of the war and has held a seminar in quick response on
from Ukraine and Russia in 2021 was almost none March 16 this year. Refer to our article “TFTA Holds Seminar on
according to Ministry of Finance (Japan), but the total Impact of Russia-Ukraine War” in this magazine.
export to Russia exceeded 4,000 tons and the export
to Ukraine was under 1 ton. It means Japan's fastener
export to Ukraine and Russia accounts for 1% of
(China) Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge
Japanese fasteners going to the world. Among that 1% Adopts Digital Bolt Monitoring
are iron and steel bolts taking the largest portion of Technology
3,000 tons. These exported fasteners generally go to the
automotive industry, but could be affected by the halted Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge is the first one in China to use
production of local Japanese carmakers due to the war. a digital monitoring technology on high-strength hinge bolts.

Fastener World News
Sixteen bolts on the bridge were selected for real- By m a g n i f y i n g t h e
time monitoring to analyze the load bearing of 1,300 grooves, engineers
bolts for the safety of the bridge. confirmed the "backed
off" or unfastened nut
had n't been tightened
The managing director of the bridge said, "It's
enoug h, wh ich le d to
very crucial for the safety of the bridge to know if
other parts misaligning,
these 1,300 bolts are in the safe range. We used to
then a loss of lubricating oil. Hot gases
rely on the torque and angle method conducted by
spewed into the engine room and exploded.
experienced people to inspect and determine the
bolts' preload. They knocked on the structure, using Fer r y of f icia ls h ave a dde d eng i ne
sound, tone, state of appearance and other factors room cameras, and will require secondary
to determine if they have to adjust the fastening inspections of critical engine work including
of the bolts. However, this is a high-cost and low- bolts. The Wenatchee returned to service
efficiency manual check that is way below the in late January and serves the Bainbridge
requirements for building a bridge that will last 100 Island-Seattle route.
years."
"A bridge in service is subject to the influence

of passing vehicles and wind that causes deviation
in the bolts' fastening, and could affect the safety
of the bridge in worst-case scenarios." Jiaxing-
Shaoxing Sea Bridge was monitored once a year in
the past, and now by utilizing digital monitoring,
real-time checks can be performed on the bridge to
improve data accuracy.
Every move of the monitored 16 bolts are

visualized digitally to provide clear and scientific
data on bolt fastening and reference to the load
bearing of other bolts.
Companies Development
Ferry Company Loses USD

3.8 Million for an Insufficiently
Torqued Bolt
An engine fire inside the Washington state ferry
Wenatchee was caused by an insufficiently torqued
bolt, which set off a chain reaction of broken parts
and overheating, said a National Transportation
Safety Board report released on March 15, 2022.
There were no injuries during the incident,

which happened on a test sailing after a series of
repairs. The 13-member ferry crew stopped the
fire within two to three minutes. However, the
fire caused $3.8 million in damage and kept the
Wenatchee out of service for nine months.
The summary report says an oiler discovered

white smoke in an engine room while the ferry was
cruising at full power. Another crew member near
the control panels saw fire, smoke and debris flying
everywhere. Afterward, engineers found a large rod
and piston strewn on the steel engine-room floor.
Investigations found two broken bolts and another
that unfastened while the engine was running. They
were supposed to be torqued to 75 foot-pounds.

Fastener World News
Bulten Has Decided to Exit Its Operations in Russia
Due to the Current Japanese Yamahiro Adopts
Situation Co-developed IoT System
The exit process starts immediately. The ambition is for the process to occur Ya m a h i r o i s a c o n s t r u c t i o n f a s t e n e r
in a controlled way to secure obligations towards employees, customers and other manufacturer and developer headquartered in
business partners. Bulten has 125 employees in Russia, and is since 2012 running its Osaka. The company decided to introduce an
business through a Joint Venture with the automotive manufacturer GAZ. IoT system to improve productivity. The practical
experience they shared can shed a light on the
Earlier this week, Bulten made the decision to move all production made in Russia efficacy from upgrading to smart factory and the
for external markets to Europe. Bulten’s decision to terminate its business in Russia tasks to heed.
will not have a significant impact on the company’s income since the domestic sales
At first they purchased an IoT system worth a
in Russia is equal to 1.6% of the total annual sales. However, the exit might involve
million Japanese dollars and tried connecting it
write-downs. More detailed information will be communicated later in the process.
to 3 machines, but they were not able to get the
specific data they wanted. Then they thought of
their own technical people, so they headed on to
co-develop their own IoT system. They had the
technical personnel collect data from machines,
and had another person use the Amazon Web
Services platform (a cloud-computing platform
established by Amazon).
Using IoT, the first change they observed
is the ability to measure productivity. By
"visualizing data", they discovered they had
less than 50% of total machine utilization.
Knowing why and for how long the machines
had stopped, they were able to improve to 85%
and increase productivity by 170%. They used
to have 2 shifts till 9 pm. Now they can achieve
the same level of productivity on just the 1st
shift till 5 pm. Besides shortening work time,
they saved electricity bills, shortened 30 minutes
from taking inventory, and discovered other
unforeseen problems.
T he s e c ond ch a nge i s "d a t a sh a r i ng".
Everyone including the employees and owner
with a computer can see the data and give
suggestions on the spot. If the owner sees a
machine not operating, he will give orders to
onsite personnel right away. Therefore, they
solved the bottleneck in the fastener heading
process.
The third change is "prolonging dies life".
They started with dies requiring frequent change,
and were able to go from one hour a time to ten
hours a time for changing the dies, saving work
time.
Right now their most critical task is to
cultivate a nalytic talents. It is ver y time-
consu mi ng to a nalyze dat a a nd t herefore
requires experienced people to take charge. The
other task is to reduce errors by onsite personnel
who collect and input machine data which also
requires management by a dedicated person.
Their next step is to apply IoT to threading,
forming and packaging to save labor and freights,
through which they can form a distribution unit
in the company to maintain profit margin and
tackle the challenges from the pandemic. The
workforce saved from the production line can be
assigned to the work with higher added values.
Fastener World News
Acquisitions
Birmingham Fastener Announces

K-T Bolt Acquisition
Birmingham Fastener is excited to announce the
acquisition of K-T Bolt Manufacturing, Inc. based in
Katy, Texas. With over 100 years of combined fastener
production, this acquisition strengthens Birmingham
Fastener’s product offering and manufacturing diversity.
Most importantly, it allows the company to add teammates
to its world-class staff and will yield long-term benefits for
its customers. In doing so, the level of service it can offer
to its customers will be increased.
K-T Bolt Manufacturing provides custom fabrication,

cl o s e d - d i e fo r g i n g, i n - h o u s e h e a t t r e a t i n g, a n d
electropolishing. With this partnership, Birmingham
Fastener and its sister companies can expand product and
service offerings to its customers. Randy Peck will stay
on as President of K-T Bolt and join the leadership team at
Birmingham fastener, offering his expertise in the field.
“The future of our company is now and always will be

about growth and productive changes. At the same time, we
must hold fast to our core values like world-class service,
accountability, and a commitment to excellence that we’ve
had since my father founded this company in 1980” says
Brad Tinney, President and CEO of Birmingham Fastener.
“This partnership allows us to further expand our footprint
and strengthen our commitment to American fastener
manufacturing.”
Japanese Nitto Seiko Acquires All

Shares in KM Seiko
A professional public manufacturer of auto screw

driving machines, Nitto Seiko signed an agreement with
KM Seiko to acquire all shares in KM Seiko on April 1.
With a revenue of JPY 3.2 billion, KM Seiko designs,
manufactures and sells bolts, nuts, cold headed and cold
formed parts to the automotive and construction industries
in Japan and overseas. After the share transfer, KM Seiko
will be a subsidiary under Nitto Seiko.
Nitto Seiko signed a share transfer agreement with

KM Seiko as part of the "NITTOSEIKO Mission G"
tactic, expecting to utilize respective distribution routes,
product development and production to create a synergy
and provide automotive and construction customers with
solutions.

Technology
Handicapped People
in Fasteners Production,
Logistic and Assembly
by Jozef Dominik
Preface
Disability is a large population problem and is growing year to year. According to So What are the
Building Accessibility Handbook 2020, in 2017 more than 926,000 British Columbians
aged 15 and older, nearly 25 percent of population, were identified as having a
Options in This Branch?
disability. In other countries, these statistics may be different. One fifth of the EU
population for example is expected to have some form of disability. It is not only a A characteristic feature of the fastener
moral but also a legal obligation of an advanced society to remove the physical and industry is serial to mass production in
mental barriers for these unfortunate people and to provide them with opportunities automatic production lines. This system
for employment in normal social life. This follows the United Nations Convention on requires a geometrically oriented transport
the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). of parts to the assembly point. However,
the automatic vibrating feeder does not
Physically handicapped people have an immense appetite for life. Perhaps the most always fulfill such this function or it would
famous representative of the immense willpower was the English physicist Stephen be very complicated and expensive. Fig. 1
William Hawking (*1942 - †2018). Although severely disabled and strapped to a shows an example of a possible application
wheelchair using special software Equalizer and EZKeys, he was able to be active. His for the physically handicapped mounting a
statement is famous: rubberized washers on a self-drilling screw.
This operation can also be performed by
“No matter how bad life is, there is always something you can do the blind. The 30-year old blind man did
and succeed. As long as there is life, there is hope." not make a single mistake out of the 1000
monitored assembly operations, so he did not
What people with disabilities need from society the least, is sympathy. They put any washer in the opposite side.
need to integrate normally into social events as an equal partner. As said by Rochus
Wellenbrock, CEO of the Wewole FOUNDATION: “People with disabilities have a It is similar for example with the
legal right to live and work independently”. The fastener industry and businesses also correctly oriented mounting of a plastic ring
provide a good opportunity to do so. on the IstLock® locking nuts (Fig. 2). Unlike
the case above, a blind 30-year-old man made
frequent mistakes. This only confirms that
automatic orientation would be very difficult,
Fig. 1
even with the current state of the art nearly
impossible.
Fig. 2

Technology
Fig. 3
These examples are just a small choice of the

possible application of the disabled in the production
process. It is much more common for these people
to be employed in the domain of mental activity, e.g.
as designers (Fig.3).
Fig. 4
Another activity that can be equally performed by a

physically challenged is working in a laboratory (Fig. 4).
He can sit in his wheelchair or move to a classic work
chair. The advantage of a wheelchair is the possibility
of free movement, e.g. from hardness tester to
metallographic microscope and the like. Communication
routes without obstacles are important.
Of course, these people also require specific working conditions. They must have access to all services and facilities
as others. It is not just barrier-free access. In 1993 the United Nations adopted the important document: “Rules on the
Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities” (UNSR). This Standard Rules represent a strong moral and
political commitment of governments to take action to achieve equalization of opportunities for persons with disabilities.
Conclusion
The physically challenged live among us and need our help. All they need from society is to create the conditions and
opportunities for them to live a normal life. Then they can feed themselves and then they are happy. Jozef Metelka, the
world-famous Paralympic multiple winner in cycling, said it for everyone: “How lucky the doctors were not to save my leg”.
It is gratifying that the fasteners industry is also able to create conditions for the employment of the physically
handicapped. The article lists only a fraction of the options where they could apply. On behalf of my friend J. L., who has
been confined to a wheelchair for a long time, I would like to thank you very much.

Industry Focus
Major Automaker
Sales Analysis
TA
YO
TO
for 2021
en
ag
sw
lk
Vo
AI
D
N

YU
H
M
G
2021 drew a critical dividing line between every

country's automotive market status before and after
recovery. The sales figures from global automakers
S
TI
reveal the demand for automotive fasteners. F&I

AN
Tools disclosed the top 15 automaker sales during

LL
TE
2019 and 2022. This numeric data comparing the past

A
S
three years happen to unveil the sales transition of

N
O
global automakers going from the COVID outbreak to

H
coexisting with the virus.
Global Top 15 Automaker Sales

Sales Yet to Recover to Pre-Pandemic Level
Global
Automakers Year Sales in Vehicles Change The top 5 best-selling automakers last year were Toyota, Volkswagen,
Ranking
Hyundai, General Motors and Stellantis. The world sold 82,684,788
2021 9,562,483 ↑ 1% 1
vehicles last year, among which the top 15 automakers’ sales totaled
Toyota 2020 9,528,753 ↓ 11% 1
63,688,675 vehicles, sharing 77%. Looking at the 3-year sales numbers
2019 10,741,556 ↑ 2% 2 of the 15 automakers comes to a conclusion that up to last year
2021 8,882,346 ↓ 5% 2 most of them on the chart haven’ t had their sales recovered nor
Volkswagen 2020 9,305,427 ↓ 15% 2 surpassing the pre-pandemic level back in 2019. They haven’t
2019 10,975,352 ↑ 1% 1 recovered their full strength.
2021 6,668,037 ↑ 5% 3
Only three automakers were the exception. BMW from Germany
Hyundai 2020 6,353,514 ↓ 12% 4
bounced back from the pre-pandemic 2.52 million vehicles to last year’s
2019 7,189,893 ↓ 3% 5 2.52 million, up 0.05%. Changan Automobile from China sold 1.75 million
2021 6,294,385 ↓ 8% 4 vehicles before the pandemic and grew 32% (2.31 million vehicles) last
General
2020 6,833,592 ↓ 11% 3 year. Maruti Suzuki grew 5.7% from 1.56 million to 1.65 million vehicles.
Motors
2019 7,724,163 ↓ 12% 4 Although Geely Auto from China in 2021 didn’t sell as many as it did
2021 6,142,200 ↓ 1% 5 in 2019, it remained on a gradual growth track. There is a stronger
Stellantis 2020 6,205,996 ↓ 23% 5 growth momentum and larger growth margin for sales in the
2019 8,091,825 ↓ 10% 3 Chinese automotive market. In 2020 when the pandemic peaked, the
2021 4,456,728 ↓ 7% 6 15 automakers mostly shared a two-digit sales drop and the average drop
Honda 2020 4,790,438 ↓ 10% 6
margin was 13.4%.
2019 5,323,319 ↑ 1% 7 The COVID outbreak brought the annual sales of the two automotive
2021 4,064,999 ↑ 1% 7 giants Toyota and Volkswagen down from the 10 million vehicles mark.
Nissan 2020 4,029,174 ↓ 22% 8 The top 3 automakers with the largest sales drop in 2020 were Stellantis
2019 5,176,211 ↓ 8% 8 (down 23%), Nissan and Ford (both down 22%), and Renault (down 21%).

Industry Focus
Global Top 15 Automaker Sales
Weak Foundation Amid Less Desirable Global
Prospect Automakers Year Sales in Vehicles Change
Ranking
2021 3,942,755 ↓ 7% 8
Moving on to the year 2021 of market recovery, the ones with
Ford 2020 4,231,549 ↓ 22% 7
the largest sales regain were Changan Automobile (up 15%), Maruti
Suzuki (up 13%) and BMW (up 8%). In that year, only 7 out of the 15 2019 5,385,972 ↓ 10% 6
automakers were back to positive growth, accounting for about 2021 2,689,454 ↓ 5% 9
half. We can roughly estimate that about half the automakers will Renault 2020 2,949,871 ↓ 21% 9
increase sales and others otherwise this year. The foundation 2019 3,749,815 ↓ 3% 9
for the automotive industry is still weak and could anytime be 2021 2,521,596 ↑ 8% 10
subject to sudden impacts from the macro-environment. BMW 2020 2,324,778 ↓ 8% 10
In fact, there are still many hidden concerns with the automotive 2019 2,520,146 ↑ 1% 10
industry going forward: there is still the ongoing semiconductor 2021 2,314,547 ↑ 15% 11
shortage that constricts a part of the automakers’ capacity; steel price Changan 2020 2,003,663 ↑ 14% 12
remains on the rise and cost pressure encroaches on automakers. After 2019 1,759,971 ↓ 15% 12
the Russia-Ukraine war broke out, Ukraine has been unable to supply 2021 2,093,476 ↓ 3% 12
automotive wires to automakers. A research institute forecast that it Mercedes 2020 2,164,275 ↓ 8% 11
led to Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen and BMW announcing to reduce 2019 2,339,024 ↑ 1% 11
production this March. The war has resulted in a loss of 70 thousand 2021 1,652,653 ↑ 13% 13
new vehicles for Europe and this is not a small number.
Maruti Suzuki 2020 1,457,861 ↓ 7% 13
On the other hand, EVs have a better prospect. Given that EV sales 2019 1,563,297 ↓ 16% 13
were supported by a large number of purchase in the last two years, 2021 1,328,029 ↑ 1% 14
if most of the automakers succeed in transitioning from gasoline- Geely 2020 1,320,471 ↓ 1% 14
powered vehicles to EVs, it is believed that EV sales will no doubt have 2019 1,361,556 ↓ 9% 15
an explosive growth after the supply of semiconductors and special 2021 1,074,987 ↓ 11% 15
materials stabilizes.
Mazda 2020 1,243,039 ↓ 17% 15
2019 1,454,112 ↓ 9% 14

Industry Focus
An Analysis of
ASEAN Electric
Vehicles Market
by Behrooz Lotfian
Why is EV Necessary for ASEAN?1

The energy demand in the transportation sector is increasing
and the transportation sector currently emits a high amount of
greenhouse gases. Electric vehicles (EVs) were introduced to
mitigate these emissions of greenhouse gases. EVs are well- units, a drop from 792,000 units in 2020, largely due to a weak
deployed in leading countries/regions such as China, Europe, and economic outlook caused by the ongoing pandemic.
the United States due to
EV-friendly policies and Association of Southeast Thai auto market was refreshed in late 2021, with December
well-planned EV charging vehicle sales likely to see a boost after Chinese automaker Great
infrastructure. Association
Asian Nations (ASEAN) Wall Motor launched a 100% electric vehicle at a competitive price
of Sout heast Asia n follows these leading (Ora Good Cat, priced from $29,300 to $35,200). The pressure on
Nations (ASEAN) follows countries and aims to Japanese manufacturers in the markets that have so far dominated
these leading countries become the next EV hub. the entire vehicle market is likely to intensify, and hence Japanese
and aims to become the reacted by:2
next EV hub. Effective
deployment of EVs requires involvement from governments and • Toyota launched its Cross Hybrid model, priced at $35.600,
willing consumers that push EVs into communities. A survey was
• while Mitsubishi debuted a plug-in hybrid, the Outlander
carried out among policymakers, manufacturers, and academia
PHEV, at $51,800.
to determine suitable policies and financial incentives to increase
the deployment of EVs in the market. The survey also included
the hurdles and issues faced by the community to adopt EVs Thailand plans to attract 400 billion baht
and identified that high purchase cost and charging issues are (US$12.08 billion) in investments over the
hampering EV deployment in ASEAN. EV-friendly policies
and financial incentives were suggested in the survey and
coming years and support the production of 1.2
will be a good reference material for EV manufacturers and million EVs and 690 charging stations by 2036.3
policymakers in ASEAN.
ASEAN Countries and the EV Market

1
Thailand 2
https://aseanenergy.org/electric-vehicle-adoption-in-asean-prospect-and-challenges/
https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/Thai-EV-market-heats-up-as-Chinese-
player-enters-with-low-prices
Thai auto market remained in a state of contraction in 2021, 3
https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailand-issues-new-incentive-package-for-
with the FTI forecasting its total annual car sales at 750,000 electric-vehicle-industry/

Industry Focus
Singapore
Si n g a p o r e a n el e c t r i c ve h i cl e ( E V ) in Indonesia totalled 1,900 units. This total includes 1,378 (72.5%) hybrid models, 34 (1.8%)
population more than doubled last yea r, PHEV units, and 488 (25.7%) BEV units. When viewed from the total sales of cars in
growing from 1,397 vehicles at the end of 2020 Indonesia in the first semester of 2021, the interest in the electric vehicle market is at 0.5%
to 3,713 vehicles at the end of 2021.4 Tesla EV of total cars sold. These figures show that the Indonesian EV sector is still in its infancy.
sales boom in Singapore, pushing rivals' models However, it also shows that the market interest has grown significantly. Considering the
off the streets. Tesla's most basic Model 3 costs country’s rapid pace of urbanization and the significant share of youths in the country’s
nearly $148,300 in Singapore, largely due to demographic, there is no question that the interest in EV will only rise as the Indonesian
an ownership levy, compared with less than society moves towards a more sustainable lifestyle.7 The Indonesian electric vehicle
$40,000 in the United States.5 market is highly concentrated at its early growth stage. The main reasons include limited
selectivity, high price barriers, and the dependence on internal combustion engines. Major
market contributors include GESITS (a local electric two-wheeler motorcycle start-up),
Mitsubishi (a leader in the electric passenger vehicle market), and BYD (a leader in both
It will set aside $30 million over electric public buses and electric public taxis).8
the next five years for EV-related
initiatives, such as measures to
improve charging provision at
private premises. EV sales are
expected to continue to grow
at an average annual rate of 40%
YoY from 2022-2030.
Singapore made a great push for electric

vehicle ( EV) adoption i n 2021 wit h t he
Government unveiling several schemes to
encourage consumers to make the switch. It will
set aside $30 million over the next five years
for EV-related initiatives, such as measures to
improve charging provision at private premises.
EV sales are expected to continue to grow at
an average annual rate of 40% YoY from 2022-
2030, to reach an annual sales volume high of
just under 7,000 units and an EV-penetration
rate of around 9.6% of total vehicle sales.6
Indonesia has an ambitious plan

to become a major player in
the global EV market, and it
has developed a US$17 billion
roadmap for this specific sector.
This roadmap aims to reach an
adoption of 2.1 million electric
motorcycle and 400,000 electric
cars – of which 20% are locally
manufactured by 2025.
Indonesia
According to Gaikindo's report on EV
sales in Indonesia in 2019-2021, only 705
total sales were recorded in 2019, with hybrid
sales recorded at 685 units and PHEV (Plug-
in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) sales at 20. As of
June 2021, the number of electric vehicle sales

Industry Focus
Indonesia has an ambitious plan to become a major player in the global EV market, and it has developed a US$17 billion roadmap for
this specific sector. This roadmap aims to reach an adoption of 2.1 million electric motorcycle and 400,000 electric cars – of which 20%
are locally manufactured by 2025.? Indonesia EV projects require much foreign investments support9, and therefore, global electric vehicle
companies should invest in Indonesia’s EV sector for huge opportunities.
Malaysia The government had planned to fully exempt

The size of Malaysian electric vehicle market was valued at USD import and excise duties as well as sales tax for
13.82 million. In 2020 and the total revenue is expected to grow at 12.46 EVs with a road tax exemption of up to 100
% through 2021 to 2027, Malaysian electric vehicle market is reaching
nearly USD 31.44 million. Malaysia's new vehicle sales or total industry percent, individual income tax relief of up to
volume (TIV) eased 3.9 percent (or 20,603 units) to 508,911 units in 2021 RM2,500 on the cost of purchase, installation,
from 529,514 units registered in 2020. Of this, passenger vehicles (PV) rent, hire purchase as well as subscription fees
accounted for 452,663 units and commercial vehicles (CV) comprised
for EV charging facilities.
56,248 units, according to the latest data by the Malaysian Automotive
Association (MAA).10
Overlook to ASEAN EV Market

The ASEAN electric vehicle market was valued at USD 498.93 million in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 2,665.3 million by 2027,
registering a CAGR of 32.73% during the forecast period (2022 - 2027).11
4
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/growing-interest-in-electric-vehicles-whats-next-for-singapore
5
https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-ev-sales-boom-singapore-pushing-rivals-models-off-streets-2021-10-28/
6
https://sbr.com.sg/transport-logistics/news/electric-vehicle-sales-boom-imminent-in-singapore-fitch
7
https://indonesien.ahk.de/infothek/news/news-details/indonesian-electric-vehicles-industry-development-gains-momentum
8
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/09/18/2095767/28124/en/Indonesian-Electric-Vehicle-EV-Market-Analysis-Growth-Opportunities-Fuel-the-Growth-Pipeline-Engine.html
9
https://www.cekindo.com/blog/investing-indonesia-battery-electric-vehicle
10
https://www.nst.com.my/business/2022/01/764463/malaysias-2021-new-vehicle-sales-slip-39pct-508911-units-maa
11
https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/asean-electric-vehicle-market#:~:text=Market%20Overview,period%20(2022%20%2D%202027).

Industry Focus
ion
rld
Wo
t
er
en
c
F ast
of
u
ief
Ch
d
in-
or-
dit
o
eE
Pr 1
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g,
an
Ch
ao
r
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an
a in 2
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2
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0
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ob le s
l
G dS a
2021 was a year full of various challenges to the global
automotive industry. Production line stoppages, material supply
an
shortages, and many other problems caused by the Covid pandemic
have led to the insufficient capacities of many car manufacturers, which have
been also worsened by the short supply of chips. In addition, the price hike of int’
l
crude oil and the regulations formulated by the EU, UK, USA, Japan and many other
advanced countries aiming at gradually making fuel vehicles withdraw from the market
within a few years have both boosted the development of the EV industry. Several external
factors all deeply influence the development and transformation of the supply chain of the automotive
industry and are also closely tied with the future trends of the global automotive industry.
According to the detailed 2021 statistics of car production and sales in countries and regions OICA recently released, the
originally expected pandemic-incurred declining car purchasing demand and slump in global car production did not happen
and even appeared a slight growth, which is beyond everyone’ s expectations. The reasons are worth further observation
and discussion in the future.
Now let’ s review together the global car production and sales statistics for 2021 below and compare them with those in
2019 and 2020 to observe if there is any changes and possible trends in the global automotive industry.
In 2021, 80,145,988 units of vehicles were produced in the world, slightly up 3% from 2020; in terms of global sales,
82,684,788 units of vehicles were sold, slightly up 5% from 2020 but still below the production and sales recorded in 2019.
Below are the global car production and sales in 2019-2021:
Total Production
World Motor Vehicle Production By Country/Region And Type
2021/2020
Production in Europe (Incl. UK)

Regions/Countries Q1-Q4 2019 Q1-Q4 2020 Q1-Q4 2021
EUROPE 21,575,118 16,942,248 16,330,509 -4%
Germany, cars and LCV only 4,947,316 3,742,570 3,308,692 -12% Europe (incl. UK) is the world’s 2nd largest car
manufacturing area with the annual production
Spain 2,822,632 2,268,185 2,098,133 -8%
in 2021 reaching 16,330,509 units, only second to
France, cars and LCV only 2,175,350 1,316,371 1,351,308 3%
China. Compared with 2020, car production in
Czech Republic 1,433,961 1,159,151 1,111,432 -4% Europe contracted by 4%. Top 5 manufacturers
Slovakia 1,107,902 990,598 1,000,000 1% in Europe were Germany, Spain, France, Czech
United Kingdom 1,381,405 987,044 932,488 -6% Rep., and Slovakia (representing 54% of Europe’s
Italy 915,291 777,057 795,856 2% total). The country showing the most significant
Poland 649,864 451,382 439,421 -3% drop was Slovenia, while the country showing the
Romania 490,412 438,107 420,755 -4%
most significant increase was Portugal. The total
production in Europe was in a slight decline,
Hungary 498,158 406,497 394,302 -3%
making it the only region in the world appearing
Portugal 345,688 264,236 289,954 10% a drop.

Industry Focus
World Motor Vehicle Production By Country/Region And Type
Regions/Countries Q1-Q4 2019 Q1-Q4 2020 Q1-Q4 2021
2021/2020
Production in Russia/Central
Belgium 285,797 267,293 261,038 -2% Asia/E. Europe
Sweden, yearly only 279,000 249,000 258,000 4%
Production in Russia/Central Asia/E. Europe
Austria 179,400 125,000 136,700 9%
in 2021 reached over 3.2 million units, up 3% from
Netherlands, yearly only 176,113 127,058 105,458 -17% 2020, not to mention that the production in this
Slovenia 199,114 141,714 95,797 -32% region appeared 3 consecutive years of growth since
Finland, cars only 114,785 86,270 93,172 8% 2019. Nearly 50% of the region’s car manufacturing
Serbia 35,120 23,375 21,263 -9% capacity was in Russia (around 1.57 million units and
CIS + Turkey 2,527,810 3,121,340 3,216,740 3% up 9% from 2020). Turkey, following after Russia,
showed the record of nearly 1.3 million units, a slight
Russia 1,719,146 1,435,551 1,566,317 9%
2% YoY drop. However, with the war between Russia
Turkey 1,461,244 1,297,878 1,276,140 -2%
and Ukraine which has been launched for months,
Uzbekistan 277,967 284,885 241,649 -15% sanctions from the West against Russia that made car
Kazakhstan 49,400 74,831 92,417 24% manufacturers stop operation in Russia, plummeting
Belarus, cars only 20,427 21,295 29,891 40% depreciation of Ruble that weakened Russian
Ukraine 7,266 4,951 8,153 65% people’s purchasing power and demand for new cars,
Azerbaijan, cars only 2,360 1,949 2,173 12% it is estimated that Russia’s car production in 2022
may appear a significant drop and Turkey may take
AMERICA 20,160,401 15,692,927 16,151,639 3%
advantage of this opportunity to become the largest
NAFTA 16,822,606 13,374,404 13,427,869 0%
car manufacturing country in the region.
USA 10,892,884 8,821,026 9,167,214 4%
Mexico
Canada
4,013,137
1,916,585
3,177,251
1,376,127
3,145,653
1,115,002
-1%
-19%
Production in America
A mer ica was t he world’s 3rd la rgest ca r
South America 3,337,795 2,318,523 2,723,770 18%
manufacturing continent. Being very close to its
Brazil 2,944,988 2,014,055 2,248,253 12% European counterpart, car production in America
Argentina, cars and LCV only 314,787 257,187 434,753 69% in 2021 reached 16,151,639 units, a slight 3% growth
Colombia 78,020 47,281 40,764 -14% from 2020. Different from Europe’s 3 consecutive
ASIA-OCEANIA 49,333,841 44,276,549 46,732,785 6% years of decline in car production, America appeared
China 25,750,650 25,225,242 26,082,220 3% a significant drop in production in 2020, however, it
Japan 9,684,507 8,067,943 7,846,955 -3% rose again in 2021, but was still below 2019’s record.
The U.S., Mexico, and Canada in N. America, as
India 4,524,366 3,381,819 4,399,112 30%
well as Brazil in S. America are the 4 largest
South Korea 3,950,614 3,506,774 3,462,404 -1%
car manufacturing countries in the region.
Thailand 2,013,710 1,427,074 1,685,705 18% Among these 4 countries, the U.S. showed the
Indonesia 1,286,848 690,176 1,121,967 63% highest production record at more than 9 million
Iran, yearly only 821,060 880,997 894,298 2% units (around 56% of America’s total). On the other
Malaysia 571,632 485,186 481,651 -1% hand, Argentina appeared the highest growth at 69%,
Taiwan 251,304 245,615 265,320 8% though its production was comparatively low.
Pakistan
Vietnam, yearly only
186,751
176,203
117,375
165,568
238,702
163,250
103%
-1%
Production in Asia/the Oceania
Philippines, yearly only 95,094 67,297 83,852 25% In 2021, nearly 47 million units of vehicles
Australia, yearly only 5,606 4,730 5,391 14% were produced in Asia/the Oceania, up 6% from
2020, making this region the world’s largest car
Myanmar, yearly only 15,496 10,753 1,957 -82%
manufacturing heartland. China, in particular,
AFRICA 1,113,651 800,001 931,056 16%
represented over 55% of the region’ s total
South Africa 631,921 447,213 499,087 12% and showed the annual production of over 26
Morocco 403,218 328,280 403,007 23% million units. Following after China, Japan, India, S.
Egypt, yearly only 18,500 23,754 23,754 0% Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia were also the top car
Algeria 60,012 754 5,208 591% manufacturing countries in the region. Compared to
TOTAL 92,183,011 77,711,725 80,145,988 3% the respective 3% and 1% YoY drop in Japan and S.
Korea, Indonesia, India, and Thailand all appeared
the YoY growths of 63%, 30%, and 18%, respectively.
Production in Africa In the entire Asia/the Oceania, Pakistan appeared
the highest YoY growth of 103%, while Myanmar
Africa’s share in the global car production is quite low. Although in 2019 its appeared the lowest one at -82% (probably due to the
production exceeded a million units, its production scale has dropped to below a political chaos last year). What’s worth mentioning
million units since 2020. However, its production of around 930 thousand units is that, although Vietnam has been one of the
in 2021 was still 16% higher than the record in 2020. Major car manufacturing investment focuses of many foreign investors, its
countries in this region were South Africa and Morocco and both countries appeared conditions and scale of car production seem to be not
two-digit YoY growths. Other countries such as Egypt and Algeria also produced quite mature yet.
certain units of vehicles, but the volumes were quite low.

Industry Focus
Total Sales
REGISTRATIONS OR SALES OF NEW VEHICLES - ALL TYPES
2021/2020
Sales in Europe (Incl. UK)
Regions/Countries Q1-Q4 2019 Q1-Q4 2020 Q1-Q4 2021 I n t h e p r ev io u s p a r a g r a p h s , we
EUROPE 20,930,716 16,712,898 16,874,893 1% mentioned that Europe was the world’s
2nd largest car manufacturing region.
Germany 4,017,059 3,266,759 2,973,319 -9%
However, in terms of Europe’ s sales , its
France 2,755,728 2,100,030 2,142,284 2% performance was still behind America
United Kingdom 2,736,559 1,964,660 2,044,091 4% and was in the 3rd place. Its sales in
Italy 2,132,630 1,564,756 1,664,483 6% 2021 reached around 16.9 million units, a
slight 1% growth from 2020. Top 5 car sales
Spain 1,501,244 1,030,746 1,034,063 0%
markets in Europe were Germany, France,
Poland 656,258 510,153 554,613 9% UK, Italy, and Spain (Germany, France and
Belgium 642,000 509,994 462,536 -9% UK shared over 42% of the Europe’s total
Netherlands 538,739 427,162 405,061 -5% car sales). Among these 5 countries, except
Sweden 418,478 330,215 343,880 4%
for Germany with the top sales record
appeared a 9% YoY drop from 2020, the
Austria 371,934 301,617 306,176 2% other countries all appeared a growth in the
Switzerland 352,968 269,391 272,249 1% range of 0-6%.
Other Countries 285,560 215,910 237,203 10%
Czech Republic 281,423 228,834 236,221 3% Sales in Russia/E.
Denmark 264,073 233,271 221,937 -5%
Europe/Turkey
Norway 189,824 180,592 217,572 20%
Car sales in Russia/E. Europe/Turkey
Portugal 265,827 173,989 183,390 5% reached 2.74 million units in 2021, up 4%
Hungary 190,090 153,978 150,387 -2% from 2020. Sales in this region were mainly
Romania 189,504 145,507 144,222 -1% concentrated in Russia and reached 1.74
million units. So far, Russia has been the
Ireland 145,104 112,122 136,126 21%
world’s 9th largest car sales market. Turkey
Finland 133,505 112,988 115,291 2% was the 2nd largest car sales market in the
Greece 122,990 88,710 112,364 27% region, but sales in Turkey dropped by 3%
Slovakia 113,863 84,909 87,349 3% from 2020. The 3rd car sales market in the
Croatia 73,862 43,800 54,330 24%
region, Ukraine, appeared a significant 23%
YoY growth in 2021. However, with Russian
Bulgaria 44,977 29,663 34,472 16% invasion of Ukraine in the beginning of this
RUSSIA, TURKEY & OTHER year, economic activities in Ukraine almost
2,506,517 2,633,142 2,741,274 4%
EUROPE
stagnated. As a result, car sales in Ukraine
Russia 1,778,841 1,631,163 1,741,965 7% may appear a significant decline and it may
Turkey 491,947 796,150 772,722 -3% take a long period of time for full recovery.
Ukraine 102,542 98,986 121,772 23%
Other Countries/Regions 133,187 106,843 96,819 -9%
Sales in America
AMERICA 25,384,924 20,814,832 22,001,152 6% In 2021,more than 22 million units of
vehicles were sold in America, up 6% from
NAFTA 20,824,602 17,445,480 18,160,120 4%
2020. Over 70% of America’ s sales were
United States Of America 17,488,154 14,881,356 15,408,565 4% in the U.S. Brazil was in the 2nd place
Canada 1,976,440 1,586,474 1,704,850 7% with the sales of around 2.12 million
Mexico 1,360,008 977,650 1,046,705 7% units, better than Canada’s 1.7 million
units and Mexico’s 1.05 million units.
CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA 4,560,322 3,369,352 3,841,032 14%
Other countries such as Chile, Argentina,
Brazil 2,787,850 2,058,437 2,119,851 3% Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Puerto Rico,
Chile 348,575 258,835 415,582 61% though with a smaller market scale, were
Argentina 452,200 334,316 370,283 11% still major car sales markets in the region.
Compared with 2020, car sales in all S.
Other Countries/Regions 346,376 253,970 337,911 33%
American countries appeared growth.
Colombia 248,689 173,121 229,493 33%
Peru 155,507 108,999 152,856 40%
Ecuador 119,197 78,187 109,707 40%
Puerto Rico 101,928 103,487 105,349 2%

Industry Focus
REGISTRATIONS OR SALES OF NEW VEHICLES - ALL TYPES
2021/2020
Sales in Asia/the Oceania
Regions/Countries Q1-Q4 2019 Q1-Q4 2020 Q1-Q4 2021 The same as production, ca r sales
ASIA/OCEANIA/MIDDLE EAST 43,713,696 40,322,544 42,663,736 6% in Asia /the Oceania have been in the
unbeatable 1st place in the world for years.
China 25,796,931 25,311,069 26,274,820 4%
Its sales in 2021 were around 42.66 million
Japan 5,195,216 4,598,615 4,448,340 -3% units (up 6% from 2020) and this figure
India 3,816,858 2,938,575 3,759,398 28% was even much higher than the total sales
South Korea 1,795,134 1,905,972 1,734,581 -9% in Europe and America. Top 5 car sales
markets in this region were China (26.27
Australia 1,062,867 916,968 1,049,831 14%
million units), Japan (4.45 million units),
Indonesia 1,030,486 532,077 887,205 67% India (3.76 million units), S. Korea (1.73
Thailand 1,007,552 792,146 748,580 -5% million units) and Australia (1.05 million
Saudi Arabia 533,904 452,544 556,559 23% units). During 2019-2021, China being
Malaysia 604,287 529,434 508,911 -4%
the world’s largest car sales market even
appea red consecutive yea rs of growth
Other Countries/Regions 534,707 399,580 435,754 9% and its YoY growth in 2021 was 4%. India
Taiwan 425,000 444,161 422,000 -5% among the top 5 sales markets appeared the
Israel 268,220 226,338 306,012 35% most significant YoY growth at 28%. If such
Philippines 410,406 244,178 286,734 17%
a growing trend continues, India is very
likely to outpace Japan within a few years to
Vietnam 281,262 262,823 260,850 -1%
become the 2nd largest car sales market in
Pakistan 187,714 124,429 237,424 91% Asia/the Oceania.
United Arab Emirates 232,305 158,711 188,844 19%
Uzbekistan 197,103 195,000 184,500 -5% Sales in Africa
New Zealand 149,293 115,435 159,636 38% Car sales in Africa in 2021 reached
Kazakhstan* 71,818 89,202 113,600 27% around 1.15 million units, up 24% from
2020. Major car sales markets were South
Kuwait 112,633 85,287 100,157 17%
Africa, Egypt, and Morocco. The production
AFRICA 1,197,846 924,046 1,145,007 24% of South Africa was similar to its sales.
South Africa 532,898 372,633 464,493 25% As for Egypt, its ca r product ion was
Egypt 170,568 219,732 277,805 26% comparatively low (only 23,000 units), but
its car sales reached nearly 0.3 million units,
Other Countries/Regions 328,464 198,373 227,274 15%
higher than the scale of Morocco.
Morocco 165,916 133,308 175,435 32%
ALL COUNTRIES/REGIONS 91,227,182 78,774,320 82,684,788 5%
Conclusions
Observing the global car production and sales, we found that the global automotive industry faced the severe pandemic in 2020 and
the pandemic-incurred side effects also made the production and sales to drop slightly. However, starting from 2021, the industry appeared
gradual recovery again and both production and sales returned to the level of 80 million units (although still below the record in 2019, the
growing trend continues). Germany, France, Spain, and Italy of W. Europe, UK, Czech Rep. and Slovakia of E. Europe, China, Japan, India,
S. Korea, and Thailand of Asia, the U.S., Mexico, Canada, and Brazil of America, Russia, and Turkey are all the world’s major car production
and sales markets. The author thinks that if the global pandemic could be gradually under control after 2023 and more countries open their
borders, many problems the industry is facing will be fixed in the end. In addition, if the technology and construction of infrastructure of EV
can make a significant breakthrough, people will be more willing to replace their old cars with new ones, which will boost the market demand
and purchasing power, then the global car production and sales are very likely to reach the mark of 0.1 bn units within 2-3 years.

Industry Focus
U.S. Electric
An Analysis of
Vehicles Market
by Shervin Shahidi Hamedani
Introduction
The global Electric Vehicle (EV) market share
has taken a terrific leap forward in the past decade, and
the trend is expected the to grow faster. Shifting to all-
electric options in hopes of creating a cleaner and more
environmentally sustainable world. In terms of sales, the
global electric vehicles market has experienced a tremendous
increase, but still the trends show that, we have only seen a
fraction of vast potential of this market. Studies estimate that
global EV market will hit 10% of global passenger vehicle
sales by 2025, 28% by 2030 and 58% by 2040.
The key players of this market are China, Europe, and the
US. China is anticipated to hold 49% of the global EV market while
Europe is likely to account for 27%. The US will hold 14% by 2030.
Chart 1 below exhibits the monthly sales of electric cars in major car Chart 1.
markets (China, Europe and the US) in 2021 and in comparison to 2020 in Monthly Sales of Electric Cars in Major Car
Markets in 2021 and in Comparison to 2020
thousand vehicles*.
1000
900
800
700
600
500 China
Europe
400
US
300
200
100
0
Jul-20
Jun-20
Apr-20
May-20
Aug-20
Nov-20
Dec-20
Jan-20
Mar-20
Feb-20
Jul-21
Sep-20
Jun-21
Oct-20
Apr-21
May-21
Aug-21
Jan-21
Mar-21
Nov-21
Dec-21
Feb-21
Sep-21
Oct-21
As derived from the chart, the highest sales in the US was in Dec last year, with 84,000 electric cars and
the lowest sales registered in Jan 2021. Altogether this implies an upward trend in electric cars sales in the US.
Overall, in terms of EV’s market size, the growth has been particularly remarkable over the last three years,
even as the global pandemic contracted the market for conventional vehicles and as manufacturers started dealing
with supply chain holdups.
In 2019, 2.2 million electric cars were sold, representing just 2.5% of global car sales. In 2020, the overall car market
contracted but electric car sales experienced a growth, climbing to 3 million and representing 4.1% of total car sales. In
2021, electric car sales more than doubled to 6.6 million, representing close to 9% of the global car market and more than
tripling their market share from two years earlier. All the net growth in global car sales in 2021 came from electric cars.

Industry Focus
The US Market
While the US lags behind China and the European Union in its Hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle sales in
transition to EVs, the US is implementing procedures that would benefit the the United States have increased in recent months as sales
adoption in the near future. The U.S. electric vehicle market size was of non-hybrid internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles
USD 24.03 billion in 2020 and it’ s expected to grow to USD 137.43 fuelled by gasoline or diesel decreased. In the fourth
billion in 2028 at a CAGR of 25.4% in the 2021-2028 period. quarter of 2021, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles
Plans to construct a nationwide network of charging stations and collectively accounted for 11% of light-duty vehicle sales in
improving EV batteries are currently being implemented. The US the United States, according to data from Wards Intelligence.
government has promised to set up 50,000 individual chargers, which is Sales of several existing hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and
five times more than the current number, in 28,000 new charging stations electric models increased in 2021, but a large portion of the
by 2030, and this is expected to meet half the country’s charging demands. sales increase came from new manufacturer offerings across
This is in line with the government’s plan addressing climate change and different market segments. Manufacturers increased the
addressing the needs of environmental justice communities in the United number of non-hybrid ICE vehicle models by 49 in 2021,
States as their two important priorities. The Biden administration has versus an increase of 126 for hybrid and electric vehicle
concurrently taken substantial steps to build new regulatory programs not models.
only to restore the environmental protections cancelled during Trump’s
presidency, but to substitute them with even more determined requirements. These additional hybrid or electric models were mostly
Therefore, the US would focus further on sustainable development matters either crossover vehicles, which combine attributes of
over the coming years, which will be favourable for EV adoption. passenger cars and sport utility vehicles, or vehicles such as
vans and pickups, which previously didn’t have many hybrid
Last year, the country made an impressive return to the electric car or electric vehicle options.
market as sales more than doubled to surpass half a million. The overall US
car market recovered as well, but electric cars doubled their share to 4.5%. Manufacturers of hybrid vehicles and plug-in vehicles
Chart 2 below illustrates electric cars sales in the country within the last have expanded into market segments such as crossovers,
two years. vans, and pickups following consumer preference for larger
vehicles. Within each electric or hybrid powertrain type,
Based on the report from United States Department of Energy, crossover vehicles now account for most sales.
sales of new light-duty plug-in electric vehicles, including all-
electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), In summary, the evolution to EVs has kept its momentum
almost doubled from 308,000 in 2020 to 608,000 in 2021. EV sales as the country progressively develops and implements
accounted for 73% of all plug-in electric vehicle sales in 2021. EV sales policies to speed up growth in EV. Promotion activities
raised by 85% from 2020 to 2021, while sales of PHEVs more than doubled, and government policies are assisting to overcome major
with an increase of 138% over the previous year. The fast increase in plug- consumer barriers related to vehicle range, higher upfront
in electric vehicle sales from 2020 to 2021 is outstanding in the context costs, inadequate model availability, and lack of awareness.
of overall light-duty vehicle sales, which increased by only 3% during the These factors will influence the U.S. electric vehicle market
same period. forecast.
84
74
Thousand Electric Cars 69
66
55
48 54 55 55 57
42
Chart 2.
36 42
28 28 27 U.S. Electric Cars Sales in 2020-2021
35 36
29
15 25
16 16
10
Jun-20
Jul-20
Apr-20
May-20
Nov-20
Jan-20
Mar-20
Feb-20
Aug-20
Sep-20
Dec-20
Jun-21
Jul-21
Oct-20
Apr-21
May-21
Nov-21
Jan-21
Mar-21
Dec-21
Feb-21
Aug-21
Sep-21
Oct-21
US
Sources:
• Electric vehicles, driving towards the future, by The Edge Markets.
• Electric cars fend of f supply challenges to more than double global sales, by iea.org
• New Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales in the United States Nearly Doubled from 2020 to 2021, by energy.gov
• IEA, Monthly sales of electric cars in major car markets, 2021 compared with 2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/monthly-sales-of-
electric-cars-in-major-car-markets-2021-compared-with-2020*
• Electric vehicles and hybrids surpass 10% of U.S. light-duty vehicle sales, US Energy Information Administration
• U.S. Electric Vehicle Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Vehicle Type and Regional Forecast, 2021-2028, Fortune Business Insights

Industry Feature
An Analysis of Chinese
Chinese electric vehicles market
was valued at USD 124.2 billion in 2021,
Electric Vehicles Market

and it is expected to reach USD 799
billion by 2027 by registering a CAGR
of over 30.1% during the forecast
period (2022 - 2027).
by Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
According to CPCA (China Passenger Car Association), China sold a total of 3.31 million new energy passenger
vehicles in 2021, accounting for a 53% share of the global market, taking back the position it lost to Europe which
finished 2021 with only 33%, while the United States accounted for 11% of new energy vehicle sales. Again, CPCA’ s
figures align closely with those of the IEA, which reported China as finishing 2021 with 3.4 million electric vehicle
registrations, which would account for a 51.5% share of the global market. According to Chinese electric vehicle media
outlet (CnEVPost), which reported on the CPCA’ s new report, China returned to the global leader after a slump in 2020
which saw the country’ s share of new energy vehicle sales fall to 41%, allowing Europe to jump a spot with 44%. EV
deliveries are expected to hit 5 million and climb to as high as 20 million by 2030, according to think tank China EV 100.
Authorities in China are paying increasing attention to any possible

weak links that could undermine the EV sector after weathering EV Players in China
this year's chip shortage, which still disrupts production to this day.
Automakers in the country rely on imports for raw materials like According a Ries& Ries report, in China, the EV
cobalt and lithium but also refrigerants that are used in a car's heat- market is mostly in the hands of the following
management system and the high-wear resistance bearing steel that's companies:
needed for electric motors. The list goes on. With expectations for
• BYD (24.9%)
around 300 million NEVs on China's roads by 2040, people could
expect more policy initiatives to shore up supply lines. • SGMW (8.5%)
• Chery (5.3%)
• Tesla (5.2%)
The Story of 2019-2020
• SAIC (4.5%)
Once subsidies reduced for EV cars in mid of 2019, the market of EV
cars declined 50% in July 2019 in China. Based on this reason, most BYD is the largest EV manufacturer in China.
EV manufacturers didn't reach to their specified goals. For example, It has stopped its pure engine car production line
WEY had a sales goal for 100K EV but they could only reach the sales and focused on EVs and Plug-in hybrid vehicles.
of 17K in that year. On the other hand, small-size EV manufacturers Based on this decision its hybrid cars use small
could cope with the issue in the 3rd quarter of 2019, because they could engines. Toyota has partnered with Chinese BYD
upgrade their EVs charge to over 250 kilometres, hence, their EV sales since December 2021 for producing a new type of
increased by 20% in November and 70% in December month on month. affordable electric cars scheduled to be launched
Small-size EVs share 20% of the total EV market and are mostly used in the end of 2022. The price range will be around
in small cities of China. Because of the Covid pandemic, the subsidies $30,000. The total revenue of BYD at the end of the
of EVs returned back for two years and Chinese government announced third quarter of 2021 was USD 24.1 billion and in
that the subsidies would be allocated to improve infrastructures. the previous year its revenue was USD 25.7 billion.

Industry Feature
Key Points of the EV Market
in China
1. The Price and Driving Range of EVs are Improving
Chinese consumers have three main concerns about EVs:

their high price, their limited driving range and the dearth of
charging points. Price sensitivity remains high, as shown by the
abrupt fall in EV sales in mid-2019 when the government cut
price support levels.
2. New Models Have been a Game-Changer
New EV models are being launched, including those from

traditional car manufacturers, increasing the competition among
brands and also giving consumers more choices. The entrance
of Tesla's Model 3, one of the best-selling electric vehicles
in China, has been a game-changer for the industry. Tesla's
success bolstered the business case for domestic EV start-ups
such as NIO, Xpeng and Li Auto, while sending traditional auto
manufacturers back to the drawing board to design EVs from
scratch.
3. Vehicle Smartisation
Ch i nese consu mers view EVs ver y di fferently f rom

Europeans, whose focus is on their environmentally friendly
credentials. By contrast, Chinese consumers are more heavily
influenced by the smart technology, or‘vehicle smartisation’,
that EVs offer. And, this trend could tilt the market decisively in
favour of EVs, particularly once price parity with conventional
cars is reached, which is expected within the next five years.
EV Market Trend 2021-2022

• Xiaomi is the other player in this industry that it has entered
the EV market in March 2021, and its plan for investing is 10
billion USD that is injected to the company within 10 years.
• Tesla has invested $200 million USD in order to expand its

Giga-Factory China in November 2021 and it will hire 4,000
people.
• Geely auto and Inchcape signed a global partnership in July

2021 in order to jointly explore business in Chile. Since
February 2021 Geely has partnered with Volvo Groups in
order to maximize the strengths of the Swedish and Chinese
Automotive Groups, autonomous drive technologies, and
sharing of EV architecture.
• NIO day 2020 was held in Chengdu. NIO has launched its
first autonomous driving model, NIO ET7, a smart electric
flagship sedan. The ET7 will range from USD 70,000 or
from USD 59,000 with BaaS (Battery as a Service). NIO
is set to expand for the first time out of its home country,
starting with a launch of electric vehicles in May 2021 in
Norway.
• Ford has sig ned a joi nt vent u re wit h Ch i na's Z ot ye

Automobile. They will invest $756 million in a 50-50 venture
and they will produce small electric cars.

Exhibitions
M-Tech Nagoya 2022

Fastener World Builds Connection Between Japanese and
Taiwanese Companies Amid Increased Purchase Demand
Japanese Fastener Business Owners in a Rush to Find

Taiwanese Quality Suppliers
The Nagoya fair is the largest manufacturing show in central Japan. On a
positive outlook for a continuing recovery into this year, Fastener World had its
onsite exhibiting representative and online Japanese market specialist ready to
work together to grab Japanese purchase orders this spring for Taiwanese fastener
companies and help Japanese customers find their ideal targets.
The show opened at Portmesse Nagoya on April 13-15, 2022. The first day saw an
incoming crowd of thousands of people — clearly a sign that the past two years’ contraction
in sales and purchase spikes the rebound of Japanese fastener transaction. Actually, in
the online talks between our Japanese market specialist and onsite visitors, we
found the visitors had to adjust purchase and shipment messed up by supply chain
disruption. Right now they are in need of finding new Taiwanese suppliers and
specifically want a high quality source of products priced lower than Japan's. Despite
the pandemic, as well as supply chain disruption and Russia/Ukraine war that altogether
cause a global price hike, if your product price remains competitive over Japan’s, now is the
best chance for you to expand in Japan through Fastener World.
During the show, a Japanese visitor asked Fastener World about the impact of the
Russian/Ukraine war on Taiwanese fastener industry and the corresponding business
opportunities. Another one asked if there is anyone in Taiwan to supply SKD11 (alloy tool
steel) as well as fasteners made of special materials. Another one was in urgent need of
Taiwan-made fastener forming machines and threading machines. Still another one wanted
to find licensed manufacturers through Fastener World’s media platform. Fastener World has
a great team processing their demand to match them with suitable Taiwanese companies.
Manufacturing World Nagoya (including M-Tech Nagoya) gathered a total of 430

exhibitors this year. According to Tokyo Shoko Research, Nagoya has as many as 17
thousand factories, higher than Osaka at 16 thousand and Tokyo at 14 thousand. Nagoya is a
manufacturing hub at the center of Japan. The next edition of the show will start on April 12-
14, 2023.

233
Feature: Machine Suppliers
Pointmaster
Machinery Co., Ltd.
Self-Drilling Screw
Forming Machine – Your
Trust-Worthy Partner
Since the launch of its first PM-210A Self-Drilling Screw

Forming Machine in 1999, Pointmaster has continued to open
up new pages in the development of this field, creating one after
another products that are appreciated by global industrial customers.
Excellent performance and original patented design keep up the
pace with the ever-changing fastener production process, not
only win the unanimous affirmation of customers, but also make Exclusive Dual Clutch Design to
Pointmaster the leading brand in the advanced industry and the
first choice of Self-Drilling Screw Forming Machine with the most Extend Service Life of Molds
complete series products. A mong a l l Poi nt master's mach i nes, t he most
astonishing design must be the “dual clutch system”, which
Single and Double Stroke Models to Meet is highly praised by the industry. When the traditional self-
drilling screw forming machine is in operation, the quality
Different Production Needs of Customers of screw products is often poor due to stuck feeding
Pointmaster's R&D team has been adhering to the concept of or impact of the empty mold. The dual clutch system
innovation for more than 23 years, continuously improving product developed by Pointmaster allows the machine to quickly
design, saving the essence and successfully developed many popular disengage from the inertia of the front flywheel under fast
models. The single stroke models PM-100 & PM-200 for carbon operation, makes the brake more sensitive, and will not
steel screws. The single/double stroke models PM-100S & PM-210S reduce the service life of molds due to the hollow damage.
for carbon & stainless steel screws. Moreover, in response to the Furthermore, in order to serve customers nearby Taiwan's
processing needs of customers with large wire diameter, long screw major screw industrial center, Pointmaster also has a
and Bi-metal screw, PM-W model is the best choice. At present, all repair station in Gangshan, which provides customers with
models of Pointmaster have passed the EU CE certification and immediate maintenance and new machine installation and
use different cast iron materials, so the body structure is stable and positioning services.
strong, and obtained several patents and certificates (incl. invention
patent No.150939 and utility model patent No. 184540, 192893, Overseas Sales Agents Making
176338, 184718)
Customer Service More Convenient
President Chi Wei Liao of Pointmaster said, “Our
sales performance last year was still up to standard. Even
though the epidemic makes us temporarily impossible to
do annual after-sales service tours to overseas customers
as before, we can only solve problems through video chat
currently except for China. However, I expect that the
world would be able to return to normal life next year,
thereby promoting economic growth, and the trend of
increasing orders will appear again. Through the domestic
Gangshan repair station and overseas sales agents as
Contact: President Chi Wei Liao support, our service is bound to be more rapid, convenient,
Email: tforever@ms29.hinet.net comprehensive, and all-rounded in the future.”

Cheng I Wire Machinery-

The Best Support for High Value-
Added Products Manufacturing
Among the global wire processing equipment suppliers, Cheng I Wire Machinery Co., Ltd. has been always in the lead in terms of
technology and customer service and has been also a strong power that cannot be ignored in the wire processing field of the global fastener
industry. Cheng I specializes in the R&D and manufacturing of equipment for rust removing, wire drawing/coiling/feeding, and high-speed
straightening and cutting, comprehensively used by customers worldwide to process various types of wire such as screw wire, low carbon steel
wire (galvanized wire, nail wire, groundwork mesh), high carbon steel wire (steel wire, spring wire, wire rope, wheel steel wire), alloy wire (alloy
screw wire, alloy copper wire), etc., which can help achieve the dimensions and quality demanded by customers more efficiently.
“A Magician” for Wire Processing Equipment

All Customers Can Find Equipment That Best Suits Their Needs
With their excellent equipment R&D ability and technical research team behind, Cheng I can always
find the most suitable solutions according to customers’ different actual application demands. On the one
hand, they’ll listen to every customer’s demand for equipment
first and after times of discussions and confirmations, they’ll
offer customers professional advice and solutions for better
product design and function improvement, make them realize Customization & Whole-Plant Integrated
the advantages and disadvantages of their required solutions,
and eventually satisfy their demands. On the other hand, for Equipment Setup Service
knowing more about future customers’ equipment demand, The strength of Cheng I in the R&D of equipment has been
the team of Cheng I oftentimes conducts market surveys continuously testified by collaborations with global customers. It
and interviews with customers to gather relevant data for successfully improved the design of a Japanese customer’s IVD wire
developing more new equipment based on original design that drawing machine and used relevant equipment and mechanisms to relieve
is more compliant with customers’ demands. operators’ workload, enhance the control over manufacturing procedures,
and ensure the full compliance of the final wire quality with customers’
“Getting a full understanding of the R&D of equipment
requirements.
and technology has been always our most powerful and
competitive strength in the market. As a result, we are able “Japanese customers had strict requirements for customization, so
to provide customers with well-rounded suggestions based on we even flied to Japan for times during our collaboration for full-day
their requirements and this is also why our customers around discussions, reviews, and detailed confirmations. However, everything
the world count on our equipment and technology so much,” was worth it when customers showed satisfaction on their faces and gave
said General Manager Marco Wang of Cheng I. their recognition after we delivered products to them ,” added General
Manager Marco Wang.
In addition to the R&D of equipment, Cheng I also offers customers
whole-plant integrated equipment setup service. Through understanding
customers’ actual demands, it can introduce superior equipment
suppliers to them and offer professional suggestions about equipment and
manufacturing procedures to help them achieve smooth production lines.
Cheng I’s CE-certified products have been quite popular in Europe,
USA, Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East, Turkey, Japan, China,
Taiwan, and many other major markets. With more countries loosening
their border control measures, customers’ demand will increase. The
operating income of Cheng I last year showed a continuous positive
growth.
General Manager Wang said, “We’d like to aggressively expand our
sales to the Middle East and E. European markets while simultaneously
Cheng I contact: General Manager Marco Wang maintaining existing customers to create more advantages and profit for
Email: marco@cheng-i.com them.”

Chen Tai Fastener Machine Co., Ltd.

Dedicated to Vibratory Bowl Feeder Equipment
for High Efficiency Automatic Production Line
In the production of fastener and hand tool, the goal is to make
the high quality and zero defect product. Thus, the feeder machine
is an important role during the production. With fluently feeding to
next procedure machine, a professional vibratory bowl feeder is to
be reckoned with. With 37 years’ experience in feeder’s field, CHEN
TAI is known as the leading of feature and performance in vibratory bowl feeder in
Taiwan.
Customized Vibratory Bowl Feeders – The Fastest

Feeding Speed and the Most Accurate Orientation
Chen Tai has cooperated with fastener and hand tool manufacturers for years. The vibratory bowl feeders made by Chen
Tai are accompany with most of the fastener machines exported from Taiwan. They have extensive experience in assisting
customers in developing and customized vibratory bowl feeders according to the differences of customers’ product design and
material. Customers will get their best made-to-order vibratory bowl feeder.
The important factors of the design of vibratory bowl feeder is to achieve the correct orientation of the components, feed
them one by one with the same direction, and with the fastest feeding speed. Therefore, the research and development team
of Chen Tai makes the vibratory bowls based on the exactly needs of customers, leading to 100% correct orientation with the
direction specified by customers, and using the fastest speed to connecting with the next manufacturing process. Achieving
an automatic production line to make the earliest lead time for products, also save the time, labor, and cost. With the know-
how and the experience on feeder machine, Chen Tai invents varies feeder, orientation, sorting and assembly machine for the
secondary processing which improves a lot on the fastener process also impresses the industry.
Chen Tai noted, “The advent of the headless/ double ended stud orientation machines and the vibratory bowl feeder for
long screw are a few technical breakthroughs achieved by our team. In the past, customers often encountered bottlenecks when
they needed to align headless fasteners. We developed the headless fastener orientation machine which can be matched with
different sizes of vibratory bowls and the minimum orientation can also orientate the two sides of headless fasteners with an O.D.
tolerance of 0.8mm and array them in the same direction. As for another type of long fastener vibratory bowl feeder which is
able to orientate long screws up to length 400mm, can be regarded as unique in the industry!”
Automatic Feeders to Improve the Safety of Usage

In addition to vibratory bowl feeders, Chen Tai has also developed an automatic
elevator conveyor which can load about 700 kg of fasteners. With the hopper at side
instead of on the top of the machine, it solves the problem that traditional hopper feeders
usually need the bridge crane to carry the screw storage hopper overhead and supply the
screws into the hopper feeder. This improvement enhances the safety of operators. The
special design of feeding help release the large bunch of threads of long screws.
Chen Tai Fastener emphasized, “We can help customize automatic equipment related
to vibratory bowl feeder, feeder machine, lettering and knurling. Our products are suitable
for the fields of fasteners, food, medical supplies, and daily necessities. We sell products
all around the world and also set up branch offices in China for China domestic sales
and maintenance. Even in the difficult time of the coronavirus influenza pandemic, we
still have a great growth for global revenue and keep continuing to provide a variety of
products to meet customers’ need for feeding and orientation.”
Contact: Edith Chen / Vicky Chen Email: chentai@jenntai.com.tw

Special Feature
Dr. Fastener:
Avoiding Fastener
Failures
Fastener Selection and Use
by Guy Avellon
Many times fastener failures begin when

the product is ordered. Sometimes the
incorrect fastener product is ordered for
the job through miscommunication from the
requesting party to the purchasing personnel
and even to the distributor. Then, once the
fastener products are ordered, there are
many ways fasteners can be misused. The
following are suggestions of what to look for
and what to avoid when selecting a fastener
Fastener Selection: product and their installation.
1. Always be sure the order is correct. If

there is a question, ask.
• This seems basic but maintenance personnel and
engineers use jargon and descriptions not easily 5. Bolt lengths should be long enough to
recognizable on a Purchasing Order to non-technical accommodate a flat washer under the head
personnel. and under the nut when applicable.
• There only need to be at least two bolt threads sticking out
2. If the order includes one Grade or Class of a tightened nut. Any more threads than two are useless
of fastener and a different Grade or and increase the stresses on the threads in the joint.
Class of nut that is the same size, ask and
• The end of the bolt should never be flush with the nut
reconfirm. opening as the first thread of the nut is incomplete.
3. Always use a nut whose strength matches
6. Always use a hardened SAE or ASTM F436 flat
the grade of its mating fastener.
washer under the nut and bolt head with any
• Inaccuracies may happen at the procurement level
where an incorrect product was bought, due to lack
fastener whose strength is an SAE Grade 5 or
of specification or price differences. ISO Class 8.8, A325 or stronger.
• Problems may occur at the maintenance level where 7. USS flat washers should only be used on sheet
many types of products are stored and may be mixed metal, plastics or any compressible materials.
when excess product is returned.
• The USS flat washer does not increase the load bearing
surface any more than an SAE washer does on a steel joint.
4. Make sure that all of the fasteners and
nuts in a multiple connection are the • The only fastener products that will increase the load
bearing surface area is a flanged head bolt and nut because
same grade or Property Class.
it is an integral part of the fastener.

Special Feature
8. Fine threads (UNF) will produce 10% more Fastener Installation:
clamp load than a coarse threaded fastener.
• This is due to the differences in stress area; there is more 1. Any fastener made can and will fail if not
metal with the UNF. properly installed.
• The shallow helix angle ma kes f ine th reads less • There are hundreds of variables to consider that will cause
susceptible to loosening from vibration. loss of clamp load.
9. Never mix nut and bolt finishes in a multiple 2. Each joint is unique.
bolt connection. • What you do for one joint may not be good for another.
• That is, non-plated with plated or with different types of
coatings. 3. Impact wrenches are NOT for installing
• Especially do not mix plated fasteners/nuts with hot
fasteners. EVER.
dipped galvanized products where the nuts may be • They have too much uncontrolled initial impact torque.
overtapped. • If they must be used, perform a controlled test on a non-
critical joint.
10. A lock washer will not prevent loss of preload.
• If the clamp load is not significantly higher than the 4. Uniform tightening is more important than
external service load, nothing will prevent loosening and torque.
loss of preload.
• If one side is tighter than the other, loosening occurs.
11. If the assembly did not come with a lock 5. Tightening technique affects the connection
washer as OEM, Never put one on the more than torque.
fastener. • How compressible is the joint?
• Reread above.
• Were incremental torques used along with a torque pattern?
12. No locking device will ever prevent loss of
preload. 6. Never apply full torque to a fastener during
• Nothing will guarantee against loss if the joint materials,
initial tightening, especially with multiple
fastener components and installation torque are not fasteners in a single joint connection.
compatible. • The first fastener will become tighter, and then it loosens as
the rest are tightened.
13. Metal prevailing torque lock nuts are
reusable, nylon insert nuts are not. Choose 7. Tighten in torque increments. If it is a critical
the metal nuts if you expect frequent connection, retighten the fastener after two
maintenance. minutes and again after a load has been
• Prevailing torque lock nuts have a lubricant applied which applied.
reduces thread friction. • This is due to the normal compression set of the materials,
joint and fastener.
• A nylon nut is like a standard nut, it has dry threads which
promote an increase in friction and an increase in torque. • There is no such thing as a non-compressible gasket. Every
material relaxes, every material is compressible.
• The nylon will also provide less drag with each reuse due
to wear.
8. Torquing the head of the fastener takes more
14. Any locking device will not always torque than tightening the nut.
adequately perform in every application. • A torsional twist is applied to the body of the fastener
instead of stretching the threaded section which dissipated
• Lock washers are good for sheet metal and small screws,
the torsion more. When turning the head stops, the fastener
not 1-1/2” (38 mm) bolts.
‘unwinds’ itself and therefore loses both stretch and clamp
• Thread locking chemicals do not act alike, read the labels. load.
• This effect is reduced if the fastener is lubricated.
15. Thread locking chemicals are good for low
impact and low vibration loads. 9. Use incremental loading when tightening
• Never rely on any locking device to stop loosening or loss multiple fasteners in the same joint as well as
of preload. using a criss-cross pattern.
• Preload must be sufficient to overcome predictive service • This produces an evenly loaded joint connection.
loads.

Special Feature
10. Clamp load must always exceed the service load. 19. If the tightening motion has stopped
• If not, the joint will either loosen or fail from metal fatigue. below the desired torque value, tightening
may continue safely forwards, never
11. Torque is a function of friction and only evaluates backwards.
torsional friction; keep all surfaces consistent. • Loosening a nut will create extra friction between
• Torquing a ‘dry’ fastener and a ‘lubricated’ fastener with the the threads affecting torque, which will be less than
same torque will result in the dry fastener having a much lower desired and can never be regained.
clamp load than the other.
20. The faster the nut and/or bolt are
12. The only time a torque wrench is accurate is tightened, the greater the joint relaxation.
when the fastener is lubricated. • The increase in speed causes more joint compression,
• This is because friction is kept at a constant, not a variable. hence the relaxation. It is an elastic rebound effect.
13. A lubricated fastener will take less torque than 21. Torque is not affected by socket
dry to achieve the same clamp load. extensions.
• Lubricants reduce friction, so it takes less torque (friction) to
tighten. 22. Torque is affected by handle length
extensions.
14. All metal prevailing torque lock nuts take less
23. Tapped holes, such as engine blocks, are
torque to tighten than a standard hex nut.
considered ‘wet’ torques by OEM.
• All of these products are coated with a wax finish to reduce
the prevailing torque drag friction caused by the locking 24. Never reuse a bolt in a critical application.
feature.
• There may be stress cracks that are not visible.
• These products are reusable at least five (5) times.
25. Never reuse a nut.
15. Never tighten a lubricated fastener without • Nuts have a finite life.
using the proper torque value for that lubricant.
• Damaged internal threads are common but not always
• Some lubricants are more ‘slippery’ than others. All types are visible.
different.
• Too high a torque with a very efficient lubricant will cause the 26. If one fastener fails in a multiple fastener
fastener to be stretched into yield (UNC) or to strip threads assembly, replace the adjacent fasteners.
(UNF).
• The loads have shifted and are forcing the adjacent
fasteners to absorb greater loads which will lead to
16. A lubricated fastener will not vibrate loose any their failure as well.
more than a dry fastener if the proper torque has
been applied. 27. If more than one fastener fails in a
• A lubricated fastener can produce greater and more consistent multiple fastener assembly, replace all of
clamp loads than non-lubricated fasteners. Naturally, if the fasteners.
the clamp load is higher, it is more resistant to vibrational
loosening. 28. Keep it clean.
17. Keep procedures consistent. 29. Keep it tight.
18. Never use torque as an ‘audit’ to check for joint 30. Keep an eye on it.
preload: there are too many variables and it is
inaccurate. 31. Fasteners are the least expensive
commodity product holding everything
• Variables include overcoming rust, paint or embedment. It is
not a true indicator. together.
When in Doubt, Throw it Out!

255
TAIWAN FASTENER INDUSTRY
CHRONICLE
2009
APR.
22-25
NFDA Annual Spring Conference
Apr. 22-25 NFDA held its annual spring
conference with the participation of 40-50
companies. 6 speeches were lectured during the
4-day event, including one by a famous economist,
Mr. Brown.
MAY
14-15
EFDA Distributors Conference in Italy
The third EFDA distributors conference was held at
22-25 Grand Hotel in Stresa (Italy). More than 100 European

members and notable figures from Taiwan, USA, and
Fastener Jamher Established a Europe were present to share their opinions and solutions
to the fast-changing fastener market.
New Factory
Fastener Jamher spent NT$ 160 million
establishing its new factory in Rende (Tainan) in
order to increase its capacity and step further into
the R&D of high value-added fasteners.

Review of 2009 Taiwan Industry
JUL.
July July
Go Best Screw Inaugurated Yow Chern New Wedge Anchor
New Plant Yow Chern successfully developed a new
wedge anchor that could solve common failure
Go Best Screw Industrial Co., Ltd. launched of expansion resulting in slip spinning and
its new 3,800 sqm plant including rooms for a new wedge bolt featuring both excellent
molds & dies, quality control, and an office, tensile strength and axial force.
and introduced advanced manufacturing
equipment, created a soot-free environment,
and introduced automated systems to produce
high quality drilling screws. AUG.
Aug. 14
TFTA Autumn Members Meeting
TFTA held the autumn members meeting and the election of the 4th term of directors
and supervisors on Aug. 14. Nearly 150 members attended to elect the new directors and
supervisors. Ms. Tammy Huang of Rexlen was elected the new TFTA Chairman.

SEP.
Sep. 23
U.S. AD Investigation Against
Steel Fasteners from China
and Taiwan
U.S. Nucor Fasteners filed its application to
U.S. ITC and DoC for AD investigation against
certain standard steel fasteners originating in
China and Taiwan, and was later nullified by ITC on
Nov. 06 due to no findings of material injury.
Sep. 28
The Five Regions Fastener
Association Conference
Taiwan Industrial Fasteners Institute hosted
the Five Regions Fastener Association Conference.
Notable figures from fastener associations in
Taiwan, Hong Kong, S. Korea, Japan, and China
gathered in Kaohisung to share the development
of their regional fastener industries and were
invited to visit the plants of Taiwan CSC.
APR.
09-10
27-30 Fastener Tech’09
Interwire and IFE Fastener Tech’09 took place at Donald E.
Stephens Convention Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Interwire and IFE focusing on fastener
126 exhibitors from the U.S., China, Japan,
machines and equipment held every two years
India, and Taiwan participated to introduced
were both held at I-X Center. 395 manufacturers
their products and service to the local market.
went to the Expo. Taiwanese companies led by
Fastener World as the sales agent also brought 4
Fastener World also came to exhibit.
Taiwanese companies to exhibit.

JUN.
23-26
China (Guangzhou) Int’l Fastener,
Spring & Equipment Exhibition
The 10th China (Guangzhou) Int’l Fastener,
Spring & Equipment Exhibition was one of the
affiliated thematic shows of China International
Metals Industry Trade Fair. Held at China Import &
Export Fair Pazhou Complex, the exhibition attracted
around 450 exhibitors to showcase steel plates,
forged parts, and related tools and machines, as well
as buyers from 10 countries.
25-28
Automotive Manufacturing Thailand
Automotive Manufacturing Thailand attracted
the participation of 373 exhibitors from 25 countries
(including 23 from Taiwan) showing high interest in
entering Thai automotive components market. The 4-day
event welcomed more than 34,000 visitors to discover
business opportunities of production and distribution of
automotive components.
AUG.
02-04
Hardex
Hardex was held at MTN Nasrec.
108 exhibitors from 8 countries
participated to showcase their latest
SEP. 03-05
hardware and hand tools. Most
visiting buyers were traders and
Expo Nacional Ferretera
importers. Expo Nacional Ferretera was held by Industrial &
Commercial Department and Industrial Manufacture
Development Commercial Association in Mexico. It was an
annual big event to the hardware industry in the region. A
variety of hardware and related products were displayed,
attracting more than 900 exhibitors from 35 countries.

SEP.
03-06
Expo Ferretera
The biennially held Expo Ferretera took place at 16-18
Costa Salguero Exhibition Center. This Expo was the
2nd largest hardware tradeshow in Latin America, China International Hardware Show
only second to Expo Nacional Ferretera in Guadalajara On Sep. 16-18 the world’s 2nd largest China
(Mexico). During the event, the organizer also International Hardware Show was held at Shanghai New
arranged several seminars in industrial development. International Expo Center (SNIEC). Exhibits included hand
tools, hardware, construction hardware & DIY products,
locks, safety products, as well as kitchen & sanitary ware.
OCT.
07-09
M-Tech Kansai
M-Tech Kansai was given at Intex Osaka.
This show was a gateway to relevant industrial
markets in Japan. 590 companies registered for
participation and there was also a special zone
for Taiwanese exhibitors.

OCT.
Oct. 08
Fastener Fair Stuttgart
The 3rd Fastener Fair Stuttgart was
held in Germany. Both the numbers of
exhibitors and visitors reached a new high.
625 exhibitors came to participate. The
number of Taiwanese exhibitors represented
by Fastener World even reached the record-
high 141, making Taiwan the largest overseas
exhibiting group of the year. The “Night
of Fastener World” event after the Fair
hosted by Fastener World even invited EFDA
President and several leading European
companies to enjoy cuisine and have some
15-18
fun together.
Teknik Hirdavat
Teknik Hirdavat dedicated to the fasteners,
building materials, and hardware industries took
place in Istanbul. Although it was a small show, it
offered several opportunities to exhibitors to establish
collaboration with local traders and importers.

Industry Focus
U.S. Fastener Trade with

Eastern Europe During 2021
W h a t p e r c e n t a g e o f U. S .
f as tener tr ade do e s E as ter n
Europe account for? Has fastener by Sabrina Rodriguez
t r a d e b e t w e e n t h e U. S . a n d
Eastern Europe stabilized in 2021
in comparison to 2020? Finally,
are fastener imports decreasing
during the first months of 2022 due
to the rising geopolitical conflicts
between Russia and Ukraine?
Data note: The data for this article is derived from Descartes™ Datamyne’ s US Census trade statistics. US Import and Export
Census trade statistics is based on all modes of transportation. That value is calculated in USD by CIF (imports). Ukraine trade
statistics is based on all modes of transportation and sourced from UN Comtrade. In this article fasteners are defined as any product
under HS Code 7318 (screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, rivets, cotters, cotter pins, washers and similar articles or iron or steel), as
well as the subcategories of 7318. For the sake of this article, Eastern Europe is defined to include the following 9 countries: Belarus,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine.
Eastern Europe has traditionally been known for its export market of vehicles, vehicle parts and general raw materials. It serves as a
region supplying its nearby trading partners such as Germany, Russia, and parts of western Europe. When it comes to fasteners, Eastern
Europe has seen significant amounts of imports and exports throughout the region. The value of fastener imports in 2019 totaled over 35.3
million USD; however during the height of the pandemic (2020), the total value of fastener imports decreased to 29.8 million USD. Fastener
exports from Eastern Europe during 2019 totaled 51.8 million USD and only slightly decreased in 2020 to 48.4 million USD.
During the beginning of 2022 trade was set to normalize in Eastern Europe and around the world, tensions between Russia and Ukraine
caused potential disruptions of overall trade flows and manufacturing in Ukraine. During this unfortunate turn of events in Ukraine and
Eastern Europe impacts to fastener trade between the U.S. and Eastern Europe can expect residue impacts due to the continuous Russian
invasions.
U.S. Fastener Trade with Eastern Europe: Did Trade During 2021 Normalize?
U.S. Imports of fasteners from Eastern Europe Fig. 1. U.S. Imports of fasteners from Eastern Europe (by percentage)
totaled 36.4 million USD during 2021 which was nearly
25% higher than the total value of 2020 (21.2 million
USD). The imports during 2021 were a total of 5.4% higher
than the total value of imports during 2019. The countries
within Eastern Europe that export most fasteners
are Czech Republic and Poland, while Czech Republic
accounts for 48% to 51% of total value and Poland
accounts for 15% of total value. Countries such as
Romania, Ukraine, and Belarus each exported 2% or less
to the U.S. in 2021. While trade flows might have slightly
plummeted in 2020 due to the pandemic, the total volume in
2021 was higher than in 2019 and 2020.

Industry Focus
Table 1. U.S. Imports of Fasteners from Eastern Europe (2019-2021; by Country of Origin)
Product HS : 7318 - Screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter pins, washers and similar articles, of iron or steel
2019 2020 2021
Country of Origin General Total General Total General Total

General General General
% Value CIF % % Value CIF % % Value CIF %
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(USD) (USD) (USD)
Czech Republic 1,831,772.00 66.75 17,009,804.00 48.07 1,746,788.00 65.19 15,483,351.00 51.88 1,913,124.00 61.24 17,643,996.00 48.47
Poland 395,962.00 14.43 5,601,050.00 15.83 466,467.00 17.41 4,655,199.00 15.60 626,345.00 20.05 5,786,815.00 15.90
Slovakia 345,747.00 12.60 3,550,614.00 10.04 326,865.00 12.20 2,759,681.00 9.25 379,752.00 12.16 3,198,970.00 8.79
Hungary 130,167.00 4.75 7,637,519.00 21.59 111,610.00 4.17 6,032,867.00 20.22 103,024.00 3.30 6,653,505.00 18.28
Bulgaria 15,972.00 0.59 777,717.00 2.20 4,008.00 0.15 201,829.00 0.68 66,513.00 2.13 2,236,397.00 6.15
Romania 21,961.00 0.81 649,652.00 1.84 16,835.00 0.63 668,843.00 2.25 32,228.00 1.04 866,518.00 2.39
Ukraine 2,726.00 0.10 163,410.00 0.47 6,503.00 0.25 26,728.00 0.09 2,596.00 0.09 15,651.00 0.05
Belarus 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 767.00 0.03 20,676.00 0.07 722.00 0.03 3,680.00 0.02
Total 2,744,307.00 100.00 35,389,766.00 100.00 2,679,843.00 100.00 29,849,174.00 100.00 3,124,304.00 100.00 36,405,532.00 100.00
Table 2. U.S. Imports of Fasteners from Eastern Europe (2022 Jan. & Feb. ; by Country of Origin)
2022 - JAN 2022 - FEB Volume Change
Country of Origin General Total General Total General Total

General General General
% Value CIF % % Value CIF % % Value CIF %
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(USD) (USD) (USD)
Czech Republic 159,926.00 70.11 1,256,540.00 48.56 141,925.00 60.32 1,136,198.00 34.83 -18,001.00 -11.26 -120,342.00 -9.58
Poland 16,859.00 7.40 354,874.00 13.72 43,232.00 18.38 907,479.00 27.82 26,373.00 156.44 552,605.00 155.72
Slovakia 34,571.00 15.16 338,161.00 13.07 27,697.00 11.78 250,415.00 7.68 -6,874.00 -19.89 -87,746.00 -25.95
Bulgaria 4,831.00 2.12 176,528.00 6.83 12,782.00 5.44 392,542.00 12.04 7,951.00 164.59 216,014.00 122.37
Hungary 5,248.00 2.31 408,901.00 15.80 7,040.00 3.00 483,530.00 14.83 1,792.00 34.15 74,629.00 18.26
Romania 6,678.00 2.93 52,980.00 2.05 1,775.00 0.76 86,885.00 2.67 -4,903.00 -73.43 33,905.00 64.00
Ukraine 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 855.00 0.37 5,232.00 0.17 855.00 100.00 5,232.00 100.00
Total 228,113.00 100.00 2,587,984.00 100.00 235,306.00 100.00 3,262,281.00 100.00 7,193.00 3.16 674,297.00 26.06
Table 3. U.S. Imports of Fasteners from Eastern Europe (by HS Code)
2021
Product HS General Total

General
% Value CIF %
Quantity
(USD)
7318158069 - Screws of iron or steel, with hexagonal heads, having shanks or threads with a diameter of 6
489,206.00 15.66 2,627,649.00 7.22
mm or more, others
7318290000 - Other non-threaded articles (fasteners) of iron or steel, others 456,215.00 14.61 6,352,018.00 17.45
7318152055 - Bolts of iron or steel with round heads, having shanks or threads with a diameter of 6mm or
339,863.00 10.88 1,867,548.00 5.13
more, others
7318152065 - Bolts of iron or steel with hexagonal heads, having shanks or threadswith a diameter of 6mm
241,347.00 7.73 1,264,507.00 3.48
or more, others
7318158085 - Other screws of iron or steel, having shanks or threads with a diameter of 6mm or more,
232,027.00 7.43 1,969,004.00 5.41
others
7318240000 - Cotters and cotter pins, of iron or steel 209,609.00 6.71 2,885,550.00 7.93
7318155090 - Studs of iron or steel, threaded, excluding stainless steel, others 170,902.00 5.48 2,209,238.00 6.07
7318190000 - Threaded articles of iron or steel others (not bolts, nuts or screws) 158,712.00 5.08 6,346,537.00 17.44
7318158045 - Other socket screws of iron or steel, having shanks or threads with adiameter of 6 mm or
150,809.00 4.83 925,415.00 2.55
more, others
7318158066 - Cap screws of iron or steel, with hexagonal heads, having shanks or threads with a diameter
94,405.00 3.03 628,078.00 1.73
of 6 mm or more
Total 3,124,304.00 100.00 36,405,532.00 100.00

Industry Focus
Fig. 2. U.S. Imports of
fasteners from Eastern
Europe (by year trend)
U.S Exports of fasteners

to Eastern Europe in 2021
totaled 63.9 million USD
w hich w as a signific ant
increase from the reported
total in 2019 of 51.8 million
USD. As expected, the total
value in 2020 was 48.4 million USD which was lower than both
2021 and 2019. Fastener exported to Ukraine in 2021 were a
reported total of 653,623 USD which was higher than in both
2019 and 2020. A relatively high value was reported in January
2022, but unfortunately in February 2022 the value dropped
to 27,757 USD which was a 95% decrease from January 2022.
While the reported values in 2021 appeared to have overall
increased in comparison to 2020 and 2019, fastener trade
did appear to have normalized in 2021 for all countries in
Eastern Europe.
Fig. 3. U.S. Exports of fasteners from
Eastern Europe (by percentage)
Table 4. U.S. Exports of Fasteners from Eastern Europe (2019-2021; by Country of Origin)
Product HS : 7318 - Screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter pins, washers and similar articles, of iron or steel
2019 2020 2021

Country of
Destination FOB Value FOB Value FOB Value
% Quantity % % Quantity % % Quantity %
(USD) (USD) (USD)
Poland 16,008,810.00 30.89 1,183,284.00 28.93 14,623,845.00 30.18 850,749.00 28.19 21,563,039.00 33.72 1,254,407.00 29.88
Czech Republic 17,704,747.00 34.16 1,701,402.00 41.60 13,782,580.00 28.44 1,225,119.00 40.59 17,923,428.00 28.03 1,705,082.00 40.61
Slovakia 3,442,365.00 6.65 220,229.00 5.39 7,325,929.00 15.12 239,993.00 7.96 9,003,818.00 14.08 342,453.00 8.16
Hungary 8,245,757.00 15.91 603,280.00 14.75 6,583,310.00 13.59 419,651.00 13.91 8,875,386.00 13.88 556,470.00 13.26
Romania 4,472,973.00 8.63 288,006.00 7.05 5,192,679.00 10.72 254,722.00 8.44 5,451,865.00 8.53 278,434.00 6.64
Ukraine 283,735.00 0.55 19,840.00 0.49 469,615.00 0.97 17,338.00 0.58 653,623.00 1.03 43,533.00 1.04
Bulgaria 495,486.00 0.96 21,672.00 0.53 458,398.00 0.95 11,039.00 0.37 457,367.00 0.72 18,172.00 0.44
Belarus 1,184,851.00 2.29 52,760.00 1.29 28,421.00 0.06 100.00 0.01 26,764.00 0.05 201.00 0.01
Moldova 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,927.00 0.01 7.00 0.01 3,923.00 0.01 17.00 0.01
Total 51,838,724.00 100.00 4,090,473.00 100.00 48,467,704.00 100.00 3,018,718.00 100.00 63,959,213.00 100.00 4,198,769.00 100.00
Table 5. U.S. Exports of Fasteners from Eastern Europe (2022 Jan. and Feb. ; by Country of Origin)
2022 - JAN 2022 - FEB Volume Change

Country of
Destination FOB Value FOB Value FOB Value
Quantity % % Quantity % % Quantity % %
(USD) (USD) (USD)
Poland 77,251.00 29.97 1,504,921.00 37.37 100,833.00 24.41 2,261,655.00 36.27 23,582.00 30.53 756,734.00 50.29
Ukraine 61,361.00 23.80 601,278.00 14.93 1,176.00 0.29 27,757.00 0.45 -60,185.00 -98.09 -573,521.00 -95.39
Czech Republic 55,881.00 21.68 1,062,448.00 26.38 204,224.00 49.44 1,990,032.00 31.91 148,343.00 265.47 927,584.00 87.31
Hungary 40,533.00 15.73 568,530.00 14.12 33,380.00 8.08 525,045.00 8.42 -7,153.00 -17.65 -43,485.00 -7.65
Romania 21,719.00 8.43 199,710.00 4.96 12,768.00 3.10 262,530.00 4.21 -8,951.00 -41.22 62,820.00 31.46
Slovakia 1,051.00 0.41 81,403.00 2.03 54,769.00 13.26 1,146,505.00 18.39 53,718.00 5,111.14 1,065,102.00 1,308.44
Bulgaria 27.00 0.02 9,736.00 0.25 6,006.00 1.46 23,189.00 0.38 5,979.00 22,144.45 13,453.00 138.18
Total 257,823.00 100.00 4,028,026.00 100.00 413,156.00 100.00 6,236,713.00 100.00 155,333.00 60.25 2,208,687.00 54.84

Industry Focus
Table 6. U.S. Exports of Fasteners from Eastern Europe (by HS Code)
2021
Product HS
FOB Value
% Quantity %
(USD)
7318152000 - Bolts and their nuts or washers exported in the same shipment 15,487,369.00 24.22 660,782.00 15.74
7318160000 - Nuts of iron or steel 11,116,193.00 17.39 358,883.00 8.55
7318240000 - Cotters and cotter pins, of iron or steel 10,493,996.00 16.41 1,202,732.00 28.65
7318159000 - Threaded fasteners others of iron or steel 7,189,294.00 11.25 830,755.00 19.79
7318290000 - Other non-threaded articles (fasteners) of iron or steel, others 6,811,778.00 10.66 226,412.00 5.40
7318190000 - Threaded articles of iron or steel others (not bolts, nuts or screws) 4,251,567.00 6.65 276,617.00 6.59
7318220000 - Washers other than lock washers, iron or steel 3,993,143.00 6.25 403,410.00 9.61
7318155000 - Studs of iron or steel, threaded 1,683,605.00 2.64 35,103.00 0.84
7318140000 - Self-tapping screws of iron or steel 855,073.00 1.34 108,847.00 2.60
7318230000 - Rivets of iron or steel 656,624.00 1.03 27,277.00 0.65
Total 63,959,213.00 100.00 4,198,769.00 100.00
Fig. 4. U.S. Exports of fasteners from Eastern Europe (by year trend)
Quarterly trends show that the U.S. imported the highest value of fasteners from Eastern Europe during the 3rd quarter
of the year totaling over 10.6 million USD, whereas the 1st quarter of the year reflected the lowest total value (8.1 million USD). The
two fasteners categories that accounted for the highest value in 2021 was 7318190000 (17.4%) and 7318290000 (17.4%).
During the 4th quarter of 2021, the U.S. exported a total value of 18.3 million USD to countries within Eastern Europe
which represented the quarter with the highest value. In turn, the 2nd quarter of 2021 resulted in nearly 13 million USD and was
the quarter with the lowest value. The U.S. did not export to countries such as Belarus and Moldova during the 1st and 3rd quarter of
2021 as there appeared to have been little to no demand for fasteners.
Ukraine: Largest Trading Partners

Ukraine had been importing much of their supply of fasteners from China over the last three years, followed by Poland and
Germany. In 2021, Ukraine imported 42.5% of their total value from China, 11.5% from Poland and 8.2% from Germany. Countries
such as the U.S. only accounted for about 3% of Ukraine’s imports of fasteners and has remained around 3% over the last 3 years. India,
Russia, and Belarus can be seen as Ukraine’s smallest trading partners.
On the other hand, Ukraine exports most of their fasteners to Poland, Russia, and India. In 2021, Poland accounted for 45% of the
total value of Ukraine’s fastener exports, Russia accounted for 9.4% and India accounted for 2.7%. Ukraine’s market for fastener exports
in 2021 was 16 million USD which was about an increase of 2 million USD from 2019 and 2020. Ukraine’s smaller trading partners
include Moldova, Slovakia, and Kazakhstan.

Industry Focus
Table 7. Fastener Import Origins for Ukraine
Partner 2019 2020 2021

Country Value (USD) % Weight (Kg.) % Value (USD) % Weight (Kg.) % Value (USD) % Weight (Kg.) %
China 54,464,925.00 46.49 38,643,436.00 73.51 48,772,800.00 42.93 34,920,589.00 66.55 50,788,060.00 42.57 28,768,301.00 60.56
Poland 11,313,477.00 9.66 3,893,680.00 7.41 14,595,841.00 12.85 5,231,537.00 9.97 13,733,846.00 11.52 4,030,412.00 8.49
Germany 10,290,121.00 8.79 1,454,530.00 2.77 10,489,796.00 9.24 2,136,264.01 4.08 9,812,574.00 8.23 1,893,744.00 3.99
Other Asia 8,064,564.00 6.89 2,679,948.00 5.10 9,869,355.00 8.69 3,254,754.00 6.21 9,774,772.00 8.20 2,837,040.00 5.98
Turkey 5,861,940.00 5.01 1,696,091.00 3.23 4,106,969.01 3.62 1,492,045.00 2.85 4,253,534.00 3.57 1,353,960.00 2.85
U.S.A 3,996,863.00 3.42 102,987.00 0.20 3,481,932.01 3.07 86,396.00 0.17 3,655,628.00 3.07 88,511.00 0.19
Italy 3,530,198.00 3.02 499,525.00 0.96 3,919,399.00 3.45 538,945.00 1.03 4,054,656.00 3.40 551,932.00 1.17
India 2,351,444.00 2.01 639,216.00 1.22 1,896,456.00 1.67 710,453.01 1.36 3,925,249.00 3.29 1,851,308.00 3.90
Russian
2,178,561.00 1.86 541,802.00 1.04 48,737.00 0.05 19,991.01 0.04 18,371.00 0.02 3,392.00 0.01
Federation
Belarus 1,540,901.00 1.32 704,737.00 1.35 2,606,334.00 2.30 1,319,790.00 2.52 2,583,932.00 2.17 1,354,008.00 2.85
Total 117,165,000.00 100.00 52,574,797.00 100.00 113,612,003.00 100.00 52,479,294.01 100.00 119,309,666.00 100.00 47,509,334.00 100.00
Table 8. Fastener Export Destinations for Ukraine
Partner 2019 2020 2021

Country Value (USD) % Weight (Kg.) % Value (USD) % Weight (Kg.) % Value (USD) % Weight (Kg.) %
Poland 3,722,663.00 25.62 3,145,253.00 48.84 5,379,571.00 38.27 5,696,278.00 64.11 7,274,117.00 45.19 5,998,937.00 65.07
Russian
2,437,990.00 16.78 1,297,384.00 20.15 1,687,475.00 12.01 528,596.01 5.95 1,516,328.00 9.42 683,320.00 7.42
Federation
India 1,988,469.00 13.69 3,943.00 0.07 113,558.00 0.81 319.00 0.01 440,353.00 2.74 1,476.00 0.02
Belarus 999,772.00 6.89 379,066.00 5.89 1,361,251.00 9.69 767,714.01 8.64 1,149,447.00 7.14 541,977.00 5.88
Germany 834,551.00 5.75 477,604.00 7.42 964,521.01 6.87 534,873.00 6.02 573,757.00 3.57 264,624.00 2.88
Hungary 585,167.00 4.03 295,912.00 4.60 490,054.01 3.49 241,121.00 2.72 455,812.00 2.84 233,947.00 2.54
Hong Kong 506,283.00 3.49 307.00 0.01 308,081.00 2.20 2,482.01 0.03 207,252.00 1.29 166.00 0.01
Kazakhstan 329,730.00 2.27 28,787.00 0.45 399,902.00 2.85 197,471.01 2.23 370,192.00 2.30 136,468.00 1.49
Slovakia 309,255.00 2.13 216,605.00 3.37 80,827.00 0.58 64,239.00 0.73 197,887.00 1.23 119,220.00 1.30
Moldova 294,152.00 2.03 96,705.00 1.51 437,491.01 3.12 128,828.01 1.45 406,166.00 2.53 129,353.00 1.41
Total 14,530,926.00 100.00 6,440,844.00 100.00 14,058,631.01 100.00 8,886,074.00 100.00 16,099,814.00 100.00 9,220,144.00 100.00
Looking Ahead into 2022: What Should We Expect to Happen in the Future?
The first two months of 2022 appear to represent disruptions to Ukraine imports of fasteners from
the U.S. which is likely due to the Russian invasion in Ukraine. In January 2022, the U.S. did not appear
to export fasteners to Ukraine; however in February 2022 the value totaled 5,232 USD. Other countries
in Eastern Europe appear to have received a smaller supply of fasteners in February 2022 in comparison
to January 2022 such as Czech Republic which decreased in value by nearly 10% and Slovakia that
decreased in value by nearly 26%. Countries like Poland increased by 155%, Bulgaria by 122% and
Romania by 64%.
While tensions between Russia and Ukraine continue, trade into the Eastern European
region can continue to become impacted significantly. Supply chain shortages as well as
disruptions to the overall supply chain continue to be a global challenge which could possibly
impact fastener trade not only between the U.S. and Eastern Europe but also globally.

Technology
“What are
Ultra High Strength Bolts?”
Advantages, Disadvantages and Shared
Experiences
by Ralph White
Introduction
Ultr a High Strength (UHS) bolts are al so known
as austemper heat treatment bolts that have a higher
hardness and subsequent tensile strength than bolt
property classes specified within ISO 898-1 1 . In August
2011, the VDA published a Material Data Sheet VDA 235-205 2
that defines the requirements of property classes 14.8, 15.8 and
16.8 by bainitic heat treatment for the automotive industry. As
these bolts increased in acceptance and released on automotive
applications there became a need to document some precautions,
effects on joint design and to establish a special property class
designation.
There is an increase cost because of the longer

austemper heat treatment process time with fewer bolts
than standard oil quench and temper. The process takes
Because of this increase in strength and performance, SAE/USCAR
about 16 minutes for the bolts to pass through the furnace
and IFI (Industrial Fastener Institute) established a “USCAR – IFI Guide
followed by a salt bath for about 40 minutes. The time in
for Ultra-High Strength Externally Threaded Fasteners” 3 which is
the furnace is based on the size and weight of the parts.
based on the VDA 235-205. This technical guide provides uniformity in
Most furnace belt processes recommendations are for a
materials, austemper heat treatment processing, inspection, and property
single layer thick of bolts. Other austempered fasteners
class identification. These UHS bolts are suitable for high volume
are hexagon flange nuts, multi-threaded U-nuts and loose
production with predictable physical properties (fatigue, tensile and
washers.
yield strengths) that are different from industry standard oil quench and
temper bolts. Unique head markings display a capital U after the
property class designation to denote an Ultra high strength bolt
(14.8U, 15.8U and 16.8 U). The guide also provides some precautions Austempering Heat
regarding the processing of UHS bolts and effects on joint design.
Treatment Overview
UHS bolts are commonly used on critical applications to The austempering process uses a salt bath not an oil
optimize the clamp load potential by using smaller nominal to quench cools the parts after being subjected to high
diameter bolts and achieving the tensile strength of a larger furnace temperatures. The result is a lower Bainitic
diameter bolt. These bolts support weight reduction on vehicles Structure compared to Martensitic Structure from a
especially on critical engine and chassis applications requiring conventional oil quench. An excellent article titled
high clamp loads. They also support special torque to yield power “Basics of Austempering” by Laurence Claus, President
tool assembly strategies to optimize clamp load because the ductility NNI Training and Consulting Inc. 4 describes the
in the elastic region. The same nominal diameter UHS bolt property metallurgical and austempering process in detail.
class 14.8U is about 25% stronger than a property class 10.9 with the
ductility of a property class 8.8. Some applications consider UHS Fastener Manufacturers state that the preferred
bolts as a “Problem Solver” for marginal designs and process sensitive material is SAE 8640 steel for austempering bolts to
applications. achieve uniform results. There are a few manufacturers

Technology
that have a slightly modified chemistry to the basic SAE 8640 Also, an MJ16 x 2.5 property class 14.8U bolt was Charpy Impact
to aid cold heading and provide focused physical properties evaluated per ISO 148-1 8 and the results are shown in (Figure
after austempering. Other steels investigated have been SAE 1.). The absorbed energy level for Charpy Impact test improved
6150, 5140, 4340, 4140 and SAE 4130 but 8640 performed significantly with austempered 14.8U bolts with bainitic condition
better. Changes in material trace elements other than versus property class 14.9 martensitic condition.
specified as SAE 8640, like Ti (Titanium) and S (Sulfur)
may require furnace adjustments. Also, an increase in part
core hardness could be a result of the wire draw change in
microstructure. The type of wire annealing for cold forming
the bolts has shown to be important for consistency of heat
treatment results (i.e., spheroidized, subcritical spheroidized,
stress relief, etc.). To aid the austempering process, the parts
received from the fastener manufacturers should be clean (no
phosphate) with a light water base rust inhibitor.
UHS bolt sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement (hydrogen

induced stress corrosion cracking) is the same or slightly less
susceptible than industry standard oil quench and temper bolts.
But not eliminated. See test procedures ISO 15330 “Fasteners
— Preloading test for the detection of hydrogen embrittlement Figure 1. MJ16 x 2.50 property class 14.8U (bainite) vs 14.9
— Parallel bearing surface method.” 5 Therefore, the corrosion (martensite) Charpy V-Notch test results.
protection recommendation is to avoid electro plating and
consider dip spin coatings. Many automotive OEM’s require
baking after heat treatment. Because of this concern, some
automotive OEM’s have developed a 12.8U that has a core Automotive Applications
hardness 34-39 HRC.
Typically, t he austemper process is evaluated a nd There are critical Internal engine, driveline, powertrain,
documented per AIAG CQI-9 “Special Processes: Heat and chassis applications that use 12.8U and 14.8U bolts
Treatment Systems Assessment” 6 Section 4 - Job Audit because of the “torque to yield” or “torque and angle”
prior to production quantity business activities. Inspection power tool tightening strategy. Some connecting rod bolts
procedures include industry standard hardness checks, tensile have a multiple tightening strategy where the UHS bolt has an
pulls and bainitic microstructure testing. The Microstructure increase of clamp load at yield point during second tightening.
inspection uses Sodium Metabisulfite (SMB) Etchant analysis The long yield curve optimizes the power tool shut-off accuracy.
method on epoxy-based mounting compound specimen for Also, internal engine UHS fasteners can be smaller (i.e., M7
detecting bainite and martensite. Some fastener manufacturers replaces an M8). Chassis joints tend to use 14.8U because the
conduct torque vs. tension testing after corrosion coating prior joints can have longer thread engagement to optimize the bolt
to shipping to their customers. high tensile strength.
Because of the increased hardness, UHS bolts can become Also, UHS bolts are on applications where an increase in
magnetized if subjected to magnetic feeding equipment. The nominal diameter size cannot be packaged in the assembly.
concern is that if the bolts become magnetized, they tend to They support weight reduction initiatives and used where the
attract small metallic particles that can interfere with assembly. joint requires increased strength. As mentioned above, some
While the exact industry standard is unknown, there is an applications consider UHS bolts as a “Problem Solver” for
acceptable level of magnetism from 0 to 3 gauss on parts to marginal designs and process sensitive applications.
prevent picking up chips and will not interfere with vehicle
electronics. A recommendation is to have demagnetizers
installed when using magnetic feeding equipment. Important Design and
Austempering is a proven heat treatment process applied Application Factors
for many years on parts such as springs, clips, U-nuts, long
rods, long small diameter bolts, washers, small assemblies, Design
etc. This process has provided volume production of property
grade 14.8U bolts for the automotive industry for over 10 years. The bolt under head fillet design is important because of the
change in the mass area and heat retention between the cylindrical
Properties of Austemper Bolts: Property class 14.8U bolts body and the larger head. For fatigue applications consider
can have an increase of fatigue strength up to +20% versus 10.9 specific requirements for fillet radius size and/or shape, such
bolts when threads are rolled after heat treatment. Advantages as special designed fillet (double radii or elliptical) using FEM
of lower bainitic structure vs. martensitic structure are lower simulations. Also of importance is the location of thread run out
internal stresses within crystal microstructure, better ductility (distance of the first thread to under head bearing surface) based
at comparable strength, higher fatigue properties per ISO – on the joint geometry and imposed load forces. Increase bearing
3800 7 , less distortion by austemper heat treatment due to surface pressure under the bolt head from the higher clamp load
lower residual stresses, and less probability for quench cracks. could exceed the compressive strength of the joint.

Technology
It is preferred that the UHS bolts have a MJ thread form per
ISO – 5855 “Aerospace – MJ threads” 9,10 (MJ12-1.25) and thread
rolling after treatment. The tensile stress area of a MJ thread will
be slightly larger than a standard ISO M threads (M12-1.25) of
the same size and pitch. Because of the MJ thread profile there is
higher cost in die wear and slower thread rolling tool piece rate.
Thread rolling after heat treatment dramatically decreases roll
die life. There are special thread rolling dies made of M42 tool
steel has shown improves thread rolling life when thread rolling
fasteners after hardening. Rolled threads after heat treatment
show improved fatigue life and optimize the purpose of the UHS
bolt properties.
Commonly dip spin surface corrosion protective coatings

are specified on most UHS fasteners provide consistent friction
properties for predictable torque and clamp load performance.
The coatings have uniform thickness to provide improved
corrosion resistance plus the coating application process does not
introduce the potential for hydrogen embrittlement.
Application Figure 2. Desired bolt 2-piece failure at 3.5 x diameter of

thread engagement.
If the UHS bolt is replacing an existing ISO grade (say
a 10.9) the tightening specification may need adjustment to
optimize the UHS bolt special properties. A key design rule
is that the bolt breaks into two pieces without the nut threads
stripping (Figure 2.). Stripping of the nut is not acceptable. The
mating component material and internal thread engagement
are important considerations when using UHS bolts. Often the
thread engagement is increased to optimize the UHS bolt high
tensile strength. Aluminum tapped holes can be problematic
because of the many types of material physical properties. It
is recommended to conduct power tool torque to failure testing
to establish a safety factor for a failure mode. An example is
the internal thread engagement of an aluminum knuckle using
a power tool torque to failure on a M10 x 1.5 property class
14.8U bolt. The internal threads had strippage at 2 x dia., 2.5 x
dia., 2.75 x dia. (Figure 3.). At 3.5 x dia. The bolt broke in two.
Also, higher clamp loads of UHS bolts increase bearing surface
pressure that may result in bolt embedment into mating surface. Figure 3. Aluminum internal thread strippage at 2 x dia.,
2.5 x dia., 2.75 x dia.
Summary References
1. ISO 898-1: Fifth edition 2013-01-15, “Mechanical properties of fasteners
made of carbon steel and alloy steel” Part 1: Bolts, screws, and studs
The increase clamp load and ductility of UHS austemper with specified property classes – Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
heat treatment bolts are an essential contribution to weight 2. VDA 235-205, August 2011, “ Ultra strength fasteners with bainitic heat
reduction supporting the trend for downsizing engines, treatment for automotive industry – property classes 14.8 to 16.8”
drivetrain, and chassis components. There is extra cost for 3. “USCAR – IFI Guide, November 23, 2015, for Ultra-High Strength
Externally Threaded Fasteners GUIDE Number: UHSFG-1416U-2014”
UHS bolts compared to martensitic quench and temper property
4. “Basics of Austempering” by Laurence Claus, President NNI Training
classes, i.e.,10.9. Because UHS bolts use SAE 8640 steel wire, and Consulting Inc., Fastener Technology International, February 2014.
have a slower volume austemper heat treatment process, forming 5. ISO – 15330: First edition 1999-09-01, Fasteners – Preloading test for
MJ thread profile and threading after heat treatment. the detection of hydrogen embrittlement – Parallel bearing surface
method.
The outlook has a slowly expanding market demand 6. AIAG CQI-9: Version 3, Special Processes: Heat Treatment Systems
Assessment.
on automotive critical applications. UHS bolts are used to
7. ISO – 3800: 1993, Confirmed in 2021, Threaded fasteners – Axial load
support weight reduction initiatives and considered a “Problem fatigue testing – Test methods and evaluation of results
Solver” for marginal designs and process sensitive applications. 8. ISO – 148-1: Third edition 2016-10-15, Metallic materials – Charpy
There is evidence that UHS bolts are steadily moving mainstream pendulum impact test.
and used by automotive engineers by expanding the VDA 9. ISO – 5855-1: 1999, Confirmed in 2021, Aerospace – MJ threads - Part 1:
classifications to include an additional property class 12.8U. General requirements
10. ISO – 5855-2: 1999, Confirmed in 2021, Aerospace – MJ threads - Part
2: Limit dimensions for bolts and nuts.

Exhibition
The Return of
R eed Tradex Thailand Co., Ltd will power up the business

rebound by launching the first all manufacturing show
after having disappeared for 2 years. “Manufacturing Expo
2022,” will open on June 22-25 at BITEC Hall, Bangkok
Thailand. We recognize the magic in making memories on
B2B Trade show. Under the concept of “Power Up” is a gathering
of manufacturers from a variety of industries such as automotive,
electronics, mold & die, plastics, automation systems and solutions
for the manufacturing industry, robots and automation for hospitality and
services, and surface treatment and coatings. This is to encourage the mutual
collaboration to power up without limitation through trade exhibitions with the
latest technologies that can enhance creativity and power for manufacturers in
all aspects, such as knowledge update through conferences organized within
the shows by guest speakers who are experts in their fields.
M oving against challenges, the manufacturing and supporting

industries need more power to thrive. “Manufacturing Expo
2022” is bringing back all the powers industrialists need in forms of
latest manufacturing machinery and solutions from over 2,000 brands
from 30 countries. That consists of five international specialized
events serving auto-parts making, plastics manufacturing, mold and
die making, industrial automation, and surface treatment for industrial
parts. “Manufacturing Expo 2022” will be the most comprehensive
industry event in ASEAN where over 85,000 participants will
network, discover, and be empowered by new knowledge in seminars,
networking functions, and more. Come find your new power!

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C 97 CANATEX INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 保力德 116 DELTEKS INDUSTRIES INC. 見承

189 CHANG BING ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 彰濱 34 DIN LING CORP. 登琳

86 DUNFA INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 敦發 78 FU HUI SCREW INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 福輝

147 FU KAI FASTENER ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 福凱

204 GINFA WORLD CO., LTD. 濟音發

187 FIXI SRL. (Italy) 93 HARVILLE FASTENERS LTD. 豪威爾

213 HSIN YU SCREW ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 新雨 76 KWANTEX RESEARCH INC. 寬仕

45 HU PAO INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. 如保

135 LIN YU ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 林裕

27 JET FAST COMPANY LIMITED 捷禾 M 89 MAC PRECISION HARDWARE CO. 鑫瑞

41 JIN TA TRADING CO., LTD. 金達 55 MASTER UNITED CORP. 永傑

19 JOKER INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 久可 127 MOUNTFASCO INC. 崎鈺

114 KATSUHANA FASTENERS CORP. 濱井 50 ND INDUSTRIES ASIA INC. 穩得

123 SHUENN CHANG FA ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 舜倡發

R 14 REXLEN CORP. 連宜 141 SOURCING SOLUTIONS FASTENERS new 優德

115 RMZ AUSTRIA 24 SPEC PRODUCTS CORP. 友鋮

8 SPECIAL RIVETS CORP. 恆昭

44 SUPER DPD CO., LTD. 三御 22 TONG HWEI ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 東徽

258 TUNG FANG ACCURACY CO., LTD. 東鈁

98 TAIWAN SELF-LOCKING FASTENERS IND. 台灣耐落 U 243 UNITAPPING CO., LTD. 欣曜

16 THREAD INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 英德

W 28 WYSER INTERNATIONAL CORP. 緯聯 234 BIING FENG ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 秉鋒

Exhibitions 展覽 Tooling / Dies 工 / 模具區

166 PROJECT QATAR 2022 247 FRATOM FASTECH CO., LTD. 福敦

082 Fastener World no.194/2022

Among the most significant recent additions we

Finally, from 2016 Ambrovit has obtained the ETA

Also, the always renewed interactive catalogue

Fastener World no.194/2022 083

TFTA Holds Seminar on

Taiwan sells fasteners to the whole world. The impact from

146 Fastener World no.194/2022

Managing Director Jannus Lin of the Taiwan branch of Bufab said

148 Fastener World no.194/2022

4 Major Categories Show 2-Digit Growth in Volume and Price

150 Fastener World no.194/2022

Surging Int’l Steel Price Gives Fastener Suppliers a

by Gang Hao Chang, Vice Editor-in-Chief of Fastener World

Chinese Steel Market European Steel Market

Monetary unit in millions

Europe Financial Year Sales

2021 vs. 2020

2021 1,897.3 298.6 248.0

2021 942.8 --- 35.9

S. Korea Operating Profit Net Profit 2021 vs. 2020

154 Fastener World no.194/2022

Fastener World no.194/2022 155

2021 1,426.205 166.088 (117.173) (105.369) (96.729)

China Operating 2021 vs. 2020

2021 393.970 86.099 86.261 75.864

156 Fastener World no.194/2022

Since the beginning of this April, the number of Covid-19

164 Fastener World no.194/2022

According to a newly released market report

Fastener World no.194/2022 165

Fastener World no.194/2022 169

Now a member of European Association for

Klimas focused on developing the southern and

» Contact: Maciej Strychalski, Marketing Director

170 Fastener World no.194/2022

The company offers solutions for highly stressed wood