TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM HÀ NỘI 2

KHOA GIÁO DỤC MẦM NON

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BÀI TẬP LỚN

MÔN: PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIÁO DỤC KHOA HỌC CHO TRẺ MẦM NON

Topic 2: From the knowledge you have learned, please present the basic
issues of the principles of science education for preschool children; On
that basis, analyze the theme of Animals to determine the goals, content of
science education for preschool children and conversational methods in
scientific discovery on the topic of Animals? Give an example to illustrate
a conversation activity on the topic of Animals? (for 5 - 6 year olds)

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Hà Nội 2022
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Mục lục
A).Scientific principles of early childhood education.....................................................3
1. Principles of purpose assurance...............................................................................3
2. Principles to ensure fitness........................................................................................3
3. The principle of ensuring practicality......................................................................3
4. Principles of ensuring development.........................................................................3
5. The principle of ensuring visibility...........................................................................4
6. Principles of ensuring scientific and systematic character.....................................4
B).Conversational method................................................................................................4
1. Concept....................................................................................................................... 4
2. Request.......................................................................................................................4
3. Process........................................................................................................................ 5
4. Proceed....................................................................................................................... 5
C). Objective animal theme..............................................................................................5
1. Family Pets................................................................................................................. 6
2. Some animals live in the forest.................................................................................6
3. Animals that live in the water...................................................................................6
4. Insects- birds..............................................................................................................6
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Nội dung

A).Scientific principles of early childhood education

1. Principles of purpose assurance
- Each subject in preschool has different main goals, so it is necessary to determine the
main goal of the subject for children to learn about the surrounding environment based on
the common goals of the grade level.

- From there, determine the goals of the topics according to the children's ages and build
them into lesson goals and activity goals to guide children to explore science about the
surrounding environment.

2. Principles to ensure fitness

- The teaching content is suitable to the general abilities and cognitive level of the
children

- Pay attention to the individual development of each child to teach and ensure the
development of each child

3. The principle of ensuring practicality

- It is the selection of subject content suitable to actual physical conditions; At the same
time, teaching children to apply what they have learned into practice, creating a close
connection between theory and practice to ensure the effectiveness of the teaching
process.

- Guide children to learn and discover problems arising from real life

4. Principles of ensuring development

- Ensure the development of the number of objects for children to learn and learn: at
different ages, the number of objects that children study and learn about is different. Not
only that, the number of object groups and the number of signs of grouping and
classifying also increased with age.

- Ensure the development of time for children to explore topics, lessons and activities in
the lesson: study time for children of all ages; The time teachers use, change teaching
methods, and change the nature of children's activities also vary depending on the age and
ability of the child.
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- Ensure the development of properties of objects for children to learn: from visual,
abstract, easy to difficult, simple to complex, individual to general, close to open to the
world around

5. The principle of ensuring visibility

- It is the use of methods, visual aspects at the right time, in the right place, with a
purpose.

- Ensure the requirements of visual means: beautiful, safe, sufficiently stimulating,

suitable to the child's ability and cognitive level, suitable to the subject's characteristics.

6. Principles of ensuring scientific and systematic character

- Although the knowledge taught to children is simple, it needs to be logically arranged
and easy to understand. The topics taught to children need to be built according to the
children's needs and interests in learning and discovering.

- It is necessary to ensure the accuracy and scientific nature of the knowledge to be taught
to children

B).Conversational method
1. Concept
The conversational method is a way in which the teacher uses a system of questions
arranged in a logical sequence based on the child's experience to help children learn and
discover the content of the lesson.

2. Request
+ Requirements on how to ask

• Gentle, emotional, motivating

• Organized in many forms and intonations

• Praise for correct answer

• Ask a side question if answering is out of focus

• Correcting and correcting errors in expression and pronunciation

+ Inquiry about the question

• Consistent with the goal, content

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• Concise, clear, easy to understand

• Matching cognitive ability

• Suitable, logical arrangement

• Stimulate children's curiosity

3. Process
+ prepare

• Determine the goal

• Define form

• Prepare the question system

• Estimated time

• Planned location

• Anticipate the situation

4. Proceed
• Step 1: Stabilize the organization

• Step 2: Check knowledge

• Step 3: Question the system gives

• Step 4: present results, comments

C). Objective animal theme

- Children can compare to see the similarities and differences of close familiar animals
through some of their characteristics.

- Children know their benefits and harms to human life

- Know the simple relationship between animals and the living environment (food,
reproduction, movement, ...) of the animals.

- There are some simple skills on how to take care of animals that live in close proximity

D).Animal theme content

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1. Family Pets
- Children learn to name animals

- Features of the prominence, similarities and differences of some animals

- The relationship between the structure of the animal with the living environment, with
movement, way of feeding

- Development process

- How to contact animals (safety) and maintain hygiene

- How to take care of and protect animals

- Benefit

2. Some animals live in the forest

- Names of different animals

- Distinctive features, similarities and differences of some animals

- Development process

- Benefits/harms of some animals

- The relationship between the living environment and the structure, movement, call, food
and habits of some animals

- The danger of extinction of some rare and precious animals that need to be protected

3. Animals that live in the water

- Children learn to name animals

- Outstanding features, similarities and differences in (construction, habitat, food, habits

of foraging and self-defense ...)

- The relationship between structure and movement and living environment

- Benefit

4. Insects- birds
- Children learn to name animals

- Characteristics, similarities and differences between some insects and birds in terms of
structure, color, movement, food, foraging habits
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- Benefits (or harms)

- Protect (or destroy)

For example: conversation about fish

1. Prepare

- She prepares buckets and pots of water

- Can be different types of fish like perch, carp, goldfish or use pictures or photos

+ Determining the purpose: children know the characteristics, structure, living

environment, habits of foraging and self-defense, benefits

+ prepare questions and answers

Includes questions to test children's understanding and knowledge already and questions
to help children learn and explore the content of the lesson.

+ Estimated time: 7-10 minutes

+ Venue: in class

+ predict the situation to happen

2 proceed

Step 1: Stabilize the organization, create excitement

The teacher gives the children the answer to the fish puzzle and directs the children to the
conversation

Example: What is it, dear Tam

Golden rice, silver rice, feeding in the morning and afternoon

Children's answer: Goby fish

What fish has a flat head with a beard?

My whole life hidden in the deep mud

Children's answers: Catfish

Step 2: Make requests and ask questions to test children's understanding

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Teachers ask questions to test children's understanding

Example: Have we seen fish?

How do you see fish?

Like where do the fish live?

Step 2: The system asks questions and organizes discussions for children to learn about
objects.

The teacher organizes for children to discuss in groups about individuals. Each group of 3
different fish for children to be able to identify

For example:

group 1: carp, group 2: goldfish, group 3 perch

Then, teachers will exchange with each other each structure formatting features, such as:

+ What color is the carp?

+ What color is gold fish?

+ Are there any differences between the 3 types of fish?

+ What parts does a fish have?

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Tài liệu tham khảo

1, Hướng dẫn tổ chức thực hiện các hoạt động giáo dục trong trường mầm non theo chủ
đề (trẻ 5-6 tuổi), chủ biên Lê Thu Hương