NATIONAL MAULANA AZAD

INS TITUTE
OF
DEPARTMENTOFTEoNOLOGY,
PHYSICS
BHO
LL
B.Ich. Sem
OBJECT EXPERIMENT:
MELDE'S
Todeteminethe EXPERIMENT
threqueney of
electrically maintained tuning fork
APPARATUSUSED:
Electrically
MaintainedTuning
Box,Thread. Fork,
Battery
Eliminator,
Meter
Scale,
Pulley.
THEORY
When a chordof mass perunit length 'm'is
stretched connected to the vibrator tornkanud
withtensionT,thechord
is vibrates
then adjusted until well defined
in segnments.If the
length of the
nodes are formed, the frequency c of the
stretched issame as the vibrating
string fork.Then if T is the length of onc loop
ofvibrating the frequencyofvibrationin
string,
thread,isgivenby transversearrangement otforkto

ofvibrationin
And thefrequeney longitudinal arrangement is givenby.

FORMULA:
1
The frequeneyin transversearrangement,
2
LTVm

Where S= FrequeneyofRod (ac main)

=Distancebetween two nodes

T TensionApplied
m-Mass per unit lengthof thread

arrangement
The frequencyin longitudinal
T
With same meaning ofsymbols.
Melde's Experiment
RT

im
Ph
PROCEDURE:
(a)Transverse
arrangement
a.Fixa thread tooneofthe prongsofthe fork.With the help of a serew
the thread in
Stretch line with the prongof the
suppliedforthatpurpose. a

forkand passitovera ballbearingpulleyclamped to a stand |Fig 1)

Thecurrentisswitchedon and adjust the platinum contact screwtomake
It is seen that the prongof forkbeginstovibrate
theforkvibrate.
of
Thelength chord is adjusted till it is found that its freeend attains

,.
ec maximum amplitude.
Nodesare observedat the extreme end pointsof thread,Measure the
Iength thestringand numbers ofloopsbetween them
of
att of
Calculatethe length oneloop
f. Calculatetensionand compute frequencyof fork.
g Repeattheexperimentwithconstanttensionsbut differentsegmeent
we

(b)Longitudinal arrangement-
a.Fixa threadtooneofthe prongsofthe fork.With the help
to
a screw
of
the of
for
supplied thatpurpose. Stretch threadatrightangles the length
an theprongof the forkand pass it overa ball bearingpulleyclamped to a
stand [Fig
2].
as for
b.Performtheexperimentsame Transversearrangement
tc c. Fora particular
s calculate the length of one loop /,
egment, tension and

compute frequencyoffork.
f,
d. withconstanttensionsbut differentsegment,
Repeattheexperiment

sta

m
ho n1ew

Batteryeleinuntor

ef M Fig1.Tssvesse
m1 ngenent

RCeW

Fig7.
Loigidnala Batteyelemnator
mgeneit

Melde'sExperiment
OBSERVATIONS:
a) Mass ofthepan gm

b) Mass of
threadper unit length m 0.007932 gm/cm

due togravityg
980 em/sec
c) Acceleration

Table1:For
transverse
arrangement

ofPan + No.of Length of Length off

S.No Mass Tension
one Loop
Weightsuspended T-Mg Loops VibratingThread
L cm = L/n cm 27m
(dynes)
M (gm.)

J
Mean Jransverse Cycles/sec

Table2:Forlongitudinalarrangement
of
Tension No.of Length of Length
Mass ofPan+ one Loop
S.No. T-mg Loops VibratingThread m
Weightsuspended
m (gm.) (dynes)
n L cm
l=L/n
cm

Cycles/sec
VIcan Jlongitudinal

CALCULATIONS:
Fortransverse
arrangement

cycles/sec.
Forlongitudinalarrangement

cycles/sec.

Frequency offork LransverseLongitudina

cycles/sec.

Melde's Experiment
RESULT:
offorkis found tobe
.Thefrequency Hertz.

SOURCE OF ERROR AND PRECAUTIONS: less

the tensio
Thereshould be no frictionin the pulleybecauseitcauses
is
than that actuallyapplied. the
ii. and antinodesshould be sharnlydefined which justifies opinu
he nodes
weightput on the pan.
so that it viDra
iii.
The length of the steel rod should be initiallyadjusted
ofthe vibration or rod Is
T hiswillensure thatthe frequency
maximum amplitude.
same as that ofA.C. Mains.
remains constant
iv. should be so that its mass per unit length
he chord inextensible
and antinodesmay
not change during the
between the nodes
and thedistance
experiment the
freely in betweenthe polesof magnet
Therodshould be horizontaland passthat ofA.C.Mains whilevibrating.
sothatitattainsthesame frequency
as
beforepassingthrough
vi. TheA.C. should be steppeddown toabout (6 8 volts)
constant.
thewire,tomake the distance between nodes and antinodes