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    © All Rights Reserved
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    28 views221 pages

    Tablice Iz Otpornosti Materijala Danilo Raskovic

    Uploaded by

    djomico

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 221

    Ap HHlK.

    AAHHJ\O P AlilKOBH'Fl

    TABJ\. I1UE
    H3

    OTTIOPHOCTH MATEPHJAJ\.A
    e"'AAI OVIO 1I6'f1Y~

    xm Jil3ME.If,EHO Jil3.llAH>E

    \. \

    r PAD E B 11 H C K A KID liT A"


    " Ii EO r P A)l, 1985.
    PeueH3CKT

    Jlp HHlK. KATYlUA)(EJlPI1X. B8Hp. npoq,.


    MawHHCKor $aKymCTa y HHWY

    3a HPO "rpal)eaHHexa ""'MrS": MwtSH BKWlbHh - rnBBHK ype,aHKIC, MwtHUB .uOJlKh


    - onroaoplDl YPCIl/IIIJC, OnTa BaCHJloCBKh - ypeJlHIIJC, ' lOBO KapauKh - TexHH'OOI
    YPCIl/IIIJC, CHeJIClIH8 HeuHh - H8C110BHa C\llaHa

    1'Hp8llC: 5.000 npKMep:uca

    UJT8Mna: UJTaMnaPKjs .Ba~ap" Bop


    nPEllrOBOP llBAHAECTOM H311Al-bY
    OBO 1131131he Tu6.1uqa U3 OiJiiiOPHOCiJiu .lfaiJi epujaAa HCTO j c Kao II
    npeTXO-UHa H3-ua1h3, aJJH cy nornYHO 113MelheHe Me pH e je-UHHHue nojellH-
    HHX BeJJHqHHa II Y reKCTY H Y TafiJJHllaM3 y -uyxy 33KOHa 0 MepHHM j e-
    -UIIHHU3M3 II MepIIJlIIM3 (CJJYlKfieHH JlIICT C4>PJ 6p. 13/76, QpaH3 341).
    Ii

    oeorp311, 17. jaHyapa 1982. rO-UIIHe. ll. P.

    llPE,UrOBOP

    ,Ua 611 CTYAeHTH npH peWaBaH>~' 3allaTaKa 113 OTnoplt0CTU .IUlTepu)ClAc.


    Mor JlH JlaKWe KOPHCTHTH pa3He HYMepl1'1Ke H npaKTH'IHe no-uaTKe. aBe cy
    To6J1u~e H311BojeHe H3 YI,l6eHHKa 36uPKa 3aaaTaKa IL3 OT1lOPHOCTU AtaTe-
    pujClAa. OHe ey YCKJlaljeHe ca MOjHM yufieHHl\HMa OTTlOpHOCT AtaTcpujClAa
    11 36upKO 3aaaToKa U3 o'rnopHocTU AtaTepujClAa, na cy cnpoaelleHa MeTa
    ofieJle>KaBalha Kao H y y ufir·HHllI1Ma.
    TafiJlHl\e ey npBeHeTlleHO HaMetbeHe CTYlleHTHMa MalUHHeKHX q,a-
    KYJlTE1Ta, aJlH >ly. MOry KOPHCTHTH H cry,lleHTH ,lIpyrnx q,aKYJlTeTa, BHCC;-:fX
    H BHWKX WKOJla na H TeXHH'{KHX WKOJIa.
    no JKeJbH eTY,lleHaTa AonYlbeHe ey TafiJlHlle eJlaCTH'IHHX JlHHHja H
    pa3HH MaTeMaTH'IKH ofipacUH Y l\HJbY OJlllKlllatba HYMepK'O<Or pewetba
    eJlOJKeHKX npo6.neMa H3 OTIlOPHOCTH MarepHjBJIa M TeopKje OCl\KJlaUl11a.
    C Ofi3HpOM Ha BeJIHKY npll1\leHy JlOrapMTMapa ,lIO,lla'r je O,llCJbaK 0 PAA)!
    ca JlOrapHridapoM.
    npoq,. lIP HHJK. M. Tp60jeBHII fiPHJKJbHBO je npo'lHTao pyxonHC M
    y'lHHHO MH KopHCHe npHMeAfie Ha '1eMY My ee HajcpJl.8'1Hltje. 3axBaJbyjeM.
    3aXB3JbyjyllH ,.rpa~ea ·ItHCKoj K>I>U3U'-' y neTOM M311aIbY ,lIO,llaTa jc
    npoWHpeHa Ta6JIMlla XnI. Y WecTOM M3,l131bY (M3 1965. ro,llKHe) ,lIO,llaTa je
    TafiJlHl\a XVIII . .. noaa~u 0 CTaHaapduMQ "peMa JY10CA08eHCKUAt cra'"
    oapalUUl Jye", a y OBOM - oeMOM - H3,l1aH>Y H Ta6J1u~e xunep6oAw .. Kl&I
    4>YHK~uja 3a apeaHOCTW Oil x=O IlO x = 2r.. CeM TOra OTKJlOIbeHH cy YO'le-
    HH wTaMnapcKH He,llOCTRl\H.
    Pa./lM eMaH>elba TpowKoBa WTaMnatba yufieHHKa HHCY ee MOrJle M3-
    MeHHTH MepHe jeAHHHl.\e noje./lHHHX BeJlH'floIHa Y AYXY 33KOH3 0 MepHItM
    je./lMHMl\aMa (CnYJKfieHH JlIiCT C4>PJ fip. 45/61), na npH '1IiTaIbY Tpe6a
    KOPHCTIiTH 03HaKe H je,llHHHl.\e ,lIaTe Y TafiJlIiUH Ha HapeJlHoj CTpaHIt.

    5. MapTa 1961. rOAHHe


    7. q,efipyapa 1971. rO./ll1He .II P.
    Beorpa./l
    MEPHE JEnYlHYlUE nPEMA 3AKOHY 0 MEPHI1M JMI1H I1 UAMA
    (c,1\,>t-:6cHIi ; IIICT C<PPJ Gp. 13/76, CTpaHa 341.}

    ~l Mr plIa R l',l lC'IHtU\ OJt13Ka MepH e j C411HHU C


    "-,
    I. Ay>t'HHn L Mer.p. : rn = 10 drn = 100 ern = 1000 mrn;
    MHKpOH (1') = MH,pOMerap (I' rn);
    MH.1KMHKpOH (m Il) = HaHo~leTap (om).

    2. n ORp wHH a A Im'; ap. I • = 100m'; ""TaD. 1 ha = 10< m';


    I kmt = lOa m2; 1 dm:l = 10- : mt; 1 em! = 10 ~ rna;
    1 mm2 = 10 - 1 rna.
    3. 3anp~MHHa V I m ' ; km' = 10' m'; 1 dsm' - 10' m' ; 1 dm' =
    ; = 10- 1 m'; 1 em' = 10-' m';
    'Hrap. 1 I = 1.1000 028 dm' ~ I dm';
    6po~e.a TOHa. I hI = 2.8J2 m'.
    4. Yrao rad 1 1°
    L CTrn r H. 1° = 90 L ; "HHyr •• I' = 60 ; ee'YHn••
    I' 1
    1" = -60'' rpa.yc
    . •
    Ig = -100'
    -L ' p·'H)·
    -
    ...
    .
    180 200
    = 1 rad = - - L = - - g r.dusa .
    5.
    , "
    Bp. " e T (I min = 60 s) ; l'aT
    l'(, K~f H .1a · ( S); !-HtUyTB U.nH 'UIC
    (1 h = 60 min) ; na. (1 d = 2~ h).
    6. 6p'HHa ,. m/s ; m min ; kUl/h ; qBOP (kno l) = I nmUe/h =
    = 1.851 km/h.
    7.
    ~.
    'y 6 p38tbC

    Milea 'M, m
    " mIs'
    .H.orp'w (kg) ; ;rOHa. 1 I = 10' kg: .,iI.HT.. Hnll
    I
    M"UOeKa Ue,na. 1 q=IOO kg; rp .... \' g.....:O.OOI ·kg:·
    Cne1lH~1I1{1I8 lr.Ia·
    9. r = MfV kg/m': I g/cm'= 10' kg/ m' = I,OO!) 028 gfrom'.
    ~a - r.rrTlilla
    10. CHAa. T\')KHHI F; 0 "'YTH (newlon). l N =1. kgm/s'; KHJl1nOHll. I kp _
    =9."116 65 N; MerlnOH4. ·Mp=IO' kp;noH4,
    I p = U.ool kp; ".'.1I0H4. I 10-" ·kp.mf'...,
    II. Cn tu.<I>H~. TellC. 1'",=01 V N 'm' : 1 kp{dm' = I plem' = II 806, 65 N/ru'.
    12. Hlnoll , npHTHcaK 0', r, ·p N 'm'; 6ap (bar) : 1 bar = H),' N/n,'; kp/m';
    TrXM II""" .. "oc<I>"p. (al) ; 1I0p ....... (<I>H3H"'0:) aT-
    "oc<l>epa (' aim); ... JlH .. eT.p <Tvn'll lIC .ne (mm Hg)
    1 .'m = l,n:\3 227 al = 1.013 250 bar = 101 325,U
    N/m' = 760 mm Hg.
    ." ,
    13. Pa4, elll'pn'j;o A, 1:. VY~ (i'l,I_). I J = I Nm; 1 kpm = 9,81l6 65 J ;
    .." 'C, I Wh = :. 600 J .
    H . CHa... f' BaT (w.II), I W = 1 J 's ; "Olbe.s (.1 ... , I KS =
    = 75 kpoo 's < 7;15,5 W.

    Q 6pUOB8tt.e "" 0 *."111 K AtJlOHI "(.'I,II II X jt:Jl HHHUI BPWH t't: l103.81Ialbt"M "pe a -
    M("TKI Hc' np eA je llt lllllte :

    repa (Tl 10 ": I<H.O (k) Ill-' 4tllll (0) 10-' ; MHKpU (1\) 10 e
    rH". (U) 1011 ; 'CKT O (il) to': Ut' IiTH (to) I U-"t; lIaHO (n) 10-'
    Nl',,> (M) 10' : lleK" (d.) 10 : MHJlII (m) 10-:1; nllKO (p) 10-".
    ..
    I. TABJII1UA
    0) e6PAC~H

    3Ka'lelbC o6pacua 06pa3aa

    1. JlHHeapHo CTalbe Haopeaalba

    I HanoH. 3a npoH3Bo.'bHY
    paBaH (ca HopManoM n)
    . -f
    Pn
    -+ ...
    =a. n + TnT T + T.N N
    ....

    61 F F o.
    2 llHnaraunja e=-=-=-=-
    , I EA 91 E
    3 Hcre3Ha KPYTOCT 9l=EA dim91=dimF; INr
    4 flOnpeQH3 .llHJlaT3UHja
    5 Poisson~oB ' KoecjJHUH-
    je"T
    6 Koecj>HUHjeHT enaCTH'I- m<> 1/11; a .. liE
    HOCTH . .
    7 KOHTpaKUKja npeceKa ~/... A.-A', .100'/.
    A. ,
    8 AI", FIIEA = FI
    9 Hooke'oB saKOH ,a=Ee
    10 HanoH 3a ynpaBHH a~=a,-FIA
    npeceK
    II CTeneH cHrypHocTH¥ v =aM/a.
    12 flpnpawTaj 3anpeMlfHe 6 V = V' - V "" (1-2 Il) I: V
    WTana
    ..
    13 TBp.lloha n6 BrineU'y IJa - 2 Flrr. D (0 - VO-::::-·-d'-:::)
    (Fz3kN: 0 -10 mm; d npe.. I.K· OC:II01e
    ccj>epHor oTce'!K.)

    • v= 4 31 "RPRO onTepehe.e (\).


    2

    14 HanOHH 3a KOCH npeceK


    TOTanHH p. = FIA' = (FIA) cOS'll = a. cos 'P
    HopMallllH an='/.a. (I:+-cos2rp)
    TaHreHUHjallHH ". '" 'I. o. sin 2 'I'
    0nmox::::Oz 3a ,=0°;
    "..... ='/,a. 3a '1'= ±4So
    je.a.Ha'!HHa Mohr'oBor (0. - 'I. a. )' +fo' ''' ('I. d. )'
    Kpyra

    15 ~'h.a.ylKelbe no.a. YTH-


    uajeM conCTBeHe Te- O=y", AI
    lKHHe
    npIt3MaTH'IHH WTan -
    .. .. .~.

    HanOH
    a.= y .. (I-Z);\~I~~.=.Y .. 1/'~ z"O;
    Adz- edz = (fJ,/f) dz; AI <=: QI/2fA . 01/291.
    KPYlKHO KOHH'!HH WTan
    HanoH a,='/. y,. (I-z); a, .... = 'I. y .. l
    A/-Ym l'/6E .. 01/2EA, ; A . ~A sa Z DO,
    - .. ' .-.. .
    16 YTHUaj ueHTpHlflyrall o

    He CKlle Ha HanOHe
    rYCTHHa MaTepHjalla p= ),,,,/g
    HopMallHH HanoH .
    yraoHa 6p3HHa o6p-
    Taiba .

    6poj o6pTaja y MH-


    "YTY n ="
    30l/2.ae....
    V pit [o/miD)
    ", .

    17 YTHUaj TeMnepaTYP-
    CKe npOMtHe Ha Ha-
    nOHe
    Ji,HlIaTllUHja
    HanoK' (KoHiaKTHH)
    TepMH'!KH Koe-
    (j)HUHjeHT wHpe- a (Ta6l1Hua II)
    Iba
    3

    r
    OJ

    ~\ I
    A.-.-----,.-
    )------- -
    , --;;-r " - - ,'.
    -r"+--<' : ,' ,
    I
    ~-J-.-
    I
    --r-;o'
    r I
    r----- . (1 •
    -iF -:,~~>- --~"':--'-
    t r .~ r
    '~ '

    , .. -- -- ... '
    In I
    f-,--- l !-6l-j
    ,
    ,, II
    ~------ ---
    /
    Alrcwar.llo IIlJiiproolJl' /(Ol'lOO;JQuii}I1/lJJU UOJoIJU

    Oy toy _(J{!Sln'l'

    lJoOproo"e Ij gbo f;oriJuo l/uctJ.·o CY L lIen,'.

    zj t~
    ( •
    ,[x, /:
    ~

    ~
    :-- [r.. :
    • ", r
    --~/ I ...
    : 1"~

    ,-~--
    .r
    /
    "
    ",,""'--- . v

    1I00p(JJ:Jne V iUpu 0.0001/0

    /"_-1- _ _ _ 1

    " r
    I , I
    l.t,
    ,

    !/fJUJOIDIJ (fEo{JJtJJO)
    4

    2. Hanpeaalba Y Asa npaB~a (PasHO CTaibe Haopeaalba)

    18 KOMnoHeHTHe AHJlaTa -
    UHj e

    19 HopManHH HanOHH

    20 KOMnoHeHTHH HanOHH

    HOPM3J1HH .a. = 'I. (a. + a,) +'/. (a. - CI.) cos 2 '9
    T3HreHUHjaJlHH ~"= '/.(a.-a,) sin 21'
    r n3BHH Ka nOHK O",.mo%::; (1", - 01 3a CPm =0°
    a"mi,,=Oy=a. 33 'Pm;:!/:"
    ...... = ±'/.(a.-a,,) 3a 'Pm'" ±'/.n
    JeA~a'lHHa Mohr'oBor [a. - 'I, (a. + a,)J' +,", - [' I,(a. - a,)]'
    Kpyra
    x' y'
    -+
    EJiHnca K3nOHa
    " .. " .
    02
    . -= 1
    cst
    "
    21 H3npe331be TdHKKX
    CYAOB3

    OCI' lIHa jeAHa- ,


    qV Ja t a,.IR ..~'" (a,IRe) = (r/")
    C!pepHH CYA 0' = pR12.B; 0'111 :2 CJ c :- a

    a, = pRI", am =a. = p1?/2"

    KOHHtlHH c Y Jt p=(H":" ~}r.; a, .... - (r .H'lga}/4ocosIX


    am~.' ';'-(3 y. H'Ig a)/1 fj 6 cos a · · .;,

    3. CMKu.albe

    22

    E E
    23 HopMaJl'HH HanOH~ 0.1[ =0 = E" 0, - - 0= - -- e
    1+f1 1+1\ '
    24 KOMnoHeHTHH HanOHK
    Y KoeOM npeceKY

    HopManHK a,,~a cos 2 'l'


    TaHrCHUKjanHH t.= a sin 2"
    cKCTpeMIjH 0'''''''.' -=!: 3,n q> - 0- ~ a,.."", ~ - c 3.1 -9\ '
    t._.= ±a 31 ,. - :1:45'

    25 Knl\3albC y - 2a• ~2 ~
    £ f- 0
    f
    --- a:
    0
    F f

    26 CMKWljHa KPYTOCT (!cOA

    27

    28
    MOIJ.'j1l KIIK3a_ (CMH-
    ua]"H 1I0lJ.ynl
    .lJ.HMeH3HOHHC3lhe
    G-
    £
    2(1+1')
    f-F/A<t,•
    -- £
    2,6

    29 3aKHBUH

    IJ.HMeH3HOHHcalhe f ~ FINA-lJ, <: fd.... '1. a"


    aKcHjallHa CHna F~ 1,57, a",-2.SNd&J"
    Moh Howelb. F AI" F=0.785 d&J,

    IKTIIBUI DOSP- A.-(b-dJ &


    WHKa IIHMB

    1J.0380lb4!HK Ha-
    nOK

    cneUlicliH.jHH OT-
    nop Tpelhl CI" -FIA <'cr..,

    4. Haape3albe y Tpll np.a~. (OpoCTOPHO CTalb1! Mupeaa ....)

    30 3aTeJalb4! y TpH
    npaaua
    1
    IJ.M1IlITaUHje ~.- £ (Or-I'(G,+",l).

    !, - E1 (<1,-1' (": "<I.)}.


    1
    ~,- E I", -1' ('. + ",)1.
    6

    £
    HopManHH HanOHH a. =- ( I - fl) e. + fl (~y +e.)J,
    A

    ay = ~ ((I-fl) Ey+fl(e, +e. l] ,

    a,e ~ [(I-fl) e,+fl (e.+ey)]

    A=(1 +fl) (1-2)1)=£flj).

    Ky6Ha JlHllaTSUHja
    ) - 2fl
    31 &v=AV/V - e.+&y+e,_ E «(1.+'1,+:1,)

    32 XHJlpOCTaTHQKH npH-
    THcaK

    33 MOJlYIl KOMnpeclljc :1 (I + fl) G


    3(1-2\1}
    34 i1HsapHjaHTe
    HanOIHI

    JlHII3Tau.Hja S l(d = e.r


    •
    T Ey
    +6, = £ V
    20p.
    35 Lame'ose KOHCTaHTe
    1-2fl
    36 Hooke'os JaKOH . a. =1.Sf+20e.. T%~Oy..
    Yx"'y,i', tz=>r,,;
    ...
    Ty - Gyy ,
    ' .' .
    . r~-Y''''t "",=1':%;

    a, =1.S!+2Ge•• 't.+Gy..
    Y,=rx::1' t',-'fay;
    -+ -+ ..... -+ -+... ~
    37 HanoH 32 npOH380Jb ' P.-P. a+pyll+p, y-p •• i+ p.yj +Pn. k
    Hy paBaH (ea HOp-
    ... ..... .....
    n=ai+~j+yk;
    -+ -~

    a-eosa; ~=COSIl;
    MallO", n)
    y =COS y; a 1+ fll + y' - 1

    38 HanOHH 3a KOOPJJ:H-
    ~ ...
    p.- a. i + 't.y j +'t.. k
    . .....

    HaTHe pasHH -+ -+-+ ...


    py = Ty. i+a y j +Ty,\(
    ... ..... .....
    P. = T,.i+T l1 j +'1 , k
    '.
    1

    -+ ..
    39 CauchYdeBe je.llHaqHHe pnx - (Poi) =a ax+ ~ c, +) "
    .....
    P., = (P. j) = ex r, + J3 a, + r '•
    ....
    Pn.= (Pn k) = a c,+J3 r.+ r a,
    40 KOHjyroBaHH Han01l1! f., =r,. = r,

    "
    41 KOMnoHellTHII HanOHH
    3a npoH3BolbHY pa·
    Ball
    HODMallHH 0" =a,u"+a,~' + a, yS +
    +2 (rx J3y + 0, ra +1', a~)
    TaHreHUHjallHH 't,,= Ypn"l.-a"J
    42 Lame'oB eIlHnCOHJI. 0, x·+ayy'+a.z'+
    lIanOHa
    +2 (t'x, xy+r.. y.:+ 'tx lX) = I
    43 rllaBHI! HanOHH O'lla~.aa; 'tu=rl!l='ru=O
    44 r lIaBHI! eIlHnCOHJI.
    HaD OK a . • 0
    r
    -+
    1
    -+-=1
    , . .
    q'
    aJ. CJa
    ~.

    t';I oy-a '(.II:

    t', t'z- fI, - a


    46 CK.allapH Jl.eTep.... n.S· $, = ax+cJ,+cJ. = a, +0, +a.
    re Cl1creMa
    s.= fSy t'x
    t'x 0'.
    +
    .
    a ... 'ry

    't, ti,
    I
    + ax r·1 =
    -t"", 0, t

    cJ. f, t'y =a, o. +cJ, a. +a. 0.,


    S ... e, a, ex = 0,0'2 al .
    ry r. 0,
    4.7 rllaBHH npaaUH . 0 1')
    13(6) r lS ) a'+llt + y ... I
    --=--=--
    K(S)
    Krtl K(s)
    31 l~ s = 1,2, 3
    48 KO!jlaxTOPH ceKY nap.
    He Jl.eTepMHHaHTe 'K/<)
    31 '"
    r,
    Oy-O,
    0,
    r.
    KW=-
    tile-a,
    r,
    t',\-,
    .
    e•.
    K<;} = Io. -
    . r.
    0, T,
    0',-0',
    49 HajsckH TaHrCHUl1jan- ", = ±'/, (a,-a,)
    HH Han OH.H
    r,, _= ±'/,(a,-a,)
    rill = ± II. (a, - a.)

    5_ YBHjalhe
    50 O.D.HOCH HanOHa H .D.C- ~ , y ,
    -=--=-~-
    cj>opMaUHja
    ('. 't"'t..II' Y. R
    51 HajsehH TaHreHUHjan-
    HH H3nOH 'mc. =W,RIJo
    3a XpylKHH npe-
    CCH

    3a KpylKHo-np-
    CTCHaCTf! npeceH f .. c.=2 W,IR" n (I-t'); t-rlR
    52 Yrao YSHjalba

    y pa.D.HjaHHMa 9=y, I/R= I r",cxlR G -Wi I/Glo =: W, If!


    y CTClleHIIMa ec _ a-( 180'/" ) ~ 57,3 f)
    53 T-op3HcKa HPYTOCT s: ~ G 10; 10 -.'1. R' ,,;. 10,_ '/, «'
    ':"
    ",(I.- t')
    54 CHara 3f n 'JR'Q)
    p ;.. W',w =W, 30 ' p. w = 102'
    . i

    <m, ' 9~ 60P (tW) ' ,


    .", .
    • n (kNcm,

    (BH/leTH Ta6J111ny IV)

    56 Top3HcKe onpyre

    KpYlKHa 3asojHa f
    F W"
    = --+ -- '.lll"-
    ", -
    X
    onpyra m' A' 10 10

    16 FR
    MaHCHMaJlHH Ha-
    riOH 'em •• -
    ._ d'it .' . .. :; ', ' ;" ~ '-. , .'... ':

    H3.1lYlKCfuC t=64NFR'=CF
    (yrn6) G d'
    HPYTOCT onpyre e ..,; FI .~ Gt d'/64 R' N
    6poj 3KTHBHHX Od' Od' ! Od!
    3asojaKa N ---= -
    64 cR' 64 F R' 4 R' IttJ I
    KOHHQH3 3asojHa
    onpyra k = (R, - R,)/2 N"

    H3JlYlKe!be I ~-FNr:
    -( R ,'+R,)
    ' (R,+R,)
    (yr/l6) 20/.
    Od'
    KPYTOCT onpyre c- .16N(R,'+R,')
    ----------- (R, +R,)
    <,
    6poj aKTHBHHX Od' !
    N - ------~~-----
    3aBojaKa 16F(R,I+R,I) (R,+R.)

    6. CBanj_Hot
    57 1 M
    KpHBHHa -=---
    p £1.
    y'" , CIt ~

    ~ M e• , •
    58 HOpMaJlHH HanOH u, - -- y-d,
    /.
    59 HajsehH HOPM3J1HH
    HanOH (HSHqHH)

    60 OTnopHH MOMeHT
    nOnpe'lHOr npeceKa
    w.-~
    Ymu
    61 HJleaJlHH ornopHII
    MOMeHT W, = 'I.' h· A, (A, nOBpwRHa nojle.)
    .'
    62 CTeneH HCKopHwhe- w, W.
    !ha npoljJHJla '1="" - '/IAh

    31: Kpyr 251 /., npaBoyrloHHK 33'1•. TI""Y


    U~8 500/,. TaHK" K8aApaTHH OKBHP 67'1,_
    I OA 61 AO 65'1.
    npocj>RJlH C OJ!; 59 JlO 61'/,

    .r OJ!; 57 J!;O 60'1.


    63 JlII"aHH HOCaq Il "" 63'1,
    w. = 'I, '1 Ah "" 0,315 Ah.
    I;"" 'l"h' [A.+6(1-2u)A,I. u - ~/h
    W, "" 'I. h lA, + 6 (1-2 u) A,I.
    10

    ,-" .n
    \ .,_,s..
    : n.')
    oc.., b)
    '--' :n
    """
    ~ ··· !
    ·
    .
    ~
    gr-
    ~: ·· •·· . ; ~.. n

    £kCfIPUIlJpuwg Op;i1JuWi. JroI/XJ


    fipecPko
    ",
    C) "" "

    •
    I

    ,I
    •
    II

    I ls ='/.Ah'(~+O)' a=A,fA
    I, = _.-
    Ah'
    4
    a+~(l + 0)
    1+0
    .

    W _ ~_ o+~(I+ol
    ,- 2 1+20
    64 PeAYKosaHa nospwH' A". = 1,I(S:/~) mo'
    Ha npeeeKa KUaJl,par "I, A;
    <, npaaoyraoKHK 'I, A ;
    Kpyr 'I.A;
    JlHMaUH HOCaq A,"4 = ko A,;
    k.~2 (1 +60)13 (1 +4 0) =0,8 -+- 0,9 <I
    0 == A.IA, (OAlloe noupWHlle nojaea npewa
    nOBpWHRIf pe6pa)
    65 HanoHH Y KOCOM npe-
    eeKY
    HopMallHII a., == 'I, a, (1 +e05 2,)-fsin 2 'I'
    TaHreKllHjallHH
    66 r lIaBHRHanOHIi H tg2a - -2 rIa,
    npaullH
    a"I~f/2 a,±'/, '/a,'+4 .. ; f,:=O
    G7 HajuehH Taureul.\HjaJI-
    UH HanOHH H !bKXOBH Ig2~~a,f2f= -1/tg2a
    npaBllR f •. IT- ± 'I, (a, -a,)
    68 Mohr'os Kpyr Hanoaa (a.- '/, a,)'+,." _ 'I. (a.'+4 t!)
    M, .... AI (zl
    69
    a,•• ,= w. '" w (z)
    W(z)" W. M(l)s/(l}.
    M,.d

    7. Koeo ea.BJa ..e


    70 KOWQOKeHTHH
    1I0lleHTH

    71 HOPWi llUH HanOIl


    12

    72 JeJlH34HHa HeYTpanHe
    oce 00, = 0 ; y= - G:ctg'9 )x=(tgt)X;
    '2
    tgt - - 7'. ct gtp
    , y
    73 HajBehH HopManHH
    'lIt. 'lIt
    HanOH C l m a .. - - + -y
    W. W,

    8. EKc~eHTpH'fHH npHTHcaK

    74 HanaJlHa Ta4Ka aKCH-


    F; N, (xo; Yo)
    janHe npHTHCHe CHne
    75 HopManHH lIanOH Y
    F 'lIt. em,
    OJ c:a - - - - y - - x =
    TaqKH N (x; y) A I. I,
    = _ F[I +
    A
    &y+
    JI X
    ~x
    if,
    ]
    76 JeJlHa411Ha HeYTpallHe
    oce ~x+YOy+I=O
    77 OTCe'fUH HeYTpanHe
    oce lIa rnaBHHM ueH-
    pallHHM DcaMa
    "'
    I Y

    a.;;; - - ,
    ...
    I~ ..

    i:
    Xo
    , , ,
    bo- - -
    .
    '0

    Yo
    HHepuHje
    '0
    78 KOOpJlHHaTe Ta4aKa I Y
    Xj 0:= - - , •
    KDHType je3rpa 00
    79 HBHqHH HanOHH
    KO.ll Kocor ca·
    BHjalba
    KOJl eKcue,.HTpHq- am •• = - F (k +r.)/Ak
    Hor npHTHcKa
    06r.HllH je3rpa - ra61lHua V

    9. EnaCTH'fHe nHHHJe
    80 ,UHcjlepeHUHjaJlB3 jeJl- H = y" ~ Y' = M, -fez)
    HaqHHa J (I + 1'2) 'I, Elx
    npocTa rpeJla y"- -M/'J3; M-M(~J +,-.j. (/)
    KOH3DIl a y"- - M/'J3; M -Mr.) + ~ (d)
    ,
    CaSO)Ha KPYTOCT " _,
    '}3-E/.
    .. ', '''.
    81 HHcjlnyeHTHe ¢yHK-

    UHje;;u~~:~TY rpeJlj

    uH¢nyeHmHe ¢Y"/{IJuie
    '9 (z. 0) +1 X(z, 0);
    '9 -
    '9' (z. 0) +!x' (z. a);
    ~ f~ ~ [ 1- (+ r-cr]
    13

    Ijr{:, a)+lx(z, aJ; x--6) (z-a)'


    1

    1jr'(z,al+Ix'{z, aJ; Ijr = -)


    6
    (-=-)'
    1
    [3~1 --=-I
    82 rpaljJoaHaJlHTHQKa
    MeTOJl:a I

    IjJHKTHBHO
    peheH>e
    OnT~­ ff. c f
    o
    M dz; ±'ayu ~~

    (: narHO
    ynl6
    83 rpaljJHqKa HeTOAR
    Koecjllll(KjeKT
    pa3Mepe

    If,-Iem]; 'a':' [kNm']

    yrH6 f - u, Y; (em); y,=[cm]


    84 YrII6 npH KOCOM ca- f-vt.'+f/
    BHja.1bY
    •
    85 PeJl:YKl(Hja AujarpaMa ' y,"= M,f.8,; y," c M.ro,··
    HanaAHor HOHeRTa y,"- y." - y"-M*fJj,; AJ> = M/,III -1tN
    /" = M·f8,-
    EnaCTUQHe IIHHHje - Ta6.tHIta VI

    10. HaBRJaa.e

    Ta6£Hl\8 IX

    86 Oine.poBa KPIITUQH3 y"- -Fy/EI.= -k' y, k"",F/c/.


    eUJla
    F.-II' EI ..;.. /I;
    87 PeAYKoBaHa AYlKHHa t, '" t; 2 t; 0,51 H ... 0,7 t
    ~8 BUTKoeT
    . wT3na
    . .' : At -= I,/illtill

    11. Cno)l(eH8 Hanpesalba


    XunOTest - Ta6J1Hll.a I b
    b) XHnOTEaE 0 'fBPCTOnH·

    p., XHllorr:3A Ii 3 R 0 C a, H M, a a
    6~ . n.npt3R~ y ••• "paDaa QHtTO C1IIRua ..e I clBHjlH.e + Y"H'III.eU"

    Jisl.rher nopu •.'1'lor


    1
    "lneH.l

    1011llel, La ... "


    I
    - (d
    2 =".,a+4t
    _ _ ";;'"
    >a.
    Z
    ) •
    c
    ± • '" "d.
    ;;. a., M,='I, [M,+ VM/ + M,'!
    Navlor Rankine)
    .
    2
    Ht1Bcher TJllreui"fJanRor
    IIlnOHI
    (Coulomb, QUelt.
    Mobr)
    ± Vd'+ 4 t 'i" ad.
    ;;;. "'c
    ± 2. < a••
    ;;;;. "d, M,-v M/ + M,'

    3
    HII.e~e ,ccllopNluMle
    (Marlolle. S, Veunt,
    ! [(I-I1)d ±(1 +11)Yd'+ 4t'); ::: ±(I+I1)t ...
    M,-O,35M,+
    ar..hoH. Bub) -I,3t~ a•• +0.65 YMl + M,'
    [0,35<1200,65 V. ...Ht'] ~ a., adc
    adc
    Hila. her u4lop".IlMOHOr
    4
    pI~1 npoMeBe 06nHKI

    (ilabet; He".ky;
    ±'{a·+3t'<a••
    c ;;;;oa. ::rtVa< "••
    ;;;. "dc
    M,=y Ml + 'I,M,..
    /Il1.e•• 'Schlelcl1er)

    l-k l+k .
    fAltTMQHOr rpa ••• 8or -2-a+"'2 va'+4~ ";;a.,

    --
    5 CT...,
    (Mobt) k a',.
    ad<
    • Y,-,.6CHHIC,.n. IS. CTp. 320
    •• 3 • • PJ"'IfR R ICpJlIOIonPtTtllltni nODpe'tfll npte:eK
    --
    12. MeTOA~ AetllopM.~RoHor pa,ll,a
    .... ... 1
    89 ,UecpopMaUIIOtrH pap. A rl - 7:
    J (F d s) = F ' ;'.1
    90 CneUHcpHQHH p.ecpopM,
    pap' A'd - A.I V -'/2 Cle
    91 ,Uecp, p8JI. 8KcHjaJlHor
    Hanpesalbl
    cn,~UHcpHqHH P~A
    1 "I £el
    A'd, = -Cle .. - --
    2 2£ 2

    TOTBJlHH pap. A d.- _1_


    2£
    JOld V
    pap' npH H3p.YlKelb Y v
    npH3MaTH'IHOr
    WTana
    1 PI PI
    CHJlOM F A d, - - F M=~...c... = -
    2 2£A 2'l1

    conC'I'lIeaoll Te· 0'/


    lKHHOM
    Ad --'--
    • 6EA
    , 1 1 Or'
    ~I
    92 ,Uecp, paA npH CIIII·
    ualbY
    A d·--~r-
    2
    ----
    20 2
    93 ,Uecjl, paA npH YBH'
    1 9J!,·1 O/c/J"
    Ad! - -!ll,9- - ; 010-1:
    , jalby 2 20/0 21
    94 ,U~cjl, PBA npH ' C8BH'
    jatt.'y I

    YCJIeA 1I0MeHT3 AI:;' - -1


    2£
    JM'
    - dz; M=M(:); I.-V(z)
    I.
    a
    I
    YCJleA TpaBcBep·
    wac C"Jle
    A(Frl=
    41 20/,"
    1 JJ(S.')dA
    E
    .JF}dZ-
    A •

    --
    2\t
    ," ,J.p' ,dz

    CKHll3jHH Koe·
    cjlH~aT ,,- I~. JJ(~'r dA
    A

    33 npaBoyraoHHK "' - '/, - 1,2


    sa Kpyr ... -";.-1.1
    16

    95 .ue¢, pall. nplt pa8'


    H OM HJnp e33lbY
    (HCTe3~fbe Y JlBa
    npaSlla)
    A'. = _1_ (",'-2 I'0.a,+a;) - /(o" a,)
    2£

    A'. = E (e.'+2)1e,€y+e? ) - 'P(£.,':y)


    2(1 - ...")
    96 .ue¢l, paJl npH npo- A'. = '/, (0. e.+ 0, e,,+ a. e,l
    CTOPHOM CTafbY Ha- 1 '
    npe3afba (HCTe3afbe A'd = - [0;+0/+","_2 )1(",",+0, 0.+
    Y rpH -npaSlla) 2£
    +". a,)] = / (",,0,. cr,)
    A'. = 2(1+)1)£ (1-2)1) [(1 - \1) (6; +e.'+
    +', ') + 2)1 (e,'y + £y e, +.:, e,)] ='I'(e, .ey• el)
    A'd = 1/! (aZ£)f +'J'y £),+0'2 £,+
    +<, Y,+r,y,+f, Y.)
    A'd= .!..[a,.+0!+cr.. :....:2)1 (aya, + o,o,-t
    2£
    1 ....
    +.0, Oy)] + - -. «/+ <!+ r,' j = / (0, r)
    20 .! " ': ,'
    A'd=O[e.'+el+e.'+ )1 £'} +
    1-2)1 ,
    + -21 0 (y .'+ Y7'+ y,') - , .(e;x)
    .
    PaJl yrpoweH Ha np.o-
    weuy 3311peMHHe II '
    Ha npOMeHY 06J\1tK3
    ~arerHyror napaJle-
    nenHneJla _.
    . 'cOeJllbH KanOH

    paJl YTpoweH Ha npo - A'~") = I - Z)l (", + a. ~ a. )"


    MeKY 3anpeMHHe 6£
    paJl YTPOWCH Ha ,npo-
    MeHY 06J1HKU
    A,~ol = t + j1 [(a, _0.)' +(cr, -0,1"+(0, -0,)' )
    6£ .:. _ .
    . ~ \
    , :. _. -, I
    'Ii ~j~!~:" $'-: " •
    97 Clapeyron OBa A';'A.='/.F/; (JlH]arpaM pIJla Ie
    reopeMa Tpoyrao)
    •
    paJl KOKlleKTpHcaKHX A= "2,'/, I'd{,
    CHna 0=1
    17

    n
    P~ ,1 cnprroB3 A = L '/. 'lIl,'I',
    i= 1
    n
    paA reHepanHe3HHx
    CHila
    A = L '/,0, QI
    ;:::;;: J

    reHepanHcaHa CHna O,=F.


    reHepaMlcaHa AeljJop· QI=/, q,='I' (1I1lH 6)
    MaUHja I I

    p~ KOKTHKyanHor
    onrepellelba
    A,,- 'I.IB J (Y")'dZ-'/.J q(z)·ydz-A;
    o 0 '1_ f(z)
    98 Betti'jeBa reopeNa A'I-A,,+A .. +A II - A.. + All +A.,
    o Y3ajalolHocrH
    pall:osa 'I. F, '" + 'I. F./II +F, 'It +'/,F.I,,+F.'I.,
    -
    'f. F. ,.. +

    99 MaxweH:oB 3aKOH 0
    AI l - All, F, ". - F.,.,
    Y3ajalolHocTH ella- F.".cF,'a.,.F.cF.,.,=F.'ISa,F,
    CTHqHHX nOMepa~a
    YTHuajHH KoeljJHuH- all =au; a,. = at,
    jeHTH
    yKynHo nOllepalbe
    HanaAHe TaqKe N,
    CHile F,
    Beaa H3l1e~y eHna H
    nOMepa~a

    .n.yanHH KoeljJHQHjeKTH

    ' ll:e!jJopIolBQHOHH paA


    100 Castigliano'oBH
    o6paeUH
    pall: reHepanHcaHHx
    CHna
    reHepailHcaHa CHna

    reHepSilHC3HB ll:eljJop-
    MaUHja .
    cneUII<j>H'IHH Il:e<j>. pall:

    nunOKH
    18

    enen. Ae<l>opltanHje
    &-
    d A'd (a) .
    (AHJlaT8UHje H KJlH' d.a'
    S81ba)
    101 npHBUHn BajMalber
    Aecjl. p8Aa •
    Xc F.;F A , FB • 91IA"; A."' f (Fh 911/; F.;!IJI.)

    TeopeW8 ~enabre8 dA. = dAd =0' dA d • O


    () X d F. • (}!IJI.
    ItOA H3BHj8lb1
    I I

    enOib8WlbH pu. A =F.r (ds-dz) <:s'/IF J (y)ldz


    o 0
    I

    A. ~ 'II J!B (yU)1 dz


    o
    YCJlOB eKcTpeJtYlia ArA=~incO
    I
    , !B ()lU)" dz
    KPHTHQH8 CHJla Fk = ; !B=!B(z)
    I
    J ()I')I dz
    o
    , .'
    "
    13. CaSRJalbe KPHBHX' WTanOBa

    e = (y A d 'P) / [ (R. +)I) d 'P1


    103 HopllanHH HanOH

    104
    '"

    eKCTpeliBe BpellBOCTH 0._- -'mu/S. R.; tS,·... = 'ms/S. R,;


    S.=Ae

    A'I= r'Mt
    • ds +J F.lds '+JMIF. ds+
    • •
    necjlopll8UHOHH pall
    • 2 ES. R, 2EA EAR,
    o 0 0
    •
    + 20A
    " f F' 1· ds
    ., ,
    , o •
    A _fM('dS .:...F::-.'.:...ds_ R, " "R.
    41- 2!B + . - 2m 3a
    o
    r
    o
    R,=R.+e
    19

    c) O,lJ.HOCH Ll,OJIOBHHX H METAPCKHX MEPA


    I) Mepe 8a AY)I(HHY:
    1"= 1 In (Inch) = 2.54 cm, 1 m = 39,37 In
    1 It (foof) == 30,48 em, I m = 3,28084 It
    I yd. (yard) = 91,44 em, 1 m - 1.09361 yd.

    2. npeTBapalbe ~OIlB y aallBaeTpe

    u.on H
    I mm
    I uonH
    I mm UQJtM
    I mm
    I uonH
    I mm

    'I ...
    l/u
    ". 0,397
    0,794
    !fIN
    18
    6,747
    7,144
    ../"
    "r"
    13.097
    13,494
    "/
    "f..
    .. 19,447
    19,844

    Il,...
    /"
    1,191 7,54 1 13,891 20,241
    3/"
    4,,, " 1.. "'" "/J4
    Ill1",..
    1,588 7,938 14,288 12 20,638
    '"/
    II" 1,984 8,334 "'"
    WI/.. 14,684 21,034
    ""
    7/"
    '/u
    2,38 1
    2,778
    3.175
    3,572
    %2,,,,
    tllN
    "I ..
    8,731
    9,128
    9, 52~
    9,922
    "/ ..
    Ut••

    ·"1"
    15,081
    15,478
    15,875
    16.272
    "/..
    "/
    "'"
    57,"
    . 21,431
    21,828
    22,225
    22.622
    2-'1,4 4t/"
    ""
    1°/,4 3.969 z'/" 10.319 4',,, 16.669 23,019
    4,366 10,716 17,066 "'" 23,416
    . ....
    41/....
    11 /14
    tl," 4,763
    21/."
    DIG. 11 ,113 4"/14 17,463 "'"
    "I.. 23,813
    Jl/ ~, 5,159
    . ,.,
    DIet 11,509 / 17,859 "I", 24,209
    u'"
    15/14
    I"et
    5,556
    5,953
    . 6,350
    ","
    n /u
    11,906
    12,303
    12,700
    "/
    47,"
    4',,,
    18,256
    18,653
    19,050
    ",'.'..'
    1
    24,606
    25.003
    2S, l oo

    3) Mepe Ba nOBpWBHY: ..
    I sq. In. (square Inch) =
    6,451 6 cro l , I em! = 0,1 55 sq. 10.
    1 sq. fl. (squar. toot) '" 929,0300 erne, I m' = 10,764 sq. II.
    1 sq . yd. (square yard) = 0,83613 m' , 1 mt = 1,196 . q. yd.

    4) Mepe 8a eanpe·. BHY:


    I cub. I... (cubic Inch) = 16,387 em'. I em' = 0,051024 cub. In.
    1 cub. II. (cubic (001) _ 0,028317 ' ,', 1 m' = 35,315 cub. f l.
    I cu~ . yd. (cubic yud) = 0,76455 m', 1 m' = 1,30175 cub. yd•

    .6) Mepe UB . Tc",aay· ( .. acyl:


    1 lb. (pound) = 0,45359 kg, 1 ki: '" 2,20462 lb.
    1 ton (2240 Ibs) = 1016,05 kg, 1 t = 0,9842 ton

    6) Mepe. aa onTepe"elLe:
    1 lb. per yd. (pound p" yard) = 0,49605 kg/m, 1 kg/m = 2,01593 lb. pcr yel.
    1 1~. per II. (pound per loot) - 1,48816 kg/ m, 1 kgJ m '" 0,61197 lb. per It.

    7) Mepe oa HanOHe :
    1 tun per sq. In = 157,488 kp/cm' I kp/ mm' = 0,63491 ton pe, sq. 10.
    I lb. per. sq. III _ O,Oi Q307 kpfcm' .I kp/cm' = 14 ,2233 lb. per sq. In.
    1 lb. per sq. It. =4,6825 kp/m', 1 kp/ m' , = 0,2048 lb. 'per sq. II.
    2' 1 kp = 11,806 55 N;
    II. TABJH1UA
    I{AP A I{TEPHCn11{E MATEPHJAnA

    ..
    ~
    E G Ym d d. <1 "d, d .. "dl "d/ a · l()-4
    Man:pHju "=
    ~

    0 NIemi .101 'C


    N/em' 'kN /m' kN/cm'

    TOnJbeR .e·
    IIKK, VCI(
    t 21 . 10' 3. 1 . 10' 77 9 +12 .
    ~2 ~ 6
    9.6
    .
    9
    ~
    9 +
    12 12.5

    TOn./btR
    '{CJlHK
    C 22 . 10' 8.3 . !O' 17 12 +18 1O-t- 9
    16 14
    ... 12
    18
    ... 11

    Ton .... e.
    "Ie-,," I C 22 . 10' 8.3 . 10' 17 11,2
    _.AeH

    '"ie""K sa
    onpyre t 22 . lOt 8.3· 10' 17
    ...40
    60
    ~O
    70
    .... 11 .3

    YCIIHK CI
    HH-enO.,
    tNI 21. 10' 77 12 ... 18 9
    15
    ... ... 9
    15
    12
    18
    + 11.6

    n.. BCHO rlO- LO


    )I(~'
    (7.5+10).10' (2.9+4) HI' 72
    I + 6 2 + 2 + 2
    3.5 9 + 3,5 5 6
    .... ...
    S.up
    (I ...,•• ) ell 1.15 . 10' 88
    4
    5
    ... 41 + ..
    ..2
    ...+ 17

    A·YWH.'JyW AL 6,75 . JO' I ...


    "; -, " . :..; .... , ...
    1 ...
    ••
    ~. -

    IIKIC"M
    25 .... 1,2 2 23,8
    .
    ......
    MCCH"r ~ 8 · lOo 84 4 +6 lI.s.... 3.5 ....) 4
    4,7 ".7 6
    ~

    " 19

    .... ..
    r' . ;0:' . .J,; : ! . _ .'!o ,j, - \ ~
    .!lPBO (0,9+ 1)·10' 7+9
    1
    1,8 ... 0,9 ;::. , , I ", .. 2-
    .
    .. 0,30+ ., . , .. ..,
    Kawey (I +3) ·10' 20+22 - 0.7
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    ,,"II ""

    • 8 HU tt: G., . III. 1-1 : CTp. 28 Cd = OJ.


    3S

    c) HOMOrPAM aA OIlPE'F"HBAtbE MOMEHTA HHEPU."'JE


    nPABOYfAOHHI{A·

    IJh ' n orapil UUt WHlIO JJJPU


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    , 10
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    A8 : A(;=3 : I .. noeyuawo aapueJllII
    0«: •• 1 M h.

    rv- , Kea WOIY .. .,o rapKTtWClCe IUI-


    HHue y"," ""o 10 em Kuo je l o~ 5= 0.699

    . TO Je npCIlCTlNoe.H ... qptc*y ca


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    .) H. A. r.llroJle:. - Kypc lIoworpl!f!HA. Moc.la , 19",J. OJ). 59.


    IV. TASflVll\A
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    I
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    .
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    [n ] = [obrtaja/min.]
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    I

    CTAHllAP.l1HH nPE4HHUH TPAHCMHCHOHHX BPATHIIA (0"01;

    25, 30, 36, 40, 45, SO, 56, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
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    220, 240, 26~, 280, 300
    315, 330, 355, 380, 400
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    ,
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    40

    V. T A 6J1 ~IUA
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    VI. TAEJlI1~A

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    '!l Y a ~.' [2- 6(;) + 3(; )']

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    4
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    205 ql'
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    57 ql'
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    52

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    0,10 10 33 58 83 108 133 158 183 208 233 253 283 308 333 358 383 408 433 458 483 0,10
    0,15 16 58 112 169 225 281 338 394 456 S06 562 619 615 131 788 '844 900 956 1010 1069 O,U
    0,20 23 83 169 287 357 461 5ti1 667 76~ 861 961 1001 \1671261 1361 1461 1561 1667 1161 1867 O~
    0,25 29 108 225 367 521 677 833 990 1146 1302 1458 1615 17111921 2080 2240 2400 2550 2110 2860 0,25
    0,30 35 133 281 467 617 900 1125 1350 1515 1800 2020 2250 24802100 2920 31SO 3380 3600 3820 4050 0,30
    0,3$ 42 1~8 338 587 833 1125 1429 1735 2040 23t10 2650 2960 32673570 5880 4190 4490 4800 5100 ~4J0 O,~
    0,40 48
    183 394 667 990 1350 1135 21113 2533 2933 3333 3733 41334533 4933 5333 5733 8133 6533 6933 0,40
    0,45 208
    54 456 767 1146 1575 2040 2533 3057 3540 ~ 050 4560 50605510 6080 6580 7090 7590 8100 86 10 0,45
    0,50 60
    233 S06 867 1302 1800 2350 2933 3540 41117 4790 54206O~0 6667 7290 7920 8540 9160 9190 10120 0,50
    0,55 67
    253 562 967 1458 2020 2650 3333 4050 4190 5'46 63007060 7810 8510 9330 10080 10840 \1600 12350 0,55
    0,80 73
    283 619 1061 1615 2250 2960 3733 4560 5420 6300 72008100 9000 9900 10800 11100 12600 13500 14400 0,60
    O,M 79
    308 675 \167 1171 2480 3267 413.3 5060 6040 7060 SIOODIM 10210 11267 12320 13380 14440 15490 16550 0,65
    0,70 85 333 731 1267 1927 27eO 3570 4533 5570 6667 7810 900010210 11433 12660 13880 15110 16333 17560 18180 0,70
    0,78 92 358 788 1367' 2080 2920 3980 4933 6060 ,7290 8570 9900 11267 1266(1 14060 15410 16880 IB280 19690 21100 0,75
    0,80 98 383 844 1467 2240 3156 4190 5333 6580 7920 '9330 10800 12320 13880 1:;410 17067 18661 20300 21 900 23500 0,80
    0.85 104 408 900 1567 2400 3380 4490 5933 7090 8540 10080 11700 13380 15110 16880 18667 20470 22300 24100 25900 0,8'
    0,90 110 433 958 1661 2550 3600 4800 6133 7590 "9160 1084~ 12600 14440 16333 18280 20300 22300 24300 26300 28400 0,90
    0,95 116' 458 1010 1167' 2110 3820 5100 ~ 8100' 9190 11600 13500 15490 11560 19690 21900 24100 26300 2M8O 30800 0,95
    1,110 123 483 1069 1867 2800 4050 5410 6933 86 10 1042t 12350 14400 16550 18780 21100 23500 2~9OO 28400 30800 83333 1,00

    • k 3111'111 U.6I1HqBY eptAlIOCT; UI npHwep.lJ U = V_ , . Je 1.:::33333, nl Je C(,,;:;kI/l0'==O.33333 k=kf3 ; yrH6 IOHlo"e .8 cnoOouo ..
    _paJ,. yCJIC.1 JUHRHIfBI: CHnc..
    ",
    VII. TABlll1UA
    CTATH~KH HEOAPEmEHE rPEAE-

    fL--t'--l

    1 y - ~: ~(~fI[3-(:)'j(I-~)-2(~n
    t~~~ ;+ ;.([ 3-(~n[2-3(~)]-4Cn
    y - ~ ;(;)'.(1-.~)[3+ - (2++)(I-fn

    Y'a< ;(~)'[~ -(2++)(I-frJ


    "...)-~. ;.cr· (-r-)'. (3+ 7)
    • Kap.ItTCpMC'TNUC: .(.... .. U _C yH'TC (7 no IQCO.IJT&OI .prq.aoc .... npc~ c. __
    •• ClNO . ¥uk •••. 'In. 10, up. W .
    74

    acO; p= -!:. . ! - (~)' . (!.-) -


    4- " 1 1

    no Cltbsch-y 6Hbe

    N=F.,z-fII" I-F(z-a)

    "y"=-F.,z+CJII" I +F(z-a)
    F zI +!IJl"z+C. I+ ~(z-a)'
    "y'- --1- F

    +'m"zI +e e •l + -F
    I "z'
    '"~ = -F- .z+ (z-a)'
    6 2 6

    z .. O; y-y'=O; C1 -C. ==:: O

    y'= ..FI'" {2'/


    a b(1 +,,-, 3-(b)'J(Z)'1 +2,
    b)Z b[ (z-a)Z} T ,

    1- PI' {3~~(I+!.-)'-')' -!.-[3~ (~)Z](!:)' +


    '
    12"
    .
    1 1 1 \..1
    . .- 1 I. 1

    ' ~------------------~
    ,
    ". 16II ·F . - F._!.P
    F '" set -
    16
    •

    10
    y'-~~[6(;)-11(;)"I+1s(; - ~)']
    1-~-;-!(;n9-11 ;)1+ ItiH- -··~ )' )
    ~I . -
    f,.-.•
    1 Fl'
    ', 768 ~
    ; f~ .. "" 0,009317 -FI'
    ~
    ; z. = 1- - 5 (V5) 1",,0,55281
    10
    , Fl'O / F I'
    a- ;
    Y(6::1/."- - . - ; fl=--' - '
    128 ~ 32 ~

    c
    A

    F• . / .
    !R.c-- 8 •

    9
    MCr='I. n= 128 F ,I

    2
    y'. F4~'lJ
    II.[ 6 (z)
    T -15 (TZ)1 +8 (TZ)']

    ya F I' [ 3
    4;!B T -5 (ZT )1 +2 (zT )']
    (Z)'
    t_ "" 0,00544 F •• -I' S3 z. "" 0,58 I.
    !B

    ~=-...!-.
    F ,"
    cx=O; 3_ Z "" 0,58 I.
    48 !B •

    s-o+'/.b_l _d
    e=o+h . FAc ~ [8- 12(+)' H(+)J_
    1-----1 -(~r(~)]
    20 'lJ d. Fs=qb-FA
    'i
    A( I - --f.- b 8 m = 8qbl
    A
    [
    -12 ( T
    s )' • )1
    H (T +
    L ----1".
    76

    ~y"= -M'(.) = - FA z+3II A I + q(Z;O)'I_ q(Z;e)'

    20 'By' = _ F"2
    Z
    ' + 311" Z 1+ q(Z~ 0)'1_ q (Z~e)'
    'By= _ FA Zl
    6
    + 3II A Zl
    2
    1+ </(Z-a)'I _ q(z-e)'
    ~4 24

    ,9 9 11 11
    = -q.l= -Fo; Fs .. -qo/=:.:..r.
    fA
    40 20 40 20

    3II A = - _7_ qo /' = - J.... F /' F = '!.!.!.:


    , 120 60 0 ' 0 2'

    M.... = q, /' (27 - 7 {5) ""


    120 V5
    "" 0,04229 qo /' < 3II A
    33 z,=O,5975/
    .q: q.~Z: /; qeqoz/I.
    q Z, q I'
    j,{eF"z- 9)l.. - - ' - = -'-I -7 +27 u -20 u']
    61 120 .
    3
    q /' z
    !By"= -'-[7-27u+20u']; u=-
    120 I

    /'
    !By'= ~ (14 u-27 u'+ IOu']
    _ .240

    . q I'
    !By = - ' - [7 u'-9 u'+2 u']
    ' 240

    q I' Z. = 0,598 /.
    ' ... 0< " " 0,003048 - ' - 33
    !B
    2 4 I I
    F A = - Q,I =-F., FB'-"-q,I=-F.;
    5 5 10 5

    Q,I' ,
    9Jl A = - - >M rrttn ,
    15

    3a

    z. = ( 1- v~) 1",,0;55281

    ~p
    , Y'-120'B u (2-u)(5u'-10u+4); y'=O ,33 u - O; '1I>=2; u-I-
    . vI
    5
    Q I' z
    y= • (l-u)[I-(I-u)']O' u= -
    120!B 'I

    fmrn. 2 q.I' ",,0,002385.9. 1'; a-O; ~= _ q.p


    3751'5 'a '93 12018 '

    F A - F'( ~r[st~ r( ~)]


    Fa- f..(~)'[3(~)+(;n
    4

    Dl" = - Fa. 'I (~)\ .I


    9Jl o =-tb\T; a)' AlP - aFI( 1-4,a)
    y' = ; ; ( ~ )' ( ~ ) [ 2 ; - (+ + 3 ; ) ~ ]
    y •• :~ (+)' (+)'( 3 ~ -( ~ + 3 ~) ;] ;
    78

    . a-IJ='/.I

    4a

    F /'
    1(:=1/ l) -
    •
    _0_·
    192 '!l'

    9ll,,- 9ll", .. _ F,I


    12·

    1',1
    M (~'.•••.. c::: -
    24

    1__ F • •!...
    384 ~

    a 1m 8 - y'(.='I.,,_ O.
    79

    s=a+'/,b, d=c+'/.b, \

    -(~r(;-;)]

    "',
    :.oY-- I' 2' + 'lIl AI
    A
    2
    I+ q(z-a)'
    6
    I- q(z -e)'
    6

    + q(Z-a)'I_ q(z-~)'
    I 24 24

    F.I F.!
    . !DIs = - - ;
    10 Mt.-• .utO -
    23,3
    6
    M(,,= :~I [-2+!( ~) -10 (;)']

    y
    ' a F,I'
    6O~
    r 4(+)-9(~r ~ ~(~n
    Y _ ~.L[
    6018 2(;)'--3(;)'+(;-)']
    t
    ... s
    F, I'
    382 ~ Ja "• ~ ( - -21 + V21)
    _
    20
    I "" 0.525 I.
    80

    S a+'I. b. d- c+ '/. b I
    'B

    !IIl A - -qObl[(b)'( a +28 -b) +270-


    -I -30+45( S.(d)']
    -I
    6a 540 1 1

    a<z « a+ b) y= 1
    120!B
    [qbO(Z- a)' - 20F AZ' +60 1 IJIl AI Z']'
    1
    (a+b) < z < 1 y- -- IF. {I-z)' - 31 IDI.1 (1- z)·].
    6~

    !B = Elx = canst. I
    93
    1M "I1t!-, ....-., ol-r ~{+I
    I.J. " ,. l t

    7·
    OBa je)lHaqHHa BalKH 3a npeTnOCTaSJbeHe (MepOBe MOMe·
    HaTa Kao Ha CKHUH. 3a )lpyre CM epose aHa Melba 3HaK Ha )le·
    CHOj CTpaHH . 03HaKe ( ) nOKa3yjy )la HarH6e II• •• (.lleCHe rpe)le
    Ha neROM ocnOHUx) H 13k (neBe rpe)le Ha )!.eCHOM OCIIOHUY) Tpe6a
    Y3eTII ca IbHXOSIIM CToapHHM npe)l3HaKOM 3a CBaKO noje.l\lIHaQHO
    onTepehelbe ycne.l\ KOHueHTpHcaHe CHne (Fl. KOHTKHyanHor
    onTepehelba (q) H cnpera (WI) H'Y3eB peaKTHB.HHX YOMey"ra Ha
    ocnOHUHMa (!Dl._., 'Dl.. !IIlk+ .)'

    • YU6U"K • .. n.. 10.5.1, Up.H. 251.


    /'
    I - 'J!:" 81

    AKO je KOHTHKYAnK" HOCaq ca n pacnoKA cAo6oAHO OCAOlOtH


    H3 no j OCJ! oHau tk =O.I,,,,, n)
    OUlla je n + 1 - ~ '~ n - 1 Dylilo
    Cill a CIi u"l l(u Heol1pe~ell . n.1
    CHcre' t r apH, lor; je.llH3 tHfH3 TpH "OMeK-
    T.1 I1Ma n - I j e.ll,HtlI.{HHY.
    Koj e <jJOp.~Hp3 MO Olt' "HlleKCJ k = 1 110
    k= n - L PeaKTHBHH M O)l:eHTH
    KpaJtbH' OCIIOH3U3 cy 'lli. = 0 If
    9Jl, = O.
    Y cnyqajy Ila cy l:pajeB" Koca4a Y/{Aewllle"u OIl)l3 je n+3-
    - 2 '= n + 1 Dyilla ciIlalilu'Hu "eoape~e", no CHCTeM HMa n _ 1 jeJ('
    HaQIiHY· . Y OAOlo\e cy cnyqajy:
    7
    ,npaa
    , je)lHa4"Ha 2 9Jl.I, + 91!,I, = 6 !B1~(tt,)l,
    nOCllelltba jeIlH.""H" 91!,_, 1,+ 2<m.I, - - 6 '51~ (~.)].
    rile cy MOMeHT" y~neWTetba npeTnOCTa8JbeHH Kao Hn rop'I>oj eIlMUH.
    Y enyqajy Ila je . AeBu (KIIK /lewu) Kpaj YKilewTeK OHIlI
    je KOCaq II DyQla cmalIlu'H" . Heo/lp.~tH K Tpe6a opOPIIHPaTM eH.
    CTeM 0)1 II je)lSa4HK3 H TO 0)1 "K)leKca k = 0 AO k z II - I (OJlftOCIIO
    0)1 k = I )10 k-n), Tj. Tpe6a CMCTeMY je)lK3qHHa
    JlO)l3TH npay
    (OAHOCHO nocnelllbY) jeJlHa4"HY KS npeTXOJl"Or CTaaa.

    !B. = EI. ~!B•• , ~'-Cl .. ,


    P. = ~./!B•• ,

    7a ~-) .1)"
    1;- 1.
    .,
    9.'1.

    !
    'lI• • ,

    I...
    rt
    k.1
    91l._,/.
    '11,

    + 91!'H IH'
    ..
    + 291!.( I. + IH' ,)+
    'B. ~ .. ,

    a 6 [ t(<Xt+,,-t{J!·,l
    . ~" +I
    MnK - - -- -
    <.m._, 1.+2 91!.(I. + p./H ,) + ;911 ••• I, +. P. - 6 ~~ 1t(<Xt . ,} -1: (~.}l

    P. = 'B./~k+' U m a/I, v= b/ I
    1R1t.. , Flit 1L F..... , m.#1 9Jl._, I. + 2 9Jl. (/. + P.IH'~ +
    7b
    Gi-a,.. -.: A.i
    "r
    ~.-+"..~.
    P +'Dl• .,II+, P. =

    k-'
    f---l. l. ••
    Ie.. ' .= IF...,f. + , P,U. +. v. +I( 1+ .... J+
    + F.I!u. v.(1 +u,)}.
    -
    82

    P. - ~./9! •• ,

    7c

    npbll rpot/loGNoalllu ..o/ M.IDO,lU IIlt.6 nllrr.rt ua·


    CT1I~U u .. je y .rllo.. npecelCy jeAK." Ie TJIIW~PSU1l0) eHAli
    TOta apeeo. YO-eA cjl.n.... or onrepehe.... no.aeMlIOj ICp)'TO-
    ruh y rptAe. $.IfT'II~hO orrr~pe ·
    '5. 'l\. • • he ... e je onrepehe ... r rpeAe It
    ... )orp""''' .. o..en eoll") .
    r: ~ I<.~o je Tpa.ceepl~.1 eMAI III
    AUO .. OCAOHI1YlulIUI oTnopy
    Tora OC'OKI1 a .. AeeHo .. ht-
    rnK8"oJ 8peAMOCTH otnopa
    oeAoHlla.. TO ey IUr.6. II A
    QCA06U'" It yeA A onn-pen ""

    7d .. 0 __
    .., Pf.
    •. .•
    "... a".1 - - "-
    ,
    cr.:. •
    ..ll!:._
    ,.
    !l.
    360r TOra )U8. . . 111 Tpll .. o.. eKTI .... o6JI."

    ,.•.
    --If6'5.... ...
    I ... ~

    1'. ... t

    _.,.,._
    _ ,-+
    I, 2 _~. (-4.+ -
    I, -
    •• ) .CJD .. .. , - "" ..
    e. tl. e. .. '8, "

    -s[ ~.:. . ~.~]


    ."'
    3. cny 1 •• )

    ,'" .. 1 "j,
    ~ I •
    'I' H ,,, ItC ornOr"
    tt. .. ~(\ y ~ C
    pelf. HW, - 0 YY
    1 •

    l""~ q·,, •
    •

    7d
    I 2 ,(I, tT.H "I, _ ~! I.

    j ,', '" 2 (I,

    4 ., /
    • //
    I
    •

    I [
    - 1& I~ •
    I -- III ,

    , .
    .111 ...
    I .. 11
    KaA3 cy OC!lOHUH :H3 pa3J1UilUiilU.Af BUCUtfaMO ;OIlJl3 ce Ha·
    rH6H HB A OeJlOHUHMa nOBchaoaj y 38 yrJloBe e. " 0.. , Koje
    oee rp CAa rpaAe ea XOpH30HTaJlOM.
    360r Tora jeAHa4HHa TPH MOMeHTa HMa 06J1HK

    lJll o_. I. + 2 an (I. +


    >I • • --
    iH • )
    +
    Q3. '80 'll...

    7e· •
    t.

    • Yq6eRHK .. n. 10. 8, crpa.. 259.


    85

    vrn TAEllliUA
    CTATJ.{1.{1{11 HEOAPE1JEHJ.{ OI{BJ.{PH (PAMoam-

    0-
    Q.
    BPeTA OKBI1PA H OnrEPEnEt-bA
    KAPAKTEPHCTH4HI! BEJlH4HHE"
    '"xl----------------------~----_+--------------------------~
    l£
    Oll/axe: Itt:::
    I,
    h'
    I.
    Itl = '[ . k =" T:;:
    I, 10 '"
    k,

    2 \lJl c (AI, + !..)


    I.
    = 6 ql'
    241.

    2 \lJl c ( ~ + __1 ) = ql'


    .k, k. 4 k.
    cum:mmt_
    1-+__ ( I, 1 qt·
    \lJl = ___
    c
    0 -

    I +k 8
    T,

    1 ~,=a,;= ~o I qi'
    E k, +k. 24
    l
    3+H t
    l
    •- I +k 8

    ,Ueo AC:

    ~, =a, .- "-- a b
    MF=McI _ a )= PI-- -
    o t I

    1.
    I . FI
    !lie· l+k "2/-1 1 +
    ab ( a)
    I
    2 A b
    ~, ........ ?I l
    MatOll' = MF - !lie --
    I

    r. P... a,=
    F. 1
    ="£ k,H. S i l l +1
    Ft a b ( a)
    • YU6t: IUUC, 'in . 10.S. CTp . 262,
    •• K'pancpHCTH'IIiC aC .IHI(HIlC yUle '1 no .nco .. ynoJ .pUIlOC1'L n~, .... CI ......
    •• e"MIlH.
    86

    F~ g)/c F
    Y A - -+-, Y8~ - YA'
    I I
    2
    .ll.eo A C:

    2g)/c (.!..k, + '!")-


    k,
    6(a, -P,) -
    C'-=~::::f
    ~ L 1. --6p,= -42 -
    F,h' 7 F,h
    = - - -.
    M 180 I, 30 k,

    3
    1\1

    Y A='IRcll- - Y • ..

    -ZA-~F.- g)/c -Zs.


    3 h

    z _~ . l+k ./
    .. 2 4+3k
    4
    87

    a, - O, ~,="s
    'm,,- FI a -b ( 1+ -b) = -I !DI
    4+3k {{ { 2 c

    5 b
    M m ila ~MF -gnC -
    I

    r.. - Fb 'me
    -{- +-{- ., Y e - F - Y..

    ~ :.
    i6 +9k -.!L-
    f' h
    4 f-3k 30
    'D!c = .....-:k=--- F. h •
    6 4+3k 5

    -
    ..... . 1l1 . ~ •...-. !l!l!iIIlIlIlIDlDlDDIDt
    \,.~ ·" ···T-· z

    F.
    ·r.

    !II" __ 1_ qJ'
    · _ =..!.. 'me
    l+k 24 2

    1
    h
    -·~~'
    J,
    L I.
    3Jle _ 2 + 3 k
    1 +k
    ql'
    24

    4+3k {
    z., -
    7 1 +k 8

    Ye - q{ -l' ..
    -ZA -'mAlh -Z •.
    3+ 2 k qh'
    9l1 .• ~

    1+k 24

    9Jl c = - k - -qh'
    - = 2iTl /l
    t + k 12
    3+4k h
    8 1 +k ' 8
    M .... c '/ , qy!. -~lc
    k qh'
    =-- ---
    1+ k 8 f
    - Ys
    - l.A =..!:. F + 9Jlr 9.llc _ 1 s.
    2' h
    (1, -O ;~, a,;~, ~ O
    9l1 A - ~
    1 - - -FIO(fJI)' - -
    1 9Jl c
    l-t>k2 11 2

    WI. _ ~o+(o+l) k ~!!... ~


    l+k 2 · 1 I.

    9 ubi
    M .... =FI - - +-(;olcb -;ol.o)
    A 1 1 1
    b' r
    YA = F - '... - (9Jlc - 9ll D)
    1 1

    c I.

    k .F.h 29Jl
    9Jlc - - - - = 0
    1 +k. 15
    1
    ·3 ~lc
    YA=--=-Y.
    Y, .
    2 1

    F. 9JlA - !IJl c
    - lA c =lo.
    h
    89

    ~I = a. i"" !I1l c = 'lJl 0


    9 2k+3= N
    0
    g)!c '" 1 q I' =!Ro= qt'
    I, 3+2k 4 4N

    11 M..,.= qt' -g)!c


    A
    8
    y .. = Y B ='/. q/
    !R'
    r. ZA :::: -.-f c. - ZB-
    h
    Yo

    9, = 9.",9;, 9..= 0
    q.;"
    ~. = - 24 '8.; a" = ~.=O
    C"==tr.::;,
    I- t '
    ==10
    I, I,
    gn... = 311. = 0; !Dlc = gn.
    q
    gnD=gn.; 'JJls=gn,=O

    ~ (q h + \lIl C ) ; ZD=~
    A
    lc =
    A· -. ,., 2 ~ .h
    : ' 13.
    - 2g)!.c (1 +.1<) + gnD 2
    r, q h'
    = T k - 6 £&k.

    -9Jl c +2(l +k)!JID -6E9k:

    lD+?C=O;
    na cy 3.a N=2l:+:i

    ~c.=·
    .
    q h'(l_
    4 '2'N
    ..!.);
    _ Y ... ~ gnc+gnq = qh' =Ys
    / 2/
    _ l .. = q I + 'DI c = q h (3 _ ~) , -Zc= - - -
    'fI·h gnc
    2 'h ' 4' 2N' . 2 II .
    nOMepalbe, ~ ..·9. h =
    2+5k,q h'
    _-,'-c..
    48 E.k'

    • npt~l JaCi~"u.M VII, 1" Tpehl )eA.auKa en.. n rUGal U cy ucaJun


    .CMAe y C, H D cynpoTHe CHAe.
    90

    61 _8.-=9; a,gO
    I!. - 0; a. . O
    F
    • b
    a. c -F Db( 1 +-b)
    l. L 6tl. I
    • J, I,
    F Db( 0 )
    A II 1I'=-6!1la 1 +/
    J
    ",
    'oS. 2(1 +k)9'IIc + 9l!.o =
    .!••
    ·
    F fJb
    =-(b+/)-6£k,e
    I'

    ZD-ZC=O;
    3FI D b D b
    9l!c = 9l!" = - - - ' MF=F 1 - - -9l!c
    2N I I ' . I I.

    13 &= Fob [1-2~]' 6=h&


    12 tl. I'
    a
    YlI=F-
    t

    P,pyru HOOUN. - OTCTPatlHWO 3rno6oBe A H B H 3~MeHIIMO


    HX OTnopHwa. Tua cy CA H DB K(,lH30Jle enaCTHQHO YKne·
    wnHe Y C H a,
    na cy nowepalb.1 3rno6oB. ~ H B

    ,.= [-11,- l /
    9l! h
    ~ tl,

    !1I=Hh; lA= -ZlI=H.

    nOBehaa.e pacrol""", AB wopa 68TH nOHHWTeHO XOPH30HTaJlHHM


    CH~allaH na cy nOllepalba H YCJIOB

    /'A= f' .= -; H h'


    3 !Il,
    / A+.=
    / / ' .. + /'•
    91

    OAHOCHO XOpH 30HTanHa KOWnOHeHTa OTnOpa

    a._
    H= ZA = -ls = -'3 -F_I . _ b
    .
    2 N h I I

    MOMeHTH cy

    ~F I a b
    13 !Dle = 91l D =9)l=Hh= _._,_.
    2N I I
    <,
    HarM6 KOA C. 360r enaCTM"Hor YKnewTetba. H3KOCH

    !DIe h + e__ a• .- !DIe I _ !liD I " ""


    ""e =!DID =!DI = H h
    3!l. 3 !l. 6!l.

    na cy

    e= F ab
    12, ~.
    [1 _2~]; A e.I
    =h

    8 F. T'
    II. = - - .-
    180 !l.

    t, 2 {I + k)!DIe +!DID =
    7
    = -F. I -6 E k.6
    14 30
    ,
    ...
    ~" " .. ---- I! ...":--Z
    :4. ' !DIJ:+2{1 +k)!DI n =

    .!.F., + 6 E k.6
    30 -
    -!DIe + 9J!D = 0
    F.I
    9J!e=9J!D = - ;
    2N

    • npe ... nO... u,. VII. 7e. Tpeb.l IUU'IIiBa ue;r,tI tl3 yc.ao. . . . C1 II:CKja:.ln aI.Ie
    r C • 0 cynpoTlle ellA..
    92

    7 /' I'
    14 e~ 180 ~, . ;

    -2 (1 ;. k) 93lc +93lD =

    ~ 2.;:,/ h k - 6Ek.6
    30 -
    - 93lc + 2 (1 + k)93l o =
    = 6 £k,"
    c I, 0
    L 2
    I,
    9J1c + 9Jl o ; - F , h
    3
    93l ; 60+ 33k p h
    'l'A 8 c 60 N •
    15
    r~;.(~,
    1 13,
    _-..".""'''''!'Qr......, IPl:!l!!!lBll::!~ 01! _ 60 + 47k F I
    .~: :.&. 0 -
    60N
    " 1
    ,
    -. v 6= '- SJl c +2 (I +k)93l o
    6Ek,
    1l = "9
    2 c 93l
    - l,,= - F7 + -
    3 h

    1 c 93l
    -lc = - F, - -
    3 h

    !nD
    -Zs = - = Zo·
    h
    93

    1 q I'
    !ill A = - - -- = 'Il!s
    2+k 12

    I. I,

    16 _t. ........_. AJ
    ~ .
    S
    2

    M .. _ ='I, q I' -!Rc


    Y.. = YII='/lql
    l!l!e
    Z.. ="/.-= - Ze= -Z.= ZD'
    h

    8 !Ill.. + 4 9JIc- q Jrl

    I, 4 Ic'lll .. +4 (2k + S)9Jlca q It" k


    t
    l, 3+kq Jrl
    q 9JI.. - - - --
    2+" 12
    -!II.
    17
    A 01,
    k q Jrl
    9Jl c = - - - - a9R D
    ,• IS, 2 +k . 12
    94 ·

    N, ~ k I· 2
    2 (~) - I-
    N,=6k+l I ab
    2N , PI -, I
    !Ill c ~
    a
    I L
    h " '
    18
    'lllD =

    =
    [
    I
    N, -
    2(-)
    b ' -',
    I
    2N,
    J FI - -
    ab
    I I

    'lRB=

    2(~)-IJ
    =
    -, +
    I
    2N
    ,
    2N . a b
    ."III
    ., "
    k, = IJh, k, ~ /JI, F. ='I:q, ,
    2 a, (k, +k,) + ~,k,"': : '
    - 3 r; 1!, = 'I,. (F., I/E)
    a, k,· +2f1=(k,~k,) -·
    -3H,= -'/,.(F .,'I£j
    -.a, - ~.+4~ ~ 0
    19 ~.I.• __ ..• . _ J! .... z ria cy: .
    ,f.:;;, . " Of

    1 \ Y.
    ~m.=2e(a2-3')k,;

    g)lc = 2 c' \:l ": -~ 'i) ",


    'lll1J; '/"F, ' ~2[;'(a,+2p.)k:
    tJ.=h
    95

    YA'_
    -
    'I • F Q _ '3Jle+'mo
    I
    19
    '=B~+~'DI=D~
    Zs= - 'm
    h

    k, =1,Ih, k. = I..}I, F. ='I, q. h


    2 a. (II', +k,)+ P. Jc.'-
    -36'k, = -'/i.(F.hIE)
    a.k, + 2 fit (Jc,+Jc.)-
    - 3eJc, =0
    - a.Je, - P.k/+ 48 ", =
    'I,. (p. hIE)
    .. ...
    =
    20
    .
    B
    z na cy:
    ,.-: fl • /.Ii'
    "
    . 'DI,, = - '/,oF q h+ 2E(a.-36}k,
    'DIe = 'I,.F.h+2£(2a.-3&)k,
    'DID = 2.E Clio + 211,) k.
    'DIo = 2 E(Il,-39) k,
    II =9 h

    y .... = 'DIc+'DIo = _ YB ,
    1

    I'
    I, ' 0
    (
    I. ,~ 2 a. (Je, +Jc~) +·11, k,-
    " M -39k,~ -M/2E
    21 8

    Yo
    96

    na cy :
    '11lA = 2 E (a~ - 3 e) k,
    9l1e= 2 E (2 a , - 3 ~) k,
    ~D = 2 E (!:t, + 2 P,) Ii,
    9ll n = 2 P (P, - 3 6) k ,
    9lle' = M - <me,
    KOHTpoita 9Jl" + 9Jtc.,. AI = 0,
    Y A + Ye = F
    21
    l" = 9ll" -~ = -2,a
    h .
    9J1'e + 9ll D
    Y'e = -=--=-'-'=
    I
    YA + Y'e=F
    6. = h e.

    k •.=l,lh, k.=IJI; k=k,/k.


    '. M=Fc
    0:" = - p, = ~1
    Ala 2h-~1! _
    (!,.~ • •-
    h' 2k. '+- .~. 2 E

    9Jl A = Mb (2h -3b) -


    h'

    A
    _ ex" k =M!!..{.2-3~)-
    t ,l 2E 1 .h \ . h
    22
    _ M4. 2...,3(alh)
    h 2k,+k,
    F.
    'me = M.!!... L .
    . h 2+k
    [2 - 3'!h!"'] = 9Jl
    l,,= 'Dt,,+M+'Ifle = - ls
    h
    Y,,= Ys=F.
    97

    IX. TABnHUA
    a) I<PHTHIfHH HAnOH nPH HiiBHJAIhY. >.._111:>.._1,11
    A-A.
    Hee"'C1K'fHO n04p,.'f1e e..n,..o oo.q>Y'l<
    f Tetmajor' I!aJer
    M"TEPHJAJ1
    A dk ). d,
    f"!/cm 1 N/cm' N/c'"

    ,r Llp.o
    ,.
    I . 10' <100 287a-19 A > 100 m . 10"' . (1M'
    16102-11.. H
    r.o*~e: J"IUKO 10 . 10' < 110 +5,2 ).1 > eo 9870 · 10'· (1/11'

    rao1k~t UpeHQ 20 • 10' < 1\2 2~716-127 ). > 112 19740. 10' l~

    r.o*~e TOnAefto 21 . 10' . <; lOS 30402-112 • > lOS 21m· 10'· PM'

    lfel'KIC TOnJilea 21 100 < 89 l28S3-~1 ). > 89 22210· 10' 'IIAI'

    dl .F 01 I F el
    F
    t1J
    ,.
    -I y
    1\ I• - lit

    . 1"
    ... 1 y II
    I
    ..
    Y
    h
    .. ...
    I

    I ~

    I ~ ..L 1- 1
    F F

    Cny~aj a) b) c) d)

    EI n' El ~"'EI. 20.19 EI 2~1


    F.
    Ttl
    - - --- ..,--
    I'
    (l 4 I' I' f'

    ' I, 21 0,51 0,7 I

    1= {,,", HajM8lbH MOMeHT HHepUHje nOnpeQHOr rrpece-.; 1-'.,. :


    {, cA06oll"a (ptIlYKoBoHa) lIyxuHa uS8uifJlto A,~k.

    • YUtlooHl. ~JL 12, CTp. 28;.

    7 TaO ....... Ot •• p.on. ".rt,_f,l.u


    Ib) BPEJUfOCT KOE.H~HJEHTA H8BHJAIbA-.J
    \'~I'
    A = - - em'
    d F
    )

    MATfPHJAn '"
    1-, - 1,/1 0

    .
    10 20 110 40 110 110 70 110
    I 10 100 110
    1
    120 1110 140 1110

    reo.~t! .. puo 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,05. I,ll 1,18 1,27 1,41 1,62 1,94 2,48 3,00 3,57 4,i9 4,86 5,58

    tl7 1,00 1,01 1,02 (,05 1,10 1,17 1,16 1,39 1,59 US 2,36 2,86 MI 4,00 4,64 5,32

    it" 1,00 1,01' 1,03 1,06 1,12 1,20 1,31 .,49 1,76 2.2f 3,07 3,72 4,47 5,10 6,03 6,92

    SJ't 1,00 1,01 1,03 1,01 1,13 1,22 1,35 1',54 1,8.5 2,39 3,65 4,29 5.11 6,00 6,9~ 7,9&

    e) Rp.lcu.... o6p.!'.... •• I\. . .a •• o........ apn..... yTu DrT.aou (lI,n-ld. ,N/em'l


    I) Rankine •• -';'J(I+al.'l, a=O,OOOOS~• ..e.o ....
    2) Amrr/ea. ,.,tllult ./ SI..I Co.slrucflo,(1028 roJL)
    ... =2263 . I04ftI8ooo+).I): •• Itplnce m,.noae CJ} ~10s0
    3) limIT/con Rallllla,. e",'nttrlnt -Auoe/allon
    >
    cr.\_ U20-~9 >". sa.).

    ) Johnfo,,·oa 4apo6'oAI""u
    3Q • .,.,.=980 ... k<3(l
    4) Jo"niky - II ..... _,=3387 -I4,33l., 60< A"; 100
    30KOlf ..
    .p.
    .,«"1&: -.=2800+0,(93)..

    ,
    J) CCCP - HopMe "A=F/II ,,; . • Koe¢lMllRJtl!lT KlIlj.",
    7) Jyr),uo..Jlcw ·uop". (19.12 ~• .)
    ,. tcplTKt 0.=(0, +700) (l-l/tn).l .If; , •••nee l1\H"oae 0'.=2013· 19',')..
    Je crt rp'HHll' r"'t'ltl" .
    ...
    d) CABHJAIbE 11 118BI1JAibE

    k' = F/~; '!3~E'; u= '/, kl = '/:"/F/'J3 = '/,fI ~FIF.

    MOMeHT caBHjslb3 EnacTHqUa nHHHja


    P,6P'" CKH~a'
    M/ ~ Y=

    Y [Sin kb . b
    I - - Sin kz - - lCz +

    nkZ Itsin k(z-a) J


    'l I
    -
    ,. ,
    1
    Y
    6
    :in' .!:..[ sin~bsi,
    k Sin 2
    k F sin 2u I
    (, U
    +1 + Sill k (Z - n) + k (Z - a)]
    g

    -Y- [Sinkl
    - - 1 .
    - kz + Stn (kz·- u) +
    2kF casu
    I
    -Y - [Sin-k z1 l- 2sln. (kz-.u)] r (kZ- U) ]
    2k cos u
    la a=b='/.1 ,
    AI YI'!. ~I . I f = ~~ - u)
    /(1'''= H I : , =; "2 mu 48 m u'
    " Y It 2 (I - cos u)
    ' a= -~~ - _.
    16 !ll ul cos u
    P.6p. CKHQa
    MOMeBT casNje ....
    M, =
    EJiacTHQH3 IIMHKja
    Y= II
    -L[COlkZ+
    ·FIe'
    I - cos 2u
    sin 2 a
    sin kz-

    k' Z - I] II
    ~ ., ' -(Z)'l
    qt'[Z
    2 ' +Fy - 2(1-l)
    2
    :·f!ll"",,,,,,,,,;nl!1i!i:::]o: ·2(1 -cos a)
    MIG . . = qt'. f_ = 5q " 24 (sec u - I - '/, u')
    8 a" COS a ('='/01) 384!B 5 u'
    . q I" 3(tga-u)
    11= - / 1 = -
    24 'l\ u'
    I:
    . I
    ,
    I q, e
    iD 'kz _ !t.:. ]
    z
    TZ) - 2 (Z)
    Ie' ,la20 20 q,P [ ( z)' 3 (
    T - T +
    :~~
    12k'!B 2 a'
    3 M... ·' .·
    sin 20 +3 -sin-k- Z]
    coskz= - - u" sin 2u
    2a

    I
    MOM~BT caBHjalba EnaCTHQHa nHHHja
    P.6p. CKHQa
    M, = Y=

    I
    -!ITt sink(/-z) ~e(/-Z) _ Z)] sin k (1 -
    • ::. F
    sin 20 Ie' !B 2u sIn 2u
    4
    W ( 'fa MCt='/lf) = - - -
    !ITt
    2coso
    I(~/.I) = ~- [I -_1_]
    2k' !B co s U

    ,
    -!ITt s ink.
    sin 2a
    - - - -sin
    !ITt [ k z
    1e'!B 2a
    -
    k Z]
    sln2u

    I
    5
    At ( $' M(r-ro'/." - - - -
    !ITt
    2 cos U
    ICPJIof/ ~ ~[1-
    2k' !B
    _1_]
    ':05U
    X. Y3AJAMHl1 fIPI1THCAE< )lBA. TEnA
    (Hertz-oBH O(!p.C~H)

    1881. roa. .11,10 ie He .. aqKH cpHsHoap Hertz pewelbe np06l1eM. 0 ysa·


    i.MHoM npHTHcKy aoa enaC"KqHa Tena OrpaHHQeHa y 611H3HHH aOaHpsHx
    nUJIlI 6H"0 ccpepHHM 6HIIO l(HIIHHAPHqHHM noopWHKaMa. npe~HHl(a D, H D,.
    YCJlU ysaiaMHor npHTHCKa Tella OKOIIHHa aOaHpHe TaqKe aecpopMH.
    cahe ce H aoaHp TeJla npowHpYi~ ce Ha '"any nOBpwHHy y cnyqaJy
    ccpepllHx nOBpWHHa OrpaHHqeHY Kpyro". q"iH ie nonynpeqHIIK Pt . aOK ie
    'y cnyqaiy l(HIIHHAPHqHHX noapWHHa aOa \'pHa noopWHHa ysaHH npaooyrao'
    HHK ca aylKHM CTpaHa"a napallellHHM H~a.oAIIHIIRMa IIHIIHHAapa. illHpHRa
    ' OBor npaBoyraoHHK3 H3HOCH . Pt: Y cnyqaiy aOARpa ccpepHHx noopwHHa
    HaJaehR. ie HanOH npHTHCKa p, y TaqKR AOARpa. Haio~hH TaHreHl(HianHH
    HartoH jasroa ce y UqKH .Hcnoa AoaHpHe TaOKe Ha YAaibelbY OKO 0.5 P. a
    Baj8eh" HanOH ' 3aTesalba jaBiba ce y UqKaMa AOAHpHor Kpyra.
    Y uynjy aoAHp~ l(HnHHApHQHHX nOBpWHKa ca napa.neJIHHM OCOMa
    npHTllcaK ce Ha DoapwHHH ~OAHpa Melba UO eJlHlllJjqHOM SBKORY.
    Y c"y,!~jy AOAHpa l(HnHHapHqHHX · nOBpWHHa ca YKpWTeHHM ocaMa
    npHTMc:ax ~e Melba no 3aKOHY ellHDCOHAa a
    nOBpWHHa AOARpa ie entinca.
    Y n6nRUH X AaTe cy KapaKTepHCTHOHe BpeAHOCTII ca OSHaKaMa:
    F - "pHTHeaK Tella (N).
    q -
    oQTepehelbe no ieAHHHlIH AYlKHHe URJI"Rapa (N/ em).

    a... -
    p, -
    HajBehH npHTHcaK no IIHRAiH JlOaHpa (N/cml).
    HaiBehH HanOH saTesalba (N/cm').
    '.~ - HaiBehH T3JlfeuIlHjanH~ HaDOH (N/cm l ).
    II I - nOMepalbe y npaBIIY nap.neIlHOM · np"TRcKY.
    P. - no~ynpeqH"" KpYlKHe aoaHpHe . nOBpWlIHC OaHocHO WH o
    pHH. npaBoyraoHe AOJlHpHe nOBpWHHe.
    G. b .- nOllyoce eJl"nTH'IIIe JlOJlHpHe noapWHHe.
    D,. D. - npeqHHIlH aoaHpHHX noapWHH ••
    E - MOAYJI eJlaCTHqUOCTH,
    p. - noacpHOB Koeq,HIIHieHT.
    C"paheHHlIe:
    A= D, D, D, D, 1- p.',
    D,+D, . U,-D, E,
    X. TABJII1UA
    yaAJAMHH nPHTHCAI{ C4>EPHHX H L\HJJHHAPn'lHHX TEJJA (HERTZ-OBH OBPACLl.I1)
    H .ilaehll .anQH....
    I-__...-:::..:--!...::....::..~--=:....::..;:..;:;..:;- _ _ _I~
    8pcu y.uJaWHOr npNTJla'1
    nO..ynpe .. "Hk
    no.pw.~e
    aOA"pHt
    OpK tHCn 'OPV&Jtftlf I TlRre.all.

    Pk P. O"U (al •• \II

    9.81 t N/em'
    a) CcJlepHa Tell.

    '--=,..--
    1 09181 /
    ,
    F
    VD'(k, + kJ' II
    E" .. E,,,,E s
    la 11, = 111 c 0,3 0.881 VF~ 0,616 t F (EID)' 0.133p, 1.55 r P IE' D

    E, s E, - E
    2a
    1'. -.. mO.8
    0.881 r F)..IE 0.61 St F(EfA)' 0.133P. 'li P, I.SS" P IE' A

    TlHreHU ..
    Bpcta yuJawRor npRTRC:U
    "m". w
    9.81 '_N/em'

    3
    II
    E, =E ,= E
    30
    1', =1', =0.3
    0,881 r FvlE 0.616 V' F (EIV)~ O,133p. 'liP. 1,55t FIE!' v

    b) L\IIIlHUAPH'IlIa Tella (q N/cm)

    .6D = 4k. q . (~ +
    4 0,798 1/ If 1t 3
    Y D (k, +k.)
    + In-20)
    , P.

    E,=E,=E
    4a 2,t5VqDIE 0,591 VqEID
    11, '" 1'1 = 0.3
    E=2.1·10' N/cm2 0.OO15~qD 846'/ qlD. 250'iq{0
    4b
    1' = 0.25 (Hlf .JI.y6HHH "0.393 P. O.!l nOBpWHoe .!lO.!lHpa)
    5
    . $]-:~ ~- d'
    1,6'/q (k, + k.) A ·0,798
    .
    V q
    A(k.+k,)
    0

    2(1 "').:.£.(2.+
    E,=E, = E E 1f 3
    5a 0,591 '/ qE/l..
    l'-1 = I't = 0,3
    2,15'/ qA/E
    4D,D.)
    + In --
    P'.

    6
    ~
    <
    I ........ ~ ~
    W 1.6'/qv <k, +k.)
    .
    0,798'/ q
    v(k. +k.l

    E,=E.=E
    60 2,15 Yqv/E 0,591 " qE/v
    P-. c I'-t = 0,3 .

    ~ yV~~)'
    o - afJ'),,(k. +k.) 1.5F
    7
    b.pa --
    Rob
    l.. k. +.k.
    106

    ~ OnWTH cIIY'laJ. - .. AKO Cy Y TaqKH JlOJlHpa R, H R,' r A08HU


    aOJlya/U~uu qu KpHBHHa (R,>R',) Ten. (1 ) a R, . H R,' rnaBHH nonynpeQHHI1H
    KpMBHHa (R.>R,'} Tena (2) OHJla cy rnaSHe KpHS"He y ynpaOH"M paBHHMa
    K, = llR,. Pasa" rnaBHe Kp"SHHe K, = llR,
    rpUH ca paSHH rnSHe KpHOIIHe K. = IIR,
    yrao '1', Y OSONe cy cnyqajy

    1,5F
    p.= ,
    !Sob
    r Jle cy

    8
    k = -,-,--'--
    3 (k,+k.)
    KoecpHllHjeHTH «, ~ H Y oJlpe~yjy ce
    nONohy opeJlHOCTH e
    e~. arc CO" -: yl/(KV--,--UK",')""+:-;;(K",-K",,,,),:2'+7'02'(UK'-,--':K','")'(""K'-,--'K'.")...,c--'o$:....2,-
    .,

    (os nWlRl\e d) .

    c) l(oe41J1~HjeHTII a, II H r aa CJly...j 7
    .
    -
    D,
    I 1,5 2 3 4 6 10
    D,

    II 0,908 1,045 1, \58 1,350 1,505 1,767 2,175

    II I 0,765 0,632 0,482 0,400 0,308 0,221

    ,
    Y 2,080 2,060 2,025 1,950 1,875 1,770 1,613
    d) l<oe411U(HjeHTH n. PH r sa cnY'Iaj 8

    eo 90· 85· 80· 75' 70· 65· 60· 55' 50· 45' 40· ;J5b 30' 20· I OU To·
    1.00 1,06 1 I. I 28 1.202 1.284 1.378 1.486 I. GI I 1.754 1.926 2:136 2.397 2.7:.\1 3.778 6.612
    (l
    ""
    ~ 1.00 0.94 4 0.893 0.846 0.802 ();759 0.71 7 0.678 0.6·11 0.60·1 0.50'/ 0.530 U.493 0.40S 0.319 0

    r 2.00 1.996 1. 985 1 1,967- 1,944 1.~12 '1.875 1.828 l .n2 I.,ml J .li:j i 1.550 1 .~o3 1.220 0.8' 1 -
    •

    XI. TAB1U1UA
    BA)I{HHJH MATEMATHql<H OSPACIl;H

    A) CTEnEHH

    I) (a±b)2 = a t ± 2ab + b2 , 3) (0+b)'=a'±3a%b+3abl±b


    '
    2) a2 -b 2 =(a+b ) (a-b), 4) a' ± b = (a ±b) (112:r:ab + bt )
    8

    6) (O
    n ) -- 1, ('1') - n, (n2 ) -_ n (n2-1 1), nl = 1 ·2·3·· ·n ; Ol = }.

    n) = n(n - l)(n-;2) • •• [n - (p-l)] = n( ~=( n .)


    (p 1·2·3.·.p pl(n-·p)l . n-p

    = n; ( ~ ) + ( ;) + ( ; ) + • . • + ( :~) = 2"
    7) (an - 'btl ) : (0 -b)= 0"-1 + 0"-lb+a"-I .bl + . . . : +obO':' I +b,,-l
    8) (a l " _ b1n ) + b) = 0 1,,-1 _ 02,,-1 b + a1,,-1 b~ -
    : (0 •• - "",-1
    . . •
    9) (a'" + I + b~n+1) : (a + b) = oln - 0 1,,-1 b:+ otn-t b! - , .+ b'",

    8) nOrAPHTMH

    I) 10gb a = c, (0) 0, b > 1)


    2) 10gb (ae) = 10gb a + 10gb e; !Ogb ( ; ) = log. a - Jog. c

    n 1
    3) 10gb Va = -- log. a
    n
    4) In x = log, x = In 10 • log Xc: 2,302 585 093 log x; log x -= loga x
    5) logx = log 10 x = loge.lnx = O,4342944819Inx.
    lot
    C) JEARA'IHIII!

    Je/1.Ha~UHe Upsor ellleueHa


    1) a. x+b.,, = c1 JC=D, :D.
    Os.t + 6"y =C1

    D, = I I· D.= I I· D ~I
    .
    2) a, JC+b, y +e, z=d, x = D, : D. y = D. : D. z = D. : D
    g.JC+b.y+e.z=d,
    a, JC +b, y +e.z =d,
    d. bt '1 a. d. ef a, 6, d, Cl1b. c,
    D, = dJ b. cJ , D2 = as ds Ct D. = o. b. d. At b. e. 'j6 0.
    a. bs '. a. d, c. a. b, d. At b. e.

    3) ax'+ bx +e =0. -b±1I' bl - 40c


    20
    x'+px+ q =0. x,., = -'lop ± V' /, p> - Q
    X'I • xJ =- q;

    2t'+.I'" -l=0;

    KyffHa ie/1.HO~UHa
    4) z"+dz'+bz+c=O=(z-z,) (z-z,) (z - z.1
    %1 z!! + z~ z. + l,ZJ:= b.

    CMeHOM z=x -'/,a Ao6KBa ce peJI.)'KOBaBa Ky61la jeA8nllU

    3b - al 27e+20'-90b
    x'+px+q=o; p= q=
    3 27
    Pewelbe Je
    3u. + p ~ 0 O)lHOCRO
    u' + v· ... - q
    3
    U = V'---;'~
    I ,-q-+~~;;;(P.',I"',q"')'l',+=;';(,7/,=p;'i)· ;
    110

    J1uc~p"AUlHaHI1JII

    D . -- (27q'+4p') = -:-4 - 27 [('/, q)' +('/,p)') : - 4 - 27 - to;


    t1 = ('1, q)' + (' I, p)'-
    o -~ 0 csa //lpu Kopella peDAll e jeJJ.aH je llpDAU,

    D < 0 jeAaH KopeH peeADH H ABa KOHjyroBoHo KOMaUKCHa,

    D> 0 KopeH" cy peaAllu " PaJilH"HTH (HeCBOJVbHB cily"aj - casus


    irreducibilis)_
    11 OBOII CJlyqajy cc ynoTpe6Jb3Ba TpHrOHOlleTpHCKa "eTOJla

    a': - 'I, q T jI ('1, 'I)' r ('/ , p)' ~ rel'I : a + i~ = , (cos 'P + I sin 'P)'
    KaKO ie
    D> 0 TO je A ,--('/, q)" ('I,p)·<O. na je p Hera//luBHo

    "., (', .'1)" t1 = - ('"p)", -

    rcos'!' : - '/,q

    te cy rl = _I/:rp', cos, ~ _ L = ,3q


    2, 2pY - '/, P

    X, =21" - '/,p' eos(,/,'!'); %,=2" _ '/.p eos('P~21f);

    .x._= 2V - "I. P - cos .p + 4n _


    3
    npaaep •. - I) P~(z) ;;:' -·h:t+Sz-2=O ; p=_I/:; q=_:lt.,; d=~; U:;:. V:::o: II,:
    a,_'1.: 1i;z'/.+t/,_2: P,: {z-2J= ~ - 2:+1::::t;P.(l}; Pz{z) =0; z,,=z.= +1.
    2) P'.~~-3zS+4l-1_0 ; p=l; q=O; D~-4<O: .r'+.x=O:°xt=O; x".=±';
    1'.-1; Z•• -.1±1.
    31 P.-z'+12 .. +2.z-64=0; . • =.-4; "-21%-32eO; A=-256; -D>O;
    r.16Y2; ..... =./.1""2; .,='/,'; .,=4ffCOJ('/'~-1=2(Jf3tll; .. ';'-4;
    -x.=~)f2 COl (l1/u_l= -2(ra -1);
    .,=2V3-2; z,=-8; z,=-2n-2 .
    4) Je.c""~UHa ~.IllBplIlor elileatHU
    z, .;. az' + bI' +cz + d ~ 0,
    elleBOII z=x-'I,a CBOJlH ee Ha x'.j.px'+qx + r=O;
    ,-b-'/,o'; q='I,a'-'/,ab+c; r.= -·/u,Q'+'/ .. a'b-'I,ac+d_
    III

    npeTxOAHO Tpe6a peWHTH Ky6HY jeAHa4HHY


    I' '- 2p I.' + (p" - 4 r) 1 - q' =0
    (£qler·oea pe30Raellwa). !-beH" cy KopeHH I " t,. I, n. cy

    x t = 'f) vt; + VI, f {i;). x, = .


    '/.. ( - vt; ~ vI..- - "-t
    , ..).
    x. = 'IA ft; - VI, - 'II,). X. ='I,(-VI, -VI, tV!.,).

    'II, . Vt, . VI" = - q.


    "p... p. 0 P.(I)=I' -8~'+ 141:+81-1S=O; p=-IO; q=O; r ~~;
    P,{x)--.r'-lOr+9==O; '~ - 20r-+6~t==O; '.=0; 1':,:.:16; 1::1::=.4; x, ::.; I; -I; 3; -3;
    . , - 3; J; 5; -I.

    npH6nH)I(Il0 peW80albe jeAHa'lltlla


    "-
    OJ Mrwona maHrrHille (Ne wton·""phson). -- He Ka <PYl!xu"ja y=/(x)
    y HHTepeany [a, bJ HM" 'y' * O. y" "" O.
    Y aeny HHTepBann (a ;b) y ~w"e j e yy" > 0 nooyhH TaHreH TY Ha KpHBy.
    KopeK je npeceK TaKreHTe " OCC OX. Oeaj nocTynaK Tpe6a nOHO~HTH.

    CnY4ajeBH.
    y">O a) y' > 0 TaHreHTY nORy!.H ,n Ta4Ke BII l~)J. n. je npH'
    6nHlKHa BpeAliocT KopeHa

    X=b_/(b). flOUPOUIlO
    h= _ f (b)
    ' . f' (b) 1'(1))
    b) y' <0 TaHreHTY nOByhH H~ TJ4KC 1/ [t(t!H. na je
    f (u)
    Xl ;::0- - -. liolipaBKa
    I' (a)
    I (y"Oj I (,,''''oj
    OJ b) 0) 1,)
    B A
    y:CO
    ,,'<0
    frill Jrtll

    A e A B

    11 y" <0 a) )" :> O. TaKreHTY nOByhH H3 Ta4Ke A


    b) y' < 0 TaHreHTY nOByhH H3 raQKC B.
    112

    nocrynaK nOHOOH TH H3 raq Ke Bi [x,. f (x,lI HJlH A, [x ,., (lr,n .. A06.T.


    Hoey speAKocT
    ., ~ x _,
    , I'
    (.,1
    (x,)
    a 33THM H HCTl1M H3QOOOM H

    .1:. = %, - I- (x,l , . '"


    f' (x,)

    y' = 6>

    h( = _ I Ix,) I
    x/ 1/ y( ,xf+ l - Xf+ h
    f (XiI
    1
    2 -1 10 0,1 0 2.\0
    2.1 0 O,OS 11 ,23 -0.005 2,095
    I

    b) Mefiiol1 a ce .u~e (regula folsi). - AKO ie I (a) 0, I (b) 0 noayk" < >
    CeQHIlY AB. OHAa ie y npeceKy C ea oeOM Ox npll 6J1HlKHa speAHoeT KopeHa

    x, = a - I (a) (b-a) HIlH x = b- I (b) (b-a).


    t (b) - /(a) , f(b)-f(a)

    nocrynaK nOH 08HT ....


    .llpyra anpOKcHMBUHja 6Hbe
    f(x,)

    np ... p. - 3, rop .. y Walll,'oay )...... "y ..... 600wo 1(2)=-1.1(2,5)=5,6250


    na Je npll npK6I1H)KHl apUHocT kopena %1I11III2+(0,5/6,6'250)=2,0754. ra\lHHj. apuuoCT
    .op... J. 2.095.
    r) KO.M6uHOBGHO MtWOA G (Dude-lin) - Dalle te KopMc:rc oCie npenOJJ;HC MClOne.
    Jtp ·npH6nRlICHc 'p eJlKOCT K re*e J.: opeHY Cd pUIIHQ aTHX CTpaBa KpHHe.

    d) Mefiiop.a ufiiepa~uje (Gregory). - l:IeKa je Xo npa> npH6ltHlK Ha


    speAKOC! Y.=t(x). Koi a i e. Kao H ['(xl. HenpeKHAHa <PYHKIlHia y OKOltHHH
    epeAKoeTH KopeH • . Clle)lehe ey npH6J1HlKHe apeAHoCTH

    AKO Je
    Iy'(x) 1< 1
    113

    :.I" CHe llPC.l HOCT H x H3 HHTe pB3 .1n. OKO KOPPM:1 . OH.l:1 HH3 Bpen,HOCTH
    XJ • .'(.1'" I X" KOHBe p rltPJ I(a Ko pe HY jfD.H8l(H Ht .

    AKo jc I y' (X) I> 1 0"'10 ee npe ." ", Hl ""Oep3HY $y HKUHj y
    ,=q> (") .
    jep. nOW TO If

    ly' ( x) l~ 1 ,> 1, TO jc i x'(y)I< 1.


    I x' (y)
    npH J(t p. I lxJ=l.JI -2.r -3 :::.. 0 It "'. ,.;o pe" '! pII l ,d ., y p.5; '21 jl'!" i~' 1(l ,:lj -2.62~< O .
    1 (2 ):: 1 > 0. Klko cy KJlOA M 1' lz }=3.r:- '2 TO cy t t1.5 J='.? JiS ,:,O H I' P I-Il1, Ilile
    Q .
    npout c AHl epreKllIl. Te ItHle.Pl HjON Ao6MUW O 'P (.rJ=r2\"" +3 . CUll Je :r ll.51 ' 0 -
    = 1.8 17 1; TA ll it H)' Je .pell MOn .( 1.8 17 I I=r 6,6,l~1.:1.8782

    Ha PA'I YKABAIbE BPEllHOCTH AnrE&APCKII X no n llHO MA

    Hajn aK wo ee SPW" no XopHeposoj exe"H

    /(X ) ;:. D"X" + D"' _IX"-I+ a... _:: xn-1 ..1 . .. -! O ::X 1: T" D IX ~ D.': L• a . x.·
    ~.

    x, a. 0 .. -, D,,_".! a.. o. 0,

    + b"x. + bll - 1 .10 +b:. x. + b:: xo I b, x.

    b. b" _ J b lt _ :: b.. b, b, = !( x,)

    .,. np_Me p, H3 ftH J3 ' xo= 1 BpeAHoeT nonKHOM'


    I (x) = x' - 3·x' + 2 x' - 6 x: + 3 .< + ~
    - 3 2 -6 3 4
    I - 2 o -6 -3
    -2 o -6 -3 1 ~ I(r.)

    I
    (x' 3x' t 2 x' ·- 6x: +3x.4) :(x · I) ~ x' · 2 x· ~ 6 r - 3. j
    x- I

    >,,:2 I 1,2 3,1


    o
    - 1,2
    ti:l
    1.2 u 3.1 '1 - fi x" = '2),
    114

    no.t... OM I (x) ypet)elf no CTt-nUN". 0,1 x .,o*e ce JllkO ypUHTR .. no Clene""".


    01 (.r - %0) rIOMohy Xoplepoae c!elle • l.naClTH y o6')I&Y
    f(.rJ-A tt+A , (x -xo)+ A, (x - xp)z + • . . + A", (x-xaJ",
    rae cy ICae4JtlUlfJuTM A, o6,ulCI

    XOPHCPOI nOCTynllC Tpe61 nO"OIKTH OIOAH"O nyu ICon Je peAl x Y' A".
    HI npMwep, pili lit" nOIl""014
    !(x)=-z'-8.l 1 +3.x'+8x+12 no CTeneHIlWI .1-2.

    .1'.-2 1 8 3 l 12
    2 -12 -18 -20
    1 -6 -9 -10 -8
    2 -8 ~
    A.
    - 1 -4 -17 -44
    2 -4 A,
    I -2 - 21
    2 A.
    1 0
    A,

    f (x!'= (t - 2)'- 21 (x -2)' - t4 (x-2) -8.

    no"ohy XOpHepOse exeMe Mory ee peWI8.TK 'lIre60pCK~ jeAH.4KHe.


    AKO je x, npsa npK611H)I(R' epeAHOCT nOllKHOMO p. (x) = O OHAa MOpa 6KTK
    p. (x) = p._, (x,(Ol). (x -x,("l)+ p.(x,lOl) = 0,
    rA~ je p._,
    nOllNKO.. 3a jeAHKKIlY KK)I(er peAa OA np806KTHor nOllKHo.. a
    p.(x)=O a p.(x,(O» *0.
    jep x, HHje. T34H. speAHoeT lber080r "opeHa.
    360r Tora nonp.BKY y3 ......0 y 0611HKy
    p. (x,(O»
    I:JI C" - = _ b.
    --,.
    p._, (x, (0) (,

    rAe cy b. H " noclIcAIbK Koe<l>HIlKjcHTII XopHepOBe eXCMC np~or H ·.o;pyror


    noeTynk •. npH611H)I(Hl speAHoeT KopeK. jc
    x,(I.)::;-x.(') I- I1h.
    nOCTynaK Tpe6. .Buwe DyWa DOHOlJU/UU AOK ce He .o;06Kje )l(eJbeHa
    TnHoeT KopeH.. llcJbelbe.. nOllKHO... KopeHHM 4KHHOlleM eHK)I(OSa' ce
    peA nOllHHo.. a, no noerynaK Tpe6a OOHOBHTK ca 08aKO AooK8eHHM
    001lH80 .. 0"1 .
    115

    npaaop, P (x)=x' -- 9,c'+ 18 x-6=0

    P(0)= - 6; P(I)=4 ; P(O,5)=7 /8 ,I'(O,4, =-22/125; x,(0)= O,4

    x, I -9 18 -6 6h

    0,4 -3,44 5,824

    0,4 1 - 8,6 14,56 - 0,176


    -2,88 -0,116
    0,4 - 11,68
    0,015
    1
    , -7,2 11,68

    1 - 9 18 -6
    0,415 -3,5628 5,9910
    1 -8,585 14,4372 -0,0090
    0,415 -3,3906 0,0008
    0,415
    1 -8,170 11 ,0466

    1 -9 18 -6
    0,4158 -3,5893 6,0003
    1 -8,5842 14,4307 0,0003
    0,4158 -3,3964 - 0,()()()02
    0,4 158
    I - 8,1684 11,0343

    xl~O.4158, :rJ ~2.2943 , xa~6,2899


    1: XI=~, 1: Xi .t il' :::: 18; X I X2 xJ-=6',

    BA)f(HHJE TPAH CU.EHlJ;EH THE JElJ;HA'IIIHE

    1) tgox=x

    KopeHH: xo=O; Xl = 4,4934; x,=7,7253; x,= 10,9041;

    x,= 14,0662; x,= 17,2208 ; x.",,(n-,'j, )" 3a n > 5,


    2) xtg x=a

    a 0,01 0,10 0,50 1.00 1,50 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 10,00 100

    X",I. 0,10 0,31 0,65 0,86 0,99 1,08 1,19 1,26 1,3 1 1.43 1,568
    Ii 6

    3) a z r ig a x ~ a cia a

    It •
    (1 " _ 0 30' 1200 1500 180
    I

    ....'., II 62 4.38 3.00 2.36 2.07 2.00

    l) Ig % r Th X

    x o ~ (l: .r, r 3. 27: .r. - 7.069 ; .r,c J.(l,210: x. r I3,352; %, = 16,493


    x. - 16,493 ~ (n - 5).. 38 n > 5.
    5) Ig % r . Th %
    .r. - O; r , ~ 2.365; .r.- 5,498; .r. ,.,5,498 + (n - 2}1< 33 n> 2.

    6) cos.r Cb.: = 1
    .ro ~ O ; .:, = 4.7300: .:,: 7.8532 ; .:, = 10,9956;
    r. :::: (n - '/. ) :< 32 n > 3.

    7) cos x Ch .: c- 1
    x, & 1.8751 ; x.= 4.6941 ; z,~ 7 , 8548: .:. = 10.9955;
    %.:::: (n - ' / , )I< 1A n > 4.

    0) P£)lOBH

    I} ApMTM e T HQK H o. o + d, 0 + 2d, .:., a"

    a. = a + (n - I) d
    S.= '/. (a + 0. ) n = ' /: n[2a+(n - I) dJ.
    2) reo .. eTpHCKH D. aq. oq·.. . .. o.
    a,. -:-:: aqf1 - 1

    S . = a (q" - Il = qo.-a
    q- l . q- I
    (1 - X")
    3) 1 + x + x' + X' + .. . + xlt - 1 = ~--'
    I- x

    4) I c 2+ 3 + 4 t , .. + (n - J) + n = n(n.2+ 1) = (n+ 1,)


    2
    117

    5) I' , 2', 3: . ~t , ' (n I)t'"' ~ n ln l 1)(2nfl)


    , 3!

    0) 1' ·/ 2' 13' ·4' , .. . , (n ·· I)' · n'<' [n (1I '


    2
    I)r ~.(";lf
    7) I' + 2' 1 3' . 4' ,. . .. ., (n ·'1)' , II' ,

    ~ '/.IO n (n d) (2n·, 1)(3n' +- 3n - I)


    8) .3·c 5 T 7 . (211 ·3) H2n . I) ~ n'
    9) 0 1' ;' 3" 1 5'+ .. +(2n .1)' :t/"n(2n - l)(2n + I)=en;l)
    10) 1' ~ 3' 05' T '" • (2" - l)'=n'(2n' - I) ~C;,)
    11) (I ±X)n ~ I ± (;)X I- (;)""±(;)X' + '" Ixl<1
    1
    12) -::-'~ -:: I T x..I-.x 2 ~;c!'l;. '"
    ±X
    13) ~(I !-x)m = 1 + m x -t m(m - n) X"I
    n n . 2n
    , Im(m - n)(m - 2n) ,
    T X + "',
    n . 2n . 3n

    1,
    _ ___ = 1 _ !'!.. x + m ( m;. n) x'-
    14)
    n n . 2n

    - mlm + n)(m+2n) .x 3 + .. . I

    .
    n . 2n . 3n .. ' . ,
    X X:l .x J x"
    15) e' = 1+ - + - + - + - + ...
    ' 11 21 3! 41
    Ixl<oo
    , ..

    16) X-
    lox=2 - .-1 +_.
    1 --
    1)' + -1 --'-1)' +-1 (X -
    1)1 + ... ] (X (X - 33 X~O
    [
    x + 1 3 x+l 5 x+l 7 x+1 I

    .xl x. x' .x I
    17) cos X = 1 - - + - - - +- - . . 1 xl <J)O
    2! 4! 61 8!
    . .x x' x' X1
    18) sm x = - - - +- - - + . .,
    11' 31 5! 71
    x' 2x' 17 x' 62x'
    19) 19x=x+-+--+ + 1 +"' ,lx l <'/I"
    3 3.5 3" . 5 . 7 3 •5. 7.9
    Jl8
    Xl . .[' \,"
    20) Chx=l+ - + - -' ,:, " ',
    21 , 41 (i'
    ,x' Xl .x 7
    21) Sh JC = X + - + - ' + - .. ,
    31 51 7!

    EI'TPHI'OHOMETPHCKE H XHnEP50nH'IKE 4>YHKItHJE

    I)arc ..' =
    II
    -IX, arc I' = ~ =0,017453; 1 rad=57°I,7'44,8"
    180 180

    2) sin'" = tga , I
    cos a = r.'=:=1':i="
    VI+lgla VI+Ig'a
    3) sin {~~)=sin a cos ~ ±cos a sin~; sin 2 a=2 sin a cos a
    ' 4) cos ("±fI) " cos It cos fI=Fsin a sin Il, cos 2a=cos 2 a- sin" a

    5) Ig (a±p) = tg a ± Ig PI c.lg (a ±fI) = ctg a ctg 1I'f l


    1=Flg,a lgfl ctg p±clg a

    cosa + cos~ = 2 cos a+ '- cos a;- p


    2 2
    a+1I a-II
    COl a-cosfl= - 2sin-sin-, Ig a±tg~= sin '( a±p) ,
    '2 2 cosacos fI

    7) sinn a=(;) sin acos·- 1 a-(; )sin'" cos" - 'a+(; )Si~'acOS"-' a- . ..


    cosn a 7 COS" a -(; ) sin' acos·- I a +( ~') sin~ a cos"-' a . ..

    8) Sin a;' 11 1- COl 2 a cos a= 111 'f-cos2,a


    , V 2 ' , , V 2
    9) a; sin a. ~ h : sin II = c : sin y; Q' = b' + c' - 2 be cos a.

    II) COl (-a)= 'COl a, sin (-a)= -sin a,,


    ,

    Cb ( - x) = Ch x, Sh ( - JC)'= - Sh 0:;

    12) piZl ~ cos x ±Isin x. cos x ~ Ch Ki, sin x = ~Sh xl,


    I
    119

    13) e,.Z<o.i=e', Z=X +/y = ,.'1'1 , T= Vx'+ y'

    1) f x" dx = x"·, +C',(n*-I)


    n+l
    2) fX -; =111 ex
    I,
    3) f e" dx=e' 4) f sin x dx = - cos x

    5) f cos x dx=sin x 6) f -dx


    - =tgx
    cost X

    7) f dx = arc Sin
    V I-x'
    . x 8) f_l-dx = arc tg x
    I +x'

    9) f Shxdx =Chx 10) f Chxdx=Shx

    11) f dx - J_ 1n I ~ I
    x"-o' 20 x+a
    12) f dx
    Va' - x· .
    arc sin -
    x
    a

    13)

    14)

    x ~ x
    15)
    f 1/ 0'- r dx= - Va'-x' .; - arc sin-
    2 2 a

    16)
    f . sm"xdx = -
    sin" -. x cos x n - 1
    n .;. -11-
    f. sm"-Ix dx

    17)
    f. COS" x dx =
    COS" -.
    n
    x sin x n- 1
    + -n-
    f cos"-' x dx

    ~ f'
    J
    18) sinm+ 1 xcos,,-l x n-l
    sin'" x cos" x dx;::; + -- san'".t cosn - J X rb
    m +n m+n
    cos(m i n)x - cos(m-n)x . (m ,on )
    19)
    I SIll ms cos IIX dx = - "':"':-'-'~'--'--
    2(m+n) 2(m-n)

    ~ ~. .1U.dIM II HTtrpUIiM iI OJ Op. 2 lpe6a Y3en1 JOLU H 0POH3IJOAHY KOKeTI8fY C.


    120

    20)
    f ·' .:)an m x sm nx d x - si'l l m-lI)x _ , ill (/I/ +n) x ,
    (/I/ * n)
    2 (", ,, ") 2( /I/ + n)

    2I) f cos III", co:-; n.\ dx -


    sill( m , ") .V
    2( m -n)
    + _S:.:ic:ll..!(::;/I/~-~"L) ;x=--
    2 (m ' n)

    22) Jl gXdX ~ - In cosx. 23) rclg In sinx dx = x

    24) J dx
    ~
    SIO X
    - Inlg - .
    2.
    x 25) J-cosx
    ax - Inlg (n
    - + -X )
    4 2

    26)
    J tg'x dx = ' tg": -. 'x -
    n-.1
    J I j!" - 'xdx

    x .- J gn- -x
    27)
    J t
    c g" x x - -
    n- I
    d Cign-I CI .. dX

    dx
    28)
    Jsin" = - x
    +- - (II-
    COS X
    I )si nn - ,x
    n- 2 J
    n- l
    dx
    sin n-Ix '

    29) ax: sin x n-- 2 J dx


    J cos· x: = (n - I)cos' - ' x + n- J COS"- " x '

    30) J sin;:m x dx - - xm cos X + m J X "" -I cos x dx I

    31) Jx~ cos x dx - xm sin x - m J xm - I sin x d.{,

    . asinbx -bcosbx eO. ,


    32) ( cQS" S1fl.hx dx =-
    .; --- at +b 2

    - u cos bx+ h sin bx


    33)
    J e llS" cos bx dx. =
    a' +b"
    e4 X

    34) J x'ei dx=e"[x'-nx'-' + n(n-I ) x"- ' - .. _+(-I)"n.IJ .

    dx I 2 ax + b
    35) J(ax'+bx + c)' = (n .- J)(4ac -b') (ax' .. hx t c)" , of-

    2(2n-3)0
    - (n-I)(4 ac - b')
    J . dx
    (ax'+ bx + c)"-' '
    (x) J dx
    J.Y
    p<m )
    36) elx = P("-' )(x) Ifax' + bx ... c + C V ' .
    ax l ~ bx . C • ax + bx T (
    121

    37)
    J . J
    Va x' l- bx + cdx-
    ax::!+ bx + c
    V
    ax:. ...· bx+ C
    dx,

    dx I
    38)
    J (x t a)Va x'·-bn c·
    x ±a = -

    39) JR( em' )lfx= ~ JR~l)dl;

    40) R(Sin X,COSx)dX-2J R( l 21 , 1--;') dz


    + z' 1+ z 1 · 2 l
    ;
    J l'

    tg" - = z. dx-
    X 2 dz . 2z 1- : '
    51O X= - , COS· X = - - .
    2 1+ z, 1+ , I -z~

    J ~(tg X)dX' R(~) ; tg ., = z, ctg x ~.; :


    41 ) JR(ctgX)dX, ±J dz
    1 + z'

    0) OIlPB"BBHH HHT1!rPAJlH
    a) 06",,"" "HTerpan"

    I) J
    ~

    dx = - ~ .
    " • · 7)
    f• -x +d1x -X"-I
    . 11: ,(O<n<l)
    a +bx' 2'(cib , SlDn1l
    0

    2) J~ sin a x dx -
    o x
    r~
    0'
    - ' / 1ft
    3>
    r>o a- 0
    a <O
    8)
    0
    •
    J t .... COSbxdX~
    42
    Q
    + bl
    ,

    :1)
    ~

    .
    rtg " dx
    x
    = ~
    2
    9) f•
    e-a:Jt sin b:( dx =
    b
    a' + b-'
    ,
    o·

    f.-'x.e'-' . dx=-1.
    tI

    • x'
    ~) J C-" dx ~~ 10)
    e"- 1 6
    0
    "•
    ,. f• x'
    I ,,4
    ) J c - tl X..-
    tI
    dx == -2"I V: II) '2 Cb/x~ 16'
    0

    "I"
    ~

    :' )
    .'
    I'
    r x" C- '" <Ix·..
    0"+ I
    (a > 0, II = 1.2... )
    122

    1
    ... 1 ·3·5 ···(2n - l )
    12)
    f
    -I
    _
    'i I -x'
    dx c
    2 · 4· 6 .. · 2n
    ".

    1 I
    x" or. ~.
    13)
    f• ( I - x)·
    d. _
    sin nn
    . (n' < I) . 14) fa re sin ( {x ) d" -
    •
    'f.- '/,~
    2·4·6 .. ·2n (n >0
    I!))
    f
    •
    sin ~ " "' J .r dx =
    f
    •
    cos:..+ 1xdx ==
    3· 5 ·7 .. · (2n +. I)
    ; •
    ueo 6poj)'

    ,,.. t ':..,s
    16) f sin'· xdx f
    ~ cos" xdx =
    1. 3 · 5 .. · (2n-l ) "
    2·4·6 .. ·2n '2;
    (n > O.
    lIeo 6 poj)
    • •
    1f1:,
    . I ml nl
    17)
    f
    •
    Sin'" + 1 x cos'·" x dx = -
    2 (m +. n +. 1)1
    .

    • •
    18) f In cos x dx = f In sin x dx· = - " In 2.
    o 0

    b) Cuel(HjlJlHH HHTel'p lJIH


    I) HHTerplJl CHHYC
    x
    sin 1 I .t' 1 x' I x'
    S/(x) =
    f• - , - d' = x - '3 . 31 '+ '5 . 51 - 7' 71 +. •. • . ( Ixl < oo)

    2) HHTerplJl KOCIIIIYC
    - .
    - d l - C+. ln x- [1
    - "x' I' ...-+. -1. xl_ - . " ]
    Cl.{x)--
    f
    •
    COS/
    1
    .
    -- -
    . .2 21 4 41 6 61

    3) H8TerpIJI JlorapHTu
    • 1 I (in x)' .
    Li(x)-
    f• -dl.C +. lnllnxl+.lnx +. - ..
    Inl 2 21
    +

    I (In x)'
    +-. + ... ,
    3 31
    123

    I) EnllnT\{~KH HHTerpanH

    (/I "

    f
    o
    \ (I - 1')( 1- k' F) - f
    f)
    d '?
    V I -h'si n:'r
    = F (6.k1

    • (,

    b) Ilpyre BpcTe
    f
    V 1 -k'l'
    VI - I'
    dx ~ J,·r.'I---'t"','''si-=-n' '4' d,-I; (f),1.)
    " o o
    cj nomYHH HHTerpanH

    5\ =F ('I,1{,k)-.!!.. [ 1+ (_I )'kl + (~)' ... + (I ,3, 5) k'+ .. , ], k'< :


    - 2 2 2' 4 (2 ' 4 . 6)

    ~ = E(,/1"'k)=.2'..[I_(_I)'~' _ (~)k'
    2 2 I 2 . .4 3
    _ (J(2 '· 3·5)
    4 . 6)
    k'
    .,
    ] ;

    k j e MOllyn HHTerpana,

    c) npH6nH)I(HB KBIlAPaTypa

    b-a
    1) Tpaoes!lo npllBHno b-a =h, - ~II, f'=;(-'i. " =(b)
    n
    •
    J
    a
    /( x) dx "" II [ 'I. y • .; :~>. + ~/oY.)

    2) CHMDCOHOBO opaBRJ\O
    b

    a
    J/(X)dX""'/,II[Y. + 2~>I.+4~t '·_ 'I. y,,]
    3) <l>0pKyna 'fe6HllleBa
    I .

    o
    J I (x) dx "" {U(O, 14\;4/) +1(0,51.) + t (0,853(;1) i

    4) <l>0PMY na rayca
    I

    J
    o
    lx) dx"",I[0,0278/(0,1l271) + 0,4444 (0,5;, , 0,0278/(0 88i ' )\,
    _ _ _--I
    124

    H) 05H'IHE IlH<I>EPEHUHJAnHE JEIlHA'IHHE


    a) npBor pella

    I) J I( X)dx - J 'P(Y ) ' dY ' C;


    ydx -xdy : y - Cx .
    2) X O.u orellD no x H y ; CMe Ha y coo Xl
    dx
    ~);
    dz
    y' - {( Y' ·~ /(Z) = l I- XZ'; -= ,
    x f(z)-:
    dx dz
    xi - ,X +- y=u; x - 2: - 1:

    3) Jlulleaplla y' ·,Py = Q;


    CMe Ha y= uv ;
    U'" i- uv· ..... Pu v= Q- u'v + (v' + Pv)u;
    dv{v - - Pdx

    y 'C o~x+'y ~ in x= 1 ; jI + Py - Q; P _ tgl: ; Q= 1/cos,( : y=sl nx+ C cos ,t.


    •
    4) Bernaulli·jeaa y' .,. Py = Qr ; P - P(x); Q=Q( x);

    1 In x
    Z'-- z--- '
    x x '

    5) Riccoli-jeBa y' + PI + Qy' - R ; P; Q; R=f,(x).


    ~= napTHKyJlapHH HHTerpaJl; y =z+ q; y'-Z" + q'j
    z' + (P + 2 Qq) z+ Qz'=O jep je q/ + P~+ Qq·':".R - O
    Bernoulli-jeBa z'+(P+2Qq)z--Qz·.
    1 cos x . . - sl n.r
    . y'- 1 si nx cosx Y+ l-si nxcosx y= ... - l-sinxcou ; f)-tOU
    .
    -cos.'! I c+cos x
    • 1+2 co~.x z"
    l - l - sinx C O~ Xl- I - slnx cos x ~,
    u- -; u'+Pu=Q;
    z y-TtC,jnx '.

    6) Co iiiOWOJlHU .W llucpepeuqujoJlO .... - 0) Pdx+Qdy-O;


    au au
    P - I(x ;y );. Q - 'f(x;y) ; dV- Pdx+ QdY - ox dx+ ~y dy=O;

    • av. Q au op oQ. V(x,' y)=C


    P.- Ox ' = "y' "y - ox '
    125

    u= f Pdx+ J[Q- ~fl'dxldY=C,


    (2 . -:l y) dx+(2y-;lx) dy~O: ,)P,,)y = - , I=')Q '~x:

    (.'= f ('l.t -JY) dx+ [[(2Y-:IX)- :y(X'-JXY)ldY~X' -:I."'+"+C,


    b) HnIDerpal/uouu "IulluJlali.
    lJ'dx H,Qdy - 0; iJ ()"P)fiJy - iJ()"Q)ftJx

    ~
    iJP iJ)" ,
    )" -;-
    y
    - -iJQ)
    d"
    iJ)"
    + Pdy- - Q- =0'
    iJx'
    rnaplIHlanHa) '
    ,
    d)" _ (iJP/dy) - (iJQ/dx) d '
    ),, =),, (x) ; )" Q x,

    A=),,(y);
    en.. u (iJP/iJ'y)-(iJQ/iJx) d '
    )" -P y,
    d. dx dy 1 I
    _ - - 2 - :.-. -2_:).,\_ ).'-::1"
    ). .It y .lt l ' r

    7) y=f(x,y')=t(x,p}; p=y'; dy=pdx,

    dy - pdx - (iJ"ox )dx + (o"op )dp ;

    P~'I'(x,C); y=;(x,C),
    '",
    y - 2px+'/,<'+p': p - (C-x)"l: y-(C'+2Cx-.'l/~,

    8) x-t(y, y')=.t(y, p); p=y'; dy=pdx;

    dx'=(iJ"iJy)dy+(iJl/dp)dp; dp
    dy = [ pI ' - dy, : 0/] (0/)'
    '5ii ;
    p=<p(y;C); x=S(y;C) "
    I_p2 .
    x_ ~ y: 2Cx=y'-C'"

    9) Lagrange-eaa y - P:c+Q; p c f(P); Q-'.(p); pay'


    d' ' d' , dP , dO '
    Y'_P_P'x~+P+Q'-1!...; P' - ; 0' =-
    dx dx dp dp
    P' _ rY
    x'- dx ,
    x'+ - - x ..... ~ (nHHeapHn) x.'+P.t-f.,l:
    ' P-p P- p dp
    y-Px+Q ' <
    OflWTH ~HITerpiln
    x-e - f Ptp [C +/Q e fr."lp)
    y- p',t+p: P'=2p; Q'-I: P ., 2(p-ll: Q~-IJ'- pI:
    x = IC - p+lnpl/(p- l)': y=p'x+p,
    126

    10) Clalrou/·oBa y=px+Q; P=p; Q={(p).


    . dp dp '(x+ Q') =0.
    y'-p=(x'+ Q')- +p;
    ax dx

    p -C jy=cx+Q(C) (OOWTH HHTerpan).


    .y=px+Q

    b) x+Q'=O y=px+Q )y - cx+Q(C) (C"HrynapHH HHTerpan) .


    O-X+ Q' O- p+Q'(C)
    f' •
    I y-Cx+C-> y - .. .I:.
    o_x_c-a
    II) (p) _ p.p• .;. p._,p.-'+ .... +P,P-I;p.-O; p=y'; /,. - ((x.y).
    PewHTH no p; CHcreM jeAHa.HHa.
    1
    !(P )_ .p'+(y - ")p - 1.y_O; p!, - - -
    •
    (y-' I • .t'-C) ('y - C) - D.

    b) BHwer peA.

    \) F[x.y·,y'· •... yCo lJ- O. CMeHOM i - Pi y"-p'-dp{dx CRH>KaBa ce


    pel'. sa I pnYHaro no p.
    2) F [x. y('). y(H') •••.• y" )J-O; y(O)= z; 4> [x. z. l' ... z(·-OlJ-O; CHH>KaBa
    pel'. 3. k jeAHHH.ua.
    3) F[y.t.y" •... y,(·)J - 4>[y.P.q', ...•. qCO-I)J- O; p=y'; q' - dp/dy.
    4) F [x, y, )1'.... ,f")J =' 0, XOHoreHi no y, y'•... , y, yCo);
    y_~f'.,; y' :"' zy; .
    y"=(z'+z')y; y'''a.(z'+z''
    ,' .
    +.3zz') y; ...
    nOCTIje 4>[x,.>,l',.,. ,z:"-')J=O. .,, '. '
    I, • ,',. ', .~ ; ,.
    1 y' -,.. - 6x1'= y'(("+%')-. z'-6x) =D ;
    ',_,IU,= (.~x' + c 1 JC:.
    5) F(Y(·-'),.f")j= 4> (z,z') =0; y(·-I)=z.
    6) F(y(ft-Il,y(o)J = .,,(z,zoo) = O~ )/(0-1) = z.
    7) y" = (y); 2y'du2dy; 2y'dy' = 2(y)dy;'
    1"-J2(y)dy+C, =,,(Y)+C.; y'= h(y) + C, = dy/dx;
    x+C, =f dy/ V,(y) + C,.
    127

    8) ·XoMorcHn CJ KOHcrahTHHM KoeIjJHUH]eHTHMa:


    . +A.y"l + . . . ~A,y ' -.- A.y;
    •
    LA.y"l=O,
    o
    y= Cc~ · ;( ;
    t\ n p:tKTepBCTI-14 Ha je A H3 q H Ha

    K('-);A.~n+A._,'-"-'+
    " >"'=O;
    ... + A, '-+A.; LA. '-" . .. >.,. ... '-•.
    o
    It l,x )....X )..l. }.,.x _ ~ "
    Pewelh e Y;LC,e =C,' +(.,e + ... -tCn' - kY"
    r=1 • . ,.:; \

    ?"+3y"-y'-3y=O; )..'+3)..'-).. - 3:0; ).., ; 1; - 1; -3 ;

    0) npOCT KopeH Y - C eA,x.


    , -, I

    (o+ j:J)x .
    c) KOlhyrooaHo KOMnneKCHH Yr::': C,. e I

    y,+ y,~ IC,(co s.~x+ i sin ~x) + C, (cos ~x - 1sin pxll;


    = .a.IA cos ~x + 8 ·sin prj
    d) Kopel! moor pella
    eO< [(A, + A, x + A,'x' + . _, + Am-x m-') cos ~ x + (8, + B, x + - - -+
    +8Mxm-')sin~x)
    )..,=1; 2; 2; 2; 3±i; (-2+4/)'; (-2-4/)'
    y = C, e' + (C,+ c, x + c. x') e" + eO' (C, cos x + C,sin x) +e-"(C, + C,x+
    + C, x') cos 4x + (C,.+ CII x+ C,.-"')sin 4x)_
    9) HexoMoreHa ca KOHCTaHTHHM KoeljJHUHjeHTHMa

    ,\ ' (x) = L" A.y(kl;t(X); ·y=Ey,+Eq;


    o
    y. = OnWTIt HHTcrpan XO'lOreHe; q napTHKyJlapHH HHTerpaJl
    HeXOMoreHe,
    0) f(x);c; q(x);A
    b) f( x)=P~(x); q(x );P,(x); s; m+ v ; v 11300D, fI'JHH lKer pella
    Oil H(x);O;
    .-,
    ~) f(x);e m ,; m#)..;
    d) f(x) ;e m, ; m;)..'; Il =AX'e"'''';
    sin mx;
    e) I(x); { cosmx; mi :F A; q= I1 . . .lIrnx +Bcosmx; I= y-=-r;
    12

    SIn mx,
    f) I (x) = [ cos mx; nu =' A' ,- ~; x' (A' si n mx + B co~ mx)

    Il) f (x) ; """?(x ); y = e"" z; y' ; (m z +z')e"" ; y" ; (z"+2m,'+

    + m' z) e''''; N (x) = '::8,z") = P (x ),


    y" '+ 3y" -Y-3y = 3i:l+ lOsl n 3.r; ),'+3)..2- ),, - 3=. 0 : Ar= l ; - I ; -3 :

    I'}I= P:~ a r: +bx + c ; rt:=A sin 3.t+ Bcos 3x

    I) BEI(TOPCI{O PA'IYHAIbE

    a) BeKTopCKa aJlre6pa

    I)
    -~ -+
    a+ b = b+ a = s,;
    -+ -to -+
    '. -. -. '. -+ -)
    'b=b, i+b,j+b.k;
    - ~ ....

    ... """'t- ........ -) ...,. ....

    s = s.i +s. i +s, k = (a , +b,) i +(a, + b, )j +(a, + b,)k;

    2)
    "

    b = Aa;
    .. b. = )"a,; by = M,; b, = Aa;

    3)
    ..
    a = a = (a3:r+a2y+aSr)lit ;
    ..
    a.:= 1.

    4) cosa = a, fa; co s p = a,/a; cosy - a,/a; , , ,


    ,
    c o~' a ,+ cos' ~ + cos',r - (a,' + 0': -j- 0,')/ a> ~ 1;
    • ~' r
    -. -. -, -) -) -t ...... . •
    " .. 0 0, = a,i + a, j +a,k - a (i cosa+ j cos ~ + k cos r),
    -, -jo -+ ...,
    a, - i COSa + j cos p + k cos y;
    ~- -)-.
    5) (0 b) -ab cos (a, b) = ob cos &= o. b.+ Oy b,+a, b,;

    6)
    - ) -~

    (a aJ = a';
    ,,' . .. -+
    (ii)=(jiJ - (kk)-I ;
    .... ....
    (i j) _ (j k) - (k i); 0 :
    'H ' ...
    7.)
    . ..-.
    -(a- ...,.b) -Cba); - )-, , .
    (a, b + c) = (a bJ+(ac);
    _H .... ....
    (l.. a, b) = 1.. (0 b) ,
    .•• -+
    129

    ... -+ ...
    4-+ 4 i .i k .... ... -;* ... .. : ~

    8) [ab]=e= a,. 0.1 G,


    -r. i+e y j + e,k - (absin6) · n; n.la.
    -+ ... -+
    b. by h, n.lb; 10 1= I.

    a" . a. ay ,
    b, • (, = b. b, .
    -+ -+ -+-t -+-+ ... ... -) -+ -....... - .
    9) [abj=-[baj; [iij-k; [ikl - i ; [kij=L
    '
    -+-+ ~ -+-+
    [i i]-lijj=[kkl=O.
    <4 -+ -+ -+-+ -+-+ -+ .... -+ -+ .
    10) [a.b+c]a[ab]+[ae]; [>, a.b]=),.[abj.

    a. 0)1 a,
    -+-+-+ -+-+ -+ ....... -.
    \1) (a[bcJ)-(b[ea])=(e[ab]) - b. by b.
    c. ( '1 C,

    .........
    (i[jk])=l.
    -+ -.. -+-+
    12)

    13)
    (a b)'+ [a b]' =a' b';
    ...
    ~a b ) =O 0pTOrOH3nHOCT; [a
    - ..
    b]=O KOJlHHeapHocT H oapaJleJlHOCT;

    .~ -+-+ "
    (a [b ell = 0 KOMnJl3I1apllocT'.
    - t~ - .... . . -+- ) -+
    14) [a [b ell ={a e)b -- (a b)e
    -+ -+ 4-+ - t... :~ ... . -+-+
    15) ([ab]. [ed])=(iIC) (bd)-(ad) (be)
    ....... -+-+ ,'...... -+-+ - +0 , ) ••
    16) [[ab]. [edJ]=c(a[bdlJ-d(a[bcj).

    b) AHaJlHTH'IKa reoMeTpHJa
    - -+ -+ ... _+ _). -t - ).
    I. Ta."a - I) OM=r=xi+yj+zk - r(icosa+jcosj!+kcosy); AI(x;}' ;:)'

    -.
    2) M,(r,) ; M,(r,);
    ...
    -) ---+ -) -+
    d';' M,M, =
    .
    r, - r , ;
    d _ [(x,_x,)'+(YI-Y,)'+(z, - =,)']'h
    -] .

    3) TpaHcMl\>lja eMCTe"a
    ... _l . ) •• - . -4 • -+ • -+
    . r ~ rA+ p ; ::i +yj + :k=(a+Oi I· (b+~)j+(c+~)k
    130
    -.. ..... .......... ..... .....
    4) POTaItHja y paaHH b-acos'P+(ka)sinl'; Ibl-Ial;
    ..... -+ ~ , -+.... ....
    i'- i cos'P+i sln'P; j = -i sin 'p+j co~'p.
    -+ --+ --+ -+ -t ... -..... -t -~ -to
    II. PUGH - . I) OM-OP+PM-pn + p=r; (rnl-p; n-icosa+jcoSll+
    -+ -+-+
    + keosy; (r 0) -p _r cosa+ .y COS ~ + z COS y - p = O.
    ... ...,. - ..... -+
    2) q=qo~A i+Bj+Ck: $~pq= -D=p(JI'+B'+C")'1'
    -+-+
    (rq) -lcJlx.f"By+Cz+D-O;
    ~ y z -D -D ·-D
    a'+b"+c=l: ao; --:.1-: b- T : e- C '
    -+
    3) Pallu Kp03 TpH TnKe M, (r,): 1- I, 2, 3
    ---to -_ -. -. -+ ~ ..... -+ .....
    (M M, [M, M M, M,ll - (r - r,fr,-r,. r. - r,]) =0.
    "
    -+
    4) Yrao H3Me~y pasHH R; (n.). i c 1,2; a = cos a, ...

    = A, A.+B, Ba+C, C,
    (A,'+B,'+C,')'I•. [A.'+B,'.+ (.'.'l'~
    ......
    ... .....
    J. (0, n.) =,(q, q.) - A, A, +.:;, 8.+ 'I C, - 0
    •
    -+ . ~ -+ -+ .
    II [o,n.)=(q,q.)=O; A.tA.=B,/D.=C,/C•.
    -, -+
    5) PI3A,11JbHHa nqKe M, (r,) Oil paBuH R(o).
    .......
    -, -+ -+ ... ) (r, q)-s. A.x, + By, + ez, + D·
    (r,o)=p+d; d s (, n -p . ~ -
    ~ . q .. (A'+B' ~C!I'I•
    ..... -+-+-+-+-+
    III. npa8a I) M,(r,); L(u~xi+~j+yk): lui-I

    , ..
    -' ..
    ...p-).u-ai+bj+ck:
    ' .. ~ .. .~

    (,-r"p)_1);
    ..... .
    x-x, y-y. .z-ZI
    -~- - II = . p'=o'+b'+c'.
    D t I
    131

    ~....

    2) ,M.(,.); M.(,.); p = ,.-,,;


    ........ -t •• ~~

    [, - F"
    .... -
    ', - ',] =0,
    ~)

    .... -to -to . ~ -.


    3) M, (,,); 1=1, 2, 3; \f. - f" f,- f,j ~ O

    ... .. (p, P. )
    ... -.
    4) L,(p,); L,(p,); eos &= =
    +~ + (2 )':' , (a' 2.l~'
    I b' t ( 2)'I. '
    P, p, ( alt il

    ... ...
    .1 (P, p,)" a, a, + b, b. + c, c, = 0;
    . . ..
    II" , pal - 0';
    (P, a,ia, = b,lb. = c,/c.,
    -t ..
    5) Pa3A8JbHHa TaqKe M. (f,) 0.8; npase L (p)
    .... .,. "1'
    <fI = (r. sin 'II)' = (f. u]' = (f, p ]'/p',

    6) YKpwTeHe (... MoMnasHe) npaBe L, (P,). L, (p,)


    -. ..
    l' .... .... + 1 ' ' ' '''' -. . . . ,
    f, + A, p, +1= f,+>-. p,; (p, p,] = (p, p, sin 'II) u; 1= I u;
    .... -+.... -+ -to -t- ..... l' ... -to .-+ 4o..... -t
    I=f,-f,+)."p,-)."p,; (/[p,p,j) = (s(p,P.]); l = f . - r ,

    ... -+ -+ ... ...


    ~)' Hyn'Ta npa~ [r - f, "7)." P,,' (p, P.lI = 9:
    -t-+ -+ -+ -. -.
    AI= , -+ -t
    (p, p,]'
    1 (sp,) (p, p,)
    -+-+
    (sp,) •
    p,
    }, '" ......
    [p, Pa]'
    1 (s'p;)
    " -+
    (s p,) (p, Po)
    .. -.
    pI

    -t
    8) npeceK P(P) opas.x L, (p', l; ; = 1; 2
    -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ .... .-+ -+
    1=0; (s(p,P.]) =0: s=r,-f.; p=r,+A,p,=r,+A,p.,

    IV, npasa H'paBaH, - I ) R, ; (fq,)-S,=O; ;=1; 2;


    ......
    npaBa Kao npeceK paSHH

    4 Jt·,r -n,u .6. Y - .1,• . z


    =- .. 11 = -; to lJ - _I A, B, I' A, B.

    "'. ",,=
    •
    -".. 1
    6 11 =
    A, C, , A, 0, B, C. d t4 ;- B. D.
    613=
    A., C. • A. 0 , 1 ; B, ,C,, ' B. 0,
    132

    2) Yrao H3"' ~y L (p) H R (1])


    ~ .
    .....
    tOs(qp)=sin 9 = Aa + Bb + Cc; 1.. Aa +Bb+Cc= O; II A/a=B/b=C/c.
    .
    3) npoJl.op P (p) IIPaBe L (p) KP03 paoa" R (q)
    ~ ..
    -t' -+ -+..... ...........-+
    (rq) =s; r = r, + ).p; (r.q) +).( pq) ~s;

    -+ •
    .... ... ...... .... (rtq) -s .... ,
    p = r,+).p =r,-. -+..... •
    p.
    (I' q)
    ... ... ...... -10 ........
    (r - r. [r, - r•• p]) = O.
    4) R Kp03 M. (r.) H L (p)

    5) L Xp03 "', H .1 Ka R (q)


    -t .......
    [r - r,. qj =0.

    6) L Kp03 M, II L, (PI)
    . .. ... ..
    [r- roo PI]= O.

    7) L ' KpOS M, 1. LI (Pa)


    ..
    c) BeKTopcKa aHanHaa
    .........
    1) "="(I) = xi + yj +zk;
    .. ...... x ~x (I); y=y(/); :=;:(1).
    ..... .:.......... . -+ • • • •
    2) dv/dl =v= x i+ y j +z k; "'=x'+ y'+ z' .
    d ........ .:.~ .......
    -+... .... d ....... . ... -t
    3) di"(ob) = (r.b) +(ob) ; - (00)=2(0, 0) ; 10(1) I= consl; a J.. '• .
    dl-
    . d' ...... -+ -+ .... ..;.
    4) d,[ob)=[ob] +[ob] .
    d ... -+ ... .... -+ ... -+ -+.... .~ .... ..;
    5) dl(o[bc]) =(o [bc]) +(a[bc]) + (a[bc] .

    d ........... : ...... .... ~-+ -+ .... ~


    6) 'd/[a[b c]]=[a[bclJ +[o[bc)]+[a[bcJl .

    '!d
    7.) V' = 1 - +"!lJ
    ) -+ "'cJ
    k-;
    cJx lJy cJz
    -tcJU -tcJU ~lJU
    8) grad U = \J U = i - +j - T k-; [[ = - grad U (xyz) .
    lJx Qy cJz
    133
    -+
    9) div v = (j)v,/j)JJ,f-(j)v,/~y) ;- (j)v.lj):Z)~(vv):
    div g rad U =d U.
    -+ -+ -+
    I j k
    10) rot
    -+ -.
    v ~ [v vJ =
    j) d j)
    ~x j)y ~l

    rot grad U- [vvl U =O;


    - v, v, v,

    -+ -+ -+
    o div rot v= (v[vvJl c O
    ... ... -+ ..... ...
    rot rotv = [v[v vIJ Egrad dlv v-Avo

    d) nHcjlepe~HjaJlHa reoJteTpHja
    ... ..... -to ... ...
    I) , ~ x i + y j + l k ~ , (I) ;
    -+ . . . . . . . . -t
    d , ~ i dx + j dy + k dz; Id, I= ds;
    . . .h
    ds = [dx l + dy' + d:>],/. C [Xl + r + zar dl_
    2) npHpO.llHH TpHje.llap

    r- •
    -+
    d, .. -+
    K-KN= dT
    -+ .d'( ;
    - __ ..
    . ..
    _0 d,- T ds;
    ds' 'ds ds'
    .. -+

    B- [T NJ _1. [d' d"J


    K ds ds ; ,'
    3) KpHBHHe

    -+efT -+
    -. ... dB
    -+
    ... 1 ~......
    K=-=KN; \3:- - - ± \3:N - - (d'Id', d"J);
    ds ds K'd"
    ... dN
    ... ......
    Q- - --KT - \3:B; Q' _ K' + ~'_
    ds
    4) <l>pcHeo8H 06paCu,H

    dT
    ...
    ...
    ·~ dN
    ..-t ... dB
    -. ..
    - cc K-KN; - - -KT- ~B; - - ±V1.
    d .' ds d.

    5) JCJ1HaQHHe Y TOqKH M, (r,)


    ..
    1114

    TlHrellTe
    ~

    1'-'•. TI= 0;
    ~ -
    ~) .... ~ of ..

    Hop.lane 1'_ '". :--11;1,-'" <I"lmO;


    .... ...... ......... '-
    6AnopNane I'-c" 1l1=1,-r.ldr d',lI=O;
    ... .... • -t ...

    «( - f c' T)=(r-" •.d,) =O;


    ... -t ........... -t ......

    (r - f,IT Nj)-(,- " Idr d'rIJaO; .

    peKTHcjI"K.lIIHOHC paSHH
    .. ..... .......
    (r-"ITB]) = O.

    6) noapwHHa
    f(xyz) - O; z='I'{x,y)

    df - ~f d%+~f iJy+~1 dz - O; dz=pdx+qdy;


    tJx iJy~z

    p c - (tJ fltJx)/(iJ I/o z;


    Monge·ose 03HaKe
    p = iJ'/iJx; q=iJlliJy; , = iJ'zlox' ; s=tl'zltlxtly; t=tl'z/tJy'.

    "'01 ·tJl "~f ...


    7) grid I ~ i ~ + I' - . + k - - I grad II n'
    tJx tJz · OZ .'
    ... ..... ....
    n-ai.,j-ili +yk
    ..(,- ..'t. ~1a.d4) - 0 ;

    1I0PKa... aoapwHH e
    ... ..
    [r-r.. gradlleO.
    XII. OCHOBM HYMEPH4KOr PAlJYH tb
    CA npl1BJlvDKHMM BPE.llHOCTM, \
    'if OmopHocTH MSTepHjaJIa Y oA pe~'He
    06pacue YHO(""O 3U,aHe
    6polHe BpeAHOCTH H HanalHoeo 6poJKe speAKOCTH TpO",eHW> BenM~"H •.
    MHor. Koeq,HuH ]eIlTH, Kao Na npHMep e-
    2 1 . 10' N/ cm'. O. A06Huj y ce
    onllTO.. Hnw Mepe,.,e" 3 jaB.lba ce ' _ecro " 6poj .,,:'" 3.141 6927 . . .• RT./l.
    na nOWTO nOA_UH HHCY _nconYTHo nqHH He .. o>l< e ce If K OqeKlta.TH AI
    he pe3ynTaT 6HTH _ncon YTHo TaQatl.
    P.MHKa H3"e~y Tn"He (N) R opH6nHlKHe BpUNoeT" (n) HUNBa co
    allcanymHa rpeUlKa m. upuonu H" speRM oemu
    ~ c N - n.
    OHa HMa AHMeH3H1Y HCTY Kao Ii 6pOjeSH N H n_ MOlKt 6HT" nOJHTMO/U
    H lIH HeraT H OHa .
    AK O Ifa n pllMep u3MepuMo npeQHHK UHnlt H.IlP.l 7 4 111m en rd lfllo why AO
    1 mm 0llA3 ce npe"HHK Kpehe Y rp.HRU..... 73,5 < d < 14.5, T). ancon YTlla
    <.
    rpc;w Ka je y rpaHltn..ra· - O,5 < G 0,5. 11 julia apeAftOCT anconyTH~
    '.. ."
    rpewKe 6_ =A j e '0,5 mm H 308e ce aDcoAyillHa 8P~4"oc11i rp~UJ.e M".
    r optoO rpaHu~a aUeoAy mHe r pClUlit. noWl'O ce rpcUJIU II "etTO " e 110 ••
    oueHHTH TO ce y8el< paqYKa ca rpU HUO.. ,nc:onyne rpeWKe ICojil cc
    .paTKo HaSHsa .. aCOAymHo rpeU"'6 ("'). T•• Ha _peA"OCT 6poj. (N) nA.'.
    ce OHAll Y p831<aKY
    n - A<N < n +
    Cn 6po]e.. n - ... nOA6nUHIIH C"O 6poj N 8 ca 6 poJe.. n + ... npe6aUM ...
    c ..o 6po] N. Spaj N rpeCl. anpoKC:H .. HPJTH OHM" 0A 6po)c 11 - . . . . n+A

    kQjH i!JIje ... o..y anCOJlYTHY .peAHocT rpewke ... . TakO "3 npH.. ep 6poj 'I•
    .. olKe"o anpoKCHMHPaTH Clpolc8K ... 0.3333 H 0.3334. 'if npeo .. C:"7".jy Ie
    r pe w •• + 'I •. 10- ' I Y Ap y ro" - ' /. ' 10- ' . flpe.. 4 TO"e Tp~a 6po) 'I.
    yseTK npH6nH lKHo "" . eTMpH ACUH ...lle y 06n.J<Y 0,3333. j ep je I nCOJl yna
    r pew •• no .nconYT"oj opell llOCTH .•• ,.a
    H He IIl"OCM 'I. 0:>' nps l~Kc .. a·
    peKe UMq,pe Clpoja 0.33333; rj. y 080" cnyqajy pHMJM.O 3ll Clpoj 'I • • pU·
    "OCT Koja nOACI. uyje ( D ao~pyr"ofJa,.~ opoj.lJa). Y CJl yq3jy Clpoja '1. yxhcllo
    SpeAROCT 0,6667 y"ecTo spellllocTIt C,6666, jep Ie .nc01lyT.' speA"OCT
    r peWKe ... 0"'0. Y 0801< c.. o cny . jy yJ'JI~ ~ 61'0) ' / , 'pCA~OCT Koja up'"
    6auyjc (lfOp .. mypo).
    136

    113 OBHX npHMepa H3BO.zr.HMO ooaj 3aKJbY4aK : AKa, ie upaa 3alleMa·


    p" "a quq,po Ma,.a oa 5 IDpeoo Y3eIDu apeJlHocaJ '.oia Uoa6aqYle (3aoKpyr.
    n,aealbe) a aKa i e Upaa SOHeMopella qurjJpa aeha all 5 IDpe6a Y3eIDu
    f. pe.<lIoeal "aio upe6 aqyie (KopeKTypa).
    AnconYTH a rpeWKa He .zr.aje npeTCTaoY a eTeneHY Ta 4HOCTH caMor Me·
    pelba. Ha npHllep, aKa H.MepHMO .zr.ylKHHy rpe.zr.e 2.75 m OH.zr.a je .nCOIIYTHa
    rpeWKa 0,01 m = I cm na H3HOCH 0,36'1, . AKa npe4H IlK lKHlle H3HoeH
    4 mm ca Ta4Howky 0,1 mm OH.zr.a je anconYTHa rpeillKa 0.1 mm, ij.
    0,01 cm, WTO H3HOCH 2,5'1. Oll npe4HHKa. 360r Tora ce npH pa4YHalbY
    yaOJlH p ... alliualla ,rpeUJI(O Koja npeTCT88Jba KOnH4"~K aneollYTHe rpewKe
    H TaqRe Bpe.zr.HocTH N, O.zr.1l0CHO npH6nHlKHe BpeAHocTH n, nOWTO npaa
    HHje n0311aT8
    8 = _
    &
    =N- n ~
    N-n
    :.:.....c:.
    N N n
    OBa ce rpeWKa pe.zr.OBHO H3palKaBB Y .npoueHT"Ma HIIK npOMHIIKMI

    _ &'
    t:S -
    100 ./
    " t =-
    o . 1000 ' / 00 '
    n n
    TnRa BpellHocT 6poja MOllie ce "anHCaTH Y OOOM 0611HKY

    N=n + o=n (1 +e).


    Jla 6H ce Y04H"e rpaHHue rpewKH npH611HlKHH 6pojeBH nHwy ce TaKa
    Jl.a ce 33.zr.plKaBajy Ta4He uHcjlpe H npoa cYMIbHBa aKO anCOIIYTHa rpemKa
    HMje Beha 0.0. j e.zr.Hltll ue peAa CYMIbHBe UH<!>p e. T aKo Ha npHMep 2,2:;4 m'
    8UaqU Aa cy npse TpH UHcjlpe T04He a 4eTspm je cYMIbHBa. KaKo je
    ,s <
    -;,p,99l..m' 0,004 TO 3HaqH .zr.S cy OCTalle UHcjlpe 0.zr.,6aQeHe. no .lp~jy
    QHtjiapa Mory ce YTBPllHTH 'H rpaHHue penaTHoHe rpeWKe. TaKo' KQ:II. mpo·
    qurjJpeHor Qenor 6poja ca npBOM UK<!>POM 1, Ha npHMep 145, ancontrita ' je
    rpewKa Malba 0.0. 1, na je penaTHoua rpewKa Malba Oll 1'1., Ko.a, COHX
    OCTL'lHX QellUX TpOUHtPpeuHx '6poJeea penaTHBHa je rpewKa Idalba OA '/,'/••
    KOA QeIIHX .eIliBopoqu!/JpeHux 6pojeBa ca npoo" UHq,pOM 1, Ha nplIlICp
    1267, pe.iUlTIIBlla rpewKa je <
    1'/.. a KOA CBHX OCTlnHX QeTBOpoI1H·
    q,peBHx lteJIHX 6pojeoa je <
    '/,'1.. ,
    npH paqy"alhY ca npH6nHlK8HM 6pojeB,"Ma H3Mehy ce Aoe OpCTt
    npoM.... :
    1) H3 rpeUlal(o Uo.aalDaKa oapellulUu rpe/uKy pe3YJllilalila, II 06pKyTO
    0.4 JfJ%ikSOHe .'lUa.Hoc/llu pe3YJllUalU0 OIlP'J/ulDu KoioM lUa'HaelUu IUpef)a
    yaeIDa 101lalUlte, H
    11) C"paheHu.tC pO.YIII/M OIlPtP.ulilu iJPU6AUJ/CIIY spe/llloeUl peJYJlIDolUa.
    npH OOOMe KOPHCTHMO ABa oeHOBHa npaBHna paqy"alb. , ca npH·
    611HlIC811M 6pojeBHMa Koja rnace:
    I' Ta.,.oeID apuillMelUu./tux paa"'u u IDa.Hoelil .aOlDU'HUX o6po,3aqo
    .Mop'ajy ,oqmU y carnoclloemu CO lUe'Ho/Uhy Uo.aqlDal(a u l1la,"o/Uhy 1(010 Ct
    3axl1l~lJtl OA pe3YJlliiali{o,
    2" NaAu UpupaUJUlaiu lIeK. senU,UHe JlopoiY ce U3pe'Yllasaalu He ·
    OocpeJ/HO ua6.rosoiyhu U3ptNYllasa'be ollrosapoi yhux spellHacalu caMe ae·
    ..Iu'IUllt.
    137
    I. OJl.PI!1UIBAlbl! rPEWAKA PEaynTATA

    Ca6Rpalbe. - HeK. cy Ta4He BpeAKOeT"

    OHAa je
    (N,+N.+N.+ " .)-(n,+n,+n.+ .. ·) ~ a,+6.+a.+ ...
    1\ ~ 1: N,-1: n, -1: Ii,
    Tj.: A DcoAym". rpewKo .pUmMemU."Or :l6up. jeA".". ie aJlr.6.paoM 36up'l
    aDcoJlytnHfix rpew."a ca6upolla.
    KaKo je

    TO je

    Tj.: fop",a rpaHuqa aOCOAymHe rpew"e apUmM.mU."Or 36up. Hule a.ha 0.11.
    36upa roplOur rpoHuqa oUcoJf)'li1nur rpeWQKCJ ca6upoliD.

    2) OAyaHMalbe. - HeKa je N, = n, +8,


    N, -N, ~(n, -n.)+(5 . - ~,) ,
    "
    na je
    .,,' . ··0 ''';' ' ..
    Tj. : AUeOAym". 'rpew"a pa3AuKt IUHaKa it p.SAU~U .OeoAyQlHux rp.w ..a
    YMOfbeJWKQ U y.MQltuoqa.

    AKO ey 5, H 5, uemor 3Kaka OMAa je 6\ IOlbe OA IUljeehe .ncOJIyne


    rpewKe. HajKenoBolbHHjH j~ eAy.. j aKO cy 8. " 8. p.3AD'IlImOr 3M••" nl
    Y3H ... ' An je

    .
    TJ.: fop"'. rpaHuqa .ueol/ym"e rp.w". pG3Aun IUHalt" I. !16aPI ropMu
    rpaHuqa aOCOJlymHUX rpewa". YMa"'.Hu". u YMaMuoq •.

    3) MHo)l(elbe. - npOlO80A 6pojeea 6J1HCKRX jeAHKHI.\H .rpl _II}'


    yAory y nope~elby co npH6J1H lKHO" aptAHOCT.....
    HeK. ey <X 0 ~ n09HTOOH" HJlH lIeraTMBMR Ael.\" ... JlHH PUJlO .. UK Bp.!O
    "aJlK }' nope~eH'Y ' ea I, 011.11.8 je
    (I ± <X) (I .~~). 1±a % IH: a p.. I ±" ± p.
    jep Je "poHsaoA a P ....JI. BtAU,UH. Apyror PIA. y OAHOCY HO 1 IICO cy
    ~ MaAe aellU'UHf UpBor pe"a }' O!lllocy Ha 1.
    a "
    H. np Mw ep.1.032·i l OO1 ::::7 1,034: 1,')19·0,99&:::::-1,017; O.99t .41997. '~ _Q.M.
    138

    Be~H'MHa 3 Ha3MRa ee .... aAOM .tAU_UHOM apBor pt/Ja y o/JHoey Ha Be-


    &
    AU'UHY n aKO ROCT 01" OA"Oe q, < -
    • n
    < q,. rAe cy q, M q, ABa npana pa3;

    nONKa (Ha np.MCp q, =0 ,001 .. q, =O,Oool). BenM"HH a A 33 KOjy DalKH OANoe


    A < ql Ha3 HBU ce -"OA O.W a e.111 'fUHOM Buwer pella y OJtHOCY HD n . Y DebH ....
    3
    cny,ajeD' OA e ce ",ane "Cn H""He (A) He y 3H!,ajy y 063MP (pa'YHa,.. /JO
    IDa.HoclDu .VOAUX SeJlUIfUHO p.pyror pena).

    npeMl Towe 6Mhe npOM3DOA ADa 6poja

    N. N, ~ (n, + &,) (n, + 3,) = n, (1 +e.) n. (1 + £0) '" n, n, (I +a, +c.),


    Da je peAlTMBMa rpew~a npOHlooJlll

    N,Na-n. ""
    s- =e.+e;, .
    nt nt

    1).: PUOIIJU.HO rpeWKa fipOU3.0AD ItAHDKa je oAre(fDpeKoM 3(fUPY puo-


    IIwIHUX rpewDKa " UHuoqa (ea TaqHOwhy AO "aIlHX BellHqHKa Apyror peAl y
    oAlloey HI jeAHHHuyl· .

    HajHenOBOJbHMjM CIIyqaj je KaAl ey rpewKe e, H £0 uemor 3HDKa, oHAa je

    .' -
    Tj. l /luollllUlHa rpewI{a. DpouS.OAD ao aDeoiylIJHoi .peAHoclIJu HuJe ' /JehD 0'(
    ~opo ollauylIlHux .penHoeIDu pUDmUBHUX rpewDKa WHUOq!'.
    Olli eTIB BalKH H 3a npQlIlBOJbaK 6poj qKKHOlla•
    . ./lPM apOMSBOAY j\!AHor T~qaOr .(N) .M. jeANor npH6J1HlKKQr 6.poja (nJ)
    .. 'N N,oC.N " • .":: . "
    NN,DNn\(I+~),
    Nn,
    - Sa . '.

    pe.uTIIIIU rpewKa npoH3BoAa JUHI". je pellaTMDHoj rpewKM opH61111111HOr


    6poja. . . ' " . . ., ..
    ,~ .' . . ..
    4) AeJbeHoe. - AKO je a wa.u lellMqHHo npBor peA8 y oANoey HI
    . jeAHBftllY OBAI ie - . '.'
    1:(I+a)=I-a+4·.::,·; .'+·.. . ,., I':'a. ",
    K.... cy a H P Kane Be~HqHNe DpBOr peAa y OJJ;HOCY HI )eAHKHIlY TaAI Je
    ICOJIH~KIIIC 6pojell 6nHcKHX .jtAHUHIlH '

    I±a
    --,., 1 :l;a'fp,
    J ±p
    H• .,.lOep: 1.ooaII,002 ... 1,001: 1,024/0,998 ... 1,026: O.9!I81I,004 ... 1-0,006 ... 0,994,
    139

    KOJlH4"HK ABa 6poja N·, If N, 6Hhe

    --
    N,
    N,
    n,(I+o,)
    n, (I+ e,)
    ~~( I+ e, -e,)
    n,
    n' Je penaTHBlia rpeWKa KOJlHI.{HH}(a
    & = &J .

    TJ.: P eJra DlUBIW' rpeWKa HOJlU14HUKO


    "
    jellHoKa je a.nre6apcKoj P03JlUl./U pe.lla·
    I11UBHUX rpewaKO AelbfHllKO. U AeJlUOliD.
    HajHcnOBOJbHlljH je enyqaj KaAa ey penaTHBlle rpeWKe pa3Hor 3HaKa,
    TaA' je\>

    Tj.: PenoillUBlta rpeWKa KOJlU"lHUlta no aDCOJlylIiHoj BpeJ1.H.ocUiu Huje Belta 04


    36upo aUCOllyWHur BPMHOCWU pelloWUBHUX rptwoKO neJbeltU/<a U nuuoqo.

    5) CTcncHoaalbe K l(OpCKoBalbc. - AKO je a .. ana BenHqHHa


    npBor peAa y oAHoey Ha 1, OHAa je
    (1 +a)' "" 1 +2 a, (1 + a)' "" 1 +3a, .. ·
    na ie (1 +a» "" 1+ka
    KalJ,' H3JlO)f(HJlau k HHje MHoro BeJlHKH 6poj.
    npe/ola TOMe ie
    N" ;-n>(1 +6)" ... n> (1 +ke)
    Ti·
    Nt_n"
    e,c :::::ske.
    .n"
    PUaWUIJHa· rpewf(a eWellelta /tJ!,l/alt;a it DPOUSIIOAY uS.lOXIWlja U p6'
    ... awuA~e tptWNi 'OCItOBe.
    ! .. ; . ~

    AKO je. & ·~nCOJlYTHa rpeWKa ocHo8.e:~~A~ je

    N>=n>+(~)n"-I&+(~.)nt-.o.+ ...
    Te ie anconYTHa rpeWKa CTenCHa
    0, == Nit -:- nil ::::= k nk - 1 l>.

    KaKO je
    nl Jf:

    T) .: PtAolIi"BHa rp#WKa KopeHa k· or U3AO,xuoqa Dpu6AUJlCH4 Jt JtIlHa" a


    KOAU 141f y ptAOOi U81tl! rpl.wltt DOtDICOpe.Ht. KOJtUqUH~ U U3JfOXUOIiO.

    H, "p".cr. 1.00 ~ 1.0;)4; 0.9W "" I- O,OJI",,0.995; 1,001'",, 1.012: 0, _0.985;


    l ,oew 1 .:;::. 1.002; 1. 006 ' ~ ..... 1,002 .

    6) JlorapHTMK. - KaKo je
    1,1 ",, 0,04,
    10g( I + O,I) ~ lo g log(I -- 0,1) = log O,9"" - 0,04,
    10g( 1 +0,01) c log 1,01 "" 0,004, log (I - 0,0 \) = log 0,99 "" - 0,004,
    TO je log ( I ± tt) '" ± 0,4 a.
    H•• PI .C p. I,,!/ 1,003 ~ 0,0012: loe 1,0l c 0,0 12.
    npeMa TOMe ie
    log N ~ log[n (I +e)].,. logn+ O,4 e
    TJ. 0= log N - logn "" 0,4 e,
    ADcOAylllHO rpew l(a .wrapuDlMa Dpu6AuxHor 6poja jeAHaKa je 40'1, pella·
    IlIUBHt rpeWKt ucillor 6poja (0,46).
    • .t ~ ;. ~ • .' ~

    PCna1'l18'ta rpeWKa TpOt\HljlpotlHX f,Joieaa je y rpaHHt\aof3 < 'Ill,


    .11.0 < 1'/0, na cy anconyTHt rpewKe.IbHXOBHX norapHTu,a .11.00,002 KIJ,004,
    3a 'bYX ie AOBolbHa n6nHua ca IlIpu AeUHloIaJla.
    PenaTH8Ha rpewKa QeT80pollwljlpeHHx 6pojesa xpehe cc y rpaBHIl3Io1.
    0.11. < '/,'/.... < \'1.. , na je anCOIlYT". rpewKa IbNXOBHX. 1I0r.apKTIIol
    . , • .11.0
    0,0002 H 0,0004 Te ie A080lb83 n611Hua co .~Illupu ACIlHIoI1IIIi. YoawTe
    1oI0lKelol0 peh .. ; ,. . , ' .

    Spoj qu¢apa .. a"IDuce He Mopa ,JuDlU


    . 8ehu OA 6pojo qu¢apo apudJluz-
    . ,
    Hor 6poja.
    JlorapHTMap YCTBapH lIpeTCTaBlba n611HIlY lIorapKnlol. ca TpH •
    AenH"HQKO H ca qeTHpH AeI.\H .. Olla.

    7) cl>YHKI.\Hje, - 30 ljlYKKUHjy U = I (x, y) 6 .. hc du ~ I (:r" y,)- f (xo'l)


    Tj.

    6u= 0/ M+iJ! 6y -f- R a du+RQ: du,


    dx Or
    r peWKa ,pY" 'q llje jeA llaKa jr IilO:ila AHO.1I .tUr/JepeHquja"y ucme tPYHltqU/I,
    PeJl a TK BHI P~"a T" 8 H a
    ~OPloCY.l'· rpeWIi 'fI0pMy..ta rpewu
    %
    .= %

    (I ±a) (I ± ~) "" I ± a 1 11 ... Hl()I;x!'I~1 10g( 1 +a)cO,434a ·- O,217 a' "" 33 a'

    {Ua)'''' 1±2u ~ 100.0.1 1+(1


    log - - '" 0,869 a '" 33,,'
    I-a
    {I ;(,,;' "" I ~, 3a "" 300 "I log N = 0,4343 In N < 0,0015

    (I =(1). '" I :!on a. ,., 1O~ ; ) a.' In N ~ 2,303 log N < Om


    I
    - - " , I fn ,.. 1000.1 In (1 + a) "'" a. - 'I, a." ... 33a'
    I ±a
    sina~ 0._ 1
    /.0.' ~ 0..
    If a
    --""I± aT P ,.. 100 ~-a I
    . -
    I ±~ sin a "" a "" 0,01745 a.' 33 a' < 140, p < I

    VI ±a ... 1±'/,a ... 130.' cosa~ l -i/t al ~ 40.'

    "
    yl -
    ± a- ... I± -a cos a ~ ) a.' < 8',.p < 1
    '" 100,,1/2.

    I n

    Pe".,,""1 P ·eJ.TIIIHI
    .OPMY . . rpeM11 ~o P "YJIII rptwa:a
    ,
    " "
    (I ±,,)-J/.... I'F .!. .., 100 0.~/2. til''''' a+'I,,,' .., 130.'
    n
    .
    - - til' a ·"" a .., 0,01745 a' 0'<10', p< 1
    I «
    -=~1-- "".38 a."
    '/1 +" 2
    c!Ii a~-
    I I
    - -a
    __ 20'
    a 3
    · e·~ l+CI+· /lal~ l+ct .., 17,,'

    sin (x±a) .. sin x ±acosx


    e-'±a '" " (I ± a)

    cos (x+ a) '" cos X'F a sin x


    a" "" I +<1ln a

    D'±<> '" a' (I ±a In 0)

    10" '" I +a In 10 '" 1+ (a.IM) 10'±".., 10' (1 ±aln 10).

    -
    I ....,
    143

    II. CKPAnEHO PA~YHAtbE

    Ha OCHOOY H3U'IlellH X 06pa3aua 3. Hl pa4YHaBa,.,e rpewaKa KOIl


    apHTMCTHllKH X pa.Q.lb H en npH6J1 H >KtlHM 6poj t'6HMa M O)f(C MO apWHTH cKpahena
    p"YHa,.,. o.o.6auyjyhH cyaHwll e UH<j>pe.
    1) PO'ly"otoe co 6po/enuMo 6A UC /i U.M jeauHUllu
    I+a
    (I + a)(1
    , + ~),> I + a+~. - - ". 1-+ a-p,
    I +~

    " (I ±a) (I ±~).,. I ±a±~, I ±a .::::::- I ± a7""t"


    - a
    J.i:~
    • a
    Y(I ±a) "'" I +
    k
    2) Ca6upaH>e. - Ko.o. ea6HpaKa Tpe6a o.o.6aUHTH eBe UH!jJpe KOjHX
    HMil BHwe nero WTO HX HMil KOD. npH6JJH>KHO r 6poja Hajeehe an con YTlle
    rpewKc.
    Ha npHMep, KO.o. 36"pa
    581,35.;. 28,4 + 0,00427.
    anconp"e rpewKe e.6"paKa ey 0,01; 0,1; 0,00001 na Tpe 6. la.o.plKaTH no
    je.o." y UHt\Jpy, jep j e KO.o. 6poja 28,4 UH!jJpa 4 cYM ,.,,, aa. npeMa TOMe je:
    581,4 +28 ,4 +0,0* 609,8.
    3) MHOXtI.e. - ai no.o. 3Haya;IIUM qu</Jpo .... a npH6nHlKHor 6poja
    no.o.pa3yMeaajy ce CBe .berOBe UH!jJpe, II lpe. Hyna, Koje cnylKe Ila ce
    oApellH nono lKaj npae uH!jJpe palnH4"Te Oil Hyne.
    Ha np""ep, 6pojeoH 743, 74,3 K 0,743 H",ajy no TpH 3Ha"ajKe UH!jJpe.
    360r Tora ce npH6n~ lK .H 6pojeaH nHwy y ~HIlY .o.eUHManHor 6poja "a,.,er
    0./1 10 nOMHOlKeHH .. '.o.eKailHoM jellHHHuoM. Ha np""ep. 21a5; 2,135 . 10';
    0,0235; 2,35 ·1 0-' .
    b) no.o. 6pojeM J.a ..OBa no.o.pa3YMeBa ce 6 poj UH!jJ,pa Kcnpell .o.eceTHe
    3.neTe; KOA npaaor pa3nOMKa OH je HeraTHBaH H je.o.HaK 6pojy Hyna Heno·
    cpellHo AeCHO Oil lleceTHe 3aneTe. Ha npHMep, 1,35 HMa j e.o.aH 3HaK, 23,43
    HM. Iloa 311aKa, 0,56 HM' Hyna 3HaKOBa, a 0,034 HMa - (""Hye) jeAaH auaK.
    e) K~lla 4"H"OU" HMajy pa3JTH4"T 6poj 3H,"ajHHx II.H!jJapa OHAa Tpe6a
    npe~~6poJHe 01l6aUHTH TaKO Ila jellaH "HHHnaU HMa 3. jeAHy UH!jJpy BHwe
    Hero nH IlpyrH.

    d) AKo ey N, ~ n, HS" N, ; n, + 8, OH.o.a je anconYTHa rpefllK. npo-


    H3BOAa
    o~nl 8:,! T n, 8 1,
    e) Ku. "HHHOUH H"aj y p H q 3HaKOBa HcnpeA ~e ceTHe 3aneTe OHJt.
    npOH 380,A HMa r 3HaKoB3, H TO

    , ~ P+ q - I aKO je npOH3eOil npeHX UH!jJapa cneea 06a qHHHOua jeAHo-


    UH!jJpeH 6poj (BOIlHTN pa"YHa 0 yTHUajy Apyre II.M!jJp<:),
    144

    r=p+q aKO je npOH300A npOH X 'IH4>apa oua "HHHOua liDO·


    Ultcj>peH 6poj

    H. npHwep : 2.82 x 3.4h .. .. p = I, q - I, ,-I, Jep Je 2 x;I=6,


    8,43 x 6,23q . . . , p-I, q - 1. ,.2, JoP Jo 8 x 6 - l B,
    12,3lx2,85- .. . , p - 2, q= I, ,-2, Jep Je I x 2 - 2,
    9,83 x 1,24-= . ... p-l, 9-1. ,-2, JoP Jo 9,8 .. 10.

    f) MHOlKelbe ce RlBOJlH cKpahcHO ca KOpCKTypaMa, Ji3 npHM~p,

    I 8,3 h . 4,5826= .... p~2, q = l, 4 :<. 1-'4, r c 2


    6 285 4 IIpeoKpcHyTH .. HOlKHnau
    733 6 "HOlKHTH c3 4 Kao H 06H.HO
    "flHeSTH noeneAlbe UH¢pe 06" 'HHHO',O
    (" H 4). nonpaaKa je 5 x 4 = 20, Tj. k ~ 2, 113
    je S ·<31-k = .lS+2=J7
    9 I 7k =2 nOTIIHCaTH 7 non. 6 Ji .a.aJbe MH O)f{HTIt
    146 k = 2 6pHeaTH 5 H 3, nonpaaKa je 8 x 3 = 24, Tj 2,
    4 k=2 6pHcnTII 8 H 8, nonpaBKa je 2 x 8 ~ 16,.,·20, k ~ 2
    I k~ I 6pltca.,.It 2 H I, nonpa.". je 6 v I = G '" 10, k = I
    8 4,0 4

    PennHaHe rpewKe c)'

    e, < 1°/... ~: < 0,03',••,


    na j E"" 1,03% " AneonyTHa rpewKa je 84 x (1,03jlOOO)"O,09, na Y3H '
    lIalio UIIO ,\lBa JleUH .. anHa MeeTa.

    nOeao y6p3asa .. 0 WTO KOpCKTypC apwHMo OJlM.X H. npHMep,

    3,28 x 2,93 ~ 3 2 8
    p=1 q~l. ;)x2 =6, r=1
    39 2
    6 5 6 ('/, +'/,)"10 = 'I, 'I.
    295(k ~ 7 ) 2
    9,6=0,06
    1 0 (k ' I) 300
    9,6 1
    na je Apyra JlCUHlf.ana CYMIbHUa.

    4) J(e ... elbe. -


    a) KaAa AeJbCHHK H lICnHnal! HMajy pa3nHQHT 6poj
    3HnajHHx uHcj>apa Ta,lla y jeJlHOMe 0.11 IbIlX Tpe6a 33AplKaTH je,llHY UHcj>py
    "we Hero nH y ApyroM.
    I

    ti) A 'KO '" Y /'1'1 ~' fll'" 8" N#~lIa+~ ott:u" .te:" 'i'1 !:O.l1,.T-Ia. t p
    . .
    •
    -~

    -- .- ~'----.-
    c) A.KO j P tlJlOj l llllill OOO Jle 1i>i!'!Hill!C" n~BO O.ll .l!,t'-Cenlie Nt· ) 'I! ? 'J
    ::I ~ ll K Q B ~ .ll.e-mW Ull. OlLila JI! Gp-OJ Mec:rn KCIIII;IINH Ka,"

    ~I.'I;:U je Dro! IlH~PIIn;,e..'ile""l(iI. JMI'Ib:fl L


    .ti ~iII Ulu.."
    I '

    ' ''' '' q-l I. !tiki) j'l' "p'l l. lI. ~~pa .I\:e~"-1tJ1a ae":a ":In j li'rtUiJ 01
    U..H~P M .!I.CJ1!'lfJ1!l:ll ,

    Ii.. ~Il~ . :lI-1:S,o!2, ;· t~·. t~= ", ,. .• q :::2" :I > I , ,..,,:l


    ~7'.4$ ; ~ ,.I ~ ... , . .. 1'- 2, f=? 15,:> 2, ,r ,: ,I.

    l}) ite.:t.eH>e ... ",.,r;. ..


    ~ , H.t"!(~ (I, OOM y3:1~M'1Il1H1~kO~iit~ P'i~Pl.~
    ~:9Uii ~ .,~. -'_jyh.i; IiOE!·ek-rVIlI@.l!;.t4:
    '. ,

    5., /I .4, !! : ~. I~ ,... ?..6,lS


    1 2. fI :8 ,r ' ...
    I' 1 OO~ 212' ~Sx 4"' ~ It.~" iii (fl ~X2~ ltl .. 2 "1~ "
    I (it 6 ~

    -- - a t~ n
    :2 I
    l1 )Cl ,;;= ~ , . ~~•. -
    ----
    I 1: 2 (8;-;: 1",,1l .. ;\'- 1,
    =-

    Hoi, P! ~ fP:

    - ....:':----...-
    I , &........
    I> '2 n r ,'li
    d· IJ ~6 ~ : 1 24 = J! ..tm
    1 n
    u
    s

    ,5) Cmtaefj0\9l1lOt Il xfJpeflll'IJalD't• .~ G) Ii M.lrynsa. i:pe~Wli1l t -or ,


    ·nllliH liI. 6poja {j H~ItO'CH !]i'Kfiili1llKSO: .
    . . j
    a....;. A:n4'''!:&.
    -.
    ... r _ I
    ~'~ '~'-
    tQ ,T:j~- '" o,.lI'lLoeN. lIlIi''oR..''' ~'U <
    .
    146

    (1.-.)
    n k
    b) AnconyTHa rpewK. k·or KopeHs 6poj. n HSHoeH 6, = - k-,- 6.
    c) CTeneHoBalbe Ha Apyr. H TpehH CTeneH , OAHOCH O Kop eHoBalbe
    .CT... H3nOlKWOUHNa, BPWH ce y npaKcH nONohy TpoUHcjJpeHe Ta6nHue
    ~DeHa KBBAp"Ta • KyOOSB .JI.
    nONohy JlOrapHT.. apa.

    0 I 2 J 4 5 6 7 j 9

    I 1,00 1,21 1,44 1,69 1,96 2,25 2,56 2,89 3,24 8,61
    2 4,00 4,41 4.84 5,29 5,76 6.25 6,76 7,29 7,84 8,41
    •a
    4
    g,OO
    16,0
    25,0
    9,61
    16,8
    26,0
    10,2
    17,6
    27,0
    10,g
    18,5
    28,1
    11,6 12,2 13,0 13,7 14.4
    19,~ 20,2 21,2 22,1 23,0
    29,2 30,2 31,4 32,5 33,6
    IS,2
    24,0
    31,8
    •a
    7
    36,0
    49,0
    84,0
    37,2
    SO,4
    8M
    38,4
    51,8
    6',2
    39,7
    53,3
    611.9
    41,0 42,2 43,6 44,9 46,2
    54,8 56,2 57,8 SV,~ 60,8
    70,6 72,2 74,0 75,7 77,4
    47.6
    62,4
    79,1
    8 81,0 82,8 84,6 86,5 88,4 90,2 92,2 94.1 96,0 98,0

    0 I 2 J 4 5 6 7 IB 9

    I 1.00 1,33 1,73 2,20 2,74 3,38 ~,IO 4,91 5,83 6,86
    2 8,00 9,26 10,6 12,2 13,8 15,6 17,6 19,7 22,0 24,4
    a 27,0 29.8 32,8 35,9 39,3 42,9 ~6,7 SO,7 54,9 SV,3
    4 64,0 68,9 74,1 79,S 85,2 91,1 g7,3 I().I III 118
    5 125 133 141 149 157 166 176 185 195 205
    •
    7
    8
    216
    343
    512
    227
    358
    531
    238
    373
    551
    250
    389
    M2
    262
    405
    593
    275
    422
    ' 614
    287 301
    43~ 457
    636 659
    314
    475
    681
    3211
    493
    70s
    8 729 754 779 804 831 857 885 913 941 970

    AKO ie nOTpe6Ha Tpeha UHcjJpa OHA3 ce np ... elb Yie JlHUeapHa HRTep-
    DO.IIaUllja,
    HI ap."ep, 3,Pa 10',2; 4,3'=79,5;
    6,~'-38,8, JoP Ie 6,20'-38,4 • 6,3QI-39,7;
    ......... Jo 39,7 -38,4= I),' nonplt.. p= 1,3XO:03/O,10=O,4, na Jo 6,23'=38,4+0,4 =
    -38.8 '1 11111 ce ,..ep..... o • Heaocpe.... o WH01.U:H.CM .

    6,23'=1 6,20'=238, 6,30'=250, p= 12x0,3=4,65


    .. a06 ..... o 238+5=243.

    115,7=8,7; '593_8,1 (Il u6,".<)

    V57,1-1 . V56,2=7,5; YST,H=7,6,


    0,1
    p= 1,0+ - =0,06 n. J. f57,2 =7,5+0,06=7,56.
    1,6 '
    147

    d) KopeHoaalbe ce MOlKe H3apwHTH H n o OBO'" 06pacllY

    x = Vn =
    • (k - l)x,"+(k+1)n
    x"
    (k + 1) x: + (k'; 1) n
    r.l\e je x, npaa npH6nHlKHa Bpe.l\HOCT KopeHa ..
    Ha npK wep. Y3HW.JytUt .:co. 2 6Hhe

    Y5 _ 2'+3·5 2 q 2,2352.
    3·2'+ 5
    Ysw ewo nH llJ "pey npH6nH )f(HY I!!IPe.AHOCT .xo ~ 2,2 AoOHhewo V~ ~ 2,2360. TuaKJ' Iptl·
    HOCT Je 2,2361.
    6. "JloropuUJ.lloBoHle U aHliluJlorapuUJ MOBOlOe, .. KaKO 6poj IlHcjJapa y
    .. aHTHCH He ",opa 6HTH 8ehH 0.1\ 6poja IlHcjJapa "~H6J1HlKHOr 6poja qKj"
    ce norapHTaM TpalKH, TO ce y TexHHqKOj "paKCH qeCTO KOPHCTe 1I0rapHTU"
    cKe 'Ta6nHue ca TpH H qeTHplf )l.ellHMane, Ka o WTO cy uase)l.eHe

    TpOIlBoj>peH& n6nBl\8 norapDT....

    0 I 2 3 4 5 6 I I I
    7 8 9
    I 000 041 079 11 4 146 176 204 23U 255 1279
    2 301 322 312 362 380 398 41.~ 431 417 462
    3 477 491 505 519 531 5H SS6 568 580 591
    4 602 61 3 623 633 643 653 663 672 68 1 690
    5 69Y 708 716 724 732 740 748 756 763 771
    6 778 785 792 799 806 813 820 826 833 839
    7 845 851 857 863 8:;9 875 881 886 892 898
    8 903 908 914 919 924 929 934 9101 9014 949
    9 954 959 964 968 973 978 982 Y87 991 996

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6
    I 7 8 9

    0 1,00 1,02 1.05 1,07 1,10 1.12 1,15 1,17 1,20 1,23
    I 1,26 1,29 1.32 1,35 1,38 1,41 1,45 1,48 loSl I,SS
    2 ),58 l,ti21,66 1,70 1,74.1,78 1,82 1,86 1,91 1,95
    3 2,00 2,04 2,09 2,14 2,19 2,24 2,29 2,34 2.40 2,45
    4 2,51 2,57 2,63 2,69 2,15 2,82 2,88 2,95 3.D2 3,09
    5 3,16 3,24 3.31 3,39 3,47 3,55 3.63 3,72 3,80 3,89
    6 3,98 4,07 4,17 -4,27 4,37 4,47 4,57 4,68 4,79 4,90
    7 5,01 5.13 5.25 5,37 5,50 5.62 5,75 5.89 6,03 6,17
    8 7,31 ~,46 6,61 6,76 6,92 7,08 7.24 7 ,41 7,59 7,76
    V 7,94 8,n 8.32 8,51 ~,71 8,91 9,12 9,33 , 9,SS 9,77

    nOpe.l\ OBaKBHX Ta6J1Hua "'Horo ee KopHeTH H JlOrapuUJMap, KOjH yeT8ap"


    "peTeTaBJba TOKSY Ta6J1HUY Ca 3, a )l.eJlHMHqKO H ea 4 .. eeTa, Te My je
    H TaKsa TaqKOCT.
    Ha npHwrp. OpoJy 3,6 04r0B3pa waHTHca 556 ! 6po)y 2.3 ""H"fHCa 362. fbHIOIIOlll
    npoHlIIony o.1fo"apa M4HTHea 556+36'2=918. K4kO Je u611HlfHa pnl"'Hkll MaHTHel 919-914=~
    31 OpoJelle 83:)--8'20 TO HHTepno.1:1UHJOW Jl OOH ~~"O nOnp!BKy p=8. na Je npOHlBO.ll 8.28.
    3. npOIl3S011 7,8 · 3,2 Je MaHTHC! 892+S0~- 1 397. O,!l.HOCIlO 397 k'A ee OA04UIC I.
    thoJ OAfOBlP.' C,po] 2494, na Je npOHl80!l "" 24,9".
    14R

    np ... c.p ... - I) 0 pt 14TH ptlltt1'1f81l1 rpc.w ..y no (c npe~I1JUC opeulIO: d-~2 ,5 mf1l
    W~ P" '
    a ) n(. 1t uons W)64"PO ~ TI'IlIOC TM 0,5 mm,
    b) IIt,611C'J'lO'" c. l'O""YCnw nl,l"O(. ," .D.1 mm;
    c} nf"'ulU"~ W Ul)' ~1t:PO '4 T ~"OClM 0,01 mnl ;
    dJ ' 1M rO""l !"'¢" 'U lt IlU" M 0.00 1 mm.
    P~WCft.t. - ., < I .. . < 0,2 Yo; < 0,02% : < O,001:x. .
    1) 1,0 '! ~,~ 2: . 3) 7,63 X , ,68 - 35,708.",35,71
    '"
    ' 0
    86 .
    3052
    I I (~,l~11 .58
    1 6I
    4 ,~ I 35,7 I
    \) 0,983 X 1,002 321,67340 X H,135f>
    10 1 9 6 53118
    983 257338720
    2 128 66 936
    0.~85
    6H347 (k -II
    96502 (k : II
    16084 (1" :4)
    193 0 (k= II
    n 0 96,35 19
    6) 7)
    ',9 I 7 : ~,3 I • = 2,1 25 126,27 5 : 8,134 =·15,5 24
    189 . 23 1 (1 . 4",, 0) '4~35
    58 : 13 (2 ' I '" 01 4265 (5 . 4 ,.. 21
    _-,-11:.. : 2 (5, 3", 31 198 (2,3",2)
    = (.,1",0)

    81 1.01 X 1,01"" 1+0,02+0.01'" 1.03 T".Hje (1.0302)


    0,983 X 1,002", 1+0,002-0,017 '" 0,985; 0,992xO,999:::: 1-0,009 '" 0,991;
    9,81 X 10,1 2= 10,981 X 1,012110'- 0,993 . 10:.::,,99,3; 102,5 X 101,2=(1,025 X 1,(12), 10' :::: 10370
    992 X 0,00988 - (O,991 x O,988)· 10 '" 9,80; 9,99 X 1,012." ,,0,999, 1,012), 10", 10,11 ;
    988 X 1006 ~ (0,998 X 1.006) , HI'= 1,004 . H)'.
    9) 1 ; 1,02~ I-O.2~O,98; I: 0,98<:0 1+0,02::::1,02; 0,972 : 1,152:::.0,820
    1 : 0,995 ~ J,005; 1,05 : 1,03 '" 1,02
    10) 1,024'::::1 + 2 . 0,024 ",>1,018; 0,97' ",>1-2 ,0,03,., 0,94
    1,03' "" 1,09; 0,98' '" 0,94; 0,99' "'> 0,96; 9,97'=0,997" IO'~I ,
    II) rT.02"" 1+ 'It . 0,02 '" 1,01 ; YO,9~ "" 1- '/., 0.D2 ... 0,99;
    rl,03"" 1,01 ; rU,97 '" 0,99;
    • "" 0,99 ;
    vil.Y6
    YlOI,4 "" 10 Vf:UI4"" 10,07.

    III JlorapHl'Map
    norapUTMap je HajnpocTHjH a iellHOBpeMeHo H HajBHwe KopHlDheHH.
    HHCTpYMeHT Ja' paqYHalbe. OH je YCTBapH cKyn .• orapuUJa.KCKux CKaAO
    HIHeTHX Ha caMoM HHCTPYMeHTY 011 KojHX cy HeKe lIeiioKpelilHe a HeKe
    DaKpelilHe. 360r OBHX CKana OH npeTcraa: "a AOrapulUaJlcl(e lila6,lUqe ca
    IUpu a lltnHMIf"HO H ca 'tlilupu 3Ha,aine qu(ppe, Ca IbHMe ce .3BOlle cae
    149

    P""YHCKC ollcpa'lHic Koie cy y Be3H ca 06u,"u" (BrigS·OB.".) H OpUpOJIHU."


    lNC'pcr'OBHM) JlornpUm .(IIIMO.
    1l0rap11TaMCKO CKaAa ie CKaAa <jlYHKuHie y ~ log x. rJl~ je log x_
    · ,JO!! " .< 06H"aH nor,' pHTaM 6poil x la OCHOBY 10. 6poi log % npeT·
    CT.IUJb3 MO Ha CK.lnH .l1YH<HH OM, na ie y = II log X, r.a..e }e U .IIO. IYR CKaJle.
    J1.Y>KHHa (I) norapHTaMCKe CKane 06H"HO ce Y'HM' 125 mOl. 250 mm. HTJl.
    npUll cc norapHTMap HalHBa .ManH " (uenHH). JlpyrH ie 06H"H" M H3'RBa
    ce .nornp"TM"p OJl 25 CM." CTBnpHa JlY >KH Ha norapHTM.pa ic HeWTO Beh.,
    KOJl 06HQ 110r Ol1a H]HOeH 27 CM (nulleaplla cKana). nOeehalbeM JlYlKMHe
    JlOrapHTa McKc CKane MO)f(e ce .aOHefCJle nonpasHTH l1la"'''Iocm norapHTMapa.
    AKO cc apry"e HT Me",. y pa3MaKY 1 x < <10 OHJla ie y~25O·logx, na
    re- .1',,,,0. 1=2510g 10=25, Tj. I=u. MOAyn jc jeJlHaK AylKHHH CKa"e H
    It:>'<HOa ec AD raplIWaMcKa Iuulluq.. AKO je !.<;;;; x ';;; 100 OHAa je
    ),=25 10gx. na je p, - O, I=ulog 100 -2 u, na H'HOCH JlllC AOrapHTaMCKe,
    je.:\HCIi1Uc. 3a I <<
    x 1000 6Hhe 1= u log 1000 _ 3u TC H3HOCH' alpu nora'
    pHT'>I<;Ke jeJlHHHue.
    OKO 1850 rOJl. </lPaJIUYCKH apTMJbepHCKh OIjlHUHP Amlidtlt Mannhtim
    KOHeTPYHca o je tlPBH norlijlHTM.p KOjM ce M Ha3HBa MaHxajM08 norapMT'
    M'p. OH je 6HO npHMHTHB'U. jep cy ce IhHMe, MornC BPWHTH OCHOBHe
    p.QYHcKe onepaul(je nOBCl8He ea .• 0rapHTMHMa (MHOlKelbe. JleAelbe, CTe·
    neHOBalbe l,enHI< eKcnOHeHTHMa). Ha MOJlCPHHM nor,pHTMapHMo 1I0ry ce
    BPWIlTH H cnolKeHMje paQYHCKC onep'UHje aJlH je CYWTHHa MaRxajMoBor
    norapHTMapa ocrana HCTa. 1l0rapHTMap ce cacTojH Hl TpW Aena: HeDoltpe·
    WHor JlelbUpa (YSJlQKe) , llOl(peffiHOr .lell,upa (UJu.'rah:e) H CiiiOICJUHor KAU ·
    3a~a ca j eJlHOM upn HnH ICOlfiIOHU'I0.
    linH BHWC BH3HpllHX ( HHAeKCHHX)
    CBaKH Aor'pHT"~p 'HMO "mUp" DellORlle CKa.!e A, 8, C H D. eKa"e .A H 8
    cy nOTnYHo jeJlH3Ke. H HMajy no ABC AorapHTa .. CKe jliAHHHlle (I';;; x <
    100);
    TaKo~e ' cy Me~yco6Ho jeJlHaKC . H CKane e
    H D caMO H... jy no jeJllly no·
    rapHTaMeKY jCJlKHHUY. CKane A H D ey Ha yanaUH • B H e
    Ha H3anlUK
    (CA. la). Ha npel\lboj 60"Hoj cTpaHM lIa ..,3H ce I\HHeapH8 CK.na (L) -
    pa3MepHIl" 'JlYlKHHe 27 COl. JlorapHTM8p ce Ha.'33H Y .• HopManHo" nOJlo·
    lKajy" KaJll ce 6poieBH 1 CBHX CKana A. 8. C H D nOKnanajy Ha ne8011
    Kpajy.
    0) MHO)l(elhe H Aellelhe. - npOH3BOA ilea 6poj. je p - ab, na je
    log p~logl!+logb. KaKo · jc p - u logp c uloga+ulogp 6Khep-a+b.
    naKAe, MHOlKelbe ce CBeno H. ca6Hpaibe nOrapHTlMa ~HlIH"!II. npeMa
    TOMe Tpe6a "HHHnau a (Tj. 0) YleTH Ha CHa"H D YBnaKe HcnOA HH)lexC8
    e
    1 CKane H'BnaKe H KOHq.HKllY (06HqHO cpeAlby) nOCTIallTH HI qMHKMIl
    b (Tj. b) II. CKanH C MlMaKe na HCnOJl Ibe Ha CKanH D yanaKe npOqRTITH
    pe3YATaT - npOH3aOJl - p (Tj. pl.
    Ii. cn. 10 nOKala H ie npOH3BOJl p=2.5 · 3=7,5.
    MHO >Kelbe ce MOlKe HllipWHTH H H8 CKana .. a A H B. Ha CJlHIlH 1 b
    ie npHK3:'OH npoH3BoA p=6 ·2.45=14.7. Tp~6a 1 CKMe B CraBBTH .COOA
    QUHHOua 6 CKane A ysnaKe H KOHQaHHuy H3 QHHHnau 2.45 cone B nt
    H'Hail Ibe H' CKanH A YBn.Ke npOqHTaTH npOH380Jl P ~ 14,7.
    Meli YTHM npO" 3BOJl 7.5·4.8 He MOlKeMO H3BPWHTH no"ohy CKa"a
    e H D a MOlK~MO "ouohy CKana A H B, na HlHOCM p s 36. MH je y
    150

    npailCH y06RqaieHo Aa ce npOH3aOA apWH Ha AO"'"" CKaJlaMa C H D na


    ce 1I0llCe OCTaapHTH Ha oaai Ka'lHK (eJl. ) c): Tpe6a U"ljJpy )0 CKaJle C
    CTaBHTM HSHaA 'I"HHou.a a = 7,5 CKane D )f KOHl13HHUY Ha "'H"Hnau. b ,.;-4,8

    " .I .~ . ',I. . ,. .
    "
    . ~.
    j I I "
    U1 • I' . ~ rn'
    , .• 1 • • I'
    I " . .,
    'r~I~J'~~:"1r.,1 h~"(
    '0
    '~-~
    I ,Vi .\
    c ) b / • • . h .. f ., .. . 1.
    D I .1 , , " 1~'"
    " .. , ", 'U , 1 '" , • I . ' , ' ''''\' ' ''
    tiilP:tl· "y~!I~l'
    ) ,\'I
    • •

    ... '.0
    ... ,..,
    ,
    lb) , 0 ," ,
    " " OP
    • ,~,
    " • ~
    ,. ., ., •
    I '
    • ~ ijlli/l","" '~'~~
    . :
    "4 '
    ,
    j I "'I' .. .\ !T " '1l1 l1r ihjiil,.l. lIjiilW'il liilw"p , • ;jlfU .
    c) . " U 11

    II I
    If I
    •
    •
    . " '''f .
    "I T'
    j .
    "~"I ·1.
    t ~ '1~~rMitII~*.\I'1Ir:I.
    ,
    "1'1• " r ('lfM~'
    Go
    ; 'U' 00 •

    """""~""
    D
    • ' I , , •• 1 . ,' •• •
    ..
    " ."
    .. .,. ''
    I ,,,fr.- ,. , ' , ' . "
    '"
    I I ,I .•

    1,1
    CIO
    ,
    "

    c... I
    CKa.lle C Da HCDOA Ibe Ya CKaIlH D npo'lHTaTH npoH3BOA 3,6 a OH ie
    .yCTB.IpH JleceW ayWa Bellu, p=IO·3,6=36. : OBAe CliO YCTBapH y"ecTo
    DpoHSBo,Aa.p=ab yaellH npOK3BOA p/IO=a.b/iO, na ie iog(p/IO)= loga-
    -~og 10-logb)' Te CliO" pea,yIlTOT IIYOlKHJlH ea 10. 360r oBora ee YBOAH
    DOJIII 6poja ,i.,cfiJa KIIH 6poja SHa"osa (m). nOll 6pojeM MeclUa (3noKoaa)
    I/UUJC 6poje8a ' U HeDpo8ux lleliUMlUnux P03AOMOKO DOllilo3YMeBo ce 6poj
    Ijurpapa .Wora 6poJa Ha MecWy qeAux (IUJ. 6paj qucpapa JleBa all lleceIDno
    S.aD,We); "all .apa8ux ,llequMaJlHUX paaJlOAIOKa oaaj je 6poj neralUuaon u
    /el{Halt 6po/y HyAa lleeHO qll oecewlle sod.fiJe' ao Upae qucppe p03Au.uIDe
    01{ HyJle.

    H. up.wep: 345 (m=ai: :H.5 (m=2): 3.45 (m= I): 0,345 (m=O) : 0,0345 (m= -I) :
    0,00345 (m= -2): 0,0003 (m= -3): 0,00003 (nr = - 4).

    .H1I80qa ni, -m.


    Y roPIbHII" npHllepKMa 6Hhe p ~ 2,5·3",7,5: Te ey 6pojeBH MeeTa
    ~ 1 8 IlpOHaBOA3 m= I, na je m = m, + m. - l. 'y Ap-yroM CJly"
    'llI}y le p = 7,5 " 4,8 = 36, m, = m• ...; 1 " m - 2. .aaKlle, KaAa ee MHOlKH .e
    ,/less' (ri. ca 1 C) OHA8 ee 6poj "eCTa yMalbyje 3a ) a KaAa ee MHOlKH
    .c 4eCHQ' (ri. ea 10 C) OHAa ee He y"albyje, na je
    .CAelJa" m"(m,)+(m.)- 1\ .c Ilecno" m'g(m,)+(m,).
    6poj lIetra Tpe6a Y3eTH ca CBOj"" npeA3HaKllH.,
    151

    11,01·6,97=17,0 (m =2+ 1- 1= 2);


    0.989·31 =30,1 (m =0+2=2);
    0,563.0,316=0.178 (m=O+O = O);
    124·0,021 _ 2,601 (m =3- 1 - 1= 1),
    KOJlH4HHK ABa 6poja je q;' all', na je log q = Jog a ,-log b. KaKo je q =
    = u.l0g q = u log a - 'dog b 6Hlle q- a-
    h, Te ce AeJlelbe CBOAH HO OJ/Y3UMUlbe
    JlOrapHTaMa. nOCTynaK je 06pHYT roplbeM; Tpe6a AeJbeHHK 0 (Ti· oj YleTH
    HS eKaJlH 0 a H3HaA Ibera eraBHTH AeJlHJlall b (rj. ,'o) CKane C na pe3yn·
    TaT np04HTaTH HS , CKanH 0 HenOA HHAeKeHe IlHljlpe I C HnK 10 C.
    5poj 3Ha4ajHHx Mcera 6Hhr
    .c 'lIesa (I C)' m-(m,)-(II',J+ I; , c J/eCHa (10 C,' m-(m , ) - (m.).
    5poj PleCra T~6a Y3HMa!'" ca CBOjHM 3HaKOM.
    Ha cnHI.UI la n~H.xUlft Ie KonH''(RMK 6poJcaaq=7,S:3=2.S. (m;: 1-1-+1=1), I
    IHI c." lc ICOIlHQHHK 9=36:04,8=1,5. (m=2-1=1).
    360r Mane TaqHOCT.H Aenelbe ce pe~e BPWH Ha CKanaMa A H B,
    KOA cnolKeHHier cnyqaja, Ha npHwep x = a bIt, Tpe6a ce PYKOBOAHTH
    HO"l(!JlOM p'G ie pe3YllIDaID mawtUju YKOIIUKO ce MQlbe OyIDo nOMepu U38/1QKQ.
    He npHwep
    .=3,24,6,31 14 ,58= (3,11/4,58).6,31 - 44,6, (m = I - I + I = I),
    Yon WTe. 3a
    x - aI • a, ' a• ... 0./ b, . b, . b, ' .. b,
    6poj Meera 6Hhe
    m=}; (m,)-:E (m,)+:E k,
    rAe je k nonpa,BKa 360r nOMHllalba H3BlloKe. OHa H3HOCH k- + 1 SKO je
    npH HaMeWTaIbY H3BnaKe 3a Aenelbe KopHwheH HRAeKC 1 CKane C, OA'
    HOCHO k= -1 aKa je KopHwheH 33 MHOlKelbe HHAeKc 1 CKane C.
    Ha npHwc'p
    x=98,3 . 17,2·3,81/7,95. 15 ,3~ I ((98,3/7,95) . 27,2\115,3) . 3,82~ 84,04,
    ~=+I-I+I-I - O(lop I .. b .... I.O.I<4IC),
    nl I. m ~ 12+2+1)-(1+2)+0 - 2 ,
    H. np.w.p 1(1) (!) (3) '(5) (2) (4) (5)
    x_O,437. BP,6· 0,00255· 5,08 !1 ,728 • 460 ·0,09125 - 0,00153.
    m-(0+2-2+1)-(1 +3-1) +(1-1 + I': 1)= 1-3+0 _ -2.

    '" I1 ....
    L' "I 1 .j I I' j j j I • "'~ '
    " • I 'I "

    +l.i"~i,,:I"r l-H , ! ,! ti~ '"I'! " ' it~I~-III ,I' ~ "~'f~··H+::: - .'
    A , ,I 'T
    • 1"1
    I I
    • ' I
    'I ', ,• ,• Ir ..' , • : J " h, ,,1. .. I
    "j ,
    , 1 , , , :!
    D •
    I
    i " U , "'I'
    • '1 ' . '
    I,"

    r,,2
    h) AHaafbe H& KBajl,pBT, - AKa ie s = a' OHlla je log s - 2 Jog a, na
    je s = 2u a, re eB3KO" Gpojy " CKane 0 ollroBJpa 6poj a' CKane A .
    152

    5poj MeCTa H3HOC~:


    _1 2m I
    - 3a npay nr' jellHHHUY CKane A
    (oll ' l llO 10)
    m, - \'2 m 33 llpyry nOr. iellliHflUY CKane A
    (Oll I llO 100).
    Ha_ ( .1, 2 npHJCa3allH cy npHwt:p"
    1,91'=3.65. (m=2·1-1=1) :
    6,04'=36,5 (m=2-0=2).
    Ko)! npSBI1X AeUI1ManHHX pa3J10MaKa Tpe6a
    ce KOPHCTI1TI1 AeKaAHOM j eAHHHUOM.
    Ha npHwep:
    0,191'=(1,91 .10" )' ~ 1,91'1100'= 3,65/100 - 0,0365;
    0,604'= (6,04/10)' - 36,5/ 100 - 0,365,
    c) HOBna'lelbe KBBllpaTHOI' KopeHa. -
    AKO je k=\'a=<>'JO, OH)!a je log k='/. logo.
    n. ie Ii = 'I, u ll, Te csaKOM 6pojy a CKaJle A
    oAfosapa 6poj Va cKane D. nocTynaK je HH-
    Bep3aH npeTxOAHoM. KOA npssHx AeUHMammx
    pa3J10MaKa Tpe6a KOPHCTHTH AeKallHY jellHHHUV.
    1:1 • . npKwep
    JI 4,~8 = 2,224 : V ,~,8= 7,05; V U,49~ - V49.8/100.0,705:
    . VU,0498 = V4,9HIIOO _2 .224j1O =0,2224.
    d) AHaalbe lIa KY(\ H Ba~elbe KY(\1I0r
    KopeHB.- AKO je s-a' OHlla je log s= 3Iog·a.
    na ie s - 3 u Il. 5pojy a CKaJle D ollrooapa
    6poj s - a' Ky6He CKaJle K, Ha norapHTMapy
    ",Darmsladt asa ce CK3na n3Jl33H H3113A A CKaJl e
    ol

    (CII . 3), Olla HMa TpH JlOrapHTaMcKe jellHHHu e :


    na je 6poj MeCTa Tpeher CTeneHa :
    3m-2 3a npay .• or. jrA. CKaJle K
    tn, = 3 m·· I • A p y r y . K
    { 3m • Tpehy . K.
    Ha npHwep
    1,05'= 1,16 (m ,=3 - 2= I) ;
    2,27' = 11,7 (3 - 1= 21;:
    6,15' - 233 (m ,=3 ).
    KOll npaBHX Ilell.HMaJlHHX pa 311 0MaJ<a Tpe6a
    ce KOPHCTHTH AeKaIlHOM jeIlHHHUOM.
    Ha npRwep
    0,105'-(1 ,05/10)' = 1,1611000 . 0,00116, (m = 1-3 - ~ 2).

    06paTHO, csaKOM 6pojy a CKaJle K CAro ·


    Bapa 6poj ra
    CKaJle D,
    Ha npHwep

    ell. 3
    r6 ' = 1,8 17; r26-2,963; r77 - 4,16;
    153

    ej PeUH'!£O'tHe ..!'pe,BHOCTH. - AKO je r ~ I/o OH.1\a ~ log y~


    = -log a, na je r = - U (1 ~ - u. 3a ose Spl'.1\HOCTH nocTojH CKana R Koja je
    H3Me~y CKana B H C "3SnaKe. HoeHe cy uHcI>pe qpsene H HYMepHcaHe C
    ... eCHa Ha .IIeso. CsaKOM 6pojy U CKane D O.1\rOBapa Ha CKanH RIO-TO CT-
    pYKa BpeAHocT, 10 (l / o), na je 6poj MeCTa
    m,_ - (m)+ 1.
    HI npH y. ep
    1/2 z 0,S (-1+1 _ 0); 11'2075 - 0,364 (-1+1 - 0); 1/11,'20- 0,0893 (-2+1 _ _ 1~

    AKO HeMl CKane R MO)!{C ce KOPHCTHTH npeoKpeHyTa C CKana Koja


    Tpe6a Aa Ao~e .1\0 A CKane.
    o
    /) norapHTMoBalbe. - Ko.1\ ,()armstadt' no.rapHTMapa Hi npeJllbOj
    60<1HOj CTpaHH Hana3H ce Lg CKana ca KOH4aHHUOM Ij:oja je np0.1\YlKeJbe
    cpe.1\lbe Kon4aHHue. CsaKoM 6pojy a CKane D OJlrooap. Ha CK3JIH 41 6poj
    log a, H 06paTHo CsaKOM 6pojy CKa;te Lg oJlrooapa aHTHnorapHTaM Ka
    CKanH D. npH oSOMe TPe6a SO.1\HTH paqYHa 0 KapaKTepHCTHUH. OKa je
    jeAHaKa 6pojy l(enHX YMalbeHoM 3a I.
    H. apB"ep
    log 3 . 0,471; log 6,2 - 0,792; log 125 - 2,097; log 0 - 0,35; 0 - 2,24.

    g) TPHI'OHoMeTpH'CKe «jIYHKl\Hje. - Ha OBOMe ce JlOraplfTMapy


    HcnOA CKane · D Hana3H T3S. "nuworopelCKO CKOJlO" (1') cn nO.1\enaMa oJllO,995
    .IIeBO .1\0 0 AeCHO. 03HaKe cy 03Ha4eHe qpaeno. CsaKOM 6pojy x CKane D
    OArosapa 6poj p= ¥l
    (x/lO)' .

    Ha aplNtp

    . x - 2/1O, p . O,979; x - MO. P- O,866'


    Ha aa.1\lboj 60qHOj cTpaHH HaJIlIJe ce .1\se CKane: roplbll SIO CKalla
    .
    ca nOAuoM Oil. 5,8' .1\0 ~O' H .1\Olba tg CKana cli nO.1\enoM 0.1\ 5,8' ·.1\0 45' .
    =
    CBaKH nO.1\COK HCHOCH 0,1' 6'. CsaKoj spe)J.HoCTH yrna a Ha OBOj CKIIJIH
    (sin HnH tg) oArosapa speAHocT sin a O.1\HOCHO tg a Ha D CKallH, Y3eTa
    "cnOA cpe.1\lbe KOHQaHHUC.

    H. npKwep
    oln 2G'_O,lI42; sin 35'-O,5H; tg 2()O=O,36~; tg 0,35' .0,7,

    =
    KaKO je COS a = VI - sin... H ctg a 1/tg a TO ce SpeAKOCTH COS a H
    clg aMory npOQHTaTH OAMax Ha P H R CKanH.
    Ha np .... ep
    cos 200 . 0,940; e.OS' 35 0 _ 0,810; clg 200 - 2,14e~ · ctg 35°_ 1,428.

    Ha HCTOj 60QHOj CTpaHH sin CKana CIIylKH H 38 OApe~HB8lbe spe.1\·


    HOCT" cos ex a tg CKana 38 OApe~Hsalbe. Spe.1\HOCTlI efg a. Oae Cj CKallC
    03Ha"eHe .1\eClIO ca COS H clg qpB.no H HM8jy qpBt lle UOIl ..... BpeAHOCTH
    ce OAMax 4HTOjy Ha D CKBnH a jeAKospeMeKO ce A06HBa H ape.l\HOCT
    sin a Ha P CKanll H tg a H3 R CKanH.
    154

    HI nplwtp
    cos 40' • •ln 50"-0,766;
    sin 400 ... COl 500 _ 0,643; sin 7611 _cos 149 .... 0,970;
    elg 70. - tg 200 - 0,364; .g 70" _ 2,75.

    h) EKCDOHeH~HJanHe CKane, - Ha UOAe~u~u u38Aake' ODor "ora-


    pHT .. apa nocToje TpM CKane "'YHKuHje y = e'. I'bHX 03Ha~aBaMO OBaKO :
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    31 1,66426 I.65JJ7 1,6.256 1,63185 1.62125 1,6107-4 1.60:' J3 58
    32 1,60OJ3 1,59002 1,57961 1,56969 1,55966 1.54972 1.53,87 57
    JJ 1,53987 1.53010 1.5204J 1,51084 1,501JJ 1.49190 t .482'56 56
    J4 1.48256 1,47JJO 1.<4.6-411 1,45501 1,44 598 1.43103 1.42815 55
    ~ 1,~2615 1,4193' 1,41061 1,40,195 1,39JJ6 1,.334e. i.J76J8 54
    36 ,.J76J8 1136800 I,J5968 1,35142 I.J.J13 l .l3511 1,J270< 53
    37 1,32704 1,31904 I.JIIIO I.JOJ23 1,29541 1,28764 1.219Q4 5~
    J8 1.27994 1,27130 1,20471 1,25717 1,2 4Q69 1, 2.221 I.23 4QO 51
    39 1,23490. 1.22758 1.220JI 1,21310 1.2059J 1,19882 1,1 9115 50
    40 1,19175 1,18414 1,17177 1,17085 1.1 6J98 1.15715 1,1 5031 -
    I~
    41
    42
    1.150J7
    1. 110b I
    I.14J6J
    1,1041<4
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    1,09110
    1,IJ029
    1.091 J I
    1,12369
    1.08 496
    1, 11113
    1,0186 4
    1.I IObI
    I,01:J7 .,
    48

    4J 1.072J7
    I,O~
    1,00613 1,05994 1.05;)78 1,0 4166 1.041 S8 1,0J55J ••. 5
    '4
    .I 1,02952
    I
    1,02J55 1.011bl 1,01170 I,OOS8 J 1.00000
    50' ~' I I
    I
    U
    40' 30' 20' 10' 0'
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    ISO

    TPI4fOHOMETPYlJCKE YI XYlilEPBOJIWIHE <l>YHKL\YlJE


    I
    ,. ,-,
    Sin .r
    I
    cos .x Ig x
    " I Shx Chx Thx x'

    0,00 0,00000 1,00000 0,00000 1,00000 1,00000 0,00000 1,00000 0,00000 0


    01 0 1000 99995 01000 01005 0,99005 01000 00005 01000 0' 34' 23"
    02 02000 99980 02000 02020 98020 02000 00020 02000 1'08' 45"
    0) 03000 99955 03001 03045 97045 03000 00045 02999 I' 43' 08"
    04 03999 99920 04002 0408 1 96079 04001 00080 03998 2' 17' 31 "
    05 04998 99875 05004 05 127 95123 05002 00 125 04996 2' 51 ' 53"
    06 05996 99820 06007 06184 94 176 06004 00180 05993 3' 26' 16"
    07 06994 99755 07011 0725 1 93239 07006 00245 06989 4' 00' 39"
    08 0799 1 99680 08017 08329 92312 08009 00320 07983 4' 35' 01 "
    09 08988 99595 09024 094 17 91393 09012 00405 08976 5'09'24"

    0,10 0,09983 0,99500 0,10033 1, 10517 0,90484 0,10017 1,00500 0,09967 5' 43' 46"
    II 10978 99396 11045 11628 89583 11022 00606 10956 6° 18' 09"
    12 11971 9928 1 12058 12750 88692 12029 00721 11943 6' 52.' 32 "
    13 12963 99 156 13074 13883 8781 0 13037 00846 12927 7' 26' 54"
    I~ 13954 99022 14092 15027 86936 14046 00982 13909 8'0 1'17"
    15 14944 98877 15114 16 183 8607 1 15056 0 11 27 14889 8' 35' 40"
    16 15932 98723 16138 17351 85214 16068 01283 15865 9' 10' 02"
    17 16918 98558 17166 18530 84366 17082 01448 16838 9' 44' 25"
    18 17903 98384 18197 19722 83527 18097 01624 17808 10° 18' 48 u
    19 18886 98200 19232 20925 82696 19 115 01810 18775 10"53' 10"

    0,20 0,19867 0,98e07 0,20171 1,22 140 0,8 1873 0,20134 1,02007 0, 19738 11 ' 27' 33"
    21 20846 97803 213 14 23368 81058 211 55 0221 3 20697 12'0 1' 56"
    ,2 2 1823 97590 22362 24608 80252 22178 02430 21 652 Ir36 ' 18"
    23 22798 97367 23414 25860 79453 23203 02657 22603 13' 10'4 1"
    24 23770 97134 24472 27125 78663 24231 02894 23550 13' 45'04"
    25 24740 9689 1 25534 28403 77880 25261 031 41 24492 14'19'26"
    26 25708 96639 26602 29693 77105 26294 0)399 25430 14' 53' 49"
    27 26673 96377 27676 30996 76338 27329 03667 26362 15' 28 ' 12"
    28 27636 96106 28755 32313 75578 2836.7 03946 27291 16'02' 34"
    29 28595 95824 29841 ,33643 74826 29408 04235 28213 16' 36' 57"

    0')0 0,29552 0,95534 0,30934 1,34986 0,74082 0,30452 1,04534 0,29131 17' 11 ' 19"
    31 30506 95233 32033 36343 7334 5 31499 04844 30044 17° 45 ' 42"
    31 31457 94924 33139 37713 72615 32549 05164 30951 18' 20' 05"
    JJ 32404 94604 34252 39097 71 892 33602 05495 31852 18'54'27"
    34 3Jl49 94275 35374 4e495 71177 34659 05836 32748 19'28 ' 50"
    35 34290 93937 36503 4 1907 70469 35719 06188 33638 200 03' 13"
    36 35227 93590 37640 43333 69768 36783 06550 34521 20' 37' 35 "
    17 36162 93233 3878ti 44773 69073 37850 06923 35399 21'11 '58"
    38 37092 928p6 39941 46228 68386 38921 07307 36271 21'46' 21 "
    39 380 19 924 9 1 41105 47698 67706 39996 01702 37136 22' 20 ' 43"

    0,40 0,38942 0,92106 0,42279 1,49182 0,67032 041075 1,08107 0,37995 22' 55'06"
    41 39861 9 1712 4346 3 50682 66 365 42158 08523 38847 23' 29' 29"
    42 40776 9 1309 44657 52196 65705 43246 08950 39693 24'03 ' 51 "
    43 4 1687 90897 45862 53726 65051 44337 09388 40532 24' 38' 14"
    44 42594 90475 47078 5527 1 64404 45434 09837 41 364 25' 12' 37"
    45 4)497 90045 48306 56831 637 63 46534 10297 42 190 25'46 ' 59"
    46 44395 89605 49j45 58407 63128 476 40 10768 43008 26'2 1' 22"
    '7 4528 9 89157 50797 59999 62500 48750 112 50 43820 26' 55' 44"
    48 46 178 88699 5206 1 6 1607 6 1878 49865 11 743 4462. 27' 30' 07"
    49 47063 8823) 53339 63232 6 1263 50984 12247 45422 28' 04' 30"
    111

    I .. I
    . I
    I
    sin x
    I
    cos x '8' t-' Shx Chx Thx
    I x"

    0,50 0,47943 O,817) ~ 0,)4630 1,64.172 0,60653 0,52110 I 12763 0,46212 28' 38' 52"
    51 4i81 8 87274 )5936 66529 60050 53240 13289 46995 29" Il' IS"
    51 49688 86782 57256 68203 59452 54375 13827 47770 29'47' 38"
    53 50553 86281 58592 69893 58860 55516 14377 48538 30" 22' 00"
    54 5 1414 85771 59943 11601 58275 566(\3 14938 49299 30" 56' 23"
    55 52269 85252 61311 73325 57695 578 15 15510 50052 31 "30'46"
    56 53 119 84726 62695 75067 57121 58973 16094 .50798 32"05'08"
    57 53963 84190 64097 76827 56553 60137 16690 51536 32"39' 31 "
    5~ 54802 83646 65517 78604 55990 61307 17297 52267 )3" 1)' 54"
    59 ,; 55636 83094 66956 80399 5543) 62483 17916 52990 ))'48' 16"

    0,60 0,56464 0,82534 0.68414 1,82212 0,54881 0,63665 1,18547 0,53705 )4' 22' 39"
    61 57287 81965 69892 84043 54335 64.154 19189 S44Il 34- S7' 02"
    62 58104 81388 71391 85893 53794 66049 19844 55113 )5"31'24"
    63 58914 S0803 72911 87761 53259 67251 20510 55S05 36"05'47"
    64 59720 80210 74454 89648 52129 68459 21189 56490 36-..0'09"
    65 605 19 79608 76020 91554 52205 69675 21879 57167 37"14' 32"
    66 61312 78999 77610 93479 51685 70897 22582 57836 37'48' 55"
    67 62099 78382 79225 95424 51171 12126 23297 58498 38" 23' 17"
    68 62879 17757 80866 97388 50662 73363 24025 59152 38" 57' 40"
    69 63654 77125 82534 99372 ~0158 74607 24765 59798 39"32' 03"

    0,70 0,64422 0,764.14 0,84229 2,0 1375 0,49659 0,758511' 1.25517 0,60437 40-06'25"
    71 65183 75836 85953 03399 49164 77117 26282 61068 40"40' 48"
    72
    73
    65938 . 75181 87707 05443 48675 78384 \ 27059 61691
    66687 74517 89492 07508 48 191
    .'-I.S' 1 I"
    ~~~~ ', ~~:~~
    62307 41 ' 49' 33"
    74 67429 73847 91309 09594 41711 62915 42'23'56"
    75 68164 13169 93160 11700 41231 82232 29468 63516 42' 58' 19"
    76 68892 12484 95045 13828 46167 83S30 30297 64108 4),,3), 41"
    77 69614 71791 96967 15977 46301 84838 31139 64693 " - 0704"
    78 70328 71091 98926 18147 45841 86153 31994 65271 44"41' 27"
    1/ 41[ . . 0,1854 0,70711 0,70711 I 2,19328 0,45594 0,86867 1,32461 0,65579 45'
    79 71035 70m 1,00925 20340 45384 87478 32862 65841 ~'15' 49"

    0,80 0,71736 0,69671 1,02964 2,22554 0,44933 0,88811 1)3743 0,66404 45"50' 12"
    81 12429 68950 05046 24791 44486 9015~ 34638 66959 ~·24; J.4"
    82 73115 68222 07171 27050 44043 91503 35547 61507 46" 58' 5T'
    83 73793 67488 09343 29332 43605 92863 , 36468 68048 47' 33' 20"
    84 74464 66746 11563 31637 43111 94233 , 37404 68581 48-07'42"
    85 75128 65998 13833 33965 42741 95612 3835) 69101 48"42'05"
    86 75784 65244 16156 36316 42316 97000 39316 69626 49' 16' 28"
    87 76433 64483 18532 38691 4 1895 98398 40293 70137 49- SO' 50"
    88 77074 63715 2096~ 41090 41478 99806 41284 70642 50" 25 ' I)"
    89 77707 62941 23460 43513 41066 101224 42289 71139 50" 59' 36"

    0,90 0,78333 0,62161 1,26016 2,45960 0,40657 1,02652 1,43309 0,71630 51 - 3YS8"
    91 78950 61375 28637 48432 40252 04090 44342 72113 Sr08" 21 "
    92 79560 60582 31126 50929 39852 05539 45)90 72590 52"42' 44~
    93 80 162 59783 34087 5)45 1 39455 06998 464·53 73059 53-27'06-
    94 80756 58979 36923 55998 39063 08468 47530 73522 5)'51 '29"
    95 81142 58168 39838 58571 38674 09948 48623 73978 54-lS 52'''
    i

    96 819 19 57352 42836 61170 38289 11440 49729 74428 55"00' 14"
    97 82489 56530 45920 63794 37908 12943 50851 74870 ".34' 3T'
    66446 3753 1 14457 51988 75l0? 56"09'00"
    83603 54869 )~m: 69 12) 37158 15983 5)141 75736
    98 83050 55702
    99 56'43'22"
    1ft!

    x
    I sinx calX 'Ix .. .-z Sh X Chx
    I Thx x'

    l,l5741 2,71828 0,36788 1,1 7520 1,54308 O,76 1l9 l7'17 ' 4l"
    1,00 0,84147 0,54030
    01 84683 53186 59221 74l6O 36422 19069 55491 76576 57' 52' 07"
    02 52337 62813 77319 36059 20630 56689 76987 58' 26' 30"
    81211
    03 85730 51482 66524 80107 35701 22203 57904 77391 59° 00' 53"
    04 86240 50622 70361 82922 3534l 23788 59134 77789 59- 35' )5"
    05 86742 49757 74332 8576l 34994 25386 60379 78181 60' 09' 38"
    06 87236 48887 78442 88637 34646 26996 61641 78566 60" 44' 01 "
    07 87720 48012 82703 91538 34301 28619 62919 78946 6 1'18'23"
    08 88196 47133 87122 94468 33960 30254 64214 79320 61'52'46"
    09 81663 46249 91709 97427 33622 31903 61525 79688 62"27'09"

    .,10 0,89121 0,45360 1,96476 3,00417 0,33287 1,33565 1,6685l 0,80050 63° 01 ' 31"
    11 89570 44466 2,01434 03436 32916 35240 68196 80406 63° 35' 54"
    12 90010 43568 06596 06485 32628 36929 69557 80757 64° 10' 17"
    13 90441 42666 11975 09566 32303 38631 70934 81102 64°44' 39"
    14 90163 41759 17588 12677 31982 40347 72329 81441 65° 19'02"
    15 91276 40849 23450 15819 31664 42078 73741 81775 65'53'25"
    16 91680 j9934 29580 18993 31349 43822 75171 82104 66° 27' 47 "
    17 92075 39015 35998 22199 31037 45581 76618 82427 67 ' 02' 10"
    18 92461 38092 42727 25437 30728 47355 78083 82745 67' 36' 32"
    19 92837 37166 49790 28708 30422 49143 79565 83058 68'10' 55"

    1,lO 0,93204 0,36236 2,57ilS 3,32012 0,30119 1,50946 1,81066 0,833 65 68'45' 18"
    21 93562 35302 65032 35348 29820 52764 82584 83668 69° 19' 40"
    22 93910 34365 73275 38718 29523 54598 84121 8396l 69' 54' 03"
    23 94249 33424 81982 42123 29229 56447 85676 84258 70' 28 ' 26"
    24 94578 32480 91193 45561 28938 58311 87250 84546 71 '02'48"
    25 94898 JIS32 3,00957 49034 28650 60192 88842 84828 71'37' 11 "
    26 95209 30582 11327 52542 28365 62088 90454 85106 72' 11 '34"
    27 95510 29628 22363 56085 28083 64001 92084 85380 72°45' 56"
    28 95802 28672 34135 .59664 27804 65930 93734 85648 73°20' 19"
    29 96084 27712 46721 63279 27527 67876 95403 85913 73° 54' 42"

    1,30 0,96356 0,26750 3,60210 3,66930 0,27253 1,69838 1,97091 0,86172 74' 29'04"
    31 96618 25785 74708 70617 26982 71818 98800 86428 75"03' 27"
    32 96872 24818 90335 74342 26714 73814 2,00528 86678 75' 37' 50"
    33 971.Jl 23848 4,07231 78104 26448 75828 02276 86925 76' 12' 12"
    34 97348 22875 ' 25562 81904 26185 77860 04044 87167 76'46' 35"
    35, 97572 21901 41122 85743 25924 79909 05833 87405 77'2rY 57"
    36 97786 20924 67344 89619 25666 81977 07643 87639 77' 55' 20"
    37 97991 19945 ,91306 93535 25411 84062 09473 87869 78' 29' 43 "
    38 91185 18964' 5,17744 97490 25158 86166 11324 88095 79' 04' 05"
    39 98370 17981 5,47069 4,O148l 24908 88289 13196 88317 79' 38' 28"

    1,40 0,98545 0,16997 5,79788 4,05520 0,24660 1,90430 2,15090 0,88535 80' 12'51"
    41 98710 16010 6,16536 09596 24414 92591 17005 88749 80' 47' 13 ~ '
    42 98865 15023 6,58112 13712 24171 94770 18942
    43 88960 81 " 21 ' 36"
    99010 14033 7,05546 17870 23931 96970 20900 89.167 81 '55' 59"
    44 99146 13042 7,60183 22070 23693 99188 22881
    45 89370 82'30'21 "
    99271 12050 8,23809 26311 23457 2,01427 24884 89569 8Jc- 04' 44"
    46 99387 11057 8,98861 30596 23224 03686
    47 26910 89765 83' 39' 07"
    99492 10063 9,88737 34924 22993 05965 28958 89958 84' 13' 29"
    48 99588 09067 10,98338 39295 22764 08265 31029 90147 84'47' l2"
    49 9,9674 08071 12,34986 43710 22537 10586 33123 90332 85' 22' IS "
    ,
    183

    x Slnx I cosx I 18 X I
    I
    I .-' \ Sh x I Ch x ITh x

    1,50
    'l,n-l.l708
    0,99749
    1,00000
    0,07074
    0,00000 ='"
    14 10142 4,481990,22313
    4,8 10480,20788
    2,12928
    2,30ll0
    2,152410,90515 85 56' )7
    2,509180,91715 90'
    60 0,99957 -0,02920 - 34,23253 4,95303 0,20190 2,3;'l7 2,57746 0,921 67 91 ' 40'24
    70 99 166 - 12884 - 7,69660 5,47395 18268 64563 2,8283 2 9354 1 97'24 ' 10'
    80 97385 - 22720 -4,28626 6,04965 16530 94217 310747 94681 103'07' 5Y
    90 94630 - i2329 -2,927 10 6,68589 14957 3,26816 3:41773 95624108 ' 51 ' 4)"
    2,00 0,90930 -0,4 1615 -2,18504 7,38906 0,13534 3,62686 3,76220096403 114' 35' 30
    10 86321 - 50485 - 1,70985 8,166 17 12246 4,021 86 4,14431 97045 120' 19'16"
    20 80850 - 58850 -1.37382 9,02501 11080 4,4Hl1 4,56791 97574 126' 03' 0)"
    30 , 74571 - 66628 - :,11921 9,97418 10026 4,93696 5,03722 98010131 ' 46'49"
    'I. n - 2,3562 0,70711 -0,70711 -I 10,55072 0,09478 5,22797 5,322750,982 19 135'
    40 67546 - 73739 -0,91601 11,0231 8 09072 5,46623 5,55695 98367 1)7' 30' 36"
    50 59847 - 80 114 - 0,74702 12,18249 08208 6,05020 6,13229 98661 143' 14:22"
    60 51550 - 85689 -0,601 60 ll,46374 07427 6,69473 6,7690 1 98903148' 58' 09"
    70 42738 - 90407 -0,47273 14,87973 06721 7,40626 7,47347 99101 154' 41 ' 55"
    80 33499 - 92224 -03555' 16,44465' 06081 8, 19192 8,25273 99263 160' 25' 41"
    90 23925 - 97096 -0,24641 18, 17415 05502 9,05956 9, 11458 99396 166' 09' 28"
    3,00 0,14112 -0,98999 -O, 1 4i~5 20,08554 0,04979 10,01787 1O,067660,m05 17 1' 53' 14"
    10 + 04158 - 99914 -0,04162 22,19795 04505 11 ,07645 11.12 150 99595171 3 01"
    n - 3, 141 6 0,00000-000000 0 23,140690,04321 11,54874 1I,59 1950,9962718D"
    20 -0,05837 -0,99829 05847 24.53253 04076 12 ,24588 12,28665 99668183' 20' 47"
    30 - 15715 - 98748 15975 27,11264 03688 13,53788 13,57476 99728 189 ' !>4' 34"
    40 - 25554 - 96680 ~6432 29,964 10 03337 14,96536 14,99874 99777 194' 48'20"
    SO - 35078 - 93646 37459 33,11545 03020 16,5426) 16,5 7282 998 18200' 32' 07"
    60 - 44 252 - 89676 49347 36,59823 02732 18,28546 18.31278 99851206' 15'54"
    70 - 52984 - 84810 62473 40,447 30 02412 20,21129 20,23601 99878211'59' 40'
    80 - 61186 - 79097 77356 44,70118 02237 22,33941 22,36 178 99900 21 7' 43'26"
    90 - 68777 72593 94742 49,40245 02024 24,69110 2471135 999 18223 '27' 13"
    'I." - 3,9270 -O,707J1-0,70711 I 50,754020,01970 25,36716 25:386860,99922225 '
    4,00 -0,75680 -0,65364 1,15782 54,598 15 0,01832 27,28992 27,30823 0,99933 229' 10' 59"
    to - 81828 - 57482 42353 60,34029 01657 30,16186 30,17843 99945234 ' 54' 46"
    20 - 87158 - 49026 77778 66,68633 01500 33,33567 33,35066 99955240' 38' 31"
    30 - 91617 - 40080 2,28585 73,69979 013~7 36,84311 36,85668 99969246' 2l' 19"
    40 - 95160 - 30733 3,09632 81,45087 01228 40,71 930 40,73157 99970252'06' 05'
    50 - 97753 - 21080 4,63733 90,01713 01111 45,00301 45,0 1412 99975257"49'52"
    60 - 99369 - 11215 8,86017 99,48432 01005 49,73713 49,74718 99980263' 33' 38"
    70 - 99992 - 0123 9 80,71276109,9472. 00910 54,96904 54,9780 99983269 ' 17'25"
    'I,,, - 4,7124 -1,00000 0,00000 ± '" 111 ,3278 0,00898 55,65440 55,663380,99984 270'
    80 - 99616 08750 - 11,38487 121,5104 00823 60,75109 60,75932 99986275'01 ' II "
    90 - 98245 1865 1 -5,26749 134,2898 00745 67,14 117 67, 14861 99989280'44' 58"
    5,00 -0,95892 0,28366 -3,38052 148.4132 0,00674 74,20321 74,209950,99991286"28'"''
    10 - 92581 37798 - 2,44939164,02 19 00610 82,00791 82,01400 99993292" 12' 31"
    20 - 88345 46852 - 1 88564 181,2122 00552 90,63lJ6 90,6 3888 99994297" 56' 17"
    30 - 83227 55437 -1.50127200,3368 0049 9 100, 1659 100,1709 99995303" 40' 03"
    40 - 71276 63469 -1,21754221,4064 00452110,7009 110,7055 99996 309" 23" 0"
    'I." - 5,4978 - 0,70711 0,70711 -I 244,1511 0,00410 122,0736 122,0716 0,99997315"
    50 - 7055 4 70867 - 0,99558244 ,69 19 00409 122,3439 122,3480 99997 3 15' 07' 36
    60 - 63121 7755 7 -0,8 1394 270,4264 0037013 5,2 1141 3',2152 99997320' 51 ' 2)"
    70 - 55069 83471 -0,65973298,8674 00335 149,4 320 14~,435 4 99998 )26" 35' 09 '
    80 - 46460 88552 -0,52467330,2996 00303165, 1483 165,1513 99998332" 18' l6
    90 - 37388 92748 -O,4031136 5,~375 002741 82,5 174 182,52Q.] 9999811 02' 41
    6,00 -0, 27942 0,960 17 - 0,29101403,4288 0 .0024820 1,7132 20 l,7 1l6 0999993<3' 46 :
    10 - 18216 98327 - 18526445,8578 00224222,9278 222,9300 99999349" 10' IS'
    20 - 08309 98654 - 08llS 492,7490 00203246,3735 146,375l 9999i lSS' 14'0:
    2" - 6,2832 0,00000 1,00000 o 535 ,49 1) 0,00187267,7449 267,7468 0,99999360'
    BA)f(HHjE 4>YHI<~H j E EPOjA Pft/q

    X
    I x·
    I sinx
    I cos x tg x e' e- '
    I Shx Chx Thx

    4"" =0.7854 45 0,7071 0,7071 I ~,1933 0,4559 0,8687 1. 3246 0,6558


    I
    "2" = 1.5708 90 1.0000 0.0000 ± oo 4,8105 0.2079 2.301 3 2.5092 J.9172

    31t
    4" =2.3562 135 0,7071 -0,7071 -1 10,5507 0.0948 5,2280 5.3228 0.98n
    --
    1t =3,1416 180 0.0000 - 1.0000 0 23,14 07 0.0432 11,5487 11.5920 0,9963

    5"
    4" =3,9270 225 -0,7071 - 0,7071 I 50,7540 0,0197 25,367 2 25,3869 0,9992

    3ft
    "2 =4,7124 270 -1.0000 0,0000 ± oo 111 ,3 178 0,0090 55,6639 55,663·1 u,99!J8

    7" = 5,4978 315 - 0,7071 0,7071 - I 244,151 1 0,0)41 122,0735 122,0776 (1,')(1997
    4 ,

    2 ft = 6.2832 360 0,0000 1,0000 0 535,491 7 0,0019 267,7449 2u7,7468 0,99099

    I
    185

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    XVI. TABJII1UA
    oJ aHA'fAJHE SPOJHE BPEJJ.HOCTH
    <-
    Spo) n
    I log n Spo) n
    I log n Spo) n log n

    "
    2.
    3.14159265
    6,28319
    0,49715
    0.79818 .. 1: 2. 0,15916
    9,86960
    I 1;20182
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    3,13209
    2,70730
    4,,3 4,18879 0,49583

    Jf: 2

    If: 3
    1,57080
    1,04720
    0;62209
    0,19612 ...
    2.. 19,73921
    39.47842
    1,29533
    1,59636
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    9,83976
    0,64635
    0,99298

    ..
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    0,78540 \;89509 31,00628 1,49145
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    \;29303 Vi< 1,77245
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    0,24857
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    t';r 1,46459 0,16572 t' 7,38905 0,85859
    .,64 0,04909 ... 0,05 2;69099 I:Vi! 0,564 19 1;75143 I :. 0,367879 1;5657 1
    .: 180
    180,.
    I,.
    0,01745
    57,29578
    0,31831
    2;24188
    1,75812
    1;50265
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    g'
    9,81
    96,2361
    0,99167
    1,98334
    y.
    I :el 0,13534
    1,64872
    1;13141
    0,2171 5
    I:g 0,10194 1;00633 t. 1,39561 O,IH76

    oJ 8 H A 'fA J HI! sPoJ"!! BPI!Il.HOCTH

    n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10

    nit 3,1416 6,2832 9,4246 12,5664 15,7080 18,6496 21,9912 25,1327- 28,2 74 3 3 4,1159

    nllt 0,3183 0 ,6366 0,9 549 1,2732 1,59 16 1,9099 2,28 12 2,5465 2,8 648 3 ,1 831

    2" 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 5 12 10 24

    1/2" 0,5000 0 ,25 00 0,1250 0,0625 0,0313 0,0 156 0,0078 C,0039 0,0020 0 ,0020

    3" 3 9 27 61 243 729 2 187 6561 19683 590,) 9

    1/ 3" 0,3333 0,111 1 0,0370 0,0124 0,0041 0,001 '4 0,0005 0 ,0002 0,0001 O,COO02

    n! 1 2 6 24 120 720 5040 40320 362800 36 28800

    Ii! 1,0000 1.4142 1,7321 2,0000 2,2361 2,44~S 2,6458 ?,8284 3,0000 3 ,1 6 23

    v.;- 1,000 1,2i>99 1,4422 1,5874 1,7100 1,8171 1,9129 2,0000 2,0801 2, 1'544

    log n 0,00000 0,30103 0.47712 0,60206 0,69897 0,77815 0,84510 0,90309 0,95424 1,00000

    In n 0,00000 0,6932 1,0986 1.3863 1,6094 1,7916 1,9459 2,0794 2,1972 2 , 30~ 6

    arc n' 0,0175 0,0349 0,0524 0 ,0698 0 ,0873 0,1047 0,1222 0, 1396 0,1571 0,1745
    18-9

    HEKE KOHCTAHTHE BPE,lUiOCTI1

    _. -, 3,14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 41971 69399 37510 58209
    14944 59230 78164 06286 20899 86280 34825 34211 10619 8i14~ 08651
    c 32823066470938446095 505822317253594 08128 48 111 7450284102
    10193 85211 05559 64462 29489 54930_
    - 2,11828 18284 59045 23536 02814 71352- 66249 11512 4709J 69995 95749
    66967 62772 40766 ~O'
    y - 0,57121 56649 015\2 86060 65120 90082 40243
    I :n - O,J 1830 98861 83790 67153 11615 26745 02812 40689 19291 48091 29
    II; - 1,112.45 3850905516021298167483341 14518 27975 49456 122387
    I : V; - 0,56418 95835 41156 28694 80794 .51560, 71258
    108e - 0,4342944819032.5182765 11289 1891660508
    10 10 - 2,302.58 50929 94045 68401 79914 54684 36420
    lop - - 0,497149872694133 85435 1268288290 89887 3651678324 38044 24461
    In n - 1,14472 98858 49400 17414 34273 51353 05871 It'n 94812 915
    .. - 23,14069 26327 79269 00512 90863 67948 54738 0Z661
    ,-, - 0,04321 39182 63712 24977 44177 37171 72801 1~757 28109 8lO6J
    ,-,' _ 2,19328 00507 38015 45655 91691 59278 7382.2 34616 37642 0
    ,- - ,. - 0,45593 81277 65996 23616 59212 94728 02941 94166 04365 238
    YZ _ J,41421 35623 73095 04880 16887 24209 69801 85696 71875 37694 80732
    yr _ 1,73205 08075 68877 29352 74463 41505 87236 69428 052.53 81038 06281
    f'S - 2,23606 79774 99789 69640 91736 68731 27623
    V6 " 2,44948 97427 83178 09819 72840 74705 89139
    YIO - 3,162.27 76601 68379 33199 88935 44432 71853
    l:e _ 0,36787944117144232159552377016146086744581113103176711345
    01836 80169 74614 96
    I" - 1,64872 12707 00128 14684 86507 87814 16357 16537 76100 71014 BOIlS
    75079 31164 06610 21
    I : I:; - 0,60653 06597 12613 42360 37995 34991 18045 34419 18135 48718 69556
    82892 15873 50565 19
    sin 1 _ 0,8414709848 07896 50665 25023 2163029899962.25 63060 79737 II
    co. 1 _ 0,54030230586813771740093660744297660 37323 10420617922.2
    Sh I _ 1175
    , 20 1193643801 45688 23818 50595 60081 51557 17481 33409 59
    eh I _ 1,5430806348 IS24J 77847 79056 20757 06168 2601 5 29112 J658~ 37
    ------------------------Il--~
    ,l(EKA;nHI1 JIOrAPJITMI1 BPOJEBA KO MB l1HOBAtJl!!X CA BPOJEM ;t

    N log N N log N

    n- 3,141l9 26l 0,497 14 99 ;11_ 9,86960 440 0,99429 97


    2,,- 6,28318 l31 0,798 17 99 1/71 1
    ... 0,10132 118 9,ool70 )0-10
    4 n - 12,l6637 061 1,09920 99 Vn - 1,7724l )8l 0,248l7 49
    n12- l,l7079 63) 0,19611 99 I I~ - 0,l641 8 918 9,7l 142 5 1-10
    nf3 - 1,04719 7ll 0,02002 86 (lIn) 'f'_ 0,97720 l02 9,98998 l7 - 10
    4 n13 - 4,18879 020 0,62208 86 (4In) '1'_ 1,12837 917 0,Ol24l II
    n14 - 0,78l39 816 9,89l98 99-10 {n_ 1,464l9 189 0, 16l71 66
    xl6 - 0,52359 878 9,71899 86-10 I I~n_ 0,68278 406 9,83428 34-10
    l In - 0,)1830 989 9,50285 01-10 ~n' - 2,14502 940 0,3)14) 32
    II(2n) - 0,ll915 494 9,20 18201 - 10 (314 ,!) '''- 0,620)5049 . 9,7926) 71-10
    31n - 0,9l492 966 0,97~7 14-10 ("16)'/' - 0,80599 598 9,906)3 29-10

    HEKE BPEJlHOCTM IIPMPOJlHMX UEJIMX BPOJEBA OJl" 1 JlO n 10

    n -
    I
    Vn 1"'10" F ~ IO" ?· Ioo " ,- eft/ l O ,-, e-"JIO
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    2 0,500 1.41 4.47 1,26 2.7 1 5,85 7.)89 1.221 0,135 0,819
    ) O.)J) 1,73 5,48 1,44 ), I I 6,69 20,09 1,350 0,0498 0,741
    4 0,250 2,00 6,32 l,l9 ) ,42 7,37 54,60 1,492 0.018) 0,670
    5 0,lOO 2,24 7,07 1.71 3,68 7,94 148,41 1,649 0,00674 0,607
    6 0,167 2,45 7,75 1.82 3,9 1 8,43 403,4 1,822 2,48· 10-' 0,549
    7 0,143 2,65 8,17 1,91 4,1 2 8,88 1096,6 2,014 9,12· 10- ' 0,497
    I O,I2l 2.83 1,94 2,00 4,31 9,28 298 1 2,226 3,35·10-' 0,449
    9 0,111 .3.00 9,49 2,0& 4,48 9,65 8103 2,460 1,23· 10- ' 0,407
    10 '0,100 3,16 10,00 2,15 4,64 10,00 22026 2,718 4, 54 · 10-' 0,368

    BPE,n;HOCTM <l>YHKUMJE e~
    I

    ~ ,-. ,-.
    " .-' L " JC

    1110 0,90484 915 0,16530 2114 0,001 93


    118 0,882lO 2 O,\3S34 3215 0,00167
    1/6 0,84648 914 0.10540 7 0.0009 1
    1/5 0,81873 ll2 0,08208 3615 0,00075
    1/4 0,77880 ~13 0,06948 8 0,000)4
    III 0,71653 3 0,04979 8 1110 0,00030
    215 0,67032 2518 9,04394 49/6 0.00028
    1/2 0,60653 1615 0,04076 2513 0,00024
    2/3 0,51342 0,02732
    4/5 0,44933 , 1815
    4 0,01832
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    0,00006
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    I 0,36788 912 0,0 1111 321) 0,00002
    9/8 0,32465 49{10 0,00745 II 0,00002
    413 0,26360 l 0,00674 12 0,0000 1
    3/2 Q,223IJ 6 0,00248 Il 0,00000
    815 0,20190 4918 0,00218 14 0,00000
    191

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    arc 1' .-~O,O J 7 453 29252;


    arc I' = 0,000 290 85821 ;
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    arc 57,296' = arc 206264,806" ~ I.


    log arc 1°=2,241877 367;
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