Coordinates: 9°4′N 7°29′E

Abuja
Abuja (/əˈbuːdʒə/)[4] is the capital and eighth most populous
city of Nigeria.[5] Situated at the centre of the country within the Abuja
Federal Capital Territory (FCT), it is a planned city built mainly Federal capital city and local government
in the 1980s based on a master plan by International Planning area
Associates (IPA),[6][7] a consortium of three American planning
and architecture firms made up of Wallace, Roberts, McHarg &
Todd (WRMT – a group of architects) as the lead, Archisystems
International (a subsidiary of the Howard Hughes Corporation),
and Planning Research Corporation. The Central Business
District of Abuja was designed by Japanese architect Kenzo
Tange.[8][9][10] It replaced Lagos, the country's most populous
city, as the capital on 12 December 1991.[11][12]

Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400-metre

(1,300  ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential
Complex, National Assembly,[13] Supreme Court and much of
the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792-metre
(2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway
to Kaduna.[14]

At the 2006 census, the city of Abuja had a population of

776,298[15] and 179,674 households[16] making it one of the ten
most populous cities in Nigeria (placing eighth as of 2006).
According to the United Nations, Abuja grew by 139.7% between
2000 and 2010, making it the fastest growing city in the From top (L–R): View of a street in Maitama,
Abuja National Mosque, Zuma Rock, fountain in
world.[17]
As of 2015, the city is experiencing an annual growth Millennium Park, Central Bank headquarters,
of at least 35%, retaining its position as the fastest-growing city and nighttime skyline of Central Business
on the African continent and one of the fastest-growing in the District, Abuja
world.[18][19] As of 2016, the metropolitan area of Abuja is
estimated at six million persons, placing it behind only Lagos as
the most populous metro area in Nigeria.[2][20]

Major religious sites include the Nigerian National Mosque and

the Nigerian National Christian Centre. The city is served by the Flag
Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport.[21][22][23] Abuja is Seal
known for being one of the few purpose-built capital cities in Nickname: ABJ
Africa, as well as being one of the wealthiest.[9]

Abuja is Nigeria's administrative and political capital. It is also a

key capital on the African continent due to Nigeria's geo-
political influence in regional affairs.[24] Abuja is also a
conference centre and hosts various meetings annually, such as Abuja
the 2003 Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting and
the 2014 World Economic Forum (Africa) meetings.[25][26]
Abuja joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in
2016.

Location of Abuja in Nigeria

Show map of Nigeria
Contents Show map of Africa
Show all
History Coordinates: 9°4′N 7°29′E
Administration Country Nigeria
Abuja Municipal Area Council Territory Federal Capital
 Federal Capital Territory Administration Territory
Phases Settled 1828
Incorporated 1 October 1984
Cityscape
Declared capital 12 December 1991
Parks and open areas
Bush Bars Government
 • City planner Federal Capital
Central Business District
Development
Garki District Authority
Wuse District  • City management Abuja Metropolitan
Maitama District Management
Council
Maitama II District
Asokoro District Area[1]
Jabi District  • Federal capital city 1,476 km2
and local government (570 sq mi)
Gwarimpa District area
Durumi District  • Urban 927 km2
Apo District (358 sq mi)

Geography Elevation 360 m (1,180 ft)

Climate Population (2022 estimate)[1]
Environmental impact reduction  • Federal capital city 1,693,400
Vegetation and local government
area
Gallery
 • Rank 7th
Demographics  • Density 1,100/km2
Conurbation (3,000/sq mi)
 • Urban 3,770,000[3]
Economy and infrastructure
 • Urban density 4,066/km2
Real estate (10,530/sq mi)
Postal system  • Metro 6,000,000
Transportation (estimated)[2]
Airport Time zone UTC+1 (GMT+1)
Highways Postal codes 900211–900288
Rail
Climate Aw
Education Website fcta.gov.ng (http://fc
Universities ta.gov.ng)
International schools
Honorary citizens
See also
References
External links

History
"Abuja" was in the earlier 20th century the name of the nearby town now
called Suleja.[27]

The indigenous inhabitants of Abuja are the Gbagyi (Gwari), with the
Gbagyi language formerly being the major language of the region. Other
groups in the area include the Bassa, Gwandara, Gade, Dibo, Nupe and
Koro.[28] In light of the ethnic and religious divisions of Nigeria, plans had
been devised since Nigeria's independence to have its capital in a place
deemed neutral to all major ethnic parties, and also in close proximity to all National Assembly Building with
the regions of Nigeria. The location was eventually designated in the centre Mace, Abuja, Nigeria
of the country in the early 1970s as it signified neutrality and national
unity.[29] Another impetus for Abuja came because of Lagos' population
boom that made that city overcrowded and conditions squalid.[30] As Lagos was already undergoing rapid
economic development, the Nigerian regime felt the need to expand the economy towards the inner part of the
country, and hence decided to move its capital to Abuja.[31] The logic used was similar to the way Brazil
planned its capital, Brasília.

The Federal Military Government of Nigeria, promulgated decree No. 6 on 4 February 1976, which initiated the
removal of the Federal Capital from Lagos to Abuja.[32][33] The initial work for Abuja's planning and
implementation were carried out by the Military Government of General's Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun
Obasanjo and carried over into the Administration of Shehu Shagari.[32] Construction started in the late 1970s
but, due to economic and political instability, the initial stages of the city were not complete until the late
1980s.[34]

The move of Nigeria's Capital to Abuja was controversial, and the biggest opposition to it was led by Obafemi
Awolowo.[35] Awolowo, as a politician and a representative of the Yoruba people, defended their claims against
the move of the Capital from Lagos. During the hotly-contested campaign for the presidency, he vowed to hire
the American Walt Disney Corporation to convert the new site (Abuja) into an amusement park if he was
elected.[35] However, after his election as president, Alhaji Shehu Shagari laid the first foundation for Abuja's
infrastructure and pushed for its early completion. His first journey outside of Lagos after his election was to
Abuja, where he visited contractors and workers on site to urge a speedy completion of the project. On his
return, he confided in Alhaji Abubakar Koko his disappointment with the slow progress of work.[35] Shehu
Shagari rescheduled the planned relocation to Abuja from 1986 to 1982 which later proved difficult.[36]

The International Planning Associates (IPA) was commissioned in June 1977, by the Federal Capital
Development Authority (FCDA) to produce the Abuja Master Plan and its regional grid.[37] According to the
terms of reference, the master planning process was to include a review of relevant data, selection of a capital
city site, preparation of regional and city plans and the accompanying design and development standards
manual.[38]

IPA did not exist prior to the Nigerian Government's engagement for an internationally reputable firm to
design the master plan. IPA was formed by a consortium of three American firms which won the worldwide
competitive bidding. The firms were Planning Research Corporation (PRC), Wallace, McHarg, Roberts and
Todd, and Archisystems (a division of the Hughes Organisation). After winning the bid, and completing the
project, the firms were disbanded.

The final report was submitted to the pioneer Executive Secretary of FCDA, Alhaji Abubakar Koko, on 15
February 1979. In the preface to the master plan, the following declaration was made by IPA:

"The master plan for Abuja the new Capital City of Nigeria represents the culmination of 18 months'
work by the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA) board, several advisory panels
consultants. Without the unstinting efforts of these experts, the momentum now exhibited at the
beginning of the actual implementation of the new capital could not have been achieved. The plan
itself represents a milestone in the process of building the new capital city. It is a necessary element
in the monumental effort about to be undertaken by the Nigerian people."

The master plan for Abuja defined the general structure and major design elements of the city that are now
visible. More detailed design of the central areas of the capital, particularly its monumental core, was
accomplished by Japanese architect Kenzo Tange, with his team of city planners at Kenzo Tange and Urtec
company.[39] Most countries relocated their embassies to Abuja, and many maintain their former embassies as
consulates in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria. Abuja is the headquarters of the Economic Community
of West African States (ECOWAS) and the regional headquarters of OPEC. Abuja and the FCT have experienced
huge population growth; it has been reported that some areas around Abuja have been growing at 20% to 30%
per year.[40] Squatter settlements and towns have spread rapidly in and outside the city limits.[9][41] Tens of
thousands of people have been evicted since former FCT minister Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai started a demolition
campaign in 2003.[42][43]

Administration
Abuja city is run by the Abuja Municipal Area Council. In addition to the civic administration the city is the
location for the federal government of Nigeria, and likewise the Federal Capital Territory Administration which
is responsible for the encompassing Federal Capital Territory.
Abuja Municipal Area Council

The Abuja Municipal Area Council is the local government responsible for administration of the city.
Councillorship and chairmanship elections are held regularly. The People's Democratic Party won the 2013
election, as it had in 2010.[44][45]

Federal Capital Territory Administration

The Federal Capital Territory is headed by the Federal Capital Territory Minister, Malam Muhammad Bello,
who is appointed by the central government. The Federal Capital Territory Minister appoints members to the
Abuja Metropolitan Management Council.

The Federal Capital Territory's ministers have been as follows:

Mobolaji Ajose-Adeogun 1976–1979[46]

John Jatau Kadiya, 1979–1982[47]
Iro Abubakar Dan Musa, 1982–1983[48][49]
Haliru Dantoro, 1983–1984[50][51]
Mamman Jiya Vatsa, 1984 – December 1985[52][53]
Hamza Abdullahi, 1986–1989[54]
Gado Nasko, 1989–1993[55]
Jeremiah Timbut Useni, 1993–1998[56][57]
Mamman Kontagora, 1998–1999[58]
Ibrahim Bunu, 1999–2001[59]
Mohammed Abba Gana, 2001–2003[60]
Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai, 2003 – May 2007[61][62]
Aliyu Modibo, 2007–2008[63]
Adamu Aliero, 2008–2010
Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed, 2010–2015[64][65][66][67]
Mohammed Bello, 2015–present[68][69]

Phases

For ease and co-ordination of developmental efforts, the city was divided
into 'Phases' by its planners, with the city's development taking a concentric
form with Phase 1, which consists of the city's inner districts-Central Area,
Maitama, Asokoro, Wuse, Wuse II, Garki, Garki II, Guzape and Guzape II-
at its core spreading out from the foot of Aso Rock, while Phase 5,
consisting of the newly created Kyami District covering the vicinity of the
Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport and the permanent campus of the
University of Abuja, over 40 kilometres west of Aso Rock. Each Phase is Hilton, Abuja
separated from the other by an expressway (some still under construction);
for example, Phases 1 and 2 are separated from each other by the Nnamdi
Azikiwe expressway, while the entirety of the city proper (Phases 1–5) are
enclosed by the Murtala Muhammed (Outer Northern-ONEX and Outer
Southern-OSEX) expressways as well as the Federal A2 highway which
traverses the Federal Capital Territory on its way to Kaduna (north-bound)
and Lokoja (south-bound). Thus there is an integration of the city's road
network with the Federal highway network, providing access to the
immediate outlying countryside and the surrounding states of the country
i.e. Niger State to the west, Kaduna State to the north, Nasarawa State to
the east and Kogi State to the south. Sheraton, Abuja

The Phase 1 area of the city is divided into ten districts known as cadastral
zones.[70]
 Central Cadastral Zone A00
Garki I District Cadastral Zone A01
Wuse 1 District Cadastral Zone A02
Garki II District Cadastral Zone A03
Asokoro Cadastral Zone A04
Maitama District Cadastral Zone A05 & A06
Wuse II Districts (Cadastral Zone A07 & Cadastral Zone A08)
Guzape District Cadastral Zone A09
Maitama II District Cadastral Zone A10

There are also sixteen districts in Phase 2.[70]

Kukwuaba Cadastral Zone B00

Gudu Cadastral Zone B01
Durumi Cadastral Zone B02 National Christian Centre
Wuye Cadastral Zone B03
Jabi Cadastral Zone B04
Utako Cadastral Zone B05
Mabuchi Cadastral Zone B06
Jahi Cadastral Zone B08
Kado Cadastral Zone B09
Dakibiyu Cadastral Zone B10
Kaura Cadastral Zone B11
Duboyi Cadastral Zone B12
Gaduwa Cadastral Zone B13
Abuja National Mosque
Dutse Cadastral Zone B14
Katampe Ext Cadastral Zone B19

There are eleven districts in Phase 3.[70]

Institution and Research Cadastral Zone C00

Karmo Cadastral Zone C01
Gwarimpa Cadastral Zone C02
Dape Cadastral Zone C04
Kafe Cadastral Zone C05
Nbora Cadastral Zone C06
Galadimawa Cadastral Zone C07
Dakwo Cadastral Zone C08
Lokogoma Cadastral Zone C09
Wumba Cadastral Zone C10
Idu Industrial Cadastral Zone C16

There are five suburban districts: Nyanya, Karu, Gwagwalada, Kubwa, and Jukwoyi. Along the Airport Road
(Now Umaru Musa Yar'Adua Express Way) are clusters of satellite settlements, namely Lugbe, Chika,
Kuchigworo and Pyakassa. Other satellite settlements are Idu (the main industrial zone), Mpape, Karimu,
Gwagwa, Dei-Dei (housing the International Livestock market and also International Building materials
market).[71]

Cityscape
The Abuja skyline is made up of mostly mid-range and a few tall buildings. Only recently have tall buildings
begun to appear. Most of the buildings are modern, reflecting that it is a new city.

Plans were made to build skyscrapers such as the Millennium Tower which is partly completed as work has
stalled for the last few years. This structure looms 170 metres (560 ft) above the city. The tower is part of a huge
cultural development complex called the Nigeria National Complex including the Nigeria Cultural Centre, a
120,000 m2 (1,300,000 sq ft) structure dedicated to the art and culture of
Nigeria. The Cultural Centre and the Millennium Tower have been designed
by the Italian architect Manfredi Nicoletti.[72]

Landmarks include the Millennium Tower, the Central Bank of Nigeria

headquarters, the Nigerian Presidential Complex, the Ship House, the
National Stadium, which was the main venue of the 2003 All Africa Games
and some games, including the final, of the 2009 FIFA Under-17 World
Cup, National Mosque, the National Church, Aso Rock and Zuma Rock.[72]
Spectators at a football match held
at the Abuja National Stadium
Parks and open areas

Abuja is home to several parks and green areas with the largest one being
Millennium Park. Millennium Park was designed by architect Manfredi
Nicoletti and was officially opened by the United Kingdom's Queen
Elizabeth II (the former Queen of Nigeria) in December 2003. Another
open area park is located in Lifecamp Gwarimpa; near the residence of the
Minister of the Federal Capital Territory. The park is located on a slightly
raised hilltop which contains sports facilities like Basketball and Badminton
courts another park is the city park, it is located in wuse 2 and is home to
numerous outdoor and indoor attractions such as a 4D cinema, Astro-turf, Jabi lake
lawn tennis court, paintball arena and a variety of restaurants. The National
Children's Park and Zoo host a number of animals, and recreation spots.[73]

Bush Bars

Abuja has a variety of informal spaces known as "Bush Bars" that usually,
though not always, include a covered area with tables and chairs where
people can sit and have drinks (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) and sometimes
there are snacks such as suya, grilled catfish, pounded yam, egusi soup and
other small items available for purchase. They are located all over
Abuja.[74][75]
National Children's Park and Zoo
Central Business District

Abuja's Central District, also called Central Area, is a strip of land stretching from Aso Rock in the east to the
National Stadium and the Old City gate in the West. It is like the city's spinal cord, dividing it into the northern
sector with Maitama and Wuse, and the southern sector with Garki and Asokoro. While each district has its
own clearly demarcated commercial and residential sectors, the Central District is the city's principal Business
Zone, where practically all parastatals and multinational corporations have their offices. An attractive area in
the Central District is the region known as the Three Arms Zone, so-called because it houses the
administrative offices of the executive, legislative and judicial arms of the federal government. A few of the
other sites worth seeing in the area are the federal secretariats alongside Shehu Shagari Way, Aso Hill, the
Abuja Plant Nursery, Eagle Square (which has important historic significance, as it was in this grounds that the
present democratic dispensation had its origin on 29 May 1999) and in which all subsequent Presidential
Inauguration ceremonies have taken place. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is situated across Shehu Shagari
Way facing Eagle Square. This section is usually closed to traffic during the annual Armed Forces
Remembrance Day ceremonies that is observed on 15 January. The National Mosque and National Church of
Nigeria are opposite each other on either side of Independence Avenue.[76] A well-known government office is
the Ministry of Defense, colloquially nicknamed "Ship House".[77] Also located here is the yet-to-be-completed
National Square, Millennium tower and Nigeria Cultural Centre multi-functional complex.

Garki District

The Garki District is the area in the southwest corner of the city, having the Central District to the north and the
Asokoro District to the east. The district is subdivided into units called "Areas". Garki uses a distinctive naming
convention of "Area" to refer to parts of Garki. These are designated as Areas 1 to 11. Garki II is used to
differentiate the area from Garki Area 2. Visitors may find this system confusing.
Garki is presently the principal business and administrative district of Abuja. Numerous buildings of interest
are in this area. Some of them include the General Post Office, Abuja International Conference Centre along the
busy Herbert Macaulay Way, Nicon Luxury Hotel (formally known as Abuja Sofitel Hotel and Le Meridian),
Agura Hotel and Old Federal Secretariat Complex Buildings (Area 1). A new five-star hotel, Hawthorn Suites
Abuja, is in Garki.[12]

Area 2 is mainly used for residential purposes, although a zoological garden, as well as a small shopping centre,
are to be found here as well. Several banks and other commercial offices are located along Moshood Abiola Way
in Area 7. The headquarters of the Nigerian Armed Forces – Army, Airforce and Navy – is located on
Muhammadu Buhari Way in the Garki District.

The tallest building in this district is the Radio House located at the Area 11 sector, which houses the Federal
Ministry of Information and Communications, the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) and Voice of
Nigeria (VON). The Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) stations and corporate headquarters are also in Garki.
The Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA) which oversees and runs the Administration of the Federal
Capital Territory has its offices in Garki.

The Office of the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory is in Area 11. This is the location of the Federal
Capital Development Authority and other administrative buildings. A popular sub-neighborhood here is found
in the vicinity of Gimbiya street, because it has the unique characteristic of being a purely administrative zone
on weekdays, while transforming purely into an entertainment zone on weeknights and weekends.[78]

Other places of note include the Cyprian Ekwensi Arts & Culture Centre and
The Nigerian Police Mobile Force CID (Criminal Investigation Department)
headquarters in Area 10. The Abuja Municipal Area Council, which is the
local government administration has its headquarters in Area 10. The new
United States Embassy is in the Diplomatic Zone which adjoins Garki.

Wuse District

Wuse District is the northwestern part of the city, with the Maitama District
to its north and the Central District to its south. The District is numbered
Zones 1–6. The Wuse Market is Abuja's principal market. The second most
important post office in the city is here. This district houses the Sheraton
Hotel and Towers (Zone 4), Grand Ibro International hotel, the Federal
Road Safety Corps Headquarters (Zone 3), Nigerian Customs Services
Headquarters, Federal Civil Service Commission (Zone 3), National Agency
for Food and Drugs Administration (NAFDAC) (Zone 7), Wuse General Jabi lake mall
Hospital, and the Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation. Just as
Garki District has Garki II, Wuse has Wuse II. This is distinct from Wuse
Zone 2.

Maitama District

Maitama District is to the north of the

city, with the Wuse and Central Districts
lying to its southwest and southeast
respectively. This area is home to the
top bracket sections of society and
Millennium Park in Maitama District business, and has the reputation of
being very exclusive and very expensive.
Interesting buildings include the
Transcorp Hilton Abuja,[79] Nigerian Communications Commission Millennium Park water fountain at
Headquarters (NCC), National Universities Commission (NUC), Soil night
Conservation Complex, and Independent National Electoral Commission
(INEC). The British High Commission is located along Aguiyi Ironsi Way, in
Maitama. Also, the Maitama District Hospital is another notable building in Maitama. Maitama District is
home to many of the European and Asian embassies.
Maitama II District

Maitama II District Cadastral Zone A10 is a new district created by the FCT administration of Muhammed Bello
in 2018. Maitama 2 as it is unofficially called was created from Mpape hills, a suburb bothering Bwari and
Maitama Districts of the FCT. Maitama II has a high net worth of individuals especially legislators as allottees,
which makes it a destination for real estate investors who desire to secure the future today.

It is not very clear what the government plans for the district as not much has been said by government agents,
but cadastral zoning A indicates the government has good plans for Maitama 2 to correct some errors in
Maitama District.

It was learned that plots of land were revoked from allottees of Mpape district to create the new Maitama II
District, although a compensation plan is underway to relocate the revoked allottees to another district the
government intends to create. Fortunately, some developers of the Mpape district who have building plan
approval and have started building maintain their plots and allocations and are covered in the Maitama II
District layout. It is not clear though if a fresh allocation bearing Maitama II District has been issued to this set
of allottees.

Notable landmarks of the Maitama 2 district are Jubilation Avenue, Mount Pleasant Haven and Hilltop Estate.

The district infrastructure is in top gear as the Federal Government had in the 2018 and 2019 budgets allocated
about N1.3b for the engineering design of the district. Villages around the district are leaving in fear of
demolition at any time with the information reaching them that government will commence the infrastructure
project of Maitama II District.[80]

Asokoro District

Asokoro District, the doyen of the districts, houses all of the state's lodges/guesthouses. The ECOWAS
secretariat is a focal point of interest. Asokoro is to the east of Garki District and south of Central District. It is
one of the most exclusive districts of Abuja and houses virtually all of the federal cabinet ministers as well as
most of the diplomatic community in the city; in addition, the Presidential Palace (commonly referred to as the
Aso Rock) is in Asokoro District. By virtue of this fact, Asokoro is the most secure area of the city.

Jabi District

Jabi is a developed district in phase 2 of Abuja. It is both residential and commercial in nature. The residential
parts of the district are peaceful with streets of large gated houses being a prominent feature. The more
commercial parts of the area are significantly busier. The district plays host to the Jabi Lake, which sits by the
Jabi Lake Mall.[81]

Gwarimpa District

Gwarimpa is the last district in the Abuja Municipal Area Council. It is a 20-kilometre (12 mi) drive from the
central district and contains the largest single housing estate in Nigeria, the Gwarimpa Housing Estate. The
estate was built by the administration of General Sani Abacha and is the largest of its kind in Africa. It provides
residence for the majority of the civil servants in federal ministries and government parastatals. The ECOWAS
Court has an official quarter for the President and Members of the Court in Gwarimpa.

Durumi District

Durumi District is located southwest of Abuja and is bordered by Garki Districts I and II to the northeast. Its
borders are the Oladipo Diya Road to the southwest, the Nnamdi Azikiwe Express Way to the northeast, and
Ahmadu Bello Way to the southeast.[82]

The American International School of Abuja is located in the Durumi District.[83][84]

Apo District
It receives one of the best power supplies in the whole of Abuja.[85]

Geography
The elevation is 360 metres (1,180 ft).[86]

Climate

Abuja under Köppen climate classification features a tropical wet and dry
climate (Köppen: Aw). The FCT experiences three weather conditions
annually. This includes a warm, humid rainy season and a blistering dry
season.[87] In between the two, there is a brief interlude of harmattan
occasioned by the northeast trade wind, with the main feature of dust haze Abuja, Nigeria
and cloudless skies.

The rainy season begins from April and ends in October,[88] when daytime temperatures reach 28 °C (82.4 °F)
to 30 °C (86.0 °F) and nighttime lows hover around 22 °C (71.6 °F) to 23 °C (73.4 °F).[89] In the dry season,
daytime temperatures can soar as high as 40  °C (104.0  °F) and overnight temperatures can dip to 15  °C
(59.0 °F). Even the coolest nights can be followed by daytime temperatures well above 30 °C (86.0 °F).[89] The
medium altitude and undulating terrain of the FCT act as a moderating influence on the weather of the
territory. The city's inland location causes the diurnal temperature variation to be much larger than coastal
cities with similar climates such as Lagos.

Rainfall in the FCT reflects the territory's location on the windward side of the Jos Plateau and the zone of
rising air masses with the city receiving frequent rainfall during the rainy season from April to October every
year.[90]

The effects of climate change have been observed in Abuja, according to a study conducted by the Nigerian
Meteorological Agency and Atmospheric Science Group of Imo State University.[91] Between 1993 and 2013,
the average maximum temperature trended downward, but the average minimum and mean temperatures
trended upwards.[91] There was a downward trend for rainfall in Abuja, based on data collected between 1986
and 2016.[92][93] The drought occurrence probability for Abuja increased by 15.4% between 1975 and 2014.[94]

Climate data for Abuja

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record
36.0
38.4
39.7
39.0
39.3
34.0
32.0
31.2
31.0
35.0
37.9
37.6
39.7

high °C
(96.8) (101.1) (103.5) (102.2) (102.7) (93.2) (89.6) (88.2) (87.8) (95.0) (100.2) (99.7) (103.5)
(°F)

Average
33.7
37.1
37.0
34.9
33.7
30.4
28.9
28.4
29.3
30.1
34.7
34.8
32.8

high °C
(92.7) (98.8) (98.6) (94.8) (92.7) (86.7) (84.0) (83.1) (84.7) (86.2) (94.5) (94.6) (91.0)
(°F)

Daily
26.1
28.7
30.5
28.9
28.6
26.9
25.9
24.8
25.4
27.0
28.0
27.6
27.4

mean
(79.0) (83.7) (86.9) (84.0) (83.5) (80.4) (78.6) (76.6) (77.7) (80.6) (82.4) (81.7) (81.3)
°C (°F)

Average
19.2
22.2
25.4
24.5
24.4
23.4
23.1
22.4
22.7
23.6
21.1
20.8
22.7

low °C
(66.6) (72.0) (77.7) (76.1) (75.9) (74.1) (73.6) (72.3) (72.9) (74.5) (70.0) (69.4) (72.9)
(°F)

Record
15.0
18.6
20.0
21.7
21.6
20.8
20.3
20.0
20.0
21.6
17.0
17.0
15.0

low °C
(59.0) (65.5) (68.0) (71.1) (70.9) (69.4) (68.5) (68.0) (68.0) (70.9) (62.6) (62.6) (59.0)
(°F)

Average
rainfall 3
7
16
73
137
187
216
272
233
117
7
2
1,270

mm (0.1) (0.3) (0.6) (2.9) (5.4) (7.4) (8.5) (10.7) (9.2) (4.6) (0.3) (0.1) (50.1)
(inches)

Average
rainy 0.1 0.2 1.3 3.2 9.4 10.3 13.0 17.2 15.9 8.0 0.3 0.1 79
days

Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst.[95]

Environmental impact reduction

Vegetation

The FCT falls within the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic zone of the West African sub-region.[96] Patches of
rain forest, however, occur in the Gwagwa plains, especially in the rugged terrain to the southeastern parts of
the territory, where a landscape of gullies and rough terrain is found. These areas of the Federal Capital
Territory (FCT) form one of the few surviving occurrences of the mature forest vegetation in Nigeria.

Gallery

Abuja city gate Zuma rock Terminal at the Abuja Nigeria's National
International Airport Assembly Building with
the Mace

The Ministry of Foreign Shehu Musa Yar'adua Glass Dome of Shehu Side view of Central
Affairs Center Musa Yar'adua Centre Bank of Nigeria, Abuja
in Abuja


Usman Dam, Bwari Nigeria Senate Millennium Park Abuja Millennium Park
Abuja Building (Red
Chamber)

Green hills View of Abuja from

Katampe hill

Demographics
At the 2006 census, the city of Abuja had a population of 776,298,[15] making it then the eighth most populous
city in Nigeria. United Nations figures showed that Abuja grew by 139.7% between 2000 and 2010, making it
the fastest growing city in the world.[17] As of 2015, the city is experiencing an annual growth of at least 35%,
retaining its position as the fastest-growing city on the African continent and one of the fastest-growing in the
world.[18]

Conurbation

Abuja has witnessed a huge influx of people into the city; the growth has led to the emergence of satellite towns,
such as Karu Urban Area, Suleja, Gwagwalada, Lugbe, Kuje and smaller settlements towards which the planned
city is sprawling. The urban agglomeration centred upon Abuja had a population estimated at 3,770,000 in
2022.[3] The metropolitan area of Abuja was estimated in 2016 as six million persons, the country's second-
most populous metro area.[2] The city has a large and growing immigrant community consisting mainly of
nationals from the ECOWAS sub-region. The city has been undergoing a rapid pace of physical development
over the last fifteen years.

Economy and infrastructure

Real estate

Real estate is a major driver of the Abuja economy. This correlates with the considerable growth and
investment the city has seen as it has developed. The sources of this investment have been both foreign and
local. The real estate sector continues to have a positive impact on the city, as it is a major avenue for
employment.[97]

Postal system

Abuja is served by the Nigerian Postal Service which maintains postal codes, street names and zones.[98]
Transportation

Airport

Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport is the main airport serving Abuja and the surrounding capital region. It
was named after Nigeria's first president, Nnamdi Azikiwe. The airport has international and domestic
terminals.

Abuja Highway Panoramic

Highways

Abuja is also linked to Nasarawa, Plateau, Benue and Northeast Nigeria by the A234 Federal Highway, which
starts from the city as the Goodluck Jonathan expressway, some portions of which are still under construction.
A direct highway link to Minna in Niger State is still under construction. The A2 expressway links Abuja with
Kaduna in the north and Lokoja in the south. There are also other highway links with the outlying region, such
as that linking the suburb of Dutse Alhaji with the Lower Usuma and Gurara Dams, which supply water to the
city.[99]

Rail

Abuja is on the route of the planned Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway, which has
been completed between Abuja and Kaduna. Trains for Kaduna depart from the Idu
Railway Station in Abuja. There is a car park at the train station for passengers
traveling to the city centre.[100] Abuja light rail system serves city's centre, Idu Cars on Sani Abacha
industrial neighbourhood and airport, opened in 2018 and became the first rapid way, Abuja
transit in the country and in Western Africa.

Education
Abuja is also known as one of the states in Nigeria that provides quality post-
secondary education. It's speedily becoming an attraction for students due to the
growing presence of both public and private universities.[101]
Abuja-Kubwa
expressway part of the
To educate the population of the Federal Capital Territory and face up to the epidemic
A234 highway in
of COVID-19, Abuja Municipal Area Council created a chatbot that can communicate
Nigeria
in all local languages and helps recognize symptoms early on.[102]

Universities
African University of Science and Technology[103]
Baze University[104]
 National Open University of Nigeria[105]
Nile University of Nigeria[106][107][108]
University of Abuja[109]
Veritas University[110][111]
Philomath University[112]

Train at Idu Station Platform

International schools
The Centagon International School, Maitama[113]
American International School of Abuja[114]
Whiteplains British School, Jabi[115][116]
École Française Marcel Pagnol
Abraham Lincoln American Academy, Abuja

Honorary citizens
Abuja Rail Mass Transit map
People awarded the Honorary citizenship of Abuja are:

Date Name Notes

4 July Emmanuel Macron (21 December
President of France (2017–).[117]
2018 1977–)
30 August Rt. Hon. Theresa May (1 October Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
2018 1956–) (2016–2019).[118]

See also
Centenary City

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External links
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