Spell Classes (Get the spell of success.

) ® 1

ALGEBRA OF MATRICES
Q 1. If A = [aij] = is a matrix given by

 4 2 1 3 

A  [a ij ]   5 7 9 6 
 21 15 18 25

Write the order of A and find the elements a24, a34. Also, show that a32 = a23 + a24. [Ans. 3X4]
i j
Q 2. Construct a 2 × 3 matrix A = [aij] whose elements are given by a ij  .
i j

 a  b 2  6 2 
Q 3. If   , find the values of a and b.
 5 ab  5 8 

Q 4. Find a matrix X such that 2A + B + X = 0, where

 1 2  3 2
A , B 1 5  [CBSE 2000]
 3 4  

9 1 1 5 
Q 5. If A    , B  7 12  , find matrix C such that 5 A + 3B + 2C is a null matrix.
7 8  
Q 6. Find a matrix X such that 2A + B + X = O, where
 1 2  3 2 
A  ,B    [CBSE 2000]
 3 4 1 5 

Q 7. Find x, y, z and t, if
x 5  3 4   7 14 
2    [NCERT, CBSE 2002]
 7 y  3 1 2  15 14 
Q 8. Prove that product of matrices
 cos 2  cos  sin   cos2  cos  sin 
  and  
 cos  sin  sin 2   cos  sin  sin 2  


is the null matrix, when  and  differ by an odd multiple of .
2
 0  tan( / 2)
Q 9. Let A   tan( / 2) 0  and I be the identity matrix of order 2.
 

cos   sin  
Show that I + A = (I - A)  sin  cos  
[NCERT]


 1 3 2  1
Q 10. Find the value of x such that [1 x 1]  2 5 1 2   0 [CBSE 2006]
15 3 2  x 

Contact numbers: 9893044046-64

Spell Classes (Get the spell of success.) ® 2

 1 0 1 0 
Q 11. A    and I    , then find k so that A2 - 8A = kI [CBSE 2005]
 1 7  0 1 

 cos x  sin x 0 
Q 12. Let F(x)   sin x cos x 0  . Show that F(x) F(y) = F(x + y). [NCERT]
 
 0 0 1 

 2 0 1
 2 1 3
Q 13. Let f(x) = x2 – 5x + 6. Find f(A) if A =  
 1 1 0 

 2 1  0 4 2
Q 14. If A    ,B    , find 3A – 2B + I [CBSE 2005]
 3 2   1 7 
 cos 2 sin 2  2
Q 15. If A    , find A . [CBSE 2000C]
  sin 2 cos 2 
Q 16. If w is a complex cube root of unity, show that

 1 w w2   w w2 1    1  0
   
 w w2 1   w 2 1 w    w    0 
 w 2 1 w   w w2 1    w 2   0 

( Hint: 1+w+w2=0 and w3=1 )

2 1 2   x 
Q 17. If  x 4 1 1 0 2   4   0 , find x
 0 2 4   1

 3 1
Q 18. If. A    , show that A2 - 5A + 7I2= O [CBSE 2003,2007]
 1 2 
 3 5 
Q 19. If A    , find A2 - 5A - 14I. [CBSE 2004]
 4 2 
 2 3 3 2
Q 20. (i) If A    , show that A - 4A + A = O.
 1 2 
 3 1 2 4
(ii) If A    show that A -5A + 7I = O use this to find A . [NCERT]
 1 2 
 3 2  2
Q 21. If A    , find k such that A = kA - 2I2 [NCERT CBSE 2003]
 4  2 
 1 0 2
Q 22. If A    , find k such that A - 8A + kI = 0. [CBSE 2005]
 1 7 
1 2
Q 23. If A    , f(x) = x2 - 2x - 3,show that f(A) = 0 [CBSE 2005]
2 1
Contact numbers: 9893044046-64
Spell Classes (Get the spell of success.) ® 3

2 3 1 0
Q 24. If A    and I    ,then
1 2   0 1
(i) find ,  so that A2 = A + I (ii) prove that A3 - 4A2 + A = O [CBSE 2005]
Q 25. Find the value of x for which the matrix product

 2 0 7    x 14x 7x 
0 1 0   0 1 0 
  equal an identity matrix.
 1 2 1   x 4x 2x 

Q 26. Find the matrix A such that

 1 1 3 3 5 1 2 3   7 8 9 
(i)   A  (ii) A    [NCERT]
 0 1 1 0 1  4 5 6  2 4 6 

a b  n a n b(a n  1) / a  1
Q 27. If A  0 1  , prove that A    for every positive integer n.
  0 1 
 cos  i sin  
Q 28. If A    , then prove by principle of mathematical induction that
i sin  cos  
 cos n i sin  
An    for all n  N. [CBSE 2005]
i sin n cos n 

 0 2y z 
A   x y  z 
Q 29.Find the values of x, y, z if the matrix satisfy the equation ATA = I3.
 x  y z 

 3 2 4
 3 2 5
Q 30.Express the matrix   as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
 1 1 2 

[CBSE 2010]
Q 31. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order, write whether AB - BA is symmetric or
skew-symmetric or neither of the two
Q 32. A store in a mall has three dozen shirts with ‘SAVE ENVIRONMENT’ printed, two dozen shirts
‘SAVE TIGER’ printed and five dozen shirts with ‘GROW PLANTS’ printed. The cost of each shirt is
Rs. 595, Rs. 610 and Rs. 795 respectively. All these items were sold in a day. Find total collection of
the store using matrix method.Which shirt you would like to buy and why ?
Q 33. There are three families. First family consists of 2 male members, 4 female members and 3
children. Second family consists of 3 male members, 3 female members and 2 children. Third family
consists of 2 male members, 2 female members and 5 children. Male member earns Rs. 500 per day and
spends Rs.300 per day. Female member earns Rs.400 per day and spends Rs. 250 per day, child member
spends Rs.40 per day. Find the money each family saves per day using matrices? What is the necessity
of saving in the family?
Q 34. Three shopkeepers A, B, C go to a store to buy stationary. A purchases 12 dozen notebooks, 5
dozen pens and 6 dozen pencils. B purchases 10 dozen notebooks, 6 dozen pens and 7 dozen pencils.C
purchases 11 dozen notebooks, 13 dozen pens and 8 dozen pencils. A note book costs 40 paise, a pen

Contact numbers: 9893044046-64

Spell Classes (Get the spell of success.) ® 4

costs Rs. 1.25 and a pencil cost 35 paise. Use matrix multiplication to calculate each individual’s bill.
What values should not come across the shopkeeper’s mind to compete?

Q 35. Let A = =0 0G, Show that ( a I + b A )n = an I + n an-1 b A, where I is the identity matrix of order
0 1

2 and n! N.

ELEMENTRY ROW TRANSFORMATION

Elementry row transformation method is used to find inverse of a matrix, to find inverse put A=IA
apply same operations both the sides and when L.H.S matrix becomes unit matrix then R.H.S matrix I
becomes A-1 .

a a 
For 2X2 matrix  11 12  the steps are:
 a21 a22 
1.Make the a11 element 1 by dividing R 1 by a11
2.Make the a21 element 0 by applying R2  R2  a21 R1
3.Make a22 element 1 by dividing R 2 by a22
4.Finally make a12 element 0 by applying R1  R1  a12 R2

 a11 a12 a13 

 
For 3X3 matrix  a21 a22 a23  the steps are:
 a31 a32 a33 
1.Make the a11 element 1 by dividing R 1 by a11
2.Make the a21 and a31 element 0 by applying R2  R2  a21 R1 and R3  R3  a31 R1
3.Make a22 element 1 by dividing R 2 by a22
4.Make a12 and a32 element 0 by applying R1  R1  a12 R2 and R3  R3  a32 R2
5.Make a33 element 1 by dividing R 3 by a33
6.Make a13 and a23 element 0 by applying R1  R1  a13 R3 and R2  R2  a23 R2

While applying operations if a complete row of matrix becomes zero then inverse of matrix is not
possible.

Q 36. Find the inverse of each of the following matrices by using elementary row transformations:

 2 1 4 
 1 6  2 5 4 0 2
(i)  3 5  (ii)  1 3 [CBSE 2010] (iii)   [CBSE 2008]
     3 2 7 

 3 0 1  1 3 2 
2 3 0   3 0 1
(iv)   [CBSE 2009] (v)   [CBSE 2011]
 0 4 1   2 1 0 

Contact numbers: 9893044046-64

Spell Classes (Get the spell of success.) ® 5

ANSWERS
 1 1
 0   
3 2  1 2 
1. 3 X 4 2. A    3. a = 2, b = 4 4. X   
 1 1  7 13
 
 3 5 

 24 10   1 2 
5.   6.   7. x = 2, y = 9 10. x = -2 or -14
 28 38   7 13

 1 1 3   4 20  cos 4 sin 4 

11. k = -7 13. f (A)   1 1 10  14.   15.  
  38 10   sin 4 cos 4
 5 4 4 

 0 0
17. x = -2, - 1 19.   21. k = 1 22. k = 7
 0 0

1  2 3 4  1 2 
24.  = 4,  = -1 25. 26. (i)   (ii)  
5 1 0 1 2 0 
1 1 1
27. x   ,y   ,z   31. Skew-symmetric 32. 83760
2 6 3
R V R V R V R V R V R V
S2 4 3W S 200 W S880W S144 60 72 W S0.40 W S157.8 W
33. SS3 3 2WW # SS 150 WW = SS970WW 34. SS120 72 84 WW # SS1.25 WW = SS167.4 WW
S2 2 5W S-40W S500W S132 156 72 W S0.35 W S 273 W
T X T X T X T X T X T X
 2 1 / 2 1  3 4 3 
1 5 6   3 5  11 1 6   2 3 2
36. (i) (ii)  (iii)  (iv)  
23 3 1  
 1 2   4 1 / 2 2   8 12 9 

 1 2 3
 2 4 7 
(v)  
 3 5 9 

Contact numbers: 9893044046-64