INDUSTRIES & MARKETS

Container shipping worldwide

 Table of Contents

01 Overview 03 Companies
Global maritime trade carried by containers 1980-2020 03 Major marine terminal operators worldwide based on throughput 2020 22
Containerized cargo flows 2021, by trade route 04 Leading ocean freight forwarders worldwide based on TEUs 2021 23
Capacity of container ships in seaborne trade 1980-2021 05 Leading container ship operators based on total TEUs 2022 24
YoY change in global container fleet capacity 2020-2023 06 Leading container ship operators - share of world liner fleet 2022 25
Share of the container fleet capacity not utilized 2019-2022 07 Shanghai International Port's revenue FY 2011-2021 26
Global container ship TEU capacity deployment by trade route 2021-2022 08 PSA International - revenue 2009-2021 27
Merchant container ship fleet size of selected regions 1996-2021 09 Kuehne + Nagel 's worldwide revenue 2006-2021 28
Number of merchant ships by type 2021 10 Revenue of Sinotrans 2010-2021 29
Size of container ship fleet 2021, by nationality of operator 11 AP Møller - Mærsk's revenue A/S 2006-2021 30
Monthly container freight rate index worldwide 2019-2022 12 Revenue of COSCO SHIPPING HOLD 2010-2021 31
Projected size of the container shipping market worldwide 2020-2028 13

02 Container terminals
Global container port capacity 2002-2024 15
Global container port throughput 2012-2025 16
Global container shipping throughput 2016-2022 17
Largest container ports worldwide based on throughput 2021 18
Breakdown of automated container terminals by country or territory 2021 19
Median time spent in port by container ships worldwide by segment 2020 20

1
CHAPTER 01

Overview
 International seaborne trade carried by container ships from 1980 to 2020
(in billion tons loaded)
Global maritime trade carried by containers 1980-2020

2.0
1.85 1.85 1.85
1.8 1.75
1.7
1.6
1.6
Trade in billion tons loaded

1.4
1.2
1.2

1.0 0.95

0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2 0.15
0.1

0.0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3 Description: The volume of international seaborne trade carried by container ships between 1980 and 2020 steadily increased. Globally, seaborne containerized cargo amounted to around 1.85 billion tons loaded in 2020. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 1980 to 2020
Source(s): Clarkson Research Services; Statista estimates; UNCTAD
 Estimated containerized cargo flows on major container trade routes in
2021, by trade route (in million TEUs)
Containerized cargo flows 2021, by trade route

Cargo flow in million TEUs

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Trans-Pacific 31.2
Trade route

Europe-Asia-Europe 26.3

Translatlantic 8

4 Description: Over 31 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of cargo are expected to be transported across the Pacific Ocean in 2021, making Trans-Pacific routes the largest shipping zone in terms of load size. As a result of growing globalization, the volume of
seaborne trade reached some 11 billion metric tons in 2020. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide
Source(s): MDS Transmodal; UNCTAD
 Capacity of container ships in seaborne trade from 1980 to 2021 (in million
dwt)
Capacity of container ships in seaborne trade 1980-2021

300
282
275
266
253
244 246
250
228
Capacity in million dwt

200
169

150

98
100

64
44
50
26
20
11

0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

5 Description: In 2021 the world merchant container ship fleet had a capacity of around 282 million metric tons deadweight. As of January 2020, there were 5,360 container ships in the world's merchant fleet. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide
Source(s): Clarkson Research Services; UNCTAD
 Year-on-year (YoY) change in the capacity of the global container fleet
from 2020 to 2021, with a forecast for 2022 and 2023
YoY change in global container fleet capacity 2020-2023

8%
7.5%

7%

6%
Container fleet growth

5%
4.5%
4.3%

4%

3%
3%

2%

1%

0%
2020 2021 2022* 2023*

6 Description: The capacity of the global container fleet grew by some 4.3 percent year-on-year in 2021. It is projected that the growth rate will reach 4.5 percent in 2022 and 7.5 percent in 2023, reflecting the spike in orders of container ships in 2021. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2020 and 2021; * Forecast Read more
Source(s): IHS Markit
 Share of the global container fleet capacity lost due to port congestions
and vessel delays from 2019 to 2022
Share of the container fleet capacity not utilized 2019-2022

16%
Share of the global container fleet capacity lost

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%
D 1, 2 9

D 1, 2 0

D 1, 2 1
Ap , 2 9

Ap , 2 0

Ap , 2 1

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N 1, 2 1

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1 19

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M 1, 2 9

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g 01

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ov 0

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7 Description: Between January 2019 and February 2022, utilization of container ship capacity became an issue. In January 2019, about 2.9 percent of the global container fleet capacity was unutilized. In February 2022, this figure grew to 11.6 percent, primarily due to
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the worldwide supply chain. Delays of container ships and trade imbalances were among the main reasons for the low capacity utilization rate in 2021 and 2022. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2019 to 2022
Source(s): Sea-Intelligence
 Deployment of container ship capacity worldwide from January 2021 to
January 2022, by trade route (in million TEUs)
Global container ship TEU capacity deployment by trade route 2021-2022

Capacity in million TEUs

January 1, 2022 January 1, 2021

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Asia - North America 5.45

4.15
Asia - Europe 5.4
4.9
Latin America 3.1
2.9
Middle East/ISC* 2.9
2.85
Intra Asia 2.7
3
Africa 1.65
1.8
Europe - North America 1
1
Intra Europe 1
1.05
Oceania 0.9
0.9

8 Description: At the beginning of 2022, container ships on the Asia - North America shipping route had a combined capacity of about 5.45 million TEUs. This represents an increase of some 31 percent compared with the beginning of 2021. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; January 1, 2021 and 2022; * Indian Subcontinent Countries. Read more
Source(s): Alphaliner; DHL; Statista estimates; Various sources (Carriers)
 Merchant container ship fleet carrying capacity of selected regions from
1996 to 2021, by flag of registration (in 1,000 deadweight tons)
Merchant container ship fleet size of selected regions 1996-2021

Developed Europe Developing Asia Developing America Developed America Developed Asia NAFTA GCC
100,000
Carrying capacity in thousand deadweight tons

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0
96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

9 Description: In 2021, developing Asia's container ship fleet had a carrying capacity of almost 9.2 million deadweight tons. The container ship fleet of developed Europe had a combined capacity of roughly 7.3 million deadweight tons. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 1996 to 2021
Source(s): UNCTAD
 Number of ships in the world merchant fleet as of January 1, 2021, by type
Number of merchant ships by type 2021

Number of ships
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000

General cargo ships 15,106

Bulk cargo carriers 12,258

Crude oil tankers 7,350

Ro-Ro/ Passenger ships 7,027

Chemical tankers 5,664

Container ships 5,307

Liquefied natural gas tankers 2,031

10 Description: Of the around 55,000 merchant ships trading internationally, some 15,000 ships were general cargo ships as of January 1, 2021. General cargo ships thus accounted for roughly 27 percent of the world merchant fleet. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; as of January 1, 2021
Source(s): ISL; Marine Flottenkommando
 Container ship fleet size as of January 4, 2021, by nationality of operator
(in gross tonnage)
Size of container ship fleet 2021, by nationality of operator

Gross tonnage
0 20,000,000 40,000,000 60,000,000 80,000,000 100,000,000 120,000,000 140,000,000 160,000,000 180,000,000 200,000,000

Greece 176,894,157

Singapore 134,299,723

China 128,301,436

Japan 117,689,836

Denmark 62,858,174

Hong Kong 61,777,483

Germany 61,528,955

U.S. 60,146,030

South Korea 59,722,383

Switzerland 56,518,967

UK 53,786,897

11 Description: As of January 4, 2021, Greece operated the largest merchant fleet in terms of gross tonnage in the world. Singapore ranked second, followed with China and Japan. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; as of January 4, 2021
Source(s): Danske Rederier; Various sources (IHS Seaweb)
 Global container freight rate index from January 2019 to October 2022 (in
U.S. dollars)
Monthly container freight rate index worldwide 2019-2022

12,000

10,000
Freight rate in U.S. dollars

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0
September '19

September '20

September '21

September '22
December '19

December '20

December '21
November '19

November '20

November '21
October '19

October '20

October '21

October '22
February '19

February '20

February '21

February '22
March '19

May '19

March '20

May '20

March '21

May '21

March '22

May '22
June '19

June '20

June '21

June '22
April '19

July '19

April '20

July '20

April '21

July '21

April '22

July '22
August '19

August '20

August '21

August '22
January '19

January '20

January '21

January '22
12 Description: Container freight rates increased dramatically between January 2019 and October 2022. The year 2021 saw an especially steep increase in global freight rates, reaching a record price of nearly 10,400 U.S. dollars in September 2021. In October 2022, the
global freight rate index stood at 3,100 U.S. dollars. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; January 2019 to October 2022
Source(s): Drewry; MacroMicro
 Projected size of the global shipping container market between 2020 and
2028 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Projected size of the container shipping market worldwide 2020-2028

18

15.87
16
14.17
14
Market size in billion U.S. dollars

12.65

12 11.3
10.09
10 9.01
8.04
8 7.18
6.41
6

0
2020* 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025* 2026* 2027* 2028*

13 Description: Between 2020 and 2028, the global container shipping market is forecast to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of some 12 percent. While the market was sized at some 6.41 billion U.S. dollars in 2020, it is expected to reach the value of
around 15.87 billion U.S. dollars in 2028. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2020; * Forecast This Statista estimate is based on the 2020 value and the compound annual growth rate until 2028 of 12%, which were provided by the source. An exponential development of the value was assumed. Read more
Source(s): Grand View Research; Statista
CHAPTER 02

Container terminals
 Container capacity at ports worldwide from 2002 to 2019 with a forecast
for 2020 until 2024 (in million TEUs)
Global container port capacity 2002-2024

1,400

1,200

1,000
Capacity in million TEUs

800

600

400

200

0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024*

15 Description: The capacity of container ports worldwide increased between 2002 and 2019. While container ports globally could handle around 380 million TEUs of containerized cargo in 2002, their capacity reached almost 1.2 billion TEUs in 2019. Moreover, it is
projected that container ports' capacity will continue to grow in the coming years. In 2024, the combined capacity of the world's container ports is expected to reach nearly 1.3 billion TEUs. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2002 to 2019; * Forecast. Read more
Source(s): Cargotec Oyj; Drewry; Statista estimates
 Container throughput at ports worldwide from 2012 to 2021 with a
forecast for 2022 through 2025 (in million TEUs)
Global container port throughput 2012-2025

1,200

978
1,000 949
919
888
849
Throughput in million TEUs

785 804 797

800 748
684 702
675
622 642
600

400

200

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025*

16 Description: In 2021, global container throughput reached approximately 849 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs). This represented an increase of some seven percent compared with the previous year. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2012 to 2021; * Forecast Read more
Source(s): Cargotec Oyj
 Global container shipping throughput from January 2016 to August 2022
(index value)
Global container shipping throughput 2016-2022

135 132.6
129.4
128.8
128.8
130 126.9
124.4 124.7125.2 124.3 125.4
125 122.6
122.1 123 122.4
121.3 121.5 121.4 121.8
119.9 120.3
119.7 120.1
117.8 118.5
118.3 117.4 118.7
118.1 117.3 118.2
Index value (2015 = 100)

120 117.2
116.9
116.8 116.9
116.2 115.6
115.5 115.3
113.9 113.9 114.7
114.4
112.8 113.6
115 112.3 112.5
111.3 111.7
111.5 111.6 111
110.8
110.6 110.4 110.4 110.5
109.7 110.1
110 107.9
107.5 108
106.6
104.8 104.6
104.3 104.6 105.1
103.5 103.7
102.9 102 103.7
105
100.8 101.1 100.2
99.7
100 98.2
94.6
95 92.5
90.4
90

85
N '16

N '17

N '18

N '19

N '20

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Ja 18

Ja 19

Ja 20
M '16

Ju 6

M '17

Ju 7

Ja 17

M '18

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M '19

Ju 9

M '20

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M '21

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Ja 21

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Ju 2
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Se '17

Se '18

Se '19

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M '16

M '17

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17 Description: In August 2022, the global container shipping throughput recorded an index value of 132.6, which was the highest recorded during the period under consideration. Generally the trend is positive for the index, even after the massive decrease caused by
the COVID-19 pandemic. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; January 2016 to August 2022
Source(s): Haver Analytics; ISL; Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis; World Bank
 The largest container ports worldwide in 2021, based on throughput (in
million TEUs)
Largest container ports worldwide based on throughput 2021

Throughput in million TEUs

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Shanghai 47

Singapore 37.47

Ningbo-Zhoushan 31.08

Shenzhen 28.76

Guangzhou 24.18

Qingdao 23.7

Busan 22.69

Tianjin 20.26

Los Angeles/Long Beach 20.06

Hong Kong 17.79

18 Description: The port of Shanghai was the largest container port in 2021, handling containers with a capacity of 47 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). In 2021, nine out of the ten busiest container ports were located in Asia. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2021
Source(s): Alphaliner
 Number of automated container terminals in 2021, by country or territory
Breakdown of automated container terminals by country or territory 2021

Number of terminals
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Australia 6

Netherlands 5

United States 5

United Kingdom 5

South Korea 4

China 4

Taiwan 3

Singapore 2

Mexico 2

Germany 2

Japan 2

United Arab Emirates 2

Panama 1

Belgium 1

Indonesia 1

19 Description: Globally, there were 51 automated container terminals in 2021. Australia was leading the ranking with six such terminals, followed by the Netherlands, the United States, and the United Kingdom, each with five terminals. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2021
Source(s): ITF; Statista
 Median time spent in port by container ships worldwide in 2020, by
country (in days)
Median time spent in port by container ships worldwide by segment 2020

Median time spent in a port in days

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Japan 0.34

Taiwan 0.44

Hong Kong 0.52

China 0.62

Turkey 0.62

Republic of Korea 0.64

Spain 0.66

Thailand 0.67

Panama 0.69

United Kingdom 0.73

Brazil 0.77

Netherlands 0.8

Singapore 0.8

Malaysia 0.8

Philippines 0.89

20 Description: In 2020, container ships spent an average of around 0.71 days in a port during a port call. Container ships spent the least amount of time at Japanese ports, a median time of 0.34 days. Russia ranked last, taking a median time of 1.31 days to load and
unload containers from ships at its ports. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2020; Ships of 1,000 gross tons and above
Source(s): MarineTraffic
CHAPTER 03

Companies
 Major marine terminal operators worldwide in 2020, based on equity-
adjusted throughput (in million twenty-foot equivalent units)
Major marine terminal operators worldwide based on throughput 2020

Throughput in million TEU

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

PSA International 59.5

China Merchants Ports 47.1

China Cosco Shipping 47.1

APM Terminals 45.5

Hutchison Port Holdings 44.7

TIL 31.8

22 Description: In 2020, PSA International was the world's largest terminal operator. The Singapore-headquartered company's container throughput volume came to about 59.5 million twenty-foot equivalent units in 2020. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2020
Source(s): Drewry
 The world's leading ocean freight forwarders in 2021, based on ocean
freight TEUs (in 1,000s)
Leading ocean freight forwarders worldwide based on TEUs 2021

Ocean freight in thousand TEUs

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000

Kuehne + Nagel 4,613

Sinotrans 3,750

DHL 3,142

DSV A/S 2,900

DB Schenker 2,215

LX Pantos 1,658

C.H. Robinson 1,500

Ceva Logistics 1,269

Kerry Logistics 1,229.3

Expeditors International 1,047.72

CTS International Logistics 1,021.01

Hellmann 905.1

Geodis 900.87

Fr. Meyer's Sohn 850

Worldwide Logistics 840.06

23 Description: In 2021, Kuehne + Nagel was ranked the world's leading ocean freight forwarder, with over 4.6 million twenty-foot equivalent units of ocean freight. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2021
Source(s): Armstrong & Associates; Transport Topics
 The world's leading container ship operators as of September 30, 2022,
based on TEU capacity
Leading container ship operators based on total TEUs 2022

Total TEUs
0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000 4,500,000 5,000,000

Mediterranean Shg Co 4,497,648

APM-Maersk 4,270,576

CMA CGM Group 3,335,988

COSCO Group 2,872,327

Hapag-Lloyd 1,759,983

Evergreen Line 1,606,167

ONE 1,506,539

HMM 818,075

Yang Ming Marine 708,403

Zim 517,814

Wan Hai Lines 409,615

24 Description: As of September 30, 2022, Mediterranean Shipping Company's ships had a capacity of around 4.5 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs), topping the rankings as the carrier with the largest capacity. The company was followed by APM-Maersk who had
a capacity of roughly 4.3 million TEUs. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; September 30, 2022
Source(s): Alphaliner
 Leading ship operator's share of the world liner fleet as of October, 2022
Leading container ship operators - share of world liner fleet 2022

Share of world liner fleet

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%

Mediterranean Shg Co 17.5%

APM-Maersk 16.3%

CMA CGM Group 12.9%

COSCO Group 11.1%

Hapag-Lloyd 6.8%

Evergreen Line 6.3%

ONE 5.9%

HMM 3.1%

Yang Ming Marine 2.7%

Zim 2%

Wan Hai Lines 1.6%

PIL 1.1%

KMTC 0.6%

IRISL Group 0.6%

SITC 0.6%

25 Description: As of October 31, 2022, Mediterranean Shg Co and APM-Maersk operated 17.5 and 16.3 percent of the world liner fleet, respectively. The CMA CGM Group ranked third with a share 12.9 percent of the global container fleet. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; October 31, 2022
Source(s): Alphaliner
 Shanghai International Port's revenue from FY 2011 to FY 2021 (in billion
U.S. dollars)
Shanghai International Port's revenue FY 2011-2021

6 5.7
5.6
5.2 5.2
5 4.7 4.7
4.5 4.6 4.6
Revenue in billion U.S. dollars

4 3.7
3.3

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

26 Description: In the 2021 fiscal year, Shanghai International Port generated revenue of some 5.2 billion U.S. dollars. This represents an increase of around 41 percent compared with the previous fiscal year. Read more
Note(s): China; FY 2011 to FY 2021
Source(s): Forbes; Various sources
 PSA International's revenue from FY 2009 to FY 2021 (in million Singapore
dollars)
PSA International - revenue 2009-2021

5,000
4,670
4,500 4,314
4,086 4,179
4,076 4,077
3,968
4,000 3,835 3,830
Revenue in million Singapore dollars

3,723 3,680
3,575 3,573
3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

27 Description: The Singapore-based port operator reported revenue of almost 4.7 billion Singapore dollars in the 2021 financial year. PSA International generated the most revenue in 2011 when it reported receiving some 4.3 billion Singapore dollars. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; FY 2009 to FY 2021
Source(s): PSA International
 Kuehne + Nagel's worldwide revenue from FY 2006 to FY 2021 (in million
Swiss francs)
Kuehne + Nagel 's worldwide revenue 2006-2021

40,000
36,699

35,000

30,000
Revenue in million Swiss francs

24,825 25,295
25,000 23,812
21,599 22,220
20,975 20,753 20,929 21,291
20,261 19,596 20,283 19,985
20,000 18,194
17,406

15,000

10,000

5,000

0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

28 Description: This statistic represents Kuehne + Nagel's worldwide revenue from the fiscal year of 2006 to the fiscal year of 2021. Kuehne + Nagel's worldwide revenue came to around 36.7 billion Swiss francs in the fiscal year of 2021. Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; FY 2006 to FY 2021; fiscal year ends December 31.
Source(s): Kühne + Nagel
 Revenue of Sinotrans Limited from 2010 to 2021 (in billion yuan)
Revenue of Sinotrans 2010-2021

140
124.35
120

100
Revenue in billion yuan

84.54
77.32 77.66
80 73.16

59.77
60
47.48 45.4 45.66 45.53
42.55 43.75
40

20

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

29 Description: In 2021, Sinotrans Ltd. reported revenues of approximately 124.35 billion yuan, an increase of 47.1 percent compared to the previous year. The Chinese logistics company has nearly tripled its revenue over the past decade. Read more
Note(s): China; 2010 to 2021
Source(s): Sinotrans
 AP Møller - Mærsk's revenue from FY 2006 to FY 2021 (in million U.S.
dollars)
AP Møller - Mærsk's revenue A/S 2006-2021

70,000

61,787
60,000

49,917 49,491
Revenue in million U.S. dollars

50,000
45,559

39,257 38,890 39,740

40,000 37,902
33,908 34,806
30,769 31,189
30,000 27,646

20,000

10,000

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

30 Description: A.P. Møller - Mærsk A/S generated just under 62 billion U.S. dollars in revenue in 2021, a significant uptick since the previous year. The segment of ocean transportation was responsible for more than 76 percent of A.P. Møller - Mærsk's revenue in 2021.
Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; FY 2009 to FY 2021
Source(s): Maersk
 Revenue of COSCO Shipping Holdings Co., Ltd. from 2010 to 2021 (in
billion yuan)
Revenue of COSCO SHIPPING HOLD 2010-2021

400

350 333.69

300
Revenue in billion yuan

250

200
171.26
151.06
150
120.83
96.49 90.46
100
68.91 72.08 65.04 71.16
61.93 64.37

50

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019 2020 2021

31 Description: In 2021, COSCO Shipping Holdings Co., Ltd. reported an revenue of approximately 333.7 billion yuan, a significant increase of nearly 95 percent compared to the previous year. Formly known as "China COSCO", the company is now a subsidiary of COSCO
Shipping Corporation Limited. Read more
Note(s): China; 2010 to 2021
Source(s): China COSCO; Sina.com.cn
 Sources

Alphaliner MDS Transmodal

Armstrong & Associates PSA International
Bloomberg S&P Capital IQ
Cargotec Oyj Sea-Intelligence
Centraal Planbureau Nederland Sina.com.cn
China COSCO Sinotrans
Clarkson Research Services Statista
Danske Rederier Statista estimates
DHL Transport Topics
Drewry UNCTAD
FactSet Various sources
Forbes Various sources (Carriers)
Grand View Research Various sources (IHS Seaweb)
Haver Analytics World Bank
IHS Markit
ISL
ITF
Kühne + Nagel
MacroMicro
Maersk
Marine Flottenkommando
MarineTraffic

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