ACB106 Lesson 01

Business Information
Systems
Enterprise Computing
What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,

such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks
that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols,
and network architectures
2
Discovering Computers: Chapter 14
• Types of enterprises include:
Retail Manufacturing Service
Wholesale Government Educational
Transportation
3
• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a

hierarchical manner
4
• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of

four categories: Executive
Management
Middle
Management
Operational Management
Non-management Employees
5
• Enterprise information is the information

gathered in the ongoing operations of an
enterprise-sized organization
– Business intelligence
– Business process management
– Business process automation
6
• Managers coordinate resources by performing

four activities
Planning
Controlling Organizing
Leading
7
Information Systems in the Enterprise
• An information system is a set of hardware,

software, data, people, and procedures that work
together to produce information
8
• Functional units within an enterprise might

include: Marketing
Manufacturing Sales
Engineering or
Product Distribution
Development
Human Customer
Resources Service
Accounting Information
and Finance Enterprise Technology
9
• Accounting software manages everyday transactions

• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases
with customer payments
• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and
analyze
10
• A human resources
information system (HRIS)
manages one or more
human resources functions
• Employee relationship
management systems
manage communication
between employees and
the business
11
• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and

special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and
design
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to
test product designs
12
• Computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) is
the use of computers to
control production
equipment
• Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM) uses
computers to integrate
the many different
operations of the
manufacturing process
13
Material Requirements
Planning (MRP) uses
software to help monitor and
control processes related to
production
Manufacturing Resource
Planning II (MRP II) is an
extension of MRP and also
includes software that helps
in scheduling
14
A quality control system helps an

organization maintain or improve the
quality of its products or services
A marketing information system serves

as a central repository for the tasks of
a marketing department
15
• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips

traveling salespeople with the electronic tools
they need to be more productive
16
• Distribution systems perform the following

functions:
Provide forecasting Manage and track
for inventory shipping of
control products
Provide information
and analysis on
inventory in a
warehouse
17
• Customer interaction management (CIM)

software manages the day-to-day interactions
with customers
18
• The information technology (IT) department makes

technology decisions for the enterprise
– Whether to build or buy new information systems
– When a computer or information system has outlived its useful
life
• Web site management programs collect data designed to
help organizations make informed decisions regarding
their Web presence
19
• General purpose information systems generally

fall into one of five categories
Office Transaction Management

Information Processing Information
System System System
Decision
Support Expert System
System
20
• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing
21
Management Information System Decision Support System
22
Page 736 23
Figure 14-17
Integrated Information Systems

Customer relationship
Enterprise resource
management manages Content management
planning provides
information about systems are
centralized, integrated
customers, information systems
software to help
interactions with that combine
manage and
customers, past databases, software,
coordinate ongoing
purchases, and and procedures
activities
interests
24
25
Page 739 26
Figure 14-19
Databases, Data, and Information
Database Data Information
• Collection of • Collection of • Processed data

data organized unprocessed • Documents
in a manner items • Audio
that allows • Text • Images
access, • Numbers
retrieval, and • Video
• Images
use of that
data • Audio
• Video
27
• Database software, often called a database
management system (DBMS), allows users to:
Create a computerized Add, modify, and

database delete data
Create forms and

Sort and retrieve data
reports from the data
28
• Data integrity identifies the quality of the data
• Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) points out the
accuracy of a computer’s output depends on the
accuracy of the input
29
• Valuable information should have the following
characteristics:
Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized
Cost-
Accessible Useful
effective
30
The Hierarchy of Data
• Data is organized in layers
– Files, records, fields, characters
31
• A character is one byte
– Numbers, letters, space,
punctuation marks, or
other symbols
• A field is a combination
of one or more related
characters
– Field name
– Field size
– Data type
32
• Common data types include:
Text Numeric AutoNumber Currency
Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink
Object Attachment
33
• A record is a group of related fields
– A primary key uniquely identifies each record
• A data file is a collection of related records
34
Maintaining Data
• File maintenance refers to the procedures that
keep data current
Adding Modifying
records records
Deleting
records
35
Maintaining Data
• Validation compares data with a set of rules or
values to find out if the data is correct
Alphabetic/Numeric
Range check Consistency check
check
Completeness check Check digit Other checks
36
File Processing Versus Databases
File processing system Database approach
• Each department has its • Programs and users share

own set of files data
• Used for many years • Reduce data redundancy
• Have data redundancy • Improve data integrity
• Isolate data • Share data
• Allows easier access
• Reduces development time
• Can be more vulnerable
37
38
Database Management Systems
• A DBMS provides several tools that allow users
and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the
database Query language
Query by example
Form
Report generator
39
• A form is a window on the screen that provides
areas for entering or modifying data in a database
40
41
42
• A report generator allows users to design a report
on the screen, retrieve data into the report
design, and then display or print the report
43
Source
• Discovering Computers 2012

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World
Gary B. Shelly, Misty E. Vermaat
Cengage Learning 2011
44

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ACB106 Lesson 01

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Business Information

• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,

• Types of enterprises include:

Retail Manufacturing Service

Wholesale Government Educational

• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a

• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of

• Enterprise information is the information

• Managers coordinate resources by performing

• An information system is a set of hardware,

• Functional units within an enterprise might

• Accounting software manages everyday transactions

• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and

A quality control system helps an

A marketing information system serves

• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips

• Distribution systems perform the following

• Customer interaction management (CIM)

• The information technology (IT) department makes

• General purpose information systems generally

Office Transaction Management

• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing

Management Information System Decision Support System

Integrated Information Systems

Database Data Information

• Collection of • Collection of • Processed data

Create a computerized Add, modify, and

Create forms and

Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized

Text Numeric AutoNumber Currency

Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink

Completeness check Check digit Other checks

File processing system Database approach

• Each department has its • Programs and users share

• Discovering Computers 2012

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