A Technical Seminar

On
FOGSCREEN

Seminar report submitted to J.N.T.U. Hyderabad

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree
“Bachelor Of Technology”

In

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

By

Ms.P. NAVYA 19PQ1A0563

Under Esteemed Guidance of

Mrs. J. Sravanthi

Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ANURAG COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU-HYD)
AUSHAPUR (V), GHATKESAR (M), MEDCHAL DIST, T.S: 501301
2019-2023
 ANURAG
Aushapur (V), Ghatkesar (M),
Medchal - Malkajgiri Dist.,
Telangana -501 301
Phone: 9866305132, 98668 70972
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Email: principal@anuraghyd.ac.in
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU-HYD)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Date: / / 2022

This is to certify that the Seminar report titled “FOG SCREEN” submitted by
Ms. P. NAVYA bearing 19PQ1A0563 to the Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree
“Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering”, by Jawaharlal
Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad is a record of bonafide work carried out
by them under our guidance and supervision in 2022.

Guide Head of Department

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere gratitude to my guide Mrs. J. Sravanthi of Computer Science and

Engineering, Anurag College of Engineering, for her precious suggestions,motivation
and co-operation for the successful completion of this seminar report.

It is my privilege and pleasure to express my profound sense of gratitude and

indebtedness to my Head of Department Mr. A. Rambabu, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, Anurag College of Engineering, for his guidance, cogent
discussion and encouragement throughout this seminar work.

I express our sincere thanks to Principal, Anurag College of Engineering, for

encouragement and constant help.
I also thank the management, for providing us necessary facilities to carry out the
seminar work at the organization.

I take this opportunity to thank all our lecturers and technical staff who have directly or
indirectly helped my seminar.

I pay my respects and love to my parents and all other family members for their love
and encouragement throughout my career. Last butnot the least we express my thanks
to my friends for their cooperation and support.

Ms.P. NAVYA 19PQ1A0563

 DECLARATION

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where others ideas or words have been included. I have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of
academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified
anyidea/data/fact/source in my submission.

I hereby declare that the results embodied in this seminar report titled
“FOGSCREEN” requirements for the award of degree are obtained by me from
my seminar. I have not submitted this seminar report to any other
University/Institute for the award of any degree/Diploma.

Ms.P. NAVYA 19PQ1A0563

 ABSTRACT

Fog Screen is breakthrough technology that allows projection of high-quality images in

the air. It is currently the only walk-through projection screen. You can literally use the
air as your user interface by touching only the air with your bare hands. The screen is
created by using a suspended fog generating device with no frame around, and works
with video projectors.

The fog they use is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog
Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals
what so ever. With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the
screen. It is a display device which is the application of computer graphics.
 INDEX

CONTENTS PAGE NO

LIST OF FIGURES I

1. INTRODUCTION 01

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 02

3. EXISTING SYSTEM 03 – 04

4. ALTERED SYSTEM 05 – 06

5. TECHNOLOGY 07 - 11

5.1 Formation of Fog Screen 07

5.2 Fog Screen generation 08

5.3 Fog Screen move things forward 09

6. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 12

7. APPLICATIONS 13 – 14

8. CONCLUSION 15

REFERENCES 16
 LIST OF FIGURES

1. 1. FIG 1.1: Tea pot is projected on fog 01

2. 2. FIG 5.1: Principle of Fog Screen 08

3. 3. FIG 5.2: Fog Screen Generation 09

4. 4. FIG 5.3: Dual Projection 10

I
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two Finnish virtual reality
researchers created the Fog Screen to recreate some of the effects from these movies
in real life.

Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows to project images
and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images are floating
in midair

Fog Screen is the world’s first immaterial walk-through projection screen. Its
Qualities, in particular the walk-through capability, set Fog Screen apart from other
displays and thus created a seemingly successful market for its products.

The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that allows for projections on a
thin layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull down screen that is found in many
classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled down from the ceiling, fog is
pushed down and held in place by several small fans, allowing for a consistent surface
for display.

Fig 1.1 Tea pot is projected on fog generated by a fog generating device
1
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

It was invented by two Finnish virtual reality researchers Fog Screen, which was
initially known as WAVE (Walkthrough Virtual Environment), was announced in
December 2001.

The first public demonstration of Fog Screen was in Finland in October 2002.Till then
it is in use in different areas and improvements are being done to increase its
effectiveness.

Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two Finnish virtual reality
researchers created the Fog Screen to recreate some of the effects from these movies in
real life.

Fog screen is one such immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on which to project
imagery (DiVerdi et al. 2006).

Fog Screen is a patented technology, which Rakkolainen, one of the senior researchers
and founders behind this technology, describes as “…an immaterial projection screen
that consists of air and a little humidity, and enables high-quality projected images in
thin-air, as well as many new applications.”

Palovuori (2006) writes that the FogScreen creates a large non-turbulent airflow to
protect a dry fog flow inside it from turbulence. The Fog Screen debuted at the 2002
Turku Science Fair. The Fog Screen Company was founded in 2003 and volume
production began in 2004. An interactivity add-on, which lets you write “in the air” and
even control a computer, debuted in 2005. The Fog Screen One launched in 2006.

2
 CHAPTER 3
EXISTING SYSTEM

A projection screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used

for displaying a projected image for the view of an audience. Projection screens may
be permanently installed as in a movie theater, painted on the wall, semi-permanent or
mobile, as in a conference room or other non-dedicated viewing space such as an
outdoor movie screening (open air cinema). Uniformly white or grey screens are used
almost exclusively as to avoid any discoloration to the image, while the most desired
brightness of the screen depends on a number of variables, such as the ambient light
level and the luminous power of the image source. Flat or curved screens may be used
depending on the optics used to project the image and the desired geometrical accuracy
of the image production, flat screens being the more common of the two. Screens can
be further designed for front or back projection, the more common front projection
systems having the image source situated on the same side of the screen as the audience.

Different markets exist for screens targeted for use with digital projectors, movie
projectors, although the basic idea for each of them is very much the same: front
projection screens work on diffusely reflecting the light projected on to them, whereas
back projection screens work by diffusely transmitting the light through them.

In commercial movie theaters, the screen is a reflective surface that may be either
aluminized (for high contrast in moderate ambient light) or a white surface with small
glass beads (for high brilliance under dark conditions). The screen also has hundreds of
small, evenly spaced holes to allow air to and from the speakers and subwoofer, which
often are directly behind it.

Rigid wall-mounted screens maintain their geometry perfectly just like the big movie
screens, which makes them suitable for applications that demand exact reproduction of
image geometry. Such screens are often used in home theaters, along with the pull-
down screens.

3
Pull-down screens (also known as Manual Wall Screens) are often used in spaces
where a permanently installed screen would require too much space. These commonly
use painted fabric that is rolled in the screen case when not used, making them less
obtrusive when the screen is not in use.

Electric screens can be wall mounted, ceiling mounted or ceiling recessed. These are
often larger screens, though electric screens are available for home theater use as well.
Electric screens are similar to pull-down screens, but instead of the screen being pulled
down manually, an electric motor raises and lowers the screen. Electric screens are
usually raised or lowered using either a remote control or wall-mounted switch,
although some projectors are equipped with an interface that connects to the screen and
automatically lowers the screen when the projector is switched on and raises it when
the projector is switched off.

Switchable projection screen can be switched between opaque and clear. In the opaque
state, projected image on the screen can be viewed from both sides. It is very good for
advertising on store windows.

4
 CHAPTER 4
ALTERED SYSTEM

It is one type of advanced projecting device which consumes water and electricity to
form fogs on which images are projected. Fog Screen is a patented technology, which
Rakkolainen, one of the senior researchers and founders behind this technology,
describes as, an immaterial projection screen that consists of air and a little humidity,
and enables high-quality projected images in thin-air, as well as many new applications.

Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows you to project images
and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images are floating
in midair. Fog Screen is a just that, a 2D projection screen, but not a common opaque
screen like hundreds of others in the market, rather an immaterial screen. The word
immaterial in relation to display systems refers to those that create that sense of imagery
floating in mid-air, usually created using water, smoke or fog. Fog screen is one such
immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on which to project imagery.

The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that allows for projections on a thin
layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull-down screen that is found in many
classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled down from the ceiling, fog is pushed
down and held in place by several small fans, allowing for a consistent surface for
display. A user may simply stand back and view the material but can also reach or walk
through the fog. A user may also interact with objects displayed in the fog with the use
of an input device like a data glove, a tracked wand, or simply using hands.

Currently, there are only nine Fog Screens available in the world. Fog Screen is an
exciting new projection technology that allows you to project images and video onto a
screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images are floating in midair. You can
literally use the air as your user interface by touching only the air with your bare hands.
The screen is created by using a suspended fog generating device with no frame around,
and works with video projectors.

5
The fog they use is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog
Screen device fora long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals
whatsoever. The Fog Screen is a display technology that instead of using a traditional
screen uses a thin layer of dry fog as the display surface. The system starts with water
that is held in a large plastic container or comes from a regular water pipe. This water
is drawn through a plastic tube via a small engine. Users have the ability to control the
density and flow of the fog and the strength of the sandwiching air streams.

With two projectors, we can project different images on both sides of the screen. The
Fog Screen is a new invention which makes objects seems to appear and move in thin
air! It is a Screen you can walk through! The Fog Screen is created by using a suspended
Fog generating device; there is no frame around the screen. The installation is easy: just
replace the conventional screen with Fog Screen. We don’t need to change anything
else it works with standard video projectors. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t
make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time.

The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. With two projectors,
you can project different images on both sides of the screen crisp, and protected from
turbulence. . All the important principles of Fog Screen technology have patent
pending. The basic components of the screen are alumina, on-turbulent airflow, and a
thin fog screen created this way, the fog screen is an internal part of the laminar airflow,
and remains thin and turbulence.

6
 CHAPTER 5
TECHNOLOGY

Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air humidifier.
Tap water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound, turning it
instantly into a thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in diameter.

The tank’s internal design plus 3 sets of fans work together to create a very thin wall of
mist about half of an inch thick. One set of fans blows the fog downwards while the
other two sandwiches the fog between air curtains so that it becomes a smooth
projection screen. Fog Screen works much like many screens in terms of its projection
properties and requires a 2kw power supply. A major difference is the need for a water
supply, with onscreen using fifty litres of tap water per hour. The Device situated above
the fog screen enables the purification of the water via a silver-ion channel and minerals
within the tank are cleaned out through regular maintenance (Jordan Woods, 2007).

The opacity will depend on a number of factors, mainly fog density, the projector,
image brightness, and the background. It appears to be a very versatile technology and
can be combined with many methods in order to achieve the imagery required, such as
pseudo 3D display and mechanisms to allow further interactivity via tracking. The
founders of the Fog Screen were intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that
could float in the air and that people could walk through. They set out to make a
projected image float in the air by using different media such as dust, water, fog, and
then a mist of tiny water droplets. They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to
ensure that people would not get wet and that the Fog Screen could operate within a
broad range of environmental conditions.

5.1: Formation of Fog Screen

It is formed by using ordinary tap water and digital technology like ultrasonic device
to create a thin layer of dry fog which is sandwiched between two air-curtains.
The fog is created by suspended fog generating device.

7
 FIG 5.1 PRINCIPLE OF FOG SCREEN

Fog Screen creates a “dry” fog by ensuring that the water droplets are in the range of
2-3 microns in size and are electro statically charged so that they move around and
away from other objects. The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic
waves. If you hold your hands in the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and
your hands do not get wet.

After the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be
translucent or fully opaque. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet
even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of
ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. With two projectors, you can project
different images on both sides of the screen. The founders of the Fog Screen were
intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that could float in the air and that
people could walk through (that is the Princess Leia effect). They set out to make a
projected image float in the air by using different media such as dust, water, fog. And
then a mist of tiny water droplets. They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to
ensure that people would not get wet and that the Fog Screen could operate within a
broad range of environmental conditions. The ultrasonic transducer is used to divide
the water into small and tiny water droplets as the fog which we are using here is
completely dry and it is light. If we will take lager water droplets then it will create wet
fog which can’t be used in the formation of screen. The fog we are using is dry, so it
doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time.
With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen.

8
5.2: Fog Screen generation

Here in two side air flow is given to make a constant flow of fog for the display of
image. Because if the outside air will enter then it may create disturbance in displaying
the image. As the fog here we are using are dry and very light.
The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold your
hands in the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and your hands do not get wet. After
the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be translucent or
fully opaque.

FIG 5.2 FOG SCREEN GENERATION

5.3: Fog Screen move things forward

It is important to recognize the uniqueness of Fog Screen technology. It is not the

world’s first immaterial screen, but the first immaterial walk-through screen. This
simple fact is what distinguishes Fog Screen from all other displays (Rakkolainen,
2007). Rakkolainen continues to explain the uniqueness of the technology by
mentioning how other displays can create the floating imagery effect but none are
penetrable. There are water screens creating huge displays for large audiences but they
provide poor image quality. Such large water-based displays are also wet and so

9
impractical for indoors, and walk-through interaction. There have also been earlier
technologies closely similar to Fog Screen making use of forgather than water.
However, they are typically wet and turbulence affecting such screens seriously reduces
the fidelity of imagery.

To reiterate what has been mentioned above, FogScreen creates a non-turbulent airflow
of dry fog, cool to the touch. Erdem (2006) mentions in an article on performing arts
how this quality means that performers or anyone interacting with the screen for that
matter will not be restricted by the fog layer.

One can walk freely through the layer and the imagery will not be dispersed or distorted.
Fog Screen technology not only is unique as a stand-alone display. Its qualities, mainly
the immaterial nature and walk-through capabilities, allow for very advanced interface
design. Olwal and other researches (2006) have written that Fog Screens “…dual-sided
nature allows for new possibilities in multi-user face-to-face collaboration and pseudo-
3D visualization.” Images can be projected on both sides of the screen creating a 3D
visual effect as shown in figure below.

FIG 5.3 DUAL PROJECTION

10
Olwal has created several pseudo-3D interactive applications, an example being Elastic
Surface Denominator. This interactive application allows a user to stretch and sculpt,
as well as to move and rotate a 3D model of a head as shown in Figure 3.Not only has
Fog Screen been used with such psuedo-3D displays, it is the center part of many
ongoing efforts towards real volumetric 3D displays. Dr Benzie (2007) in a large survey
of 3D displays writes how volumetric displays are in a more advanced stage of
development with many already having a profitable market as with Fog Screen. It
appears therefore, that Fog Screen is a vital display for many researches in the world of
3DTV.

11
 CHAPTER 6
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES OF FOG SCREEN

The Fog Screen developers say the unique nature of Fog Screen will make it a
memorable experience for customers Fog Screen is environmentally friendly, as it
uses only water as requirement and produces chemical free fog.
Increase product skill and quality of products.

Safety for kids, fun and play time for the kids. It is Immaterial - you could walk
through it.
Increase production skills-technology transfer. -Reduce competition -increase
quality of product -Enter to new market. (In different market.)

Increase for workers with an increase in marginal cost Fog Screen is working on
new hardware products - Fog Screen with specialized capabilities (that is live
performances, retail environments, etc.). There are also significant enhancements being
made to the interactivity and 3-dimensional imaging capabilities of the screen.

DISADVANTAGES OF FOG SCREEN

Fog Screen works best indoors with a dark background that enhances the brightness
of the image on the Fog Screen behind the projector. So, it can’t be used in day light.

It is presently very much expensive, but the FogScreen.inc is working on providing

it in a reasonable price.

Price is one weakness, with the cost Fog Screen will have to cater for a specialized
market, unlikely ever to be used in the normal household or to replace plasma/LCD
displays (Watson, 2007).

Need 1kW of energy to produce 1m long fog screen. And it is produce 3-5 litres of
water in one hour which should be vent. And you can't make a high fog screen, because
fog would diffuse with distance.

12
 CHAPTER 7
APPLICATIONS

Fog Screen has been used in live malls, product launches, museums, to attract
more and more peoples.
It is used in case of projection a 3D image esp. in studies.
It can be used in seminars to make it more interactive (we can walk through the
screen).

It can be used in place of air curtain in clubs to make it attractive. Museums, events,
trade shows, night clubs, casinos, TV shows, and amusement parks are a number of
areas where Fog Screen has been put into effective use. One industry where it excels is
in advertising. Lugmayr (2007) describes how Fog Screen can be used in conjunction
with laser scanner drivers, interactivity and rendering modules, and a flash application.
This creates an effective advertisement that entices a user to walkthrough. A user could
for example, select a brick wall, or a waterfall via touch, walk through and by doing so
see screen afterwards. Viewers tend to remain captivated by such an interactive display
as opposed to others. Fog Screens use in trade shows has been well received. Nokia,
one of many using the Fog Screen products, installed a number of screens to trade show
entrances that showed an animation of a character walking and using the Nokia
products. Nightclubs are another area, where the screen literally becomes the entrance
into the club provoking the public to walkthrough. The Box nightclub in Belfast has
installed a number of them, providing amazing visuals inside.FogScreen can almost be
used in any situation. The Fog Screen team also set up each screen to the requirements
in order that the effect is as expected wherever it may be used. Its ability to be used
throughout so many industries is evidence of Fog Screens significance to

Multimedia and one that looks like it shall continue (Rakkolainen, 2007). Entertain
your guests with Fog Screen

Whether you are planning a rock concert, a prize ceremony, an anniversary, any
commercial or private event, we use the magical Fog Screen. Guests can enter through
the screen to an event!

13
 Create a luxurious interior with Fog Screen
Immersive projection technology could use CAVE-like virtual rooms with fog
walls, making them effectively “virtual virtual rooms” .

14
 CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

The implemented system enables one to view 3D objects in mid-air and observe them
from almost any angle. Using it as an immaterial, head-tracked dual-sided display, has
led to an enhanced visualization experience. It creates a strong visual effect of 3D
objects floating in air, even when the image is not stereoscopic. This is a first step in
the direction of a truly volumetric walk-through display. Unlike many other volumetric
displays, the pseudo-volumetric Fog Screen is very large and does not restrict the user
from “touching” the objects, leading to a more immersive experience.

15
 REFERENCES

[1] C. Wheatstone. On Some Remarkable, and Hitherto Unobserved, Phenomena of

Binocular Vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol.
11, 1838.
[2] K. Palovuori, I. Rakkolainen, FogScreen. U.S. patent 6,819,487 B2. November 16,
2004.
[3] I. Rakkolainen, M. Laitinen, M. Piirto, J. Landkammer, K. Palovuori, The
Interactive FogScreen. A demonstration and associated abstract at ACM SIGGRAPH
2005 Program: Emerging Technologies, Los Angeles, CA, USA, July 31-August 4,
2005. See also http://ilab.cs.ucsb.edu/projects/ismo/fogscreen.html.
[4] I. Rakkolainen, K. Palovuori, Laser Scanning for the Interactive Walk-Through
FogScreen. ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST 2005) Monterey,
CA, USA, November 7-9, 2005, pp. 224-226.
[5] Luidia e-beam System 1 whiteboard tracking. www.ebeam.com.
[6] Olwal, A., DiVerdi, S., Candussi, N., Rakklainen, I., Hollerer, T., 2006, An
Immaterial, Dualsided Display System with 3D Interaction. Paper presented at the
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 2006. Available from:
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1130450 [Accessed 4 November 2007].
[7] Benzie, P., Watson, J., Surman, P., Rakkolainen, I., Hopf, K., Urey, H., Sainov,
V., von Kopylow, C., 2007. A Survey of 3DTV Displays: Techniques and
Technologies. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 17
(11), 1 – 9
[8] FogScreen, 2005 – 2007. All pages. Available from:
http://www.fogscreen.com/en/ [Accessed 2 October 2007].

16