Electrical Terms.

Explanations.

Earthing.
Earthing can be achieved by cable or a metal substance being connected
to earth. So, if a fault occurs, the current will return directly to earth, which
forms the circuit of least resistance.

Isolation.
Isolation is shutting off the supply to an item. A complete disconnection
from the power supply. This is not the same as ‘switching off’.

Reduced Low Voltage.

A reduction of mains voltage using a transformer to reduce from 110 Volts
55 Volts. Used in severe working conditions.

Insulation.
The conductor is covered with insulating material. The aim is to protect
people from an electric shock.

Fuse.
If overload occurs the thin piece of wire will melt, ensuring the circuit or
equipment becomes safe.

Circuit Breakers.
Similar to a fuse, but the action consists of a switch being thrown, when
excess current passes.

Residual Current Devices.

This compares and monitors the flow between live and neutral power lines
and will trip if there is any defect.
Overheating of Conductors.
This may occur due to poor insulation, maintenance or overloading the
conductor with current flow.

Short Circuit.
If the circuit is broken by a fault, the current flows directly to earth rather
than the piece of equipment it was meant for.

Arcing.
Someone who is connected to earth and too close to a high voltage
conductor may suffer flash burns due to sparks arising from arcing.

Electrical Hazards.
• Electric shock.
• Burns.
• Explosions.
• Fires.
• Secondary hazards (such as, falls from height due to an electric
shock).