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ETOOS Comprehensive Study Material

For JEE- Main & Advanced
 MATRIX

DEFINITION
A matrix is a rectangular array of mn elements in m rows and n columns enclosed within brackets.

 a11 a12 ... a1j ... a1n 

a ... a 2n 
 21 a 22 ... a 2 j
     
A  [a ij ]   
 a i1 a i2 ... a ij ... a in 
     
 
a m1 a m2 ... a mj ... a mn 

is a matrix of order (dimension or size) m × n, to be read as m cross n or m by n. aij is the element present in the ith
row and jth column of the matrix. i represents the row rank and j represents the column rank. Matrices are usually
denoted by upper case letters A, B, C, etc., where as its elements are denoted by lower case letters a, b, c, etc.,

ETOOS KEY POINTS

(i) The elements a11, a22, a33,...are called as diagonal elements. Their sum is called as trace of A denoted as tr(A)
(ii) Capital letters of English alphabets are used to denote matrices.
(iii) Order of a matrix : If a matrix has m rows and n columns, then we say that its order is "m by n", written as "m × n".

Example 1 Construct a matrix A = [aij]2×2 whose elements aij are given by aij = e2ix sin jx .
Solution For i = 1, j = 1, a 11 = e2x sin x
For i = 1, j = 2, a 12 = e2x sin 2x
For i = 2, j = 1, a 21 = e4x sin x
For i = 2, j = 2, a 22 = e4x sin 2x

 e 2 x sin x e x sin 2x 
Thus A   4x 4x 
 e sin x e sin 2x 

TYPES OF MATRICES
In this section, we shall discuss different types of matrices.
(i) Column Matrix
A matrix is said to be a column matrix if it has only one column.
0 
 
3
For example, A    is a column matrix of order 4 × 1.
1 
 
 1 / 2 
(ii) Row Matrix
A matrix is said to be a row matrix if it has only one row.
 1 
For example, B =   5 2 3 is a row matrix.
 2 14
In general, B = [bij]1 × n is a row matrix of order 1 × n.

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 MATRIX

MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES
Let A and B be two matrices such that the number of columns of A is same as number of rows of B.
i.e., A = [a ij]m × p & B = [bij]p × n.
p
Then AB = [c ij] m × n where c ij =  a ik b kj ,
k 1
which is the dot product of i th row vector of A and j th

column vector of B.

0 1 1 1
1 2 3   3 4 9 1
e.g. : A =   , B =  0 0 1 0  , AB =  
2 3 1  1 1 2 0  1 3 7 2

ETOOS KEY POINTS

(i) The product AB is defined if the number of columns of A is equal to the number of rows of B. A is c a l l e d
/ BA is defined.
as premultiplier & B is called as post multiplier. AB is defined 
(ii) In general AB  BA, even when both the products are defined.
(iii) A (BC) = (AB) C, whenever it is defined.

PROPERTIES OF MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

Consider all square matrices of order 'n'. Let Mn (F) denote the set of all square matrices of order n. (where F
is Q, R or C). Then

(A) A, B  Mn (F)  AB  Mn (F)

(B) In general AB  BA
(C) (AB) C = A(BC)
(D) n, the identity matrix of order n, is the multiplicative identity.
An = A = n A  A  Mn (F)
(E) For every non singular matrix A (i.e., |A|  0) of Mn (F) there exist a unique (particular)
matrix B  Mn (F) so that AB = n = BA. In this case we say that A & B are multiplicative
inverse of one another. In notations, we write B = A –1 or A = B–1.
(F) If  is a scalar (A) B = (AB) = A(B).
(G) A(B + C) = AB + AC  A, B, C  Mn (F)
(H) (A + B) C = AC + BC  A, B, C  Mn (F).

ETOOS KEY POINTS

(i) Let A = [a ij]m × n. Then An = A & m A = A, where n & m are identity matrices of order n & m
respectively.
(ii) For a square matrix A, A2 denotes AA, A3 denotes AAA etc.

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

1. Introduction
A rectangular array mn numbers in the form of m horizontal lines (called rows) and n vertical lines (called columns),
is called a matrix of order m by n, written as m × n matrix.
In comopact form, the matrix is represented by A = [aij ]mxn

2. Special type of Matrices

(A) Row Matrix (Row vector) : A = [a11 , a12 , .............. a1n] i.e. row matrix has exactly one row.

 a11 
 
a
(B) Column Matrix (Column vector) : A =  21  i.e. column matrix has exactly one column.
 .. 
 
a m1 
(C) Zero or Null Matrix : (A = Omxn ), An m × n matrix whose all entries are zero.
(D) Horizontal Matrix : A matrix of order m × n is a horizontal matrix if n > m.
(E) Vertical Matrix : A matrix of order m × n is a vertical matrix if m > n.
(F) Square Matrix : (Order n) If number of rows = number of column, then matrix is a square matrix.
Note
(i) The pair of elements aij and aji are called Conjugate Elements.
(ii) The elements a11, a22, a33, ...... anm are called Diagonal Elements. The line along which the diagonal elements
lie is called “Principal or leading diagonal.” The quantity aij = trace of the matrix written as, tr (A)
3. Square Matrices

Triangular Matrix Diagonal Matrix denoted as

A = diag (a11 , a22 ,........., anm)
where aij= 0 for i j
1 3 -2 1 0 0
A= 0 2 4 B= 2 - 3 0
0 0 5 4 3 3

Scalar Matrix Unit or Identity Matrix

a 0 0 1 0 0 1 if i = j
aij= 0 if i  j
0 a 0 0 1 0
0 0 a 0 0 1 if a11 = a22 = a33 = 1
if a11 = a22 = a33 = a
Note
(i) Minimum number of zeros in triangular matrix of order n = n(n–1)/2
(ii) Minimum number of zeros in a diagonal matrix of order n = n( n – 1)

176
 MATRIX

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1
Ex. 1 Construct a 3 × 2 matrix whose elements are given by a ij = | i –3j |.
2

 a 11 a12 
 
Sol. In general a 3 × 2 matrix is given by A =  a 21 a 22  .
 a 31 a 32 
1
a ij = | i – 3j |, i = 1, 2, 3 and j = 1, 2
2
1 1 5
Therefore a 11 = | 1 – 3 × 1 | = 1 a 12 = | 1 – 3 × 2 | =
2 2 2
1 1 1
a 21 = |2–3×1|= a 22 = |2–3×2|=2
2 2 2
1 1 3
a 31 = |3–3×1|=0 a 32 = |3–3×2|=
2 2 2

 5
1 2
 
1 2
Hence the required matrix is given hy A =  
2
 
0 3
 2 

2 3 1  x
 2   1
Ex. 2 If [1 x 2] 0 4   = O, then the value of x is :-
0 3 2   1 
Sol. The LHS of the equation
 x
 
= [2 4x + 9 2x + 5]  1  = [2x + 4x + 9 – 2x – 5] = 4x + 4
 1 
Thus 4x + 4 = 0  x = –1

Ex. 3 Find the value of x, y, z and w which satisfy the matrix equation
x  3 2 y  x   x 1 0 
  = 
 z 1 4w 8  3 2 w
Sol. As the given matrices are equal so their corresponding elements are equal.
x+3=–x–1  2x = – 4
 x=–2 ......(i)
2y + x = 0  2y – 2 = 0 [from (i)]
 y= 1 ......(ii)
z–1=3  z=4 ......(iii)
4w – 8 = 2w  2w = 8
 w= 4 ......(iv)

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 1 [Single Correct Choice Type Questions]

1. If number of elements in a matrix is 60 then how many different order of matrix are possible -
(A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 24 (D) none of these

2. If AB = O for the matrices

 cos 2  cos  sin   cos 2  cos  sin 
A=   and B =   then  –  is
 cos  sin  sin 2   cos  sin  sin 2  


(A) an odd multiple of (B) an odd multiple of 
2

(C) an even multiple of (D) 0
2

 cos  sin  
3. If A =   , then AA is equal to -
  sin  cos  
(A) A+ (B) A (C) A (D) none of these

4. A is a (3×3) diagonal matrix having integral entries such that det (A) = 120, number of such matrices is
(A) 360 (B) 390 (C) 240 (D) 270

 1 1   1 2  1 3  1 n  1 3 78 
5. If the product of n matrices       ......   is equal to the matrix   then the value
 0 1   0 1  0 1  0 1  0 1 
of n is equal to -
(A) 26 (B) 27 (C) 377 (D) 378

6. Matrix A has x rows and x + 5 columns. Matrix B has y rows and 11 – y columns. Both AB and BA exist, then -
(A) x = 3, y = 4 (B) x = 4, y = 3 (C) x = 3, y = 8 (D) x = 8, y = 3

7. If A = diag (2, 1, 3), B = diag (1, 3, 2), then A2B =

(A) diag (5, 4, 11) (B) diag ( 4, 3, 18) (C) diag (3, 1, 8) (D) B

1 5   2 5
8. If A – 2B =   and 2A – 3B =  0  , then matrix B is equal to -
3 7   7

 4 5   0 6 2 1  6 1 
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
 6 7   3 7  3 2  0 1 

9. Matrix A is such that A2 = 2A – , where  is the identity matrix. The for n  2, An =

(A) nA – (n – 1) (B) nA –  (C) 2n – 1 A – (n – 1) (D) 2n – 1 A – 

 0 1 2
10. If A =   and (aI2 +bA) = A , then -
 1 0 
(A) a = b = 2 (B) a = b = 1/ 2 (C) a = b = 3 (D) a = b = 1/ 3

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 2 Part # I [Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions]

1. If A is a invertible idempotent matrix of order n, then adj A is equal to -

(A) (adj A)2 (B)  (C) A–1 (D) none of these

2. A square matrix can always be expressed as a

(A) sum of a symmetric matrix and skew symmetric matrix of the same order
(B) difference of a symmetric matrix and skew symmetric matrix of the same order
(C) skew symmetric matrix
(D) symmetric matrix

3. Choose the correct answer :

(A) every scalar matrix is an identity matrix.
(B) every identity matrix is a scalar matrix
(C) transpose of transpose of a matrix gives the matrix itself.
(D) for every square matrix A there exists another matrix B such that AB = I = BA.

4. Let A, B, C, D be (not necessarily square) real matrices such that AT = BCD ; BT = CDA; CT = DAB and
DT = ABC for the matrix S = ABCD, then which of the following is/are true
(A) S3 = S (B) S2 = S4 (C) S = S2 (D) none of these

5. Let A be an invertible matrix then which of the following is/are true :

(A) |A–1| = |A|–1 (B) (A2)–1 = (A–1)2 (C) (AT)–1 = (A–1)T (D) none of these

6. Let aij denote the element of the ith row and jthcolumn in a 3 × 3 matrix and let aij = –aji for every i and j then this matrix
is an -
(A) orthogonal matrix (B) singular matrix
(C) matrix whose principal diagonal elements are all zero (D) skew symmetric matrix

7. If A and B are two invertible matrices of the same order, then adj (AB) is equal to -
(A) adj (B) adj (A) (B) |B||A| B–1 A–1 (C) |B||A| A–1 B–1 (D) |A||B|(AB)–1

0 0 1 
8. If A  0 1 0  , then-
1 0 0 

0 0 1 
(A) AdjA is zero matrix 
(B) AdjA   0 1 
0
 1 0 0 
(C) A–1 = A (D) A2 = I

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 3 Part # I [Matrix Match Type Questions]

Following question contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. The statements in
Column-I are labelled as A, B, C and D while the statements in Column-II are labelled as p, q, r and s. Any given
statement in Column-I can have correct matching with one or more statement(s) in Column-II.
1. Column-I Column-II
Matrix Type of matrix

2 2 4 
(A)  1 3 4  (p) Idempotent

 1 2 3 

 5 8 0
3 5 0 
(B)  (q) Involutary
 1 2 1 

1 2 2 
1
(C) 2 1 2  (r) Nilpotent
3
2 2 1 

1 1 3 
5 2 6 
(D)  (s) Orthogonal
 2 1 3 

2. Column-I Column-II
(A) If A is a square matrix of order 3 and (p) 6

det A = 162 then det  A  =

3
(B) If A is a matrix such that A2 = A and (q) 5
2  1
(I + A)5 = I + A then
7
4 3 2
(C) If A =   and A – xA + yI = 0 (r) 0
2 5
then y – x =

 9 1 0 1 1 12 
(D) If A = 1 3 14 15 1 6  and (s) 9
 
17 18 19 20 

1 3 5 7 
 3 3 10 1 0 
B =  then (AB)23
5 10 5 0 
 
 7 1 0 0 7 

196
 MATRIX

Exercise # 4 [Subjective Type Questions]

1 2 
  4 5 6
1. If A =  3 4  and B =   , will AB be equal to BA. Also find AB & BA.
 5 6   7 8 2 

  
 0  tan
2  show that ( + A) = ( – A)  cos   sin  
2. If A =    sin  cos  
 tan  0   
 2 

0 1 1 
3. Let X be the solution set of the equation Ax = I, where A =  4 3 4  and I is the corresponding unit matrix and

 3 3 4 

x  N then find the minimum value of  (cos x   sin x ),   R.

1 1 2 
4. If A =  0 2 1  3
 , show that A = (5A – ) (A – )
 1 0 2 

5. If and B are square matrices of order n, then prove that A and B will commute iff A –  I and B – I commute
for every scalar .

6. If AB = A and BA = B, then show that A2 = A, B2 = B.

1  2 3 4 
1   
7. Find  (A  A  )  for A =  5 4 3 using elementary transformation.
2 
 7 2 9 

a 2  (b 2  c 2 )cos  ab (1  cos ) ac (1  cos )

2 2 2
8. If a 2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then prove that ba (1  cos ) b  (c  a )cos  bc(1  cos )
ca (1  cos ) cb (1  cos ) c 2  (a 2  b 2 )cos 

is independent of a, b, c

9. Investigate for what values of ,  the simultaneous equations

x + y + z = 6; x + 2 y + 3 z = 10 & x + 2 y +  z =  have;
(A) A unique solution (B) An infinite number of solutions.
(C) No solution.

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 MATRIX

Exercise # 5 Part # I [Previous Year Questions] [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]

a b    
1. If A =   and A2 =     then [AIEEE 2003]
 b a   
(1)  = a2 + b2,  = a2 – b2 (2)  = a2 + b2,  = ab
(3)  = a2 + b2,  = 2ab (4)  = 2ab,  = a2 + b2

0 0 1 
 
2. If A =  0 1 0  then- [AIEEE 2004]
 1 0 0 

(1) A–1 does not exist (2) A2 =  (3) A = 0 (4) A = (–1) 

1 1 1  4 2 2
3. If A = 2 1

3  and 10B =

 5

0   where B = A–1, then  is equal to- [AIEEE 2004]
1 1 1   1 2 3 

(1) 2 (2) –1 (3) –2 (4) 5

4. If A2 – A + I = 0, then the inverse of A [AIEEE 2005]

(1) I – A (2) A – I (3) A (4) A + I

5. If A =
LM1 0 OP LM1 0 OP , then which one of the following holds for all n1, (by the principal of
and I =
N1 1 Q N0 1 Q
mathematical induction) [AIEEE-2005]
(1) An = nA – (n–1) I (2) An = 2n-1A+ (n–1) I
(3) An = nA + (n–1) I (4) An = 2n-1A– (n–1) I

6. If A and B are square matrices of size n × n such that A2 – B2 = (A – B) (A + B), then which of the following will be
always true- [AIEEE- 2006]
(1) AB = BA (2) Either of A or B is a zero matrix
(3) Either of A or B is an identity matrix (4) A = B
1 2   a 0
7. Let A =   and B =  , a, b N. Then- [AIEEE- 2006]
 3 4   0 b 
(1) there exist more than one but finite number of B's such that AB = BA
(2) there exist exactly one B such that AB = BA
(3) there exist infinitely many B's such that AB=BA
(4) there cannot exist any B such that AB = BA

5 5 
 5   If |A2| = 25, then || equals-
8. Let A = 0  [AIEEE- 2006]
0 0 5 
2
(1) 5 (2) 1 (3) 1/5 (4) 5

201
 MATRIX

MOCK TEST
SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1 2 a b a d
1. Let A =   and B =   are two matrices such that AB = BA and c  0, then value of is :
3 4 c d 3b  c
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) –1

 3 1 1
2. If A = 0 1 2  , then AA is
 
(A) symmetric matrix (B) skew - symmetric matrix
(C) orthogonal matrix (D) none of these

3. Let A and B are two non-singular square matrices, A T and BT are the transpose matrices of A and B
respectively, then which of the following is correct
(A) BT AB is symmetric matrix if and only if A is symmetric
(B) BT AB is symmetric matrix if and only if B is symmetric
(C) BT AB is skew symmetric matrix for every matrix A
(D) BT AB is skew symmetric matrix if B is skew symmetric

4. If A and B are two square matrices of order 3 × 3 which satisfy AB = A and BA = B then (A + B) 7 is
(A) 7 (A + B) (B) 7.3 × 3 (C) 64 (A + B) (D) 128 3 × 3

5. If A3 = O, then  + A + A2 equals
(A)  – A (B) ( – A)–1 (C) ( + A)–1 (D) none of these

 x x x 
 x x x  –1
6. Let A =   , then A exists if
 x x x  

(A) x  0 (B)  0 (C) 3x +   0,   0 (D) x  0,  0

1 a  1 n
7. If A    then lim A is
0 1  n  n

0 a  0 0 0 1
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D) Does not exist
0 0 0 0 0 0

2 1  3 2 1 0 
8. If   A  =   , then A =
 3 2 5 3 0 1

1 1  1 1 1 0  1 1 
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D) –  
1 0   0 1 1 1  1 0 

209
 11th Class Modules Chapter Details

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

5 5 5
Modules Modules Modules

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

Module-1 Module-1(PC) Module-1

1. Physical World and Units 1. Mole Concept 1. Basic Maths and Logarithm
& Dimensions 2. Atomic Structure 2. Quadratic Equation
2. Basic Maths & Vector 3. Chemical Bonding 3. Sequence and Series
3. Kinematics 4. Gaseous State
Module-2
Module-2 Module-2(PC) 1. Trigonometric Ratio and
1. Thermodynamics Identities
1. Newton’s Law of Motion 2. Trigonometric Equation
& Friction 2. Thermochemistry
3. Chemical Equilibrium 3. Properties & Solution
2. Work, Energy & Power of Triangle
4. Ionic Equilibrium
Module-3 Module-3
Module-3(IC)
1. Centre of Mass & Collisions 1. Periodic Table & Its Properties 1. Permutation & Combination
2. Rotational Motion 2. Redox Reaction & Equivalent 2. Binomial Theorum
3. Gravitation Concepts 3. Complex Number
3. Hydrogen & Its Components
Module-4 4. S-Block Module-4
1. Straight Line
1. Mechanical Properties 2. Circle
of Matter Module-4(OC)
1. Nomenclature of 3. Conic Section
2. Thermal Properties of Matter (Parabola,Ellipse & Hyperbola)
Organic Compounds
Module-5 2. Isomerism
3. General Organic Chemistry Module-5
1. Simple Harmonic Motion 1. Mathematical Induction
2. Wave Motion Module-5(OC) 2. Mathematical Reasoning
3. Measurement Error 1. Reaction Mechanism 3. Statistics
& Experiment 2. Hydrocarbon
3. Aromatic Hydrocarbon
4. Environmental Chemistry

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http://www.etoosindia.com/smartmall/bookList.do
 12th Class Modules Chapter Details

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

5 5 5
Modules Modules Modules

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

Module-1 Module-1(PC) Module-1

1. Solid State 1. Sets & Relation
1. Electrostatics
2. Solutions and 2. Function
2. Capacitance
Colligative Properties 3. Inverse Trigonometric Function
3. Electro Chemistry 4. Probability
Module-2
1. Current Electricity Module-2(PC) Module-2
2. Magnetic Effect of Current 1. Chemical Kinetics and
and Magnetism Nuclear Chemistry 1. Limit
2. Surface Chemistry 2. Continuity
Module-3 3. Differentiability
Module-3(IC) 4. Method of Differentiation
1. Electromagnetic Induction
2. Alternating Current 1. Metallurgy
2. P- Block Module-3
Module-4 3. Transition Elements 1. Indefinite Integration
(d & f block) 2. Definite Integration
1. Geometrical Optics 4. Co-ordination Compound 3. Area Under the Curve
2. Wave Optics 5. Salt Analysis & Qualitative
Analysis Module-4
Module-5
Module-4(OC) 1. Application of Derivative
1. Modern Physics
1. Alkyl Halides & Aryl Halides 2. Matrix
2. Nuclear Physics
2. Alcohol, Phenol & Ether 3. Determinant
3. Solids & Semiconductor
Devices 3. Carbonyl Compound
Module-5
4. Electromagnetic Waves
5. Principle of Communication Module-5(OC) 1. Differential Equation
1. Carboxylic Acid & Their 2. Vector & 3-Dimensional
Derivatives
2. Biomolecules & Polymers
3. Chemistry in Everyday Life

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