IP address:

It stands for Internet Protocol address. It is a logical identity that uniquely identifies each device on a network. It is a mandatory address
responsible for data communication in an Internet. It is used in network layer of OSI reference model. It can be either public or private and
static or dynamic.

IP V4 IP V6
 32 Bits of Length  128 Bits of Length
 Group of 4 octet  Group of 8 octet
 0 to 255 range  0 to FFFF range
 340 Trillion Address (2128) //
 4 billion Address (232)// 4,294,967,296 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
E.g: 12.244.233.165 E.g:2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:7879

Type of IP Address:
 Private IP
o A public IP address refers to the unique identifier assigned to your internet connection by your internet service provider.
Your router uses your public IP address to identify you to the rest of the internet.

 Public IP
o The private IP address identifies different devices connected to the same local network.
IP Address:
Class First Octet Decimal Range IP Range Subnet N ID (1)+ H ID (0) Purpose
Class A 0-126 0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 N+ H H H For General use
Class B 128-191 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 N N+H H
Class C 192-223 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 N N N+H
Class D 224-239 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255 Not define Used In Multicasting
Class E 240-255 240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255 Not define Reserved For Research

Note: 127.0.0.1 [127.0. 0.0 – 127.255. 255.255] Local server or localhost or loopback address (managed/Reserve by OS )
Static IP: Fixed and permanent which never change. Used by DNS and web server
Dynamic IP: Changing frequently /not fixed and permanent.