Ceramics - Harmony in the design of shade and light in the Interior

architecture spaces
Dr. Sanaa Abdel-Gawad Eissa
Associate Professor, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University
Associate Professor, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Jizan University
Environmental standards are the main entrance to many design processes. With the growing
environmental awareness of the designer and society, the application of strict environmental
laws and standards in different production sectors, the trend towards reducing the energy
consumed in the architecture for lighting purposes and increasing the reliability of natural
lighting and the reduced of the use of industrial lighting is a primary goal of design processes.
Therefore, the research aims to balancing the functional and aesthetic requirements of the
lighting in the Interior architecture and its variations on the one hand, environmental
standards and the determinants of ceramic materials and techniques on the other. Through
three main axes - :Study of natural light in architecture and patterns of natural light
treatment - .The role of ceramics as an architectural alternative through an analytical study of
architectural models - .Providing design solutions that represent a methodology to meet a
basic architectural requirement in light of cultural and environmental determinants.
Key words: architectural Ceramic design, Natural lighting, sunlight ,solar shading, solar
screens Architecture sustainability, The Mashrabiya,, Interior architecture spaces ,Energy
saving
Problem :
Seeks to answer the following questions - :
-Is natural lighting in the architectural space an effective source of light?
- Are the architectural openings designed to employ natural lighting in the best way?
- Is there a problem in balancing the design of natural lighting with cultural and social
determinants?
-What is the role of ceramics in the formation of natural lighting in architectural spaces – ?
- Can the ceramic product offer functional and environmental solutions that compete with
alternative materials in the design of natural lighting in architectural spaces ?
- Goals :
1- Design of natural lighting in architectural spaces using ceramic .Emphasize the potential
of ceramics as a competitive architectural
2- Alternative in the treatment of architectural openings and the design of natural lighting.

Research hypotheses:
1- -Respecting the cultural context in the design of architectural openings and the
relationship of the internal space of architecture with the external environment that
would meet human needs and well-being.
2- -2The balance of the relationship between the requirements of the environment and
the determinants of culture is one of the pillars of environmental design and
sustainability.
3- -1Porcelain is a competitive architectural material.

search limits:

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 1- Material limitations: Reliance on ceramics in design and processing.
2-The design of natural lighting in the interior spaces.
3- Design for hot areas.
Research Methodology:
1- Analytical inductive method.
2- -2Descriptive analytical method.
3- Experimental method.

Importance of Natural Lighting:

Scientific studies and research have confirmed the importance of natural lighting in human
life due to its biological and physiological impact, whether in terms of colors, space, or
external appearance. It affects a person’s behavior, comfort and mood
"Space and light and order. Those are the things that men need just as much as they need
bread or a place to sleep" -Le Corbusier, August27, 1965

The effect of the state of the sky on the natural lighting inside the buildings:
Classify the state of the sky into three states, and thus its effect on illumination, as follows:
(a) The sky is completely overcast with clouds.
B - The sky is partly overcast with clouds.
c- A clear sky with a bright sun.
The main advantages of natural lighting are as follows:
1- In color rendering:
2- Feeling of emptiness:
3- Creates a dynamic property of the space as a result of the continuous change in the degree
and angle of illumination.
4- Sense of the scene: a vital communication channel between the inside and the outside.
5- However, the lack of a correct understanding of lighting may cause problems, including
increased heat and glare, and thus energy consumption.
Factors affecting the natural lighting inside the buildingThe main advantages of natural
lighting are as follows:
1- In color rendering:
2- Feeling of emptiness:
3- Creates a dynamic property of the space as a result of the continuous change in the degree
and angle of illumination.
4- Sense of the scene: a vital communication channel between the inside and the outside.
5- However, the lack of a correct understanding of lighting may cause problems, including increased
heat and glare, and thus energy consumption.
Factors affecting the natural lighting inside the building:

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 Factors affecting the amount of illumination

The reflection coefficient of Dimensions of the natural light

interior furniture interior surfaces and the
effect of the colors used inner space windows

Factors affecting the quality of natural lighting inside the

building

)color temperature(– (illuminance) )Glare( )Uniformity( )shadow(

Indirect lighting Direct lighting

Diversity of color tones for
natural lighting

3- Natural lighting control:

There are different types used as shading means to control
natural lighting and ventilation for architectural space and
lighting design. The research will focus on two main types,
including:
3-1 Solar screens (openers, mashrabiyas, nets, ....)
2-3 sun breakers.1- Natural lighting control.

3-1 Shading networks (porcelain and its use in the

design of natural lighting).
First: Ceramics between sustainability standards and heritage
values - Energy Building in Masdar City Abu Dhabi -:
Masdar City is considered one of the most advanced and Variety of treatment between
sustainable buildings in the world, in terms of the range of unloading and surface change
technologies and technologies used in it. These technologies are
being integrated, according to the elements of sustainability to be achieved. and that is
through:
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1- Using sustainable materials and materials with low impact on the environment.
Where the highest standards of thermal insulation are used.
2- The use of mashrabiyas (porcelain) and recycled aluminum sheets to reduce the glare of
the sun on the buildings to shade the glass facades, and at the same time, increase the natural
light, and thus reduce the demand for lighting and artificial cooling.
The richness of the color reflects a heritage character, which enhances the social aspects as
well as it stimulates energy and appetite, and it is derived from the warm colors of the sun,
which reflects vitality and fun on the recipient. The diversity between the curves of the large
roofs that transformed the roof of the building into a group of successive waves, and between
the delicate geometric modules hollowed out on those roofs, creating a rhythm between the
contrast of the two elements, giving more vitality to the design, as well as removing the
stereotypical traditional form from which the design was inspired. The consistency of the
treatment and design of the units used in ceramics with other materials, which enhanced the
material, its richness and capabilities, and created a field of diversity and integration in
treatments with other materials such as wood and metal strips.

Second, the design of the facade and its relationship to

the design of lighting in the interior spaces - Architects
Complex in Lisbon, Portugal.
The performance of the building varies according to the
different thermal properties of the materials used, and one
of the most important characteristics that are required to
be available in the outer shell of the building is to reduce
heat exchange between the interior and the exterior.
The expansion building of the Architectural Complex in
Lisbon, Portugal, by the original architect Peter
Chermayev, which was built in 1998, is a clear indication Engineers Complex Building and Architectural
of the possibilities of dialogue between craftsmanship and Cladding as an Entrance to Architectural Design

technology in the field of cooperation between the

architect and the potter who transcend all traditional
limitations in the work, and which was clad with 5000
ceramic units between empty or closed Which provides
the necessary shading, ventilation, natural lighting and
permeability for a panoramic view of the field and water
bodies, where the expansion represents a third of the
architectural mass of the complex and contains a space for
temporary exhibitions, and a hall for public services.
the design: The design of natural lighting in the architectural
The ceramic here was not presented as a typical cladding space in the rest and restaurants area and the white
for an architectural structure, but was presented as an control of the place from cladding, shade nets,
furniture and floors, which gave the general
entrance to the building design from the beginning. This atmosphere of the place a sense of joyful comfort
reflects the simple geometrical shape of the architectural
block mainly in the design on the values of the ceramic cladding units to add a unique
character to the building. The simplicity of the architectural block and the strength of the
material in the cladding to achieve a balance between simplicity and details we find it
adopted On the element of repetition alone in the design of the entire space and introduce the
concept of exiting the repetitive system and employing deletion to find spaces that were
employed to design the lighting in the interior space and for ventilation.
Relying on the white color, although the weather is a clear sky, which means a high
percentage of shadows and glare, but it is also a reflection of heat that works on heating in the
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cold winter. He also used various shades of white and gray with slight color variation to add
vitality to the facade, and he used a glossy paint that reflects in the sunlight a spectrum of
colors The surrounding nature of water bodies and green spaces.
Techniques:
The units were produced with a limited quantitative production pattern that suits the project
system, as it relied on a mixture of mechanical and manual production stages. It also relied on
a mechanical fixation technique designed specifically for those ceramic units.
lighting design:
His interest in the heritage engineering unit used in the design is reflected in making it the
same in the formation of shadow and light in the interior space where he designed the hollow
shape. We also find the effect of shadow and cheerful light, which added vitality and activity
to the interior space, and we find it employed natural lighting in the spaces of public services
and resting places, which is commensurate with the value of visual communication between
the building and the field panorama around it.
Sun breakers:
Sun breakers result in the formation of shadows, and the formation of shadows takes its shape
according to the design of the breaker:
It is divided into external shading and internal shading:
In all cases, it is less efficient compared to external sun breakers and depends on the diversity
of limits in materials and alternatives
Classification of external sunshine:
1- Horizontal Sun breakers:
2- Vertical Types
3- Egg-crate Types:
Application axis:
Lighting design with the concept of shade nets:
The research relied on choosing one of the types of lighting design methods in the interior space,
which is the shade nets, due to the flexibility of the design and the diversity of installation methods,
but at the same time, it could be one of the reasons for not achieving standardization in installation
and units.
In the proposed experiments, the researcher relied on the Islamic style as a source of design through:
-1The concept of repetition and gradation of repetitive units for building shadow networks due to its
richness in elements and compatibility in the pattern of repetitive construction, growth and
bifurcation. The size of the units and the interior space is a flexibility for the designer to configure the
desired degree of illumination as well as the degree of visual contact with the outside.
-2Diversity and richness of the source in elements that combined geometric shapes, curved lines and
natural elements.
The following are the proposed designs, starting with the design source and the details of the iterative
unit and its employment
first design :

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second design :

third design :

fourth design :

Results:
1- Ceramic sunflowers are considered one of the most widespread architectural
alternatives, but they are widespread in Western architectural styles with cold
climates, despite their suitability to the environmental and cultural conditions in hot
areas.
2- Ceramic shade nets can be designed to achieve sustainability standards in terms of
energy savings, as well as respecting the determinants of the cultural context.
3- The use of ceramic shade nets, which distinguishes them from the diversity of colors,
textures and degrees of glossiness, giving them a competitive advantage to suit
different environmental conditions.

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4- Ceramic shade nets give the facade design high aesthetic values and a special and
unique character.
5- Ceramic shade nets of flexibility to the extent that suits various contemporary
architectural styles.
Recommendations:
1- Communication between the potter and the architect in the initial stages of
architectural design is essential, as the materials used and the available techniques are
one of the important design entrances.
2- The importance of knowing the architects and designers of interior architecture with
all its raw materials, alternatives and capabilities.
3- Develop standard methods for installing and constructing ceramic shade nets for ease
of use
4- Developing production patterns for the production of shade nets, as most of them
depend on semi-quantitative production so that they can be produced quantitatively,
which increases the chances of their availability in the market and their low cost .