OFIABJIEHHE Beenenue ; 1, Basosne suipaxenaa aaa onTHMusauun epposarut ra yerpokers : Bla i aa 1. Faaputian womiocts a cexeue marmuronpopona =| 2, Mokasarean noteps u TenaoBoro pexHMa E (3. Marematiueckoe orpaxeulte TeomeTpiueckHx Hoxasatereh | 4. HaotHocts ToKa H BAMsiOUIHe Ha Hee NapameTpH . =. 5, PaGouan wuaysis H cocoOm ee Bupaxeuia 5 (6. YaeabHo-sKOHOMHNecKHe OKaSaTeAM H HX (opMadusalinn | .” Ourumiaana reomerpaM eppomariurHmx yerpolicrs F 2.1. Bawsaue reomerpu MY wa ux oGbemuBle Moxasatem 2:2 Onpenenesue reomerpun MY meronom HesasHcHMoh onTH- musa . bea 23, Bante ua reoMerpuio naoTHocTH ToKa it HUAYKUI | 2.4. Onpererente napamerpos ontawaabHoa reomerpun OMY apa orpauuuessx no meperpeny —. —, 25, Ontumasauns reomerpHd topowaamuux OMY - . 2.6. @eppomarnuruue yerpolicraa KaGeabioro cnoaKeNUR » 27, OGoGwmennsie reoMerpHHeckHe WOKasaTeNH THROBLIX KOHCTPYK- ua OMY : eal 3. Pacuet ociosaux dusiiecknx beminn CBY OMY > | 3.1. Oransuteapetie cnotersa CBU OMY 32, Tunoswe pexuua paGor CBY OMY u wx xapaxrepwcrukn 33. Ouswueckwe napamerpst H BuOop HX sHaveHHl K pacyeTy 34. Bosmomuie wcnoauena CBY ®MY mu ux noxasateam 3 cpaBHuTembHow oleHKe oe ee ee ees 35. BuOop xouerpyxumn CBY OMY |! 36. CBU OMY p speie npomexyrowoto npeo6pasonaans vac- tors : 4 Ocvone HonoKewus MKeHlepHoro npoeKTHpoBaHNS CBU ry 5 oma 4.1. Viexoaie aanusie naz pacteros H upoekruposamin | 4.2. BuiGop napaMerpos, He S@BHCAULWX OT KOHCTPyKTHBHOTO He noamenns a a 43, Onpenenenue reomerpiueckiix napamerpos 44, Pacuer saexrpomariiraix seamsnn CBY OMY w annetanx aaMepos ero MaruTonpopoRa =. wee 45. Koucrpyxrasuui pacuet o6morox, oe 5. Hpumepa pacieros CBY OMY, Bil. Hpoextuponanie ciaopbix BHICOKOYaCTOTHNX TpaHchopMaropa W APOCCeNA HaCHIULeHHA ANA BAICOKOBOABTHLX eMKOCTHLX Ha- xonureneli sueprad (EHS). 52, Pacier CBY OMY no sanaunim napanerpaa Marmuronpo- Bona : 5.3, Tipumep npoexruposaia woniux CBY OMY c Goasinuntt Cetenuaun maruironposox0s a ae 54, Pacer topommaauoro CBUT . )) 5.5, Pacuet CBUT xaGeabuoro wenomemia |. ‘Siwrepatypa re ee 4 95 106 107 110 112 uz 139 144 151 155 164YJIK 621.372.632 Baapaun P. X, OGpycunx B, I, Onrumambuoe npoexruposa- Hie: CHNOBKX BEICOKONACTOTHEIX deppoNlarunTusxx ycrpolicte. — ToMcK: Vsa-so Tom. yu-ta, 1987—168 c—I1 p. 30 x. 1000 9x3. 2402020000. B xuwre oGoGntemst conpeMenmue gocTiDKeHHA WayKH H MpakTHKH No, mpoekrHpoBanitio BECOKONacTOTHBX eppomaruuTuNX yerpolicTB (CBY OMY), x Koropam oroewTes Tpalegopwaropy,,Apoecean coments, yuroxuremit witeaa das a 7. a. Haeted moauaa cxena minse- Hepuoro ‘mpoextuponanma CBY @MY, Gasipyiomaicn wa HeComiliom Komivecre mpoctux suipaxennil, mpeamoxemMuix H OKasaHNX B xunre. TIpHsezeus mpumepi ontaMansioro paciera ss{coKO%acrOTHEX rpanchopmaropos n apocceelt go 200'KBA ua dasy. Tapaurupyerca BuCOKaR TOUOCT KOHEYHHIX pesyabTaTos npoeKTHpoBamMA CBY OMY gaa_Auanasoua Yactor 0,4+-100 KPa. Han creutaanicron, ' saummaiouuixen Bompocam mpoexruposauiis omekTPOHNLIX H mpeoOpasosaremsubx CHCTEM, a TAKE Ata cTYseHTOB BY3OB VleKTPOTeXHHNeCKOTO H PagHOTexKMecKOrO MpodutaCh Penensent— A. B. Ko63e8 2402020000 202020000 94 — 85 177 (012) — 87 © Moxaremérao Tomckoro ynunepcnrera, 1987 BBEMEHHE Bonpocst. ontuMaapHoro npoextipoanis BBicoKo¥a- cToTHBIx TpaxciopMatopon H Apoccesteli HacumenHA, paso kak m Apyrux nogo6usix um eppomarunrisx yerpolicrs (aprorpacopMaropos, yMHoxnTesci vacrorel, npeobpa- sonareneli uncna a3. i Ap.), He sBusIOTeR B.TeOpHM 1 MpakTuke HOBBIMH, HO OcTaloTcH aKTyaJbitimn. HanGoaee HONHO HYWHHBIMH CuNTaloTcA BONPOcHI MpoeKTHpoRAHHA BHICOKOUACTOTHLIX qeppomarunribix yerpoiicrs (PMY) Mawoit Moutioct — fo HecKOabKUX KtIonomT-amnep [1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15], Ho mpogomKaiommecn ucesegonanmn [2, 16, 21 nf ap.] noKastiaior, ¥ro axe B 9TOM AManaszoNe Mom: Hocteit MpHXOAUTCH KOppeKTHpOBaTS peayaBTarHl n noNO- XKeHIA, He BEISEIBABIINe pate comuertif. CrmoBBIe BuICO- KouacrorHbie cbeppomarnirrsie yerpoiicrsa (CBU ®MY) 3aHMAlOT B TeOPH H MpakTHKe ocoGoe nosoxKenne. IpaK- THYCCKAR 9S/EKTPOTCXHNKA, BKMOYAIOULaR pasnoTexHHNe- ckne yerpofictsa, npeo6pasonarenn napamerpos sacKTpo- SHeprit, 9eKTPOHUbIe cHCTeMBI _ pasmuHOrO Ha3Hayerna IT. A, He NCHBITHBATA B NPCABIAYUINE Foss HeoOxoAUMO- cTH umpoxomacura6woro npumenennnt CBU ®MY. Bos- HHKaBUINe YacTHBe npoOjeMbi pelliauch ycnellHo ie 27 un ap.], no Aa OGcTonTeNbHEIX HiccHeAOBAHiLi CBY OMY KoNKpeTHbix TpeCoBanmii npaxTuKa uveTKo He BLABHTasa. Conpemenubit uay4no-rexnmueckuii nporpecc BBIBHHy. HoBbie 3aaun B O6jacTH NpHMeHenna CBY OMY. K coxa- JeHIsI0, usBeCTHBIe HayYHO-upakrHueckiie paspa6orKn oKa- Balch HexOCTATOUNBIM LIA Toro, YTOGM BEICoKODdipeK- ‘TuBHOe npuMenenue CBU ®MY ue neisnipaso sarpyanennit. B wactosmee ppema CBU OMY ta mounocti Gonee 10 KBA u yacrorst Gonee | KT me cTanAapTusoBanbl 1 MaccoBo He Bbinyckalores. Yenexn orAenbHDIX paspa6oToK ¥ BHexpenuf CBY OMY, nanpumep B ciictemax BbIcoKoda- crorHoro Harpesa, He pemaior oOmel npoOnemb Hay4Ho OGOCHOBaHHOTO MpOeKTHPOBaRA 9THX YCTPolicTB, NOCKOJIb- 3ky oGaacti nx mpuMeneHus Gricrpo pacumpmorca. Conpe- Melia npeodpasoparespitan TeximKa TpeOyer Maccoporo HporsBoscrsa Tpakcopmaropow u Apocceseli HachinteHHs Ha MOUIHOCTH OT AecATKOB O TEICAY KIWOBOBT-aMmep TPH uacrorax 2100 KIu. Tpe6yworen CBY MY n Goaee BuicoKOro YacToTHOrO ANeMagoHa IIpit MowocTAX B AecsTT- xn xutopatr [3]., Buoane oveBtANO, ¥ro BLIcoKospextuBHoe npuMerenme CBU OMY 6es orpaboranHtx ji HEX NpHeMOR MHDKeHEp- yoro MpoekTapoBanua itenosMorxHo. Hcnomszonanne 3nech Xopoulo pasBuTbiX TeOpull MH MeTOAOB ApoeKTHpoRaHita MAIOMOULULIX BICOKOACTOTHEIX PMY rpe6yer cymectBeN- HBX TONpaBoK, OGoSWeHIbX B eauuYTO cHCTeMy HpHeMOB onriMampuoro Upoextiporanus usenio CBY OMY B 13 BecTHoii aMTepaType We Nadarasiocb, N aBTOpH. Bana Ha ce6n oTBeTcTHcHHOcTe peullirh TaKyIo 3aqayy B AaHHOi paoore. Tipeasoxertan eroanKa miakeHeptoro pacuera napa- merpos CBY @MY 1 mpunerennuie npumepsr ee npuniene- Hug Gasnpyloret Ha TeopeTuMecKHX “MoJOKeMAX TaHKOlt paGorts. Dospuniictao 13 9THx Nonoxennit wBasiorcs pe~ ayJIbTaToM WcseHalpaBaeHHol cuictemarnsaumn — pabor apropos 11 UMelowelicn B auTeparype mmpopmanun o-CBY MY c nepepasorkoit 1 aoMOTHeHHAMH, OGecHednBaIoNLIME b cOBOKYNHOCTH peuieHNe KoHKpeTHo! sanaui — onTHMady- HOFo NpoeKTpOBAHIIA cuOBEIX BbICOKOYacTOTHEX eppo- MarHiiTuix yerpolicTs c oBecHeveHiteM Auta HUX MaKCHMalTb- Hol HpoxonHoh Mowsoctu Ha enuunuy OGbema Mp sanam- nofi gouycrimoit Temmepatype meperpena o6moTOK u cep- HevHNKOB ti 3aMANNBIX 9HepreriMecKHx XapakTepitcTuKax, 1, BASOBBIE BbIPADKEHHS JIA ONTHMH3ALHH @EPPOMATHHTHBIX YCTPOHCTB Tipu pacuere rpancopmatopos, paBHo Kak I Apyrux nogoGuux uM (beppomaruuTHLx yerpolicts (PMY) — xpoc- ceaeit wacumenns, npeoSpasonaresteit uncaa a3, yMHO- xuTenelt un jesrestel YACTOTE HL T. J, B TCXHIECKOH AUTepATYPe NPHKATO NCHoAIOBATH HeCKONDKO rpynn ypaB~ neni, OTpaxaiomux BaxHefMMe cooTHoMeHIA MexLY reoMeTpHYCCKIMH Mf SueKTpOMarAUTHIMN MapameTpamit. Onn onpexenmor cai3p MexkAy MomHocTHIO, noTepsMH, TeMIOBNMH PEKKMAMH, MATHMTHO-SIeKTPHMECKHMM BETH WUHAML, OCHOBHLIMN pasmepani mM UedbIM psiqOM Mapa- MeTPOB, BANALOUINX Ha TEXHHKO-9KOHOMMUCCKIe —MOKAasa- TeNH MPH TeX HW NHBIX YCcIOBUAX NpoeKkTHpoBania anta- para. Huxe npupogsren te ypapitenns, xoToptie tanGoace Noo yAoBieTBOpmOT TpeGoBaluAM BbICOKOYACTOTHEIX OMY, B terom stl ypabiennx cnpaneqinpit at BCeX wacTor, Moka cyllecTBeHHyI0 pow He HaunHaioT urpat ma- pagntitie napamerpts. Orpanmyenia Ha HUX Jerko ycra- Hapanpalores pH MpoexTHpowantin. 1.1. Ta@apwtian moumwocth M ceseHHe MarHuTonpoBona Ypapnenie, ycranapmpaionee cBash Mmex~y MomI- HOCTHIO, OCHOBHEIMH S1eKTpOMArHUTHBIMH NapaMerpamit It reoMerpiueckumn pasmepamm deppomarunrioro yerpoti- CrBa, ABARETCH OAHIM U3 NEHTPANNBX ju ONTHMT3 AHH. B xawecrse pacuerHoil MouHocrn 6ynem cnomD30BaTb raGapntHyio MOUHOCTD Ha ofHy dasy P, npeacraBarsiony1o coGoli MakcHMasbHyio MoaHy! MOMLHOCTS Ha BXOMe yerpoli- eTBa oT AelicrBylomnx sHaueHnit HanpsxKeHNA HN TOKa OfKO! hau unraioutelt ceTn Ada MX MaKCHManDHHX BEAN B nepecuere Ha AJUTeAbHBL pexuM P=U-h, (1) rae Uy, —pacuerusie, sagaunue nam npuuaTae nefi cTByIoulie sHaveHiA HANpHKeHUK u TOKA AI OAHO! *asst Ha pxoze OMY. 5Snayenna U, u fy Herpyauo yerantonurs, stan onpene- ainemble Texsafaiiem HOMIHaTE BEIXOAHBX —pesTITYHH, SueKTPHYECKYIO CXeMY, B KOTOPO! paGoTaloT poeKTupye- Mble tpatcbopmatop wan MY, H HecraGnsbHocTs BxXOA- Horo HanpsiKeHmtA. B [1, 4, 5]-ame nombayiorcx MouHocrbio HarpyaKu (uomuiansiof im cpeaienspeutennofl), Cxntaem, 40 K sToil MouOcTIT MOxHO TlepeiiTH, UomBsysice cpopmystoit Pr=P + Kp, (1.2) rate Kp = cosps x9. (1.3) Py—pbixogias MoumtocTe ogHoi dase; @ — yrou capira nepemettioro TOKa Ha BXOse NO OTHOWHIIO K BXOR- HoMy Hanpmxkenmo; x—Koappuunent uckaxkeHHa nepe- MeHHOro TOKa Tia BXOge} n— KosppuUNHeHT nosesHoro jeli- crbus Ha ryTH sHepritt OT ceTH K Harpyske. Ilan Homiutanpiord, To ects pacieTHoro, pexuma sHa- venun @, % 1 1] BafaioTCA B TeXSALAHHN HAM MOTYT ObITb paccuntanu. Mostomy mpo6aemm nepeitra ot P x Py He cymecrayer. Yao6uo pk Npoextuponamuu u onTuMu3a- ulm ‘eppomariurnuix ycrpolicra Toabsonatbca nemAH- nann P, Uj, 1, ompenermouumn saeKTpoMarHuTibe pexu- MH muTarointeli cei 1 OMY p uestoM. 970 ocoGenHo BaxKHO, Kora YacTOTa HuH YucsO das OT BXOAa K BBIXOAY Me- amiotes. Cpssarb Bxogity10 Moutttocts © apyrumH mapamerpamit H BeNHYUHAMH HeTpyAHO Yepes THMOBLe BpAxKenus Ate Hanpaxenna u toKa [1] Ur = 4KgW if: BSekae [B]; (1.4) Ty = Son+ Koxttoj/ Wi, (1.5) re Ky—Kospuutert opmer BxozHoro ¢bastoro Hanpa- ake (4 clYCONAK Ky = 1,11); fi—Yactora wanpa- XK MuTaIoMeli cerk mo TepBoit rapmonne, M UYHCAO BUTKOB OOMOTKH, BKMOYAeMO! Ha BXOLHOe Hanpa- xkeune Uy; Se—Monepeuioe cevettue MaruuTonponona, x?, Ha KoTOpom nomemeta oOMoTKa Wy; (noamarHuunpaemee yuacrku BEYHTaIOTCH); Kee — KOspunuelT . sanomenAA cepaewnuka MarnuTitim Matepiiagom (qamtNe cM. B ra6x, 3.5); B—Makcumaapian padovaa unayxuns, Ta, 10 llepemeniiott cocrapamouteli; Sox— ceveHe, M?, OKHa, B KO- ropom Haxogutes oOMotKa Wy; mo—vacts nsoMaRH OKI, aaimmaemas oOMoTKOi W);.Kox—Koshbunuent sanosue- Hui OKHa OOMOTOWHMM MaTepHatOM, 0 eM cKasaHO B ae 33.35 j—ycpeauennan mnaorwocth ToKa 218 o6MoTOK, Ale. Peman conmecrno (1.1), (1.4), (1.5), noayunm, P= Akg holixeKnSovSeBihh (1.6) Bupaxcnne (1.6) wapoxo ynorpeGaseren p rexnuue- cKoit JiTepatype TIpu TeX Han HEX MognpuKanitax. Ox- Wako B Hem He OTpaxeHa AOKasaiitax B paGore [2] baxk- Nag pom cootuoulena Ks = Sox/Se, ompenermonicro reo- Merpiieckyio ontumusauitio B ueOM, Tpeo6pasyem pbipaxkenue (1.6) c y¥eTom mnokagatens Benutinitbs orHlocurenbHo ceuelin OKHa Ks = Sox/Se (1.7) H TapaMerpos oTHocHTeaBHHX sHayeHHA HHAyKUMH 1 sactoret By = BiBy fe = Filfios (1.8) me By fio—Sas0nne aiavenns nnayxuun u vacrors, IPH KOTOPBIX BHOUPAWTCH YReABHBIE MOTEPH B CTAAH Peo. C yuetom (1.7) 1 (1.8) pipaxkenne (1.6) noayyitr Bia P=M,Kj-ByfiS* [BA], (1.9) RpMoKoxkseBolio_|, (1.10) Peutaa (1.9) oriocureabio Se, noayuaen only ts ueKT- PasbHBIX IT ONTHMAbHOrO MpoeKTHpoBAKHA PMY dop- My. Gaskctoro cevenun MarnuTonpoBoga rae [ (1.11) Bupaxenun (1.10) u (1.11) damn pprzeaene, rax KaK ARAMIOTCA BAXKTBIME AIT pellleHt BOMpocoB onTHMaNBHOTO npoextuponanun OMY, uro Gyzer ovBUAHEIM Hs Mocse- AYIOULIX pasgzenoB KHUTH. 1.2, Mloxasarean noreps # Tenaosoro pexuma Horepi momuocrn MY onpegeamor temmeparypy ero Warpepa, nOsTOMy cyllecTReHHO BaNsOT Ha pacueTHsLe Mapaerpl, Orpanuyentie noTeph MouHocTH 34 cyeT cooT- BeTcTBYIOMLerO BEGOPa oONpeseAMOMUX 9TH HOTepH Mapa- 7Merpon H BemHuNH Bcerga cBolicrsenHo CBU ®MY. Caasb Mex noTepAMM 1 BATITIOULIMN Ma HEX REANMNMHAMH B ‘rexiueckori turepatype ycraHonrera n AoKasana [1, 5, 11, 15 4 ap.]. Bupaikenus aa9 stoli canan umeior Bin SP. = 6 BUflVegetrcs (1.12) APx = pxtorVii?s (1.13) AP = APc + APy = APs (1+); (1.14) v= AP/APs, (1.15) Te pe~—YACMbHBe HOTepH B CepaevHIKAx MarHitronpoBo- aa, Br/xr, npn Gasopbix sHavennax mmyKunn Bo n vacto- Tot fio (cM. pasnen 3.3.1); yr, y—cTéneHHbie noKasaTenK, yeraHosjeHube onbitHo; peKomenayercn [1] Opatb yi = 2, y= 1,5; y CBY OMY nemnunny y caeayer BEGnpate Gonee TOWO B aBHCHMOCTH OT pUMeHAemorO maTepiiasta Ait MArHHTONPOBOLOB 11 GasoBO! YacTOTH. fio (CM., HANpLt- Mep, anubie 1a61. 3. 4); V.—o6sem MaraiTomposona, M?; ge—YAedbHHil Bec MaTepHala MarHiTonpoBosa, kr/m?; Vy—yedosubiit oGbem, KaTyWKN; px —yenbHOe compornnaenie, o6moroK, Om: M, ¢ y¥eTom oKpyxaroutelt remnepaTyps H YacTOTEI MpoTeKaromero ToKa; AP 1 APx— notepit ,aKTHBHOM MOMHOCTH B cepaeYHUKAX NH KaTYUIKAX; AP—noaHbie norepu akrhBHoi MomHoctit; v— Kosei UNCHT OTHOUICHHA MoTeph aKTHBHOM MOULWOCTH B KaTYUIKaX K norepaM B MarunTonponoze. Ormerua, "70 ecu HEAYKUNA B cepReNUMKax mn TOK B KaTylUKax HecHHyconfadbHB, To. sHayenn AP, n APx Heo6XxoaUMO onpeennTh KaK cpeMHeKBanpaTHuNNe 21% OCHOBHBIX FapMOHIK MPH cooTeTCTBYIOUHX IM YacTOTaX Poo M px. Tana chyyaes cibHo BLIpaKeHHBIX NepBEIX rap- MOULK STOrO MOXxKHO He NeTaTb. Onpenenenne ‘remnepaty pit neperpesa cbeppomaraiTHLIX yerpoiicra 1 cocraBnsIOMLNX nx SeMeRTOR ABATeTCR caMO- CrowredbHoi 1 BecbMa cslO%KHOM sanayeli, KoTopat B Ha- cromiiitee Bpems yeneurHo peutena [1 1 ap.]. OgnaKo nom SoBaTbCH HSBECTHBIMH MeTOLaMH TenJoBorO pacieta DMY uedlecooGpastio nocste onpenecteHih BCEX OCHOBHBIX Napa- MeTpoB STHX ycrpolicTs, TO ecTb Ha sTame MpoBepoyHUX pacteros. B apouecce aHasnsa m ciHTesa, Korma BeseTeH HONCK MHOKECTBA BEANE 1H MapameTpoB (adleKrpomarHuT- RDIX, PUSHYCCKHX I reoMeTpHyecKHx), HanGouee moAHO YAOBNETBOPAIOWLX No coBOKYMHOCTH CBOUX 3HayeHNii MuI- HUMyMy Tpe6yeMoro yfeTbHO-SKOHOMMYECKOrO MOKasaTeAA, 8 Bera weqaTelbHo MpHMensth Mpoctefiume renoBbie Kpitrepuitt, KOTOpble Ges 3aMeTHoro yulep6a Ant TOUHOCTH pettiastn Gn nocrapaeiHyi sagaty Kak MOxKHO pole. Hamit npaunwaetca, sro onrimnsayua MY npn ga- Aanitbix TeMnepatypax Meperpesa KaTYWeK H MarHtITONpO- BOOB OGecneyHRAeTcH ¢ AOCTATOYHO!. npocToTOf n TOu- HOcTbIO, ec Moab30BaTECH pexoMeHgoRanHtMM’ B [1] oboSienHEMH KOsppuuHeHTaMs TenmooTRANH cepzeut KOB Gy H KaTyUIeK oy. B prsiveckom cubicre sti KOadpipul- UNeHTH aRanioTes OTBNENeNHEMH RETEUIAMI 1 NOKASHIBA- ror (408 KOHKpeTHEX ycuOBIN OXTaKAeHIIA, MaTepraxon 1 Tonepxnocteit), Kaka akTuBHaN MoMLHocTS sarpauiBaeTca quia Harpesa eqmHiHol MoMA MOBepXHOCTH Ha Osi rpagye mo Lleasemo. 3uavena oc Ht ox MOTyT ObITb pac- cura n onpeestenit oneirHo. [1a yepeanentsix pacse- OB MpH ecTecTBeHHOM oxsaxKiLeHMH pexomertyercs [1] TprmmMars oc = ox = 10 Br/w?- rpaa, Yoemmenne sHa- veunit aux KosdpmueHToN SaBicHT oT pana dakTopoR: Nponurku, YAyUUleHA OXAarKAeHNA 3a CHET KpemleHIs OMY « taccn (129 oe), LOnOAHHTe THOT OGAYBA tT. 2 Boaee nogpoGuo o BASH pasaHUNEX akTOpoR Ha BeAII- MMHEL Ge, Ox CKABAHO B pasil. 3.3.3. B ueviom sHavenua Ge H ox MOXKHO YeraHoBHTe npemBa- PHTebHO, TO ecTh AO ONTHMHBanNH Hapamerpon ®MY, 1 cuitarTh 37H KOSHNHEHTH B AadbHeilMeM M3sBecTHBIMH napamerpamu. Ikan cutosux BuicokovacrorHux MY xapakrepHet Ba TIMOBLX cay4ax TenTOOTAAYH B OKpY2KatOUly!o cpesty: a) MArAiTonpoBodb H KaTyWKH OXTaxRaoTcH HesaBH- cHMO, TO ecTb OHM TenMoNsoTMpoBANBI HIM paszeleHBl oxdaxxtaroulaMit Kanaan; 6). Tellz0 MarHuTonpoBOZOB NacTHNHO HaH ToJAHOCTHIO (roponaaabiue yetpoiictea) mepenaercs Yepes movepx HocTb KaTyuleK. f Vopectwe cay¥an gia HusKONacToTHEX OMY, Korma Tero KaTYiNIeK vaCTHMHO OTBOAHTeA vepes cepmesiHKH, npakriueck He Ha6mogaioren y CBU OMY. Teperpes cepaeuuikos n KaryleK mp HesaBncmMom oxaaxknerinn onncipderes coraaeHo [1] Bbiparxerinami: te = APo/oelles (1.16 a) te = APy oul, (1.166) re -to—Temiteparypa neperpesa Haq temmepatypoit oK- py Rawuleh cpekW AIA cepeTHUKOB, Tpass-t—T0 He AAR 9katyKi; To, Ty — nonepxtoctn oxtaxqennt mariuro- NpoBosOB Mt KaTyUleK cooTBETCTBEHHO, M2, Buparenua qa Te u Mx upupezenu » pasa. 1.3, Ecait reniooSMmen mexiy MariiTolpoBofoM # O6MoT- KaMil cymectByer, TO AI TeIIOBOTO Gananea pexomenzyeT- ca [1] apyroe Buparxenne AP, AP y= 045M, + oe Te = 3t11,B, (1.17) 2 (oon a parte Fete (hr) B= Te/Tx. (1.176) Sxecb 6 aBaReTcA oGoOMeNNHM KosdpiuueEHTOM Ten AOOTLAU, OMIAKOBLIM ALIA KATYIICK H cepAeYHIKOB, y KO- TOPLIX HeBosMOKeH TAKIKE pasitel eperpeD, TO ecb Ox = Oc 0, HTT ®opmyaa (1.172) naa B sanupnveckas, sto xocrarowno rountas. Tas Kaxkoii u9. coctanamonunx HoTepb MOILHOCTH B BL paren (1.17) MoxkHo aanucars APy = ota heBs (1.182) APe = otelleBe, (1.186) rae Bu= B/I+9; (1.188) Be = vB/B (1 -+¥) = Bav/p. (1.18) Bupaxenua (1.184), (1.186) mo otHomenmo x (1.16 a), (1.166) avasiores Goree o6uuam. Tp Hesanncn- Mom oXT@KEMIN KaTYUIeK 1 MariiTonpoBOMa B HIX cae Ayer upunimath By=Be= 1. Ori pepaxesna urpaior BaKHYIO po B oNpeneenuH REAM, TPeOyIoULX Orpan- yeni mo nonycruMoMy meperpeny. 1.3, Matematueckoe otpaxkente reomeTpueckHx mokasatenel Teomerpasieckne nokasarean mplicyrersylor mpaxitue- KH BO BCeX PacueTHBIX ypaBHeHax PMY, npnyvem anmel Hie pasMepel I TeoMeTpHA B UeTOM STHX yerpolicTs pe- mlatouliM O6pasom BANGIOT Ha IX yReAbHO-sKoWOMIUECKHE nokasatemt, OcoGerHo 370 caolicrsenno CBU MY, npe- Oyiouim pasBuTHKx noBepxHocrell Wim oXaaxKneHis. Ma- 10 TeMaTHYecKHe BLIPAKeHIA OGbeMOB cepAeuHIIKOR un KaTY- ulex, NOBepxHOcTell HX OXAaXKAeHMA, cpeMANX mepuMeTpoR MarHITONPOROAOB HH KaTYUIeK Yepes “eTHpe OCHOBHBIX JII- nelibx pasMepa mariitonposona— pbicoTy A n uinputy ¢ oxwa, WHpHBy a H Tormany b MarHuTonpoBona (pic. 1.1) Rawr ypapieina, ompeneamiomie onramasaumo MY B iteroM. B orevecrsenioit aureparype yeraxonmersi eautitie 060- sHavelita anteiHux pasmepos MariuTonposonos MY, noxasawnie Ha pic. 1.1, Boe ocraabine pasMeps o6pa- aylorea 13 STHX Ga30BHX; HanpiMep, BEICOTa H TomuIRA KaryuleK Gepyrea KaK WacTh BHICOTHI It LIMIpHHB OKHa, B KO- TOpOM pachowOKeHt KaTyuIKH. Bowee Toro, pce auHelitte paamepit OMY o6uyHo paccmarpipaiores KaK Oeapaamep- Hie B sHaveHiax oTHocuTeAbHO Uluprnst OcHoBHoro MarHi- Tonposona x=cla, y= bla, z= ha. (1.19) K coxanenmio, niccaegonarenamn me npemmoxena ent naa opma ypannennii 11a reomerpnveckux Woxasate.tcit MY 1 npaxonurea sanuceiBarh mx aa KaxKTOl KOH- CTpY KUM, YO HeygoGHO AIA MHOrHX BOMpOcoR cpaBi- Tedlbioro aHaansa. B maHtloi paore maa reomerpan OMY Gyner nicnomb- sonaréca caleryloulad o6oOuleHHaA clcTeMa BupaKetnit: Ves Seles Ve= Sonkss Se = 2b; Sox = hey Lg =r (ma + nb +40); Le= 1 (m'a+q'e + ph); (1.20) Thy = AyPely (A +0); Th = Gey Le (a+0%). 1, Ecaw 3a Gasucuyio neavunny gan qunefinux pasme- pon NpHHATE ceweHNe OcHOBHOrO CepxeuINKa MarHnITO- nponoga S. = ab (ua stom cepmeunuKe waxomuren mep- Buuiaa oOMOTKa) H CuuTaTs, TO BEAK, b= Ky VE C= KeVSy = KV a=VSIK, (1.21) To ¢ yuetom (1.21) Bupaxenna B (1.20) npeo6pasyioren i aay Te:V. = S85 (1.22) Ve St Kyles (1.23) M1, = SoNele; (1.24) My = ScNuls, (1.25) 1 4 t mY | p oe a ha ee 2 x Puce, 1.1. Tunosse KoxeTpyxunu DMY (nayasto) fa fo io 0 (D ip a hy ? Puc; 1.1. Tnmossie xoucipyKunm PMY (okowvanne) Io == (m']Ky + q’Ke + pKn); I = r(m/Ky +nKy + qKe); Ne = 2(1/Ko + naKo/txe) Mas; (1.26) (1.27) (1.28)(Kit Ke); (1.29) Ks = hefab = KeKn = x2/y. (1.30), B cucremax (1.20)—(1.30) npuuaru oGosnayenua: Lo—yepeawennan nporm@xenHocTh MariiTonposona npit cevenin Se (cpeanas cutopaa annua); Lx—cpenuan nan- Ha BITKOB KaTytUlek; fc, [g—oTHocHTeabiBe sHauenia Le u La; Ne, Nq—otHocireapubie GespasmepHble sHavennia nesta Uo, Hx; me eso KaTyUIeK Ha aay; px — Ko3p- guuuent spexrupvoctn tenacoTbona oT KaTyleK. Tlapamerp qx umeer sHavenna: 1—xKorga Tens10 orpo- AUTCH TOABKO OT HaPyAKHBIX MORepxOcTell KaTyuleK (CM. puc. Ll, a, @ 9c), u 2 — Korga KaTyUIKa Oxs1aiKaeTcA CO Beex cropott, (eM. pic. 1.1, 0, e) Baoaom RonommTedbiteix Katalon oxaaKmeHIA sHaye- une pq MOKHO yeeamunBats BA>1 pas. Koodxpmunenrs. Ng We My TAKE UMEIOT ACKPETHBE sHaveHTIA: fg—MOKasuBaeT, BO CKOTbKO pad UIpHHa MarHHTO- Mposoa BHYTpH KaTyillkn Godbile Hapymuoh ero acti Hanpumep, aan xowerpyxuni na pic. Ll, a, 0, € ta=2 juin ocTaMbRBIX KoHCTpyKuIf Ha piic. 1.1 me = 1} fy — weno ‘acreli MarnitrompoBona BayTp KaTyWKH, pagsenenHoe Ha fig (408 KotteTpykunf Ha pie, 1.1, 0, @ tty = 5). Bespasmepiwe Kospduunerro r, r’, m, m', 9, 4%, 2, P nasonem KOHCTpyKTHBHBIMT, TAK KAK SHaveHHA HX 3aBLCAT or Kowerpykrnpitoro ncnoaHenna =OMY. laa tunopsix xoncrpyxumi OMY c atewtowiemn maranronposoxaMn Ha puc. 1.1 adayenna KoxcrpyxTHBHEXx xKoshpunmenToB reo- Merprit npunegents p Taal. 1.1. Veranopiry sHavenna s7iix Kosipunnentos AA Kark- not ns Konerpyxuni OMY werpyawo. Caenyer 3anncat KOHKpeTibe BBIpAKeHNA AIA OGBeMOB MariliTonpoBORA 1 KaTylleK, 3aTeM conocTaBlirh ux ¢ oGoOuteHuBIaH dopmy- alanitt us cuctemst (1.20) Vx = ch r(ma-+ nb + qc); (1.31) Ve.= abr’ (m'a + q’c-|- ph). (1.32) Hanpusep, aan 6pouesoro @MY ua pie. 1.1, 6 Synem uMerb Vu = hive (24420 + ae) = he-nynd (a+ b + 2nn)2), (1.33) 14 rhe Ny = hy|h, = Cxfes (1.34) v Soe 2 2 +264) wan(Fabern). (1.35) Conocrapana (1.31) m (1.33), (1.32) 1 (1.35), nony- waeM: . = Qn, m 1a r=, mM =x, f= Tipn nosuom sanoaxennn oxna ny = 1, me = 1, ¥T0 6ui- Baer peaxo. Kax npapiao, CBY ®MY' uxewor an ays Wero OXTAXKACHIA HeNOAHOe SanoaNeHNe OKHAa MarHnTONpO- Boga KaTyUwKn, MpH 9TOM M2209, ee (0,8-> 0,4) : i. Ta6auua 11 Konerpyktupitie Koagypuunenrst ana deppomaruuruux yerpoiiera (puc. 1.1) rinens| m | on Tagine} rf | om |g | p | ne Cea} 11 a2 2 aff 1 1 2 o 2 Toit ccna a aeernefA eee dae. Oe) dD Bical sleeeio eee eee at cee qa: aeenee Tea age ese /a ee rou 6 8 Tee aie a2 1 Taal we 8 Vepeeele ened ts ete chaste Decca iui 1S pfs /d ne eset 2a(tix) 1 1 m2 x 14 geal Hepeako 8 nocsenyiounx pasaenax Gyayr Berpevatben Beamunupr Ven Ny [cm. petpaxenna (1.28), (1.29)]. Oxn Npegcranawor co6oii otHocirenbible nepuMerpsl ceyeunit Topepxnocrel oxraKreHHA cepredKOR Ht KATYUIeK cooT- bereTBeHHo,B saksoyenne ormerim, 470 BetHunHBL Ve, Vy, Tes Mes le, yy Ne ti Nos Xapaxrepiayiouue noKasaresu reomerprit OMY, nmetor B ocHoBHOM cMBICsOBy!O Harpyaky 1 CHOWT aylorea Aaa noayueHnua KOHeULX BEparenui onTmMrtsa- UNH, conepraULIX NOKaaTeI OTHOCITeABUBX Her HDX pasuepon x, y, zu K, Konewaa mea reomerpiueckoli Onrumusauin OMY saxmouserca B tox, vroOw waiiTn sHa- uewua x, y, 2, Ke it Se, oGecnewnpaiomue manMer OGnexs, Bec wt crouMocrb yerpolicraa Na enMUNUy Mom: wocTit. 1.4, TaorHocrs Toka H BaHAIOUIMe Ha Hee napamerpy Yeu Gompure naotkocte ToKa B o6MorKax MY, tex Goapulyio MouiocTs Gyayt uMeTs aH ycrpoficTpa Ha emtt- nuny oOvema. K coxa.tenmo, x18 naotHocTH Toxa cymtecT- Bylor peadibubie orpaninuenits, onpeneaseMble AonycTitMBiNH AKTIBHBIMG MOTePAMI MOULKOCEH APs. Tlorepn axtisiofi mousocrn » O6MorKax orpaxuun- BalTcA B OCHOBHOM TpeMs (haxTopaMtt: jlonycrHMBIM nepe- TPeBOM KATYWEK Tj, HOTEPAN HaNPHKEHIA B AKTHBHOW Comporupnein OGMOTOK H ONTHMATbHLIM KosdubiMeHTON noaesioro meficrot. Kaxkaomy 2 nepeuncaesueix bakropos 6yayt coorner- crionatb xpnrepint: a) Ain nonycriMoro neperpesa oGMorox —em. (1.18a) tie = AP y/o; (1.36) 6) ans nonycriMoro najeHua HanpsiKennA B axTIBHOM conporustennin o6MoTox Ada AP lI (1.37) B) quia o6ecnevenna sanannoro KIL. ay= Lot SPY) (1.38) ” Pxcos¢ Pema (1.36)—(1.38) ornocureaso j c yyerom (1.13), (1.23) 1 (1.25), toaysiins j. Nata RS V ae (1.39) lt = = 2B etox | (1.49) j Au, Sf —ee (4) V sari 16 {xPooso dy 2s e Pos ¢ ane (1.42) (1 + v)PatoxK Sele Tlocxomxy ccvenne ocuopioro arnnronponoaa OMY onttiosHamHo onpereanserca piipaxennem (1.11), Bupare- nua (1.39), (141), (1.42) mpeo6pasyiorea x cteayioumM KoWteunbiM popmam: (1.43) (1.44) rae Miu (1.45) 8 : ney (2) (MBN, PIK., (1.46) rae z Min = Anxcose (1 + ¥) pxttone (147) B puparenuax (1.43), (1.44), (1.46) nce snavenna Bean B Mpanofi YacTH MoryT GxITh MpeaBapnremEHO yeraxonnens (0 anavenusx By cm. p 1.5). Hp onramasa- Win THX BENNY, HANPHMep TeomerpilvecKnx, mpmBenen- HM BEIPAKEHUA jIA MIOTHOCTH TOKA BKMOYAIOTCA B cIt- cremy ypabHenni Munmtnisauiin saqanHoro ynenbHo-3Ko- nommeckoro noxasarena (cm. pagal, 2.3) Ormeriim, 470 mpunerenme Tpit BEIpaXeRiin ATA jony CTHMBIX SHAYEHU MIOTHOCTH TOKa HeCOBMECTUMBL 1 yA0L- JerBOpAlOT . coRepIIeHHO pasHEIM mM poTMBopeNiTaEiM Ay? Apyry KpiTepuas, BuOxpare H3 HUX AR ¥eCaTeROBa- wil 1 pacteron cteayer TO BHparxeHne, KOTOpoe cooTBeT- crayer raHomy Kpiitepiio mpoextuponanus OMY. Ina APYPHX TOrAa MOTYT CHY:KITh KAK KOHTPO.AHLC. TIporupopespocre dopwyn (1.43), (1.44) 1 (1.46) one: anja ns mx cTpyxrypsl. Jake B moxorKHX no hopae Bipa- xennax (144) n (1.46) neeraa jq>ju, Tak Kak Myx X(4410)Mjy, B o6onx 13 stHXx BEPaxKentit no oTHOUIe- um & (1.43) HaGmogaetea o6parHoe BanANe MouLHOcTI 4H sHauTemHO Yeusenoe BANAHHe MHAyKUNM M YacToTDt Aas CBY OMY raanniim orpannvennes onpuyaay- Horo npoexriponanus apaetes gonyetumeit neperpes, [lo- 7STOMY B AadbHefiuiem HamM Gyaer HenocB30BaTECA BbIpaxKe- nme (1.43) c Kottponem mpi HeoOxognmocTi napamerpon Ada 1 1 m0 opmynam (1.37) 1 (1.38). 1.5. PaGovaa muayKuus H cnocoda ee BuipaxkeHna Yoeanyerne Makcnmanpioit pa6ovelt- nnayxunn MY pH Moctomuicrse ocramsiux mapamerpon seerna yoentvt- BaeT momocTe yerpolictaa [cM. Bupaxenne (1.6)] 1 Tem camnM yayuulaer yAenbio-sKoMoMM¥ecKHe —nOKagaTest. Onuaxo Aa WHAyKuNN, KAaK M Aan MAOTHOCTH TOKa, cy- lecrByioT orpaniuents, Ectecrnetibim orpanmuennem ANA YBeANMCHHA NHAYKUNN TBAReTCH cROlicTAO 3meKTpO- TeXHMYECKHX crasieii HachMaTbes, Nocne ero MHAYKUNA nourn ue mensercs. Jin CBY OMY s10 orpariiyeane HaGawogaercn B peAKHX cay¥aRX, Vale, Bcero 3mech pabo- va IMLAYKIUA stauHTeabHO MIDE UMAKUIN HacemNeNLT, OGpuHO nHAyKWNO orpannuBaiT BEnAy HeoOxorNMocTH oGecneunpar, sajaniyio Temnepatypy teperpena 113-3a Morepb B Cras, HHOra — saanaetii TOK HaMarHnunpanna, Bagannnlil Koahuunett nonesHoro geiicTBua, TakxKe BO MHOTOM S3aBUCAMLe oT NoTepp B cra. Bee tpn HasBaH- HuX-KPHTepla AIK Orpaliventa naayKuN OMY seasiorca MpOTHBOpeuBbIMH Apyr-Apyry H MPUXoANTca nan BeIOupaTb KoMmpoMiccHoe arm HX silaveNNe uMAyKUNH, IM Name cero ANH 13 KpHTepHeDs OcTaRAATH UelTparDttEIM, a oC Taarpite — uposepousiinan. Orpannuenne ungyKunn No TOKY NaMarnuunpanns cBoit- CTBEHHO, HaNpiMep, BLICOKONOTeHUMATHLIM Tpalciopma- TOpam, NuTaloMM yeTpolicraa popMupoBannsA sxextpocTa- THYeckKHX nose (9MeKTPOHHO-ny4eBHe TpyOKH, 93.1eKTpOH- Hble MYUIKH, Ma3MOTPOHH H Ap.). 3Aech BOSMOAHE ABA cayuas: MarnwTonponoaH NMeIOT HeNariuTiEe sasopEt Bios <0,9 iol « Wi/8; (1.48) MarHHTONpoBoALK 6e3 aa3opon, KpuBad HAaMarHiuneannisa anlpokcimupyeres n0/11HOMOM TpeTBeli cTenent By © KH! Ve0, 10 Tpit 370M h—-0o, TAK KAK Cy/ty—=const, ¥TO yBentunBaer Le u Ve a0 00. Hao6opor, munumyéy Le coorsercrsyer Iix=Cx it @+0, ¥T0 MpHReAeT K boo, TAK KaK ab—=const, a aro tact Vi-roo. Xapaxrep Kpupoix waMenenAa oGbeMoB OMY npn nepemesitx coornomenuax bfa whic noxasan Ha puc, 2.2, a, 6. StH Kpupsie crpoatca no (2.2) m narana- Ho heMoHetpHpyior Haste MuHMMyMa Guero oGpema akTHBHBIX Mareptaaon MY, qocturaemoro mp onpese- seunbx snauenmax Ly Le w 7eM caMMM— mpH onpenener- Hx sHaveniax h, ¢, a, b. Haxoxnenne | o6aacta sHauenuti a, b, h, c, coornercr- Byloweil HaNAyYUMM yLenbHO-SKOHOMMMECKHM NoKasaTeTAM 26 OMY, apanerca sanaveli ux reomerpHueckoit ontumiaantnt. Balada sta cnowkian um He Orpanwunpaetcea ynomaHyTbIM pute caysaen onrummsanin Ly 1 Le, HockomBky Ha yeab~ no-9KoHOMiCHecKHe NoKagareaH PMY cymecrBeHHo BansOT coortomenia ceveititt S/S, = K., novepxioctn oxsiazkte- hill KaTYUIEK nt cepxeUuTUKOB Tox, Moc, a Take apyrie «pakTopEt, y i .2, Banaue coornomennt pasmepos ®MY tia o6y- ura ero s1emetiron Hanpumep, ecau y OMY wa puc. 2.1, e, rae Sire: See 0,25, ymentpuntrs cexenie maritronponogza B 2 pasa Ht BO cTompKo aKe YBeANYHTS ceeHNe KATYWIKi!, “TO Lact HeHOA- neine MY wa puc. 2.1, a¢ np Seo Sem—=1, TO Np He- UaMeHHEEX npousBeAeHAAX Syxe+ See=Sim+ Sore NoayaiM Vce= 80 Vo, Vee==320 Vo, Ve=400, Vaew == 160,Vo, Vew=144 Vo, Vx=304. Takum o6pasow, Ve: Va>1,3. TIpu aaapuefimes ype- anuenu coorHoulelia Sy/S~ o6vem GyneT yoenlsuBatEcA. 3uecs roxe npu P=const ymeunuenne Sy Bcerna mpHBo- aur K ypeauuenmo Seu Ve, a ymenwiienue So—k yBeat uenino Sy u, Vy. Onpenenentre coorromenna Sy 1 Se o6ec- Neynpaior MuNHMatbHOe 3HaveHHe eyMMapHoro OOxema axtupaix matepuaaon MY. Hanee 6yner noKasatio, ¥70 BeansuHa Ky—=Sy/Se ABAA- ere ucxonuiol mp ontumuzauun OMY. Hemasopaxkiyio poab B reoMerpH¥eckoit onrumusauNH ®MyY umeior nopepxiocTH oxAaxKaeHMA cepaeyHUKOB karymek. Yem Coase 97M noBepxHocTH MpH TOM 2Ke 06 eMe, Tem yUIe OXaarkseHMe, NTO MOsBOAAeT YBeAMIMBATH NaoTHocTs ToKA AIA KATYWeK, HUAYKUMIO AA CepAeUHMKOB 7 Pu,H YacTOTY Aa muTatoULero HanpsoKeHuS. Boe 970 nopMa- er mouHocts PMY, 1 ecant ee yBeniueitne focrurnyro B Gompmeh mepe, vem yresiventi Vy | Ve, 10 VSI ycrpoli- cra yaysmatores. Hanpumep, @MY na pac, 2.1, a uMmeer Goan oGbem, vem OMY" na pric. 2.1, 6, Ho sa cuer Comsmet nopepxHocrn oxaaKAeHIA 3iech” MoryT GLIT oGecnevens ayeMMMe yAeMBHO-9KOHOMMIECKIe TOKAsATeAt, ecan pemarouum aBaaercn orpanmuenie no neperpeny. Yoemnuenne nowepxwocreli oxnaxksqewna TaKKe uMeeT cbon mpenenst, 32 Koropumn SIT deppomarantitnx yerpoficrs onsite yxyamaworcs, Tax, MY ua puc. 2.1, @ HMeet sHaunTessito Gompinyio inopepxHocrs oxaaanennA, yew ®MY ua pic. 2.1, a, Ho reomerpia cro npunoauT x ypemmuerim oOsenop Ve t Ve, .aioux VOT siawureab- Ho xyxe, uem y OMY wa puc. 2.1, a, 6. B ueaom jaa onpeserenu mapamerpos ontumaapeoti reoerpun OMY, oGecneunpaiomer waupsronuemune sKa- Nena YaetbHO-SKOHOMHUECKIX TioKagareselt, MpuxosutTer UMeTb Jeno ¢ ilecTbIO TeoMeTpHYecKHMH — BecAMUntaMH: 4, b, C, h~, Se, So, '70 Tpe6yer um Mepe6opa orpomttoro Yueaa BapHantos c nomoupio SBM, uaw nowcKa anaaurn- 4ecKHx mpemos. B i060 caywae reomerpieckan onti- musauus OMY gomKHa mpowosurecn Ha ceppestol mare- marieckofk octione, 2.2, Onpeneaenne reomerpnn ®MY meronom He3asucuMoi onTHMASaUHH Yaeabto-sKonommuecki noKazare1» mo wirpaxexnto (1.64) Bxmoyaer aa dynkunonastsHEX comHoxuTeTA Ma + 0, (2.3) oan 13 KoTopux My sapnent ot duaiuecknx neamuan i TeomeTpuyeckiix mapamerpos (wepes j 1 B.) Mo= KocP>/4] (MpjiBefis) 4, (2.4) Apyroit v—or coorHowenait reomerpitieckux pasmepow v mK nk, (= inky + 9K.) + : SE baKet Pky |. (25) ee (2.6) Kae oR ComHoxuTetb ¥ MOXHO MIHYMUSNPOBAaTE HesaBHCUMO or My # yeranionuTs mpi stom oGoOuteHHo ontHMisHpo- BaNIBE AIA BCEX BOSMOXKUBIX orpanuienui moKasaTeat reomerpitit Ky, Ke Kn Ks. Onpenetnemyto unit reower- pmo Wagonem Hes aBiHcn MOT. Hockoasxy gusiueckie neamunites nokasateas My we caszaiint ¢ TeoMerpHelt, a BXOMMUME B Hero sHaNeHIIR Be- aunt j 1B, waiaytea no coorbererByioutns bapaxeHAM, uanpmmtep, mo (1.58) m (1.59), (2.23) w (2.24) m apyrinst, yaurapaiowyim mocae ontasiaanin Ky, Ke Kn Kak Teo- MeTpINO, TAK It YCTaHOBAHHNE MIA NPOeKTHpOBANIA orpa- HIMeHus, TO 3aka¥a onTHMasLHOrO pacueta MY B wesoM yer peulena, Tipnem onpesenenna suavenn napamerpos reomerpus uepes MinuMiisaiuno 0 mo BEIparkeniio (2.5) Han HasBat meTOLoM HesapucnMoH ontumusanun OMY. Ou aaer yepenuenue nokasarem onrumansnol reomer- pia @MY aaa peex soaMoxnsx orpaiinvennii, Hmewrest Nacruple caysan MeToga c onTHMusaleH reomeTpint Aa Koukperimx orpanmuennit, Tp stom BosMorkHo HeKoTOpoe yayumenne VOI mpotne ux sudvennit 21a OMY c Hesabi cuioit reomerpucit. O TaKux papmaxtax GyaeT cKazaHo B paan, 2.3 1 24. Beanuimta v apanetea OespasmepHoit um MoxeT Gnite Haapana noKasaretem reomerpait. ECan yaeer, 410 Ky==ch/Se==Kn.+ Key (2.7) orkyna Ke == Kan, 1.4 Ki = Kel Ke, (2.8) To axe no BueMMeMy BHAy BUpaKenuA (2.5) o¥eBHAHO Haque MIHUMYMOB ATA U MO KadksOi m3 Mepemenmsx Ko Ki, Ko t Ko. 9ro Moswoamer umeTy, ciicreMy ypasxenni: 9 = Py Ket — (roKem + oe riKeg +4" (2.9) Ky =p —K, (rolg +9) Ki = ha noayuun oe (2.10) a ae oo = VK Moka + a) (2.11) 29Kwa rae Koo, Keo, Kio—OnTAMAnbHMe sHaveHus orgocuTe:y- wax pasmepos MY, oGecnewnBalowux MuHMMasesetl KO athunuent reomerpau v. Togerapant Ke=Keo, Kc==Keo, Kn== Kno 110 (2.10) — (2.12) 3 supaxenne (2.5), noayaum ypasnenue xpupoh v=f (K,), onpenenstomel pausine xa YOST onuoro us BOKHEHWUX jn ONTHMAsDHOO MpoeKTHpopanua OMY noxasareaa Ks==Sox/Se, [Vane (rok + ml a + V o( kee | : (2.13) Kpupsie no ppipaxenmo (2.13) snasioren nenpepus- UNM, HMeIOT O6s1acTS MHHUManbInIX sHavenit B oGunp- noit sone qan Ks w crpomtca B Buse cemelicrs uA Mapa- MeTpa ro, KoTOpsill MeHAeTcH B SHaMHTeETHHBIX Npenenax oT 5 00,1 (cm. annie Ta6a, 2.1 n KpuBue Na pyc. 23) 08 Gponepax OMY. p ka +9’), (2.12) v= 2r'K TaGauua 21 Kpunue 0=f(K.) aaa Gponenoro @MY (pnc. 1.1, ¢) ___Seanenun Ke 0 | Jor [os [os [oa | 06 | 08 | 1 | 14 | 18 | 24 i 1 05 121 104 97 “94 89 87 86 85 86 87 1 164 145 138 120 11,7 14,7 11.8 120 12,2 12,7 2 183 168 165 165 168 17,2 176 184 190 20 Bupaxenue (2.13) socrarowHo rowHo annpoxcumupy- eren Gosiee Mpoctoit dbopmyaoi va AV TR +a (2.14) rae : a0 (frag ) (2.15) A = 2r (Vmaro + V pq). (2.16) Ha puc. 2.3 nyxxrmpom noKasaim Kpiise, nocTpoen- nwe no (2.14), 4 cnazountimi ananamn —no (2.13). Hywesan Yactian npousroauan ana (214) gaer ToKs=a, oTKy Ha Keo = afro. (2.17) men ontimannante suasenna Ks 10 (2.17), nerpystio Hajiru coorserersytoutite eMy Keo, Keo t Kao 0 (2.10) — (2.12). OntHMacmnne coorxomenns pasmepos jin HesaBH- PWecKOrO NoKASaream v oF cooTHOUK suis ceveumit Ky=Sou/S® npw nesanuct- Molt reowerpnn OMY cumoit reomerpun tunopux ®MY na pyc. 1.1 ¢ Kouerpyx- THBKAMN Koxppuynerramn no Tabs, 1.1 npreepens 3 ra6a, 2.2. Tepeitra ot Ky, Ke u Ky K noKasaTeaasm oTHo- IITeAHO! TCOMeTPHH, NPHHATHM B TexHNGeCKOlt anTepa- ype (x, Y, 2), HECHOXHO, NOcKoMbKY MocTe cooTBeTcrBy10~ ux mpeo6pasonaunfi s (1.21) c yyerom (1.19) 6yaem Mer: yaks, uaa Ky Kk 2= Kyl, BK aVI KyaaV7 Ka Z| C8) He ocrawanaupascs Ha ux aaanse, nockoanKy of 6y- AeT caenaH B MOcaenyIouWAX pasqetax, oTMeTHM caenyio- Bllune oco6ennocrH HesapiciMmoi reomerpu MY, npucy- ue MpaKrHyeckn Beem Orpaniuertiras. TaGauua 22 Ontamaabuwe nokasaTean HesaBHcumoh reomerpHH Koncrpyxunl MY wa pwc, 1.1 mpw ro=t Tosauan a ee peer ae (ea ee selier feeb ed feet Kro Apel ieee fea tee Keo 05 055 055 08 08 065 08 12 Keo 07 06 06 17 1 Ito 14 F a Ofer Ogee Oo eth taaeetammaad deel acai! Yo Pioe one ee eee) Xo O72er0eo 085 cia teed: dade 2 2 oi 38 17 25 5 1. Tlapamerp Kyo octaerca HensMeHHDIM sta BceX sHa- yeuuii ro Koy = Via + mi pan. 2. C yaeanennert ro stasenta Kyo 1 Key B OnUHAKOROH Mepe yMeHbulaiorea il, HocKOaDKY Kin = Vaipro (aq 9), Ken = V0 air (09 F 9’). 3. Eca Keo==const, Toc usmenenvem Kyo o6paTHo MpoftopusionassHo sToMy Mapamerpy UsMeHAeTcA BemHUN- Ha Keo Keo = Keo + Kno- 4, Tlockonpky oGaactH MBHHMaRDILX stave KpuBsx v==f(K., ro) He MBamworen yaKuMH, To sitayerne Keo Heo6a- 3aTeAbHO OsHOgHAaNHO MORCYHTBIBATh HO (2.17). MoxHo puOupats Ke B npenenax Keomm Ke bee const, Nex const, fe = Kay Mi C yuerom (2.30) noayuaem Wage KEK gy Wagon = ROK, (2.31) Wee, = UKE". Coraacno (2.31) onrHMaabiaa reomerpua moBropaer He3aBHCHMY!O Jd B cay¥ae mpoektupowanna DMY no 3akamHOMy Meperpeny CepleuiHKOR u Saqanmbim noTepAM HanpaxKeHHs, MOCKOABKY Pz,u const. Tp oGecnevenun sagannoro KILL, napamerphi uesapucumoit reomerpun cae- ‘yer Koppexruponarb, yMenbmaa Kno ¢ seOombuluM iamenesiem coortiomentia ceventil Kw, Tak Kak yp K,Ko25. B caywaax, Korma pH mpoekrupowanun PMY NpIXORUTeH YuRTBIBATS Meperpen KATYUIEK T, NOKAgATeMIt He3aplicHMol TeOMeTPHH MeHsoTCH, B OCHOBHOM, NyTeM yoeanuenus Kno. B weaom onpeneneune Koopaunar munumyma TeomeT- piueckoro MoKagarena Uc yueToM cocrapanlotell tp Oc- NOKAeTCA, H He BO BCEX CAYWARX NPHEM YacTHsIX Mpows- Bogistx pemaer Ty sanayy. Tora MpHXxoaurca BBOAUTE Orpanuuenua Mam Momb3OBaTECA rpacoataauriueckKHMH npuemamst, Asropasm paspaGorava fia TaKHX caywaes Meroanka, Gasupyioulaica a KoppexTupoBxe npesbapi- yeabHo WalieHNX ONTHMaADHbIX MapaMeTpoB Hesapitcit- moi reomerpun ®MY. Octopubie To10xkeHI 3TOi MeTO- stiri eaientyouie. I: Bupaxenue mokasareaa reomerpit Aus safanHx orpanuvennit npoextapyemoro ®MY v, 2 (K+ 5h) ra (2.32) / sanctinaerca c yuerom KospAnunenros KoppeKrponkn Kh, Kt, Ke, Ke: = Ky (2.30) const, Wi 350 8 0 Kru = Kno*Khs Kei = KeoKes Koi = Kooks Ker = Kook Ss (2.33) Tne Kno, Keo, Kooy Keo—ontTHmaabutie sHayeHua noKasaTe- sie H€3aBHCHMoi TeoMeTpHH, UPHHATHIe 3a GasucHLie. Hanpumep, aan cayyaa mpoextupopanun MY c orpa- wuuenusimu No 3azanvomy neperpeay KaTywex u cepsey- uuKop, npeo6pasya (2.32) c ysetom (2.29a), moayyum iM ee “(Ko KoeK be + be) Ko = TOK (m/Ky + Ky + GKe) + m'/Ky + 9'Ke + Ky (Ko! + Kottaltta) (Kn + Ko) Kel : 2.34 Tlepenogum (2.34) B oTHocuTenbiy1 opmy samen } ToKooKS (M|K yok’ + 2K yoK9 + GK ook) + ety — mK yok + 9 KK? + pK Kn [CK PKE-K poi, 104) (KygKe + KegKe Kook (2.35) THE Vor — SHAYEHHA MOKasavean reoMerpHH no (2.35), noxcautanine npw Kj= Ko = K2=K? = 1, O6parnm BumaHHe, TO anecb ana BeaMUNH Ke, Ky K, cyulectyet o6aaaTéabiian BsaNMocaAab, ONpexeaneman ToxKecTaaMH KS = KeK2, Ky = KnoKey- 2. Tlo purpaxeniio a vt = f (Ki, Ki, K2, K2), (2.36) B Hawem mpuMtepe ono uMeer Bux byHKum (2.35), erpo- ATCA KPHBbIC: 2 : . 7 os op =f. (K8) op Ko = Ke = Kt = 1; ve = fa (Ke) npu K2 = Ke=1, KR=1/K% (2.37) Vi = fa (Ka) apn K? = Ki =1, K? = 1/K%. Ecreersenttio, ro pce napamerpui — K; Ap. AomKIts Guite mpenbapmeemnee watine, Ko» Keo to 36 3. B oGaacTaX MHNuMyMoB KpHBUX NO (2.37) BEGH- parca YAOBeTBOPAIOMLHTE NpoeKTHPOBMIKA Ko3dd>uut. eHTM gad KOppeKTHpoBKM GascHHx Beausun Kn, Ker. Ki, Ki 4 Onpegeasiorca moKasarea HCKOMOR OnTH- MaaAbHOR reomeTpHH Kn = KroKity Ker = KeoKer, Kou Ka = KoKaKkn. Ecan copa noctpoutb Kpuazie (2.37), Ho y2ke mpH 3a- mene Gaa0nux mapamerpos Kio, Keo, Kio, Ko Ha Koss Ket, Katy Kei, T0 BC@ HX MHHUMYMBI GystyT OMSK K 3Haye- imam v2 al. Tponenouerpupyem rpahoataautiueckyio ontususa- uMio WapaMeTpoB TeOMeTPHH AAA GpoHeRoro TpavedopMa- ropa Ha pu. 1.1, 6. To ta6q, i. yerawanaunaem sHaieHHa KoNcTpyKTHB- HBIX NoKasaTesed: KiKi, Onpegeasem ‘cornacuo (2.17) (2.10)—(2.12) ontu- Manbuble ToKasaTenH HesaBHcHMOf reoMeTpHH AAR sHaye- Hii 7, COOTBETCTRYIOULX YCJORHAM MBHMMNBaNHH (JUS Npumepa puGpano sHavene ro=1, cooTReTeTayIOWee MH THMHSaTHH OGBEMHBX TOKasaTeael) , Keo=0,7120,7; Kno=1,3521,4; Keo=0,5320,5; Ko=1,4521,4. Cocranasem puipaxenue xosdrpumHenta reomerpai c TepemewHUIMH B OTHOCHTEABHBIX eAUAHWAX cornacHO (2.35) 2K3 (0,5/K3 + Kb + 0,55K¢) + = EAMG + K2 + 2,8Kh 2 ((0,26/K3 + K3) (2,8KR-+ Ke) KS] Haxogum aHauene vp, nO (2.38) np = K=Ki=Ki=Ki=1 _2(0,5 + 140,55) + 1141428 _ 9 og, 2[(0,26 + 1) (2,8 + 1)]"* ae Paszeasem » (2.38) nepemeHiie 219 KpHBEX B OnHOit Maockocrs, To ects Hoayuaem rpynny yHKunit Tuna (2.37): 37 (2.38) e. 0+ Dor:npn Ki =K,=Ke= 1 oka UK T4256, Pe (1/KE + 8,8K9)"* np Ki = Ki =1, Kr= IK? Pe Tele Carta (0,36K? +- 1/K2)% Vor Ki=1, K?=1/Kh 205+14KR+ KR. (2,8Kh + 1/K3)95 KR = Ke = VG Uo = (2,7K9" + BAKE KIM 4 Kg 2258 (2.42) Tlo puiparennam (2.39) — (2.42) .39) — (2.42) crponten Kpupse (cM. TaGs. 2.3 n pwc. 24) © nowouueso KoTopHX nponswosNTen Heo6xoquMan KoppekTupoBKa mapamerpoB Kno, Keo, Kooy ae (2.39) (2.40) (2.41) pu Ke = Pue. 2.4. Kpnsite-v, UpM HesapicHmoh ontumaseiof reo- Merpuit Tonycrum, 4t0 no KpuBbiM Ha puc. 2.4 y Kh =2.5, Kin = 2, Ker v0.6. Toraa a Ko = 1,4-2,5 = 3, Ke: = 0,5-0,6 = 0, Km = 1,2: (2.43) 2 = 2,4; Ky = 0,7-1,2 = 0,84. 38 Tabanna 23 Pacer xpuabix aaa pyc. 24 K? 02 04 06 08 T1416 2 24 28 4 Oh ipo. 18/21 )7, 107, 1022; 082 2 080 | 0 0,83 0,84 2 182 114 1,06 101 1 1,01 101 1,03 1,05 1,08 1,16 of 199 12 If 104 1 0,96 0.95 0,94 0,95 0,96 1,02 v2 105 0,95 0,94 0,96 1 107 11 115 1,83 122 — Tlogcranonxa nanuux (243) 8 (2.38) naer 2 on = XK x 9,8 (0,08/K3 + Ke 4 0,13K2) +K2+9,3K%-+0,73/K> 4,4[(0,04K2 + K’) (9,3K2 + Ke) KS] (2.44) Ecau Teneps no pupaxxenmo (2.44) noctpowth wact- ne xpaae uv, =f(K? )» OHH MokasaHil Ha pic. 2.5, To MOJKHO YGenUTECH, TO KOPpeKTHPOBKa MapaMeTpoB Puc. 25. Kpupiie 0, nocae ontustusanin He 2aBHCHMO reoNerpUN To YoaoBHAM saRATHO- ro neperpesa HesapvcnMol reoMeTpHH B CTOPOHY HX ONTHMH3ALHH Ls cayuan mpoextaposaitia PMY no AonycTHMomy neperpe- py ynasace. SHavenua Ket, Kn Koi # Ks UpHBogat K 39YMEHDUNCHINO Uo, MpHYEM Yori=1,59 H MeHDINE- voe—=2,06 Ha 23%. Onucaniat Meroauka rpadoananutuueckol ontumusa- unt reomerpin MY nip ee weKoropoii rpomoagkoctn 1 Oreytersil BOsMoXHOcTH MaTemaTHuecKHX OBoOuLeHuTi HospouteT HaXogHTs YHPoMeHIA IA BEIpaKeru (2.32), OGeciexmatoutie mipuMeHuMocTs uneTO. aHalmTHIeCKIIX: Npuemos. ItuM MM BOCHOAbayeMcA mpi onTHMAgaWUN reo. METPHH CHLIOBBIX BHIcoKOVAcTOTHBEX OMY, 2.4. Onpeneaenne napamerpon ontumaabuoh reomerpun ®MY npu orpanwienuax no neperpesy Ontumiaauua reomerpan MY c oGecneuennem sanan- Horo Nleperpepa spaneten nanGorxee pacnpocrpaeHibim 1 CAUNCTSeHHO RePHLIM BapHaHTOM OMTAMHSALUH LIA TIpoeK- THPoBatNA BbICOKOVacToTHBIX PMY, o YeM AONOAHHTETDHO Gyner ckasaHo B pasa. 3.1. Ocymectaaaerca no Bupaxe- uind (2.34), oramuaiomemyea ot HccaexoBaloro BEpaRKe- Hi MoKasareaa v qua HesapHcHMol reomerpun 10 (2.13) ComMomuTeseM tpr,=, oO (2.29). Onpexeaurs onrumanbiise snauenum Kns, Key x Ker at (2.34) MoxHO anasuTHuecku, Npowegt npexwapurerio Koppextuponky Beanunnn Keo 3a cuer K § no Metoguxe pasy. 2.3, ut0 nact Kor SKK? (2.45) Popmysa 1a onpezerenusa Kf sunomutea u3 (2.35) pu Ke= Ki=K?=1 0 umeer sua 2 UKE KR +A, Ay v, eae (2.46) °CUREEREAY® | Ge rae Ay = GAG) Keo + PK o_, (2.47) [na (am + m'))5 Ay = (9m + m') n/n: ta. (2.48) Tipupapxmsanne « nym vactHoit mnponsBoqHot or (2.46) to K} naer 2 KG! — A,KS — 3K (1 — 1A.) + Ack —TAy (2.49) 40 Bes ocoGoro yulepGa AJR TOUHOCTH MOXHO TaKKe 3- mucat K? — A,Kp — 3(1 — 1/A,) =0, (2.50) orkyna K}<0,5A, + V095A7 + 3(1 — T/A,). (2.51) Jaa napecrimix KoucTpyKunit nonyyaem Kj: >1, mpm STOM B INPOKOH SoHE sHANCHITI Kor>Kyo BOAHUHHA de U3- Meiineren HesHaunreabHo, Kpome Toro, yseanuexue Kos MPHBOAHT K HeTexHOTorHuNEM sHaveHHAm y=K3« . To- STOMY Mp onTHMHgamIH MapameTpoa reoMerpin PMY ¢ 3aaHHbim meperpeBom caenyer siavenue Ky, onpenenars To (opmy.ne Kn =VY, (2.52) bbi6Hpaa BeAHYNKY y B Mpeerax WerecooBpasHuX:sHaue- xii IKno He HaOatozaerca. Tlosromy peanunuy Kn, TaKKe -cueqyeT BuOnpaTs B Sone sHauennit Kno c yueTom Tpe6opanni TexHoaorM4HocTH 4 Kouetpyxrupxocta MY, Korma 2,5<2<5, noavsyace, coracko, (2.18), bopmy.oit Kae = 2/99. (2.57) Tipeo6pasyem Teneps BupaxKenne (2.34) ¢ yuetom To- Fo, uro a _ _ Ko = Vy, Ke = #/VY, Kn = z/Vy, Ke HO Kn+KoeKy, TaK KaK Kn > Ke. Tloaysust 1, = Ac (Ast! Agx¥2--A;x-4), (2.58) 41 exlyrae As = q/+rozy! (m--ny); (2.59) As = qroz/y; (2.60) (261) Ac = 2yy(I-+tymalny). (2.62) Synxuna (2.57) umeer muiumym mpi x9 m vacTHan MpousBognan 0v,/Ox=0 naer 23 L xpe/BAg — Aj/3A, = 0, (2.63) orkyaa t, =(VA2-F 19A,-A; — A,)/6Ag. (2.64) O6aacts Munnmyma reomerpueckoro noKasaTean 0;(X) He ABAAeTCR y3KOi H ECTh BOSMOXHOCT BBIGHPATh x HE ORKOBHAYHO, KOppeKTupya ero B mpenerax (0,8—1,5) x0 6e3 3amerHoro YxyAUIeHHA yieAbHO-sKOHOMNUECKOTO TOKA~ aarean (cM. KpitBixe 0; Ha puc. 26 mn Gpouenoro OMY mpu y=2, z—=4). % 6 cre a | | x ‘ ” os 42 ie ae Puc. 2.6. Kpissie sapichMocrn reomer- Pilieexoro moxasavean 0 ot napauter~ pa x=c/a npM oniusanti m0. yeao- BUIO OGecneveNHs MaxcuManbHo ony cTHMoro Meperpepa semeHtos OMY Oponenoro Henonuenux wa pic, 1.1, @ Tip Heo6xomumoct# Beanuiiy reomerpHteckoro noKa- sareaa x MONHO BSATS BCerRa Gombe, ec: Tpe6YeT aoro TEXHONOTHR, BHNOHAR annapat c HeMOTHBM 3arlomMeHHeM oxna, Ho nonuepKHem, 70 ONeHb BaXKHBM na pacueron OMY noxasarete coorkourenna ceuenmi Ky Hy%HO nos cuHTHBaTS ofHosHasHO 42 Ke = xozly. (2.65) B saxaroyexme 3ameTam, 470 mpaBHabiti pacuer MoKa- sareneit reomerpum MY, mpoekrapyembix Ha MaKcuMadtb~ HY MOMHOCTS IPH 3aqakHOM NoNycTiMOM TleperpeBe K2- TYWeK HH cepAetKOB, HMecT BaXKHOe sHAvEHHE AIA yyy uleNuA yaembHo-sKOHOMMMECKHX MoKasaTeneli, Tlo oriole 1No K flapaMerpam HesaBuciMoi reoMerpul B 3aBICHMOC- TH oT KONKpeTHuX yoroBHi ont MoryT Guth yayauenLt riourit B 2 pasa. 2.5. Ontumusauua reomerpan Toponnambubix MY Topongasone xoncrpyxuun OMY orauuaioren TeM, uro uMeIOT He eTUpe, a TPH AMHeDX pasMepa MarHHTO- nposoxa: a, b # c. Dro ynpouaer opmy.abt Ata reoMerpH- ueckoil onnimusauun. Puc. 2.7. Teomerpua topougamsusix OMY Coraacno o6osiauennam auuelinx pasmepoB ua puc. 2.7, umeem Le = (a+e)x; (2.66) b= Ba++ Sre—2arb+Fne ), (267) rae Ne = Cy/e0,2; (2.68) (2.69) 43Ve = Sele = Son(a+-c). (2.70) Conocrapaaa (1.31), (1.32) w (2.69), (2.70), sannures SHAYCHHS KOHCTPYKTHBHBIX KOSmHNHeHTOB: 2 r=Bne (1-1/2), ’=n. Oreyrerse y Topouganbubyx MY reomerpiuecxoii ReaNunHB! h MpHBORHT He TOADKO K 3HaeHHAM p=0, nO K Apyriim Bupaxennam ana Ke u Ny Meiicrsureasuo, nockombxy snecb m=n=n’ 7=1,p=0,9= (2.71) et Su="Z a The =e 4 =—= —; 2.72) noayuum = K, Ss. yy aes a ) Tye = #45 (0 $0) Lg = SelygyKer (: + +): (2.73) z Conocrasaaa (1.25) (2.72), moxHo sanucaTs a= uct (I41/3) Ko (2742) Yuntipas, ro y ropormasuux Kouerpyxnuft OMY x= 144 xepw25, noaysnn Nex 4qxKe. (2.746) Vrax, naa Toponmanpasx MY, ameem Bel a= 1 peo, Kem VR N,=4K,. (2.78) C yuerom (2.75) suiparxenna (2.5) m (2.34) noayuaior UM: ‘\+ re are): (2.76) Bu, ANA HesaBHCHMOi reomerpiit 1K = oe KT (Rha 9 Pe AAA ONTHMadDHOM reoMeTpHH pH sananHom neperpene 0; = 0/2 (1/Ko+-Ko) (2.77) 44 ®opmyia ontHmamHoro snayenna Keo HesaBiicnMoft TeoMerpHH ToponAasbHBIX yCTpoficTB, Nomyaeman Wa Yc- sopna dv/OK,=0, He oramvaerca oT noayeHHoi patie (2.10) aa8 xeroponnaabinix OMY ow Ku = (E+). nmr Ks | : Buipaxenne (2.76) c yuetom Ky = Ky « Ko = Vi 5 x KS5 npeo6pasyerca x BHay o=r-K; [2V/ar ami, Fm) ‘ +2 gr oK, + 9) (2.78) v Fa | a ‘ ee coe | ‘ het 4 i 2 = Ms a Puc, 2.8, Kpuuste reomerpitueckoro, no- Wasarean o- ‘Topomaaneiix OMY Tloncrapaan wncdenbe sHaveHua nocToRHHBx Ko9%)- murentos m=n=m'=q'=1, gX0,3, =x, noayynnt v= Ko [2V To (Karo +1) +0,34r0K, + 114]. (2.79) Kpnpise o(K) 0 (2.79) moxasaust xa pwc. 2.8. To HIM MOxKHO 3aMeTHTS, TO 450K (2.80) Sto >Ke MoATBepxmaeTcA uM YacTHOl! —MponsBogHO v/OK.=0. Teomerpua roponzansioro @MY, oSecnewparoman Hanayumme YOII npu saaunom meperpene, 6yzer oraH- NATRCA OT HesaBHCHMO Teomerpun AMINE BeAHUKHOK Kos, uTo oNeBHAKO H3_BbIpaxeHna (2.77). Ontumanbine sKa- senna Ke 3fech Gyayt onpexenstaca toxmecrBom (2.80), Hlockoaky napametp Ky He BanseT Ka YacTHyIO NponsBOR. nyio dvJOKe=0. Becre c tem ncerma Kox>Koo> 1. Daa npaxrnku, ecan ropoua He Ka6enbHoro ucHomHe- His, MOKHO PeKOMeHROBATS Yy=2~5, YTO MpN xopoUAx YACHDHO-SKOMOMMUECKHX MOKASATEMAX NO TeoMeTpHNECKIIM Tapamerpam OGecneuuBaer yROBAeTBOpHTeIbHEIC KOHCTPyK- THBUBIe OPM M TeXHOTOTHO HaroTOBAeHNA KaTyWeK H cepaewinkos. Ontumanbuse noKasatent reomerpun okia toponna HeTpyaHO yeranosuT; moanayacs dopmystamn (2.80), (2.71) 4 (2.18), nonyanm (2.81) Hanpumep, a8 cHAOBbIX HHBKOBOMBTILIX BEICOKOUAC- rorunx OMY c memHbimn oBMorKaMH, mpoexTupyeMmEX c rpeGopaiiiem MURKMHSauAH cTOMMocTH, HMeeM Ty=1-+-4, Xo=2,5+1. aa pecoxosomsTHbix ycrpoiiers suntnwam- Horo Beca MORET GIT ro=0,1+0,2; TorAa 4—=5-+3,5. Hemenenne napamerpa x oriocntenbiio x) B mpexerax 0,8+-1,4 mp HeHsMeHHBIX aHaNeNUsX Tr It Yo BAURET Ha YaeAbHO-9KOHOMHYECKHE MoKaaaTem DMY xesiaunTesbHo 2.6. @eppomarnurneie yerpoiicrea KaSenbuiore uenomienna eppomaruntupie yerpoiicrpa KaGeannoro ncn HMCIOT PAM OTAMNUTETBHBIX OCOBenHOCTelt: 1, Bunoausotea wa Maruutonposozax 3. Hepaspes- HBX CepACHHHKOR, WMeIOULUX Kpyrayio (KomBUeBYI) op- my. Takoe ucrosmenwe oGectteunsaer uM HamMenBiltyi0 nimny cpequelt ensionol amnmu, auMmenburee paccemine noToka 4 mpocrelityio Texuomormio usroToBAeHHa M3 HOHE 46 aentst, OtcyrcTBHe paspesa yMenbulaer norep B cram B 1,5—2 pasa. 2. BosMoxkHocts aGopa MarHHTONpOBORa H3 fe + Nw cepHeuinkos nosBonaeT OTHOCHTETBHO MpocTo oBecneun- Bab BLITAHYTHe ceueHHa Mpn aHavennax b/a=4+10. Ta: Koe HcHomeHe ypenunBaeT TlOBePXHOcTS oxaarKReHUA MarHNTONPOBOAa, 1 MOXKHO COSLABATS KOKCTPYKUNH, KOTRA MpakrHweckn Ha OOMOTKH HaMOTAH MaTHHTOMPOBOX B Bie mwoxectba Komen, Toayuaerca Kak Ob! OponnpoBanusitt KaGerb, To onpeer4o HasnaHHe —THTOMcTIOAMENA OMY —Ka6enpusii. Ecam marnutonposo, x oGMorKit Pre, 2.9. Bapwanre «xaGeapusix» MY MelOT Xopoumnit TepMOKONTAKT, WTO UOAMOZHO mpi nod NOM sanoaHeHin oKIIa W KauecTREMIO! SaqKBKE NONMAyH AaMH, TO OTAava Tella HET MpARTIVECKT Hepes HOBEPx- Hoctn Marautomposoga. 3zecb KaGeatbubie KorerpyKUuun ABIMOTCR MOMHO! —MpOTHBOMOTOAHOCTIO TopoMAA, Te Teno nepenaerca B OKpy2KaIoULyIO cpey tepes OOMOTKH. Peasnsyemst Takxe papualite, Korda oGecneumpaerca HeaapucuMmoe OxAaKAeHHE OBMOTOK 1 CePACHENKOB KA6eTb- Hux OMY, 47