What is the bibliographic

reference portion of an
WRITING THE
abstract?

 BODY OF THE
The first part of the abstract
ABSTRACT
pertains to bibliographic
reference.
Writing the proper abstract

 subject is authoritative
 The abstractor may modify
the author prepared abstract to
confirm with the accepted
standards.
What are the steps in writing
the body of the abstractor.

1. Read the document

2. Note down key information
3. Organize the key information
4. Follow standard abstract
format
What are the steps in writing
the body of the abstractor.

5. Check the draft abstract

6. Edit and polish the draft
7. Write the final abstract
What are the 5 components of
the body of the abstract?

1. Scope – 3% with 18 words

2. Objective - 7% with 42
words
3. Methodology – 15% with 90
words
What are the 5 components of
the body of the abstract?

4. Findings – 70% with 4220

words
5. Conclusion - 5% with 30
words
What are the do’s and don’ts in
writing the abstract proper?
 Use simple and short sentences
 Use abbreviations commonly
understood or easy intelligible
Example: kg, km, in,ft, cm, etc.
 do not include history
 Abbreviations and symbols to be used
should be defined the first they occur
in the abstract
Example: Less Develop country (LDC)
What are the do’s and don’ts in
writing the abstract proper?

 Abstract proper should be written in

one paragraph only.
example:
objectives…methodology….findings….c
onclusions.
 Do not use colloquial words.
Example: boob tubes for television ,
bread for money, etc.
What are the do’s and don’ts in
writing the abstract proper?

 Avoid verbosity and redundancy

Example: the phrase “has been found to

increase” can be shortened to a single
word “increased”or the phrase “blue in
color”can be shortened to one word
“blue”
What are the do’s and don’ts in
writing the abstract proper?

 Additional information such as tables,

figures, references, illustrations,
charts, and graphs should be included
at the end of the abstract proper and
enclosed in parenthesis.

Example: (4 tables; 6 figs.; 5 photos; 6

graphs)