Class Practice 1

Solution:

Class Practice 2 Calculating Ksp of a Slightly Soluble Solute from Its Solubility

A handbook lists the aqueous solubility of AgOCN as 7 mg/100 mL

at 20 °C. What is the Ksp of AgOCN at 20 °C?
FWof AgOCN = 149.9 g/mol
Solution:
First calculate the solubility of silver cyanate, s, as a molarity.
Then use the solubility equation to (1) relate the concentrations of the
ions and (2) write the Ksp expression.

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 Class Practice 3 Calculating the Solubility of a Slightly Soluble Solute from Its Ksp Value

The Ksp of Cu3(AsO4)2 at 25 °C is 7.6 ´ 10-36. What is the molar

solubility of Cu3(AsO4)2 in H2O at 25 °C?

Solution:
Use the solubility equilibrium to write the Ksp expression, which we then
solve to obtain the molar solubility, s, of Cu3(AsO4)2.

3-

3-

Common-ion Effect in Solubility Equilibria

Class Practice 4
Calculating the Solubility of a Slightly Soluble Solute in the Presence of a Common Ion

What is the molar solubility of PbI2 in 0.10 M Pb(NO3)2 (aq)?

[Hint: To which ion concentration should the solubility be related?]

Solution:
For PbI2, Ksp = [Pb2+][I-]2 = 7.1 ´ 10-9. The solubility equilibrium is the
basis of the calculation.

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 Class Practice 5: Applying the Criteria for Precipitation of a Slightly Soluble Solute

Three drops of 0.20 M KI are added to 100.0 mL of a 0.010 M

solution of AgNO3. Will a precipitate of silver iodide form? Given
Ksp of AgI at 25 °C = 8.5 ´ 10-17.

Solution:
First determine [I-] as altered by dilution. Then calculate Qsp and
compare it with Ksp.

100.2 mL

∵ Qsp > Ksp, precipitation of AgI should occur.

Class Practice 6 Assessing the Completeness of a Precipitation Reaction

A typical Ca2+ concentration in seawater is 0.010 M. Will the

precipitation of Ca(OH)2 be complete from a seawater sample in
which [OH-] is maintained at 0.040 M? Given Ksp of Ca(OH)2 at 25 °C
= 5.5 ´ 10-6.
Solution:
First we find the maximum [Ca2+] that can coexist with [OH-] = 0.040 M.

For precipitation to be considered complete, [Ca2+] should be less

than 0.1% of its original value. 3.4 ´ 10-3 M is 34% of 0.010 M and
therefore precipitation of Ca(OH)2 is not complete under these
conditions.
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 Class Practice 7 Separating Ions by Fractional Precipitation

AgNO3(aq) is slowly added to a solution with [Cl-] = 0.115 M and

[Br-] = 0.264 M . What percent of the Br- remains unprecipitated at
the point at which AgCl(s) begins to precipitate?
Given that Ksp of AgCl = 1.8 ´ 10-10 and Ksp of AgBr = 5.0 ´ 10-13.

Solution:
Let us first determine [Ag+] when AgCl(s) just begins to precipitate. At
this point, Qsp and Ksp are equal.

Next, determine the maximum [Br-] that can coexist with this [Ag+].

Class Practice 7 (Con’t)

The remaining bromide ion has precipitated as AgBr(s) with the

addition of AgNO3 (aq).

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 Class Practice 8

Should Mg(OH)2(s) precipitate from a solution that is 0.010 M MgCl2(aq)

and also 0.10 M NaCH3COO? [Hint: What equilibrium expression
establishes [OH-] in the solution?]
Ksp [Mg(OH)2] = 1.8 ´ 10-11; Ka [CH3COOH] = 1.8 ´ 10-5; Kb [CH3COO-] = 5.6 ´ 10-10

Solution:
First determine [OH-] resulting from the hydrolysis of acetate ion.

Class Practice 8 (Con’t)

Now determine the value of the ion product in this solution and compare
it with the value of Ksp for Mg(OH)2.

∵ Qsp < Ksp, this solution is unsaturated and precipitation of

Mg(OH)2(s) will not occur.

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 Class Practice 9
What minimum [NH4+] must be present to prevent precipitation of
Mn(OH)2(s) from a solution that is 0.0050 M MnCl2 and 0.025 M NH3?
Ksp [Mn(OH)2] = 1.9 ´ 10-13; pKb [NH3] = 4.74

Solution:
First determine [OH-] , and then the pH necessary to prevent the
precipitation of Mn(OH)2.

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Class Practice 9 (Con’t)

We will use this pH in the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation to determine
[NH4+].

Or

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 Class Practice 10
Determining Whether a Precipitate Will Form in a Solution Containing Complex Ions

Will AgCl(s) precipitate from 1.50 L of a solution that is 0.100 M AgNO3

and 0.225 M NH3 if 1.00 mL of 3.50 M NaCl is added? Given that Kf of
[Ag(NH3)2]+ = 1.6 ´ 107.

[Hint: What are [Ag+] and [Cl-] immediately after the addition of the 1.00
mL of 3.50 M NaCl? Take into account the dilution of the NaCl(aq), but
assume the total volume remains at 1.50 L.]

Solution:
We first determine [Ag+] in a solution that is 0.100 M Ag+(aq) (from AgNO3 )
and 0.225 M NH3(aq). Because of the large value of Kf = 1.6 ´ 107, we start
by having the reagents form as much complex ion as possible, and approach
equilibrium from this point.

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Class Practice 10 (Con’t)

Finally we compare Qsp with Ksp to determine if precipitation of AgCl(s)

will occur.

Because Qsp > Ksp, precipitation of AgCl(s) should occur.

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 Class Practice 11

Given that Kf of [Ag(NH3)2]+ = 1.6 ´ 107 and Ksp of AgCl = 1.8 ´ 10-10.

[Hint]

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Class Practice 11 (Con’t)

Solution:

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 Class Practice 12

Given that Kf of [Ag(NH3)2]+ = 1.6 ´ 107.

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Class Practice 12 (Con’t)

Solution:

Or

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 Class Practice 12 (Con’t)

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Class Practice 13

Suppose 0.100 mol of AgNO3 is dissolved in 1.00 L of a 1.00 M NH3 (aq).

Calculate the concentrations of Ag+ and [Ag(NH3)]+ ions present at
equilibrium.

Given the following:

(step 1) Ag+(aq) + NH3 (aq) ⇌ Ag(NH3)+ (aq) [ Ag(NH3)+]
= = 2.1 × 10
Ag+ [NH3]

(step 2) Ag(NH3)+(aq) + NH3(aq) ⇌ Ag(NH3)2+ (aq) [ Ag(NH3)2+]

=
Ag(NH3)+ [NH3]
= 8.2 × 10
Solution:
Assuming the formation of the complex is complete, then assume a small
change occurs in the reverse direction (i.e. dissociation of the complex). First,
use step 2 to work out [Ag(NH3)+] (i.e. using the equilibrium of step 2 to set
up an ICE table and then with the K2 expression, [Ag(NH3)+] can be solved.
Then, use step 1 to determine [Ag+] with the use of [Ag(NH3)+] which has
been solved in the previous part. 20
 Class Practice 13 (Con’t)

Suppose most of the Ag+ is present as Ag(NH3)2+. Then [Ag(NH3)2+] 0 =

0.100 M and [NH3]0 = 0.80 M.
Let y mol L-1 of Ag(NH3)2+ dissociates at equilibrium:

We can then calculate the concentration of free Ag+ ions as follows:

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Class Practice 14 Separating Metal Ions by Selective Precipitation of Metal Sulfides

Show that Ag2S(s) (Kspa = 6 ´ 10-30) should precipitate and that FeS(s) (Kspa =
6 ´ 102) should not precipitate from a solution that is 0.010 M Ag+ and 0.020 M
Fe2+, under the same conditions as in Example 18-14.
Solution:
First, determine the value of Qspa in each case, with [H2S] = 0.10 M and
[H3O+] = 0.30 M.

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 Class Practice 15

Both Cu2+ and Ag+ are present in the same aqueous solution. Explain
which of the following reagents would work best in separating these ions,
precipitating one and leaving the other in solution:
(NH4)2CO3(aq), HNO3(aq), H2S(aq), HCl(aq), NH3(aq), or NaOH(aq).

Solution:
• (NH4)2CO3(aq), H2S(aq), and NaOH (aq) do not work because
both ions would precipitate.
• HNO3(aq) and NH3(aq) do not work because neither ion would
precipitate.
• HCl(aq) works because CuCl2 is soluble in water but AgCl is not.

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