TABLE 8.2 | TYPES OF FAULTS Allochthon. Autachthon Contractional fault Décollement Detachment fault Dip-sip fault Extensional fault Normal fautt Oblique-slip faut Overtheust Fault Par-autochthonous Revorce fault Scissors fault ‘Strike-slip faut Transfer fault ‘Transform fault ‘The thrust sheet above a detachment isthe allachthon {meaning that itis composed of allochthoncus tock; ie, rock that has moved substantially from its place of origin). The footwall below a detachment isthe autochthon; itis composed of cutachthonaus rack, or rock ‘that is sul ints place of orig ‘A contractional faults one whose displacement racuks in shortening ofthe layers thatthe fault cue, rogardless ofthe orientation ofthe fault with respect to horizontal. ‘Tho French word for detachment. ‘This torm is used for faults that initiate as a horizontal or subhorizantal surface along which the hanging wall sheet of rock moved relotive to the feotwall. An older term “overthrust’is 2 regional detachment fault on which there has been a thrust sense of movement, Same detachments are list, and on some detachments, regional nonmal-sense displacement cecus. The slip dtection on adip-slip fault is approximately parallel wo the dip ofthe fault (Le, has a rake ‘betwoen -80° and 90°). ‘An extensional fault is one whose displacement results in extension ofthe layers that the fault cuts, regardless ofthe orientation of the fault with respect to horizontal. ‘Anormal fault isa dip lip fault on which the hanging wall has slipped down rolative to the footwak ‘The slip direction on an oblique-slip fault hasa rake that is not parallel tothe strike or dip of, the fault In the fel, Fav witha sip direction between ~10° and ~80" are generally called oblique-sip. This i an older term that you may find in older papers on faults, but is ne longer used much today, ‘The term is used for thrust faults of regional extent. In this context, “tegional extent” means that the thrust sheet has an aree measured in tens to hundreds of square km, andthe amount of sia ‘on the fault is measuredin km or tens of km. Taday such faults are generally called regional detachments. | fault bleck has only moved a small cistance from its original postion, the sheet is par- ‘autochthonous iteraly, olativaly in place). ‘Arovorse foul isa dip-sip fault on which tho hanging wall has sipped up relative tothe footwall, Onascissors fault, the amount of sip changes along stike so that the hanging. wall lock rotates ‘round an axis that is perpendicular to the fault surface (Figure 8.4), ‘The slip ditection on a strike-slip faults approximately parallel tothe faut strike (Le, the fine tepresenting slip direction has a rake [pitch] inthe fault plane of less than ~10"]. trike-lip faults ‘ate generally steeply dipping co vertical. transfer fault accommodates the relative mation between blocks of rock that move hecaure of ‘the dicplacemont on other Faults. In the preferred sense, transform faults are plate Boundaries at which lithosphere is neither created nor destroyed. In a general sense, 2 transform fault links two other faults and accommodates the relative motion between the blocks of rock that move because ofthe displacement on the ather two faults, Howover, we reserve the term teansfer foul Fr this general ‘typo of cisplacoment, independant of sale.