Waste Water by Dye Pollution

 What is waste water?

Waste water is polluted form of water which is
generated by human activities such as industrial
sewage, domestic sewage.
Here we are discussing all about the industrial
waste by which water is polluted.
 What is dye?
Dye is a natural or synthetic substance which is
used to colouring the textiles, paper, leather and
other materials.
 Types of dye:
Dyes are classified according to their solubility
and chemical properties.
1. Acid dyes - It is water soluble anionic dyes that
are applied to fibers such as silk, wool, nylon.
Examples: Acid red 88, Alizarine pure blue B
2. Basic dyes - It is water soluble cationic dyes that
are mainly applied to acrylic fibers and also used
for some wool and silk.
3. Direct dyes - It is normally carried out in a
neutral or slightly alkaline dye bath or at near
 boiling point by the addition of either sodium
chloride or sodium sulphate.
4. Mordant dyes - It requires a mordant which
improves the fatness of the dye against water,
light and perspiration.
5. Vat dyes - Vat dyes are insoluble in water and
incapable of dying fibers directly so by reduction in
alkaline liquor produces the water soluble alkali
metal salt of the dye which is used for textile fiber.
It is also known as Leuco dye.

How does dye affect waste water?

Rapid industrialization in last few years has
increased discharge of pollutants into water and
environment. Industries release non treated waste
water in the environment which leads water and
soil pollution.
With the rapid development of industry, the
production of dye waste water has increased year
by year. According to a report, about 60,000 tons
of dyes are discharged into the environment in the
form of waste each year worldwide. Dye industry
is an important part in textile, light industry,
chemical industry and other fields. It contains
highly complex structures of benzene, its
 composition is complex, high concentration, high
color, difficult to biodegradable substances and
contains a variety of organics with biological
toxicity. Dyes exhibit highly solubility in water and
it is more difficult to be removed by conventional
procedure. When these dyes are discharge into
water reduces light penetration, effect the growth
of aquatic plants and impairing the performance of
algae.

Treatment:
The dye industrial waste water treatment is mainly
classified into three types:
1. Physical treatment
2. Chemical treatment
3. Biological treatment
1.Physical Treatment – It is conventional method of
treatment which is used from many years. Physical
method is often used as pretreatment method of dye
waste water to facilitate the recovery of dye molecules
from the waste water, reduce the content of salt and
metal ions.
Example: Adsorption method,