Some eoneepis & eroor signi ficant Pigure (digids 2301 f (sds) 4023 2 (6.455 Flbo 2 (Sas #0 2 (6.d's5 0. U 230 3s. d's Serentific form LF x0 7 . ¥ VAtfoo00 = Yale xp 22.37 mY 2 Dery x wh S\ea Ging pein € Porm vase Ib pod zee 9. UTI xp — fraction part nr ite ger EXponend part oa: trite the jiver huinber iv the Skating oi, (iernahae Lhe member S d-Peind form, : 3? 5 Vi 24.385 xp =e P2385 x ” 10 7 1 2) .09032 4b z 38 x 0 2) \a0000 z 0.12 4105 SUSE EEE EEE EEE F EE OEHEHEEDEDHDDADAGSA CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal24 ot > ts Rouen SS and chopping 2000 Pax Poo —-vounding Jo —» ¥2 4 600 J sds chop) gs %23000 46.4% normalize éach muimber then approtimate by reuniting off and chopping to 4 Sd’ “ 6 yo 23727) = 9.13774) X10 Aint heoppir Hound NS chopping 6 6 - 2324 yo «2329 x10 2 5 2) 0025435 x 10 2 ISV85 x Io reunding chopp irry 5 SN 5 -IS98 vp =3SA2 x10 Def 2 if The brue vdhte of son rebhing is X dnd Che appr erimated vélue % then the hue evvor is 3 beg xf lEsl chy 3 | ¢ thyelike tye evrer CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealReldlive (rdtional \ Awe erver addddd, velit ive error [Es] = fact f Absolute velalive brue error a, ™~ me etl | i] x won percet abs. = —~ — é4 7 = Rivet Bridye 2 = a Tre leng th 10.000 em e @ Approximate BAAN em ‘Find the abs. vivel and the bridge - > a ° > Reb a x2 Dem ke em > P| Fel e \x-®] 2 tem > y velutive Erue error: Jt] = |af J = JO-§ | 201 2 or ) 1d ) bridge, er ied ye 000 F 2 M444 JE al 2 | wooo -AMN) 2 bem léul \ r-2 2 \—— |_2 9.0001 2 0.0% loo0o “true error dnd velubive true error for hoth the CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealfew olf Xo and 1 ae tivo approrurabiong for gave qeardtity San s Yo The apprerarad oir Ervow if - wold faz ra “Xt new hi 24 ls] s )x -¥ | J) ove llive approximation eryor net old rew olf ee efi ei] 2 [xi x bo yf yew her precision aw accuracy mor _dceuvdey 5 rere reciSien CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal- 7 rr rer er ree saasasaagasasaszs PCC ise fo mreagure how mite the mecsaremeds and dpprexmeton, Clog lo each objer. Actuvacy bow much the meaguremend and dpprermabiens close fe the by & value. Taylor Polynomial Trinchien error Teylor ser'ieg Suv = fe oe Keo ky \ In pavticular if azo - 2 $___y ( Hadclaurin series \ Fuy< 2 Say x 20 “he Taylor’ Theorem + £ rl) rs La bd Men Puy 2 Peay + Flay (x-a) + flay (1-4) — Bias wea ns ~ 24 —h" + PUY G- aN i ee (nv) | = CamScanner 4 gz squealPrd = fas Ste, (yea) a ns Sa («-a)) pel nal al Pye FS) (ee reminder ( ( Tayly polynomial | ( _— t ~~ haly \ é Tf @ex, base value Flay a\= fur e fur hx Soak? + Pun he x fu 4 Pr 2\ 3} HS nal 7 where), # gk (na . nd eh + using taylor polynomial of 2” order, approyuate $ (AS where fuye va? use | 4s ahue yalee Xie) Xin 212 —> be Xiyy oh es OR . 7 oy Pua) 2 faye PQA + Fuss Guase FOr FOS (92) « Fu toss Saye oat > Saye? Soyy 2 Sah gay —o fe # Py 220k 42 —of ye 22 a PONE 24202) 4 22 (020 Fae 3.84 a CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal3.92952 (True vate END Atti or wa JE) \aarsse 84 | z -OSsi2 precend rélelive fiue evver lel - eaere 3.84 | xwot 2 AhGr 21 Fl. 2 PALER? ~ wg £5: Solve The above example by using polynerrial of order (3 , o o > Placed 2 Sey + Mar h of wirho r Fy b — 2) 7) : { Spom previous example J + Py ton 2) ; 3 —~3\ 2 3.84 4 6010-2 : beled a 4 3.84 + .08 2 3.42 . ld 9 ba me og [ [Prt ate fx mex 2 ROY ; ae Pv; : , p C4 Approximate cos (MHS using Laylor polynomial of order (3 , use Fh ae a bag value 2 , , Pus 2 cog x ie % , Hine We Xiay Xi noha ed 7 é 4 Pte Fond + Poh Pah? Poh ) CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealfuss cox —» Fit) e O5 Pye -gine 9 Stuy 2 - In % « , WS 2 -ese —> § (fay = -25 Suse finn £ (47 2VI/, 2 7 ely) #05 4 (Bye OP) 8 El otay = 2) 74 64: use bayby polynomial of J erin Lhrevgh 3F berms be approximate In? , take J ae a hase value 9 Sure Inx Kaye 2 Xj zl be Xin — MH 21 _ | tere - Porins 2 Foes - Ind 2 0 Tre vale GASI4 Er. 0.69914 -0 cl 2 bor 2.693) 2 herp —— —__— berm ‘a FiriaS 2 PUY + Poy b Fa 2 In x \In2 2 Intl + 4 Nifty 2 2 \nd2 = 3 Xx ete \ Goth =} | 2 OA 2 4h x “GA3N4 new old €a = jx aX" e\iee |e 100 4 je aps CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealno. of berm Approximate — \Et [vor \Eg|x wor | od 190 7% — 2 | 44.3% loo 7. 3 0.8 ae.b7% (02 If the bace valve equal O then taylor pelyromial z Maclarin poly, 2 Kk ree: K oak a a a 2) ecosxe S CN X. Feo 20 7k | . ve Ko aket ® 2) snxe & UY x tee bx, Ixlél ko ey 1x Keo eqs Approxrmabe e whing Kaclauvin erve, using ! Chrous) § derm. sh eoslax tx 4 mn Fl Oe tvtatabyd tb db \ term 4 terms = —e€2) CF \elad slo peeg é 2 bermg £ terms — e Pix) 22 ae i atel ah gl 6 ag 2 berms 2 2.708 a 226 CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallG6 Bad DABIZII... He 4 a,b ER seby 1 7 + 232323 2 28 + +0023 + 000024 geome vic GEV IES Ye .0] —> cenv Suémz A. 2 O27 2 22 \-r )- .o) an Roof of hon -hneav Cqudtion in one Variable . rot « Puy = WW 2 Puy - 445 20 CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealms + Apprommate ty veeb of — x 20120 by graphing -x : “x Bolzano Theorem : PF iy conlinevus on Lab] , Pay Fy 40 then theve exisls af ack CE (a bY such that #(c\ 20 Jota af 238! yh ol eas 22-52 OSSjy2)! wal y Ashe es 5 bly Breakt ing Aetheds— Jef Biseclion Xethed e-43 gppretimate the root of XaN-320 wn fia] Find 3 iferabions . ™ ™ ™ ” ~” ” ~” ” ” ” ° 2 ° o ° J » , p ) ) ) | feb Fu hades § ic condineous on [1,2] Puryear, Payer Fusfay 20 _ ss bheve isa yotin f2fo CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealst V ilerabion x, 21 » Xue 2 Puy 2 ol 1 Pte 2% fury Fous 0 nd 2 iberdtion = Xped ———> Fuses -s KaclS ——> Fal 2925 226 | Fy 2 - 0.43 <0 CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealrd 3° iteration. xyes 2S = > Puy 4? Xue V8 7 Ftuy 79 Kee U2GaS 2 NFS 2 xy 2 I8 va = \.38 Tolevance \E\ — thal Gs ee é: Ze ba Hows wrding jfevdbion we need. - Gd iteration €, 4 >=4 t— = a a b nf W” iterabion G < b=8 2 n® iteration €¢ £ bk - 2 Zé 2 - A ln b-a 2 in€ | Inlb-a) - Inde In€ ee Indb-a -Iné ZnIn2 n> Inlb-a) -Iné \nd CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal* wr The previoug @X. how wary iteration we need if the belerance € slo \ ? In 2-t = Inge > In 2 n> we. of iteration al leash 210 | False pesilion Kethed £ 6 confineoug on fob] Fy Fy <0 C fuse o- Paws = Flys 2 Ftv -2 io Xy - Xv Xe - XL Fixwy- funy = Xu ake “Fru > (xa - PUds 2 Xu Xe Feu) - Fry Xe e Xy - (ku 1 Fed Fore) - flan) | (aa Suu) | 2) xr av; Nea tue X47 Zo (an Faas CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall2 7 0 2x° Find the veok of Pye x -2 in LaF use false position methed and 3 ikeralions + VF iderad von xed — > Fuse! Xue kh — > Stuy 22 Xe Sa = Flew) CX - Xu) Fury - Fired tye 2- WV “1-2 Xp 2 9.93939 —> Por\ = - 0.22222 2 i berabion. - Xa = 1.33333 —> fuyy e --22222 Xuc 2 —> firey=2 Xre 2- 2{ 1.37333 -2) = \.3949 = 14 2.22292 -2 Sry 2 - 40400 3" ikerabion : = 1, ehh > Finy 2 - B00 Xue bh _—S Sau = a Yrs 2-204 2) = LAWS - 0,04 -2 ve F V4 [€z1 x jon = a 1-4K76 ( yor. 2 ON? 7% CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal 7Scarboreush Criteria den bs: (fx woyy correct bo at kash n $45 la < & slop ox , ‘ie ek: Approximate the rol of x2e , XE [o,1] by using Sale posi ion mebhod , give your angodér be he correc! te at lessh 3 5.d%s R-7 Eee (S xp \y 2 +05 % X-£ 20 » Suse x -2 S(o\e -\ Fis 0.63222 Soy SW <0 > Phere is exist aveed in lat) yt iteration a = X29 > Finny ect Xue |BB —> F (kay = «63212 Xpe \ - Ob3RN(O-NY 2.6129 B35 2NR\ Ot aV- 0.6324 SKN 2 0708] 1” iberakion kp 20 —> FuryeK Xy 2 S02 —» Sup 2. OPO 8S a 7 Fxkus FU) 40 - Xpe = 57218 v Vberubion xp ku FY Plea) te Flr) Ea \ oo} =i .6322 68% FOS = 2 oO -607 -\ .0%08) 5922) 100%, F.OFY 3, p SPAN N .0ORIA (heey CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealOpen Kebhols : Puneo , Xe simdial quess , conv. (yook Xe Xe Xe Xe ow veoe' wt divere nt Simple Fixed point . Su 20 , ¥ Xe guy Mey My WRN) Xe gly on. \ yoo} <\ 2 cony. - X -2X-3 20 a 2X2 K-32 ke ¥e3 2 oN Ry 28 : = “y\-3 xe? = X(x-2) 2-3 => x Kop Kin = : - sel x 2 Bx 43 X 2 /Rx 43 2 €x~ bo selve x°-2x -3 20 by Sirvople Fixed poind lake CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealEE EE SSS IIIT - Ex: use simple Fixed poink to find fre vert ef x-€ 20 . x Xge 2 2 0.6 — Oo \ 1 -3 2 - 0-6 2 2 N53 4 2 ONS) ex: golve yi -2x -3 20 using simp te Sised pl, use Xe X-3 , xX = 2 _ 7 x 24 pk el _Xg ec — =— —¥ — Xe 0 (initial ywess\ . Write the_eq.in form x2 é* —— — —— \ x : ole - via - a | .seeg28 oe >) cbarg0 -— to 256482 CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal4h Wetion -Raphion MeL pot | MM AAAAA — si tT (ier se) EX: use WMewten - Raghson method to Sind the rook of x =€° take Xe 20 a inikial guess “x x -é Saxy = Suye te ox Xigp = Mi - Mire \- EX: solve the eq. I-X22sinx by Newton - Raphson methed using Xo 20 as initial guess. Find 4 -iteralion 2 Sim + x -$ 20 fet Fuy= asiny +x -1 £ Wy = 2 cosx x\ Rad pay 3 ANE jiysd cos « Kiay =X; - @sinx 4 x AA Qos x +\ 0.3333 2 \0.3375 92 X, = 0 - 26mO0 40 -\ 3 | 9.339883 2 cog 41 4 | 0.337593 X) 2 0.3333 CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealox: use Helon -Raphson viechod Le find Lhe wool of x vlan 20 use Xa 20-5 asintial guess. " » » » » » Find $-deration gelne » , fuse xa ny , Ftyetad , x Xia = ® + x stny - , Ved 8 jeration ' 2 05 - OS +oS 5 0.564382 Va an 3) Secand Methed _ Scant Pee 2 Foie - Fmd Xia Xi Sus 2 Mec a Fay - Fx _ Kian = Xi Cote et = SON =) OOS Rit PUR ay Fe) 4, %e + initial guess (given ex: use secank wiebhod te find Uhe ret of x2e —, X20 ,X208 Sind 3 iteradion . CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealfixy 20 x -g* 7 20 oy Siu es ye aK ff - " eration. we Sa * - " Fux. - Susy Hem = Fis (ey =e) Puy - fax He OS - lo62 (yas) 2 assacnd (0-€ 3 - (05-25 nd erdbion (wm X05 xX, 2 OSSALNM Nye - fod (x eh 2 e.$g7o54 Soy 2 Fiys Auleipe vools and waetHipheity . woltipheidy = | 7 ' ( simople ml 41 7 meltiplerty 22 CamScanner .: gz squeal“77 yw ewww etgaa gi ge aN | / | LZ puellyy hicidy 2 3 a perry “ cs w - z ee : multipherty 2 4 Y +f the mali pherdy of the reef is ever then the cuvve Louches dhe k-axiy df this root. oF the mulligherdy of the rood it odd then the ewrve crovces the x-aris at thy rool. 64: Find tre mattipheity of ech vot of the diven function 4 2 2 1a funy z x 43K 4 9X 4K x ve ay 43xay 1d HY 4s EaIe\ 41 20 ixs i¢ a factor of yh 4 3x4 3x al synthetic Division uve xlea(t atx al) 2 x(a Cx axa 34 2X (xa hooN this funedion has lwe distinck reods a | al. namély 0, -\ 3 » ee mander x 42xal CamScanner ig2 squealThe multiphety of (a\ is 4. The multipherty of (AY y 3. 2 Py 2 vf og Buy? OU Lox AY The ae rralipherty of (o\ 2 The mraltipheity of (3) 2 x a a + The mutlbipheity of ais 2, gar zo Fory = (xe gtx\ flay2o Pus = (x-2¥ guy + B(x-a) guy Pleyeo P7UMy = Ux -a\t gins + Al xa) gins 4 2(x-a) 4) ak go Sav = 2 yay 20 " ee eel alm + (a\5 aro of Foxy and the nultiplicily of (a) is mr Eve 51.93.. iff a (n=l te fay co, Flay 20 ... fay zo but Ptay Zo CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal_Aoditied NVelon - Ra phson Aelhod Kare X= fenton — (ery — foes $0\ ex Use riodi Sved Merton - Raphsen methed fe evaluate the rook of —— Fuse = Sx" + 7-3 with initial quey ho 20. find 3 ilerthion und Find Ea where ib possible . Xu: initial geese Kia 2h FOR fod —_ —_— —— NY = FG SPS 2 Suye ¥ SX rs Moye 3x - x 4? _ fy 2 bx -0 Kin 2 k= (akon PS ( FSi Be oF) (20-104 4 PN C8 tha py 2) Sa- BY ~—— VS" jhewdbion x, 20 - (Pl -3) = 119526 i P --3}(-0 \ | % Ea D 0 = AN \ 10826 102% 2 0090S) \0 x*% . 3 \,00000238| 0.3 7 _ ° Ex Repeet the ahove ordmnple by asia4 Mew lon-Raphson we bhal CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallGeneral formula for Fin ding Lhe vooks of gear dratic equakion . © e ¢ AY aby +e - < Xe -b + fpr - tac € "ae < Xz aa (os ms ain 2 Fun 27 / fa oueb(nemyse * Trt < < 4 (Xe) = tuo ofA eee [8 < S a(x aN eb m4 20 : xorg a2¢ = + Jy? -4ec _ < < tq -Nge Ae < bs sign fac ‘ s tye Xq - 2E " ‘ CamScanner 4 lige Grguoallyou edn find a,b and € using * (ez tes ) he 2X - Ye So 2 Funy - Siar hye Xam SF Laz Sb | Che ahs, / ! hy the / i -—~_— ‘ eas ue Halley methed I Sind the veo of — Say 2 x - 13x -18 where 2 40, Me BG, Mae § Sind we iterations 1" bevebion = Xo 2 4S ——> Sir) z 20.825 xe bo § ——> PU Ss 2.875 we $ > Furys 48 deh ateye a(x-SYo a bUx-Sh 4 Cfuny 2 fy ee! Suny ec guy a> otha - Sh 443220, 235 (0. a -0.Sb 227.575 Sus eg CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallYz2 $- 2(48) = 3A46 BURG © V(bR2.aGY- 45489 CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallAnother gals 6 — Nyy 2 20.625 tee 45 Kye Gh > Pud2 82.875 Kye See SNe FP Sus - Fons ee Mieke eh fae fae FO XoXo Wye My- es 88 7 2% oe Se Fe Fo : a Ye hs § (-2.S\ + 49.75 - Kae Xa = 20 eg BATE b+ sign Wy? = $20 = ad - ~ = oe 2 jhewahion vee 8S —— > Say Me bo = A; CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallSelving Non-linear Sythe simple Fixed point Pug\ 20 =e Xe WY og %y sinitial quess 4 (iy) 20 =? Ye v(uy) = Kine 2 WK, g\— — fia = YOM iS - - EX: use. ine Sixed ‘point iaration bo dehermine the rook of ud, 4 2X + ky - B20 Vv (xy \—= yok Bxy?— $720 _ —Parewers ting Snale equation as — ke 42 S¥-39 take t021$ 4 23.8 _ y jx _ — a — oe gy 23.5 ke foo kg, > SP - WNR5) ky e RA PAEED = - - . on. a | 3 eK YES al ogee ’ SRS a 25) CamScanner 4 lige Grguoalla iteration. -— ky 2 2lPUG yg 2 28401822 a Xp z Sin (2.17944S( 2.821822 Xq 2 V.A4050 a =z (52-2. 36olsna fy fz = 2 Maan F(A.A42 50 _ Wega 3. O4AS FAL 3°! jlewation ileration — - = sei 2 = 3.0495 Ng e VA40S0 & dy £ Xz a flo - W940 Se\( 3.0495 721h — Xge 2.0204L _ _—— ef EA 2.045721 a 33 3 2.020485 4 Tre Vailch ¢ 2 2.4884 kee Z geet 7 L ged J CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall- System of linear bq vation . Intreduction > _ S Natrices Gzense™ : f 7] 7 9 As {Pot sl) is DAD) matrix > ee eee ee ee ? - - raw column > — p One 2p yp ep My 2 elements (entries 3 - 3 2 — _ 2— 2 2 2 CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeala, = him oR Gh. fan] 7 ty yp ne hg i Bongo Fam Bi) Tf nem then Ais cated square matrix else, ibis cefled ree one matrix. then Defi of A,B are hwo matrices of the sanre size | Bit a zhi Yisd ~ for all i ex: given. that + [ated 37 = r2 6 27 _L4 o 1 4 ay i find the vee of x and y 2D =f _; = 4 ie. 7 k+l eh >» X24 4g ye 72 CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealKinds of Mahrices ‘So: fe] = fai] sch that Hii =0 Yi, | Kes fe oof [oo » fey 24 IfA isa square matrix of nxn-dimensien then A if Called upper “heianguler matrix if aire Yi > j ‘fF Bid §£B ggg. @ ay a3 7 fai 4y, ~ dy; X ~ 23 fa~ ( Suceell A is denoted | = ) Tj2Te2 {1 6 o ef 3 |e 16 3 je @ Le 3 | 2 - a 9 def: As [2ij 7 is Pxre-redbrix ther the krangpose of = the awven matrix is A 2 fay] Wl, mx matrix. a 7 w ex: Find bhe trang pose of the awen matrix » 2 = Pay Ww Az | 2s -l rs 3 4 2x3- makrix “ AY 2 f2 3) ie ts __ 4 3x2 - mekrik a i‘ 2 CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal& 4) Bez + 8 Bef s 1 8 3x 3-mabrix o 2 7 ° dri vil BAB" = _ _ _ = 31 Az fra ? _ Ate [- 27 = 2 3 8 _ a 3 28 = [2B A | 28 | = L : _ os = ~ Az AS _ = Del. if A ig nxne matrix then Aig called tymmesric iF A‘zA —— - 7 = - — a _ Nove» Sore ang matrix —— _ — fat\t 2A. —— — “Operations on Aalrices a a - = af « we {i J Be Lis] are lwo nxm—-peadvices , CFF o cAz 2 fea J— —_——— — - 22 Asa fen Pay - - ex» Find if possible — ~ y Te 3 i? Aa f if 7 CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall[S-1o]--— fia be 74 4y (a4 + [3 o — — o Zs Lo a > ————= > Multiplication 3 , > ) > So L 934 Sti a7 _ 3 — pape 4 fap ) > > undefined (Gxt > ff ALi agin -mabrix 8 is Bae -pidlrix then g—Abs c_is defined where : m Zs) babe = i He ay hy 9 ex: Fa if ik possible. se ee fa cu | — _ > c Ce EL 2 a “Ab ie} Ps = 2x -a_+ Jxl_+ 3x -2 2x4 4AN? 4x7 Ox-2 4 Vth 45X20 ond 4 -lyD te Sx? fs suf Leu \ PTTETT EET TT EEL CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealad 2 4] vial -[-4 -6 44 13 X Lo +3 2-2 M8 “a7 aa “ho -N ad 3x2 . 3h fa of fra of Jnobe: ABA RIK 3 6 | an nr undefined L —? a3 Axi CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall> ——— ee a ayhe!! fe Ae PEs ee f 2% ex: Fiad the deterninante: — ___— walt 1 / = det AS 2 aS - UES — $3 7 26 _xAL 4 ] 2) ae 2 2 ISG - QYGS 2 = 14 5 3S Be fase sind Ir deb lB 2 cols cid = = $ind 600 =, — = 45 ir | = 6-620 _ - oe 2 - Mele: if det (A\ 20 then A hag no inverse ( gingular). _ oe (nen- invertible) . CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall2-3 - matrix bec] ex: find the deterrrinante of : EE wis | of “wp eh wn A] zN( 40 -2( 3-0) 21 (wa gh _ 7 = [, sit. +. |; hee iS deb (AN 2 (49 0( 544) 4 1(4 6) AS AA J 26 CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall> The Inverse of 2x2 Aalre (nes inverse) 7 re As fa Ef then Al exishif, deFUAY 4 0 and ed zt. f} “A bel(A) [-c @ ex. Find the inver(? of He giver roakrix , if ikexst a3 = fe > A exishs Fay fo] CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallSy stem of hinear Fquation Ay Xe ty dy tm * Sin ty = be Gy Xb day Xp tet Gn Ky = bp GX EAN 4 es 4 Ban kn 2 bin system of hnear oyuttion with n-unknowng (variable) end n-Cptdgg i The above syglem can be wriften using matrices ir tee ways \ - ST a, 4. ay x fh | 41 ay ay Xp c | Zim Ay =~ Bans Kn ait [e _ A = = 5 matrix” ___matriy mab fix of coefficients of unknowne of cong han} CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal eead X+y = 2x oh = 10 (, 4) , (0,5) infinite thelion 3) Xeys xayel has no Solution — _ | | OOS SHSISISISIIIS | | | | CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallW) Gauss -Sovdan Aethed Elementary row operdtion 1b Mulhi pling & reed by Non zere constant LU Inher changing dry pre rows iJ Halk pling a row by conskant and adding the resull to Anokher rew. Reduced Row échelon form ( RREF ) As called in the RREF if ws TS there are Zeros should be af the bolbom. 24 The first nen-zere element in each non-Zere row Shoutd be 1 (is cofed leading 1 \(pivo eS 35 For any tow rews Lhe kading \ of the lower should be be the right of the leading | of £42 hove row. every leading I (exceph it \ congisks of Zeros 4A The column i$ © @D and @ hold (nek 4\ then Ais called in row echelon form. CamScanner \ig2 squealex. Which of Lhe folloaing matrices in RREF ‘A TA) eo 0 2a f = = - oo MF ine oo 0. = as o 0 102 _ 0 0 o Le in row echelon forrr bel a0 6 0 not in RREF 34 or oo in row echelon form bub Oo o_o not in RREF 4) [1 0 0 \ \ | not in row echelon form _ fA: B] —> RREF ex: §elve by Gauss - Jovdan method X +4 -2 20 _ _ 2x +y+2aF —_ a X- y tz 22 _ 7 2x +4 22 az 4 CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal CARA AEEELELLELLLLIE Udaa) ‘ -\ -S o 2 \ toe ? 2 2 AR, pe Riy 4 o-t \ 2,2] -t Ris Ry 2 ay _ 6 VJ -7R, + Re ‘ ‘ “lo: o0 1 9 2 1 F > -Ra thy ~ fo 48-0 FIR, o 4 -2 3-7 | o 2 2 ) 2 “ eo 0 -# 1 | BR, aR, o -3 t 4 o 0 -4 , Wai} 7Ry +R, ~l/lo@ 2 , 479 [ o ot 7 2ReeR ot? 3-7 jo 1 o: 2] FPR 4Rp oo 8 1 3 -1 Rp ~/o 0 ! 3 | [- o -4 42 | 3 lo 0 0: ef 4Rp4Ry aft, 2229 unighl folybion ) ) , ; 7 7 : CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallExe Colve by Gaus, - Sordan Xp o4 Xp + Xz 4X4 24 2X - Xp + Xz = 2 IX, + Qxp aX, = 6 [ bon vy & 2 44 = 44 bz 2 6 1 1 6 fy rn en pba bp afm ef 3 tk eg fea eRa fo tc 7 2 | 6 f-Ree i veg -2 | -6 3-3 Re o 3-1 721-6) Rom I oe -2 =) : -2 [-Ry +h 4 0 -2 —e wfo 1 39 2} 6 ~fer\ 2 : —e [2 o @ 4 § 2 J3Ra48s Loo ' weed foe ,o @ ett Ss. o \ 0 Wi le DRa aR _ 0 8 1 Wh an -3Rz + Rg ee This cystem hag infinite Selubion yi x, 21 =, x) syx, 2 2 ‘ 7? ~«&, gollbion xe fa2-4te ~«& Xn riper e a7 reiR ; ; g-dr « yeh Xe 3 ~« CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal7 Yel => Xs [: | , Vso => [+ ji | | 3/7, eal lo ae) cs CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealeX. Solve by Gauss - Sortan method « 2X. + X24 UX3 = Ht Xy + Xp + X3 oO 3X 4 2X, 4 4Xp zt X, + 2X, = A — Sj jock a | RR, aR or aga {-R, rl) -3R+Rs “joe 1 oy fay Lo -y yy 5 AR + Ry. Le A 1u§ _ €enkradictron _ 4. No bolubien The system 6 incensisfent, = CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallGauss -éliminatisn rivethed 4 {A 1B] —> rew echelon form ( pivel need met be ') q eX». Golye _ a a 2X + 4aF = 4 x 24 = -l a JX 4 + AZ zh -( « ‘ Ea 1g f-2R, +R, ~Jo § 1.1.6 | 7} : aR oo Vit AR. + Re - < aZeb ofqel J fx if : - lee folilion Xz 4 f= | : X dy 2! eG? _ gil ; ( ( ext. find The valee or values if any that make the system. , oR ot Is ==. o3 2 14 - eo a | as azi & infinite gh. _ Aer 2 Wo gol/tion. | GQi-\ 20 2, 427) Ad), af! DUNG ge CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealexo Finding the inverse using Gauss - Jordan riethed Cars] —+ [rial 7 [o oo. itp ] Mo inverse ex. tse elementary ria operations Je find the invert of the | given malrix if st exacks . iJ Arfrif 701 frse ff 4 ite of r 3 1 | oN lz 1 /@ | f ys Ye fy win el | Pa -2R +R, ~ Los 13 asthe R, ds CamScanner 4 lige Grquoalliy fred fi tied la éfol o ot2I J -2R, 4Rp Bo hag ne inverse (SingelarS ( net invertible’ . Solving eq vatvor GL pestible’) when A is a square prafv Ix: ly Cramer's rele Atel 23 ax-y 2! Af FP CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal» > » > » > > > > » » ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) - } ) De del (ay I: \ yes 4 40 | Xe pe Dy | . | i 4 Y | Xe i4 3 | NX et 4 ‘ 4 = Dz Daz }) 3 V4 a s D zy ye 28 = 2 > )y s af J -4 / J | 244 Inverse prelhed AX: 3 » A hag inverg? > A'AXK z AvB Ik 2 A'R " xX : A B CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealex. By inversye r2ethed folve 14 y Ke J , a fe] : a: ls f iF abt _ AXzB —> X2A'B oo a Le Tf yi ~ ee zi i deh AN 2 = Lue Decomposition a (As square Nt Azlu OS oe Ax = 8B - LWx)= 3 [Usg fe =e fly < f@ CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal—_Doolitbe’s prethod _A => 2x2 A a wa [e uy Uy f lg 0 Uy [ — A= — OS je a cz oy \ oO. CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallEXxs Gal the LUe~ decomposition use. Doo littile’s Ae fs ce fo : o 82 _ 6 2.8 dnd hence, bo so\ve the linear system ca a 7 a — oS 3X, + GXn + Bre & - a = _ 6K, + 2p + 8Xz 2 26 —E fa oo Tf tty by lay yy. § ae Ig, 4 —0- S oO Ugg Uy3__ od A 7 — by 4 oa 33 — 8. a g2- 1. L a CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall—— — 7 |e a7 pM 2 Sf fay = 4} Sy Uy 20 —> Fly Fy 20 —> Jha ze / - ——__J hy + Ugg = 8 Coycgy 4 ly 2 8 ——> Jy af fy ly + Lazy 22 as (2S 4 ys 2 ie $y, 4, =6 . F hy c 6 => fiz 2 f - md + L39 Uy = 2 C55 + 2g 2-2 —> |0,, 5 ey Gar Lz + Loy U2, + 7 = 8 (2) (2) + TENE tse f_— —7 3 5 2 o 8 2 oe oo 6 - 7 AX 28 ia? LuUxz8 z Ly = B~@© z uUXey-@ CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall® » a . Ly=B ._ — e ey [| 7 a o | ° 4e e fe — sp i 2-14 4 126 ——_ Rtg 2] ta Jy 228 _ - Be ———/ 2a +7 +g, = 26 §5-7 7} pa - — SEER. —— 6x3 23 — fe] Bk, + 1X3 2-2 Oxo > WEN 2-72 <> Xa = ey 3X, + 5X2 + Xs = esr ener Ke Al — CamScanner 4 lige GrquoallAX = I ty “? LUX = vA V\ fo\e) Ly I ° 2 |} flo} €, ey 7 syd UX = Cy) & ext Use LU- decomposition fo find Hee inverse_of : A] 2p _ - fa UES ahh i a _ wey + a fe CamScanner 4 lige Grguoallfee i Ly és get UX =y »—§-* doy ) fre fs Te fo] £) 4 feds t ——S By 4 bq eb (A=") efife eal Wgare felts -Xa eh (02 e ) X, +3 X. 2° eee e2 OG 23) aff 4 24 Gaussia - method ex: Find Mee LU -decomposition using Gaitssid me thed | of : Ss = 4 | os CREPPP —_ cern a4 Sele eheb ai 1 wale > S + | a | mm, Mil Mas oe © la Messy | aPPerrer CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal34 Crouk’s method _ ae A 3x3 —_ “dn a hn la. Pa dy 0 0 1 Uy Us faz 253 dy Sap 0 ffo 1 Wag : &y | So ee — — — — ee — FO oo 7 — — — — _ = —— — — : = —_ — CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallEx: usm (lu Az {2 = 3 — / - | ae _ Aa, — Ly ~ Crouk_method fac lori ze - decompesibion -2 4 : “eS — | AJ A avAzlu ~ fe tye tf Poet f [tof a Ly. Uys “2. ss far Uy + ro x __ __(2 Yer Dag 2 =. D Q Uy 2 -2 — > = Jilin ly —--—_ — hay ga Bas = —E — (1 et + fgg cf CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall 0 0 AN Ug Ug 2. -2 4 £4, 0 o 1. 93 Bisco 6 i 2 249 oo 1 - Io) 2]Ly tb, 24 = As 24 o/s 29 ( Lo, ths a Ly. U3 = 5 =-— USELV4 0 tears § => fetyy 21) fs Ug + og tas + Les a7 uy + US + ts 22 joe 2 2 22 “f = 2. —+ As 2-4 | = _ \ 2 “ | 7 2 Ss vecial Mabvaces ry Tridiagonal Matrices. ( Thanazs method) CamScanner 4 lige Grguoallex. write the LU- decomposition of: | CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallYEy Symmetric Mabrix (A*s AY (Cheleckys method’ A_2xt > [% ° [fs an, | Gy, dau 0 8 | L — ae [t 3xj — bu o 5 Zu Sor ky So ayo —0_ £49 hyp b My Lay Noy O_.0___Bgz_ ts Lei | ( Cx: Use Che lecky melhed te Find the Let decomposition Az [4 2 1k fF c 2iF_-S Sqmmehvic a i. ho -5 a3 - ee : - _ _& lu eo 9 fun lar 85 4 2 14 [ @ Say hag 0 O__ faa tag Jo fg 7 -S/ @ Pay @3q yy Oo fy | {jh -5 s7) & sete — _ — : Usk er 4 ~& Rye 4 — [tue PD & CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealww ~ eee — ~ 2 tye VA =? (tae 2] “2 : = Oy + On = J? —, a ) \ + ty 2 1 —_—? [ee 4 ) . : 5 2 bis an A Lag Sop 2 - — mg NAPS 4 hy ee § > jay = -3 ge — sq hy tan ay 2 83 Ay EA Re AE ay = $) CamScanner 4 \ig2 squealLeast squares regression Trtroduchion: - ct kre did Chiat Sigrid nobation — — e _ » . 2 ‘WF fey eget) £ Fes & 2. gery ra n— n = Ay foc Suey eel fiey AL z @_2__({n-ma\ a_ a oe a} e Sry = ES, = fe fe “nh 4 PUN oe par bial _Deravative ee ye tay => ty, = fas, _ fun, i 2 varighle = — Fs gy 2X + ¢ —> Sun, ind variable DBE 8 Ri oe fy 7 | CamScanner 4 lige Grquoallv z WR UK * Xf+ 24 —- fur, in 3 varia) fe ~” WO To Ma ywrize or minimize F(x, gS or Pq, 2\ put > af -° 7 B20 om 2 _ dy 4 2 _ 3 “leash squace me} hed — re - et Shar gS oe Une ga — —— _ errr re : 4 - : a _ - - 4. = + AX +E; a _ _ G2 do + AX; Cie yy - Mo - aN Ci HF —— : Sca}ter diagram n oe i__ (wank fo minimize £ £2 So vel & (yaa =a KS ist ™ " 2 = 2 = 2 2 - ne ineae. reqreszien <2 2 =a e 4, - 4, -4, 5 x.7 25 isl ict ” rn nh > & di =P%- 42x; 20 - tar 2 A ° na -4, 5 Xie fy © n Es Ki [a, é 4i | = n nL a h t 2 (a, c Ho bX [a 7 i Xi di ate GZ, 2 NSe, Exyyil 2 nlag - (242 1) I; | nde - (Ex) tm IK G, = a +a,x - LK, ge Ebi n a CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall PPRmaaar_-(sp the following dake using leas! ¢4 wave reqvestion by @ line + eEX* $bbb66EbbEESE =f alata Tey 24 Ila J Le git — rons S , 2X, 2te 24, s 25 \ 2 yet +i ——= fe uf Tf] a, = er. : pax eUee) os aA a ie ra / S{ 20 -(ZoS 4- T ilercipk aa Ie SoBe = O% Slope —_ i zie : _ _ CamScanner 4 lige Grqucall-O.4 esa — CamScanner 4 Wor Gsquieallhineay regression 4.2 A+ Bs + @; nA + Bly, # Ey. AEy 48S K 2 Eng, Reh | QB - nex 4; HERE 4 ee eas Az g -Bi poke, 9 2 Ey Quadratic regression ( parzhola (x, 4S OG aS, ~ (Xn gah \., cys 4 ae CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall- dot AX +a Ye, 2 ( Yao =a) X a ON oo E Cs hey XO KN oe nad, +d, fx +a bye cr SS = £4, 0 2 -8@L ly -a, a,x, eat, ° =f L Xi4.- @ EK, -a bd, “4 EAT 2? Me Ex + ath rats =Ex4.-Q) 22S (4 Hae aX, a h\¥ afd x4; - a5 x, -aex - Ex, J O 3 k ‘ aT thn +t Gb ebuy 2 Ndp + G2, + 222% 2 -@ Ae EX; tale + Gy EK, F £085 | do 4 3 Ly, +t. a, 2X; +O, OX 2 CamScanner 4 lige Grud!n ty; Lx: de zy) svost tx lly Ly; ex. Ck a second order pelunomial to x and y Valeler / | | | ty EX Lx fds f2/b Ky; | | | in the following daba © Xi g. Kt ra KO ME gi ; “2-3 &# 8 oS “12 ! -t =f 1 -t _ 4 -4 ‘ \ | -3 2 ‘ \ 1 on I \ 6 2 S$ 4 g lo Ya 6 21 A gg 2 6 e ; « 4. = do + A,X; + 4,X, +; a ne : Nao + aby, - a, 5% a2 4; GoEX + M2 tare - EX gy; = aux 4 MEX 4 Qiao by 1 an t f Sata 4a - ) Aa + May tay 21g CamScanner 4 lige Grgueallsla + % +35 d,o2 GERD (42 8 Ge there] ' i = ) Ye FB eI & 1287 i 4 e, , ~ pex. In the above exampk Pind Ebe predictel! value of d > y where x22 and find the error, > — X= dz xX, | 1 pe GF 9882 + NBPS (AN 4 2287’) = 4, 7519 BD » - Es = 4. = 9, 2 $ - 4.4518 20.248) Cubic Fun. regression gS ee hn ae _ 2 3 = Zo + A,X; + A,X; 4 4,X; + Oh —Ndo +a lx + HEX 4 a,2% 2 Lyi - : : 7 ; Fo hx, + atx, +a dX + dz, & Xs eM gi CamScanner 4 bigo Grquoall FObKLEKHKHVYKOLEYCamScanner 4 Uigs Gs guaall— ” wv oo 2 vu Muligle Reqression (by leash cqdares methed\ ( plane z= AaBy + Cay He 2 ej ms Ms LC 8 -A-By, -cyN 2-28 (2, -A_ By, ~Cyi\ Bk 20 —> pArBS y+ CSy; 2&2; —GD Es -2E (2 -A-BK, -Cq x; sed ASX + BEX? eS yy 2d ye D> CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall2-28 (2 -A- BM -cy\ gy, iv c 620 ALY + Bing ser e 4; o of " m = iy Y ddddddd ex. GE the Go Ho wing data 5 gy linear e4qethion i, bw variables. Cplane — Oe ~~ 7 = A+ Bx; + £4; tej ” 7 = Sz 0. lo 8 ' o e 26 WB —— - ge A at gS SA 25 he 243.5 SK Me 2 @ nA+ 83x + CS g, = Fz | a ; MAL x; + BT y 26L yy, = 2X2) — | e— | ALY + BE ny, seh yg 2S 4, 2 > -—— = ~ eCn-£ SS ‘ oe —_— CamScanner 4 ign Ss gueall6A + 5 Be hes S4 5A + 7h.26B 4 h3c 2 2425 Ved gy 4IB + Chic a doe ie tL i = a — ~—— _ - ; ? L& ’ 4, % + a Une tn | = _ # YU, is ee — _ oo a Es a 2 Fy -Agv oo df 2.25 & (4-4 xb dA oS t Ger ae tue Xe = - CAR aay df 20 > Ae Sy*g i CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall C$SEbbBeamamanic lsat tt tiieag 2 25 (4 -de \ Ax, \inearizdbions ei! xX; BX é BX; a -A Sxe@ pe Ae nei Wiz Agr == ny: edn a Ings e tn / \heyi 2 Ind any BX Bx (Ae + A « $x: Ine 4 + BXi gek rc Whi The ind 4 Bx: ) CamScanner -: igo squealex, in the exponential form Bx: Yj, + Ae + Ei 2 x; | 1 7 \A4GA 4 3 2s 21NTB 4 4 gH BD “ s Do BL IA3S 25 \s — 6.8695 66 Coz $)—___ BX, Ae SF Ing, = InA + BX, Yio= In A+ BY n \nA4 BSxy 25 \nA EX + BS xX, evs Xi Yj By linearization Fit che data ef x, and y, QL.ALG 58.4604 IPPPPPPPEPPP PPP PPP PPP PTTEETITI III) CamScanner 4 lige Grqucall5 InA + Wb B= 6.3545 gddde G InA + $5 B= $8.A604 339 4-X-— — As 2 24b0% = PETE 8 — — -° — _ o_ 2 oO - — “CamScanner -. Wigr GsguiaallIn ler polation 2 Wh Aewtion riethed ——— — te £6 — Sebo [aa Fo S00 eh eb (xx) | Xe ee Autalrabic ( para bola, — Cpelynemial of a ovder\ — ——— ae 0 [—— f wy - Saye Pies >< S300 FO - a i io te XK Anti 2b be * babe ttn x) CamScanner 4 lige Grguoall @eoeoeosa@CamScanner 4 lige GrguoallCy» BUSS. (Ker OOS) , \in iY + 2 eee aye bee eS ' = 1 a eae De be edhe fs ) WSS 2 FS ad 5 Saye boa ben) Nhe Suse F (Xe) by (Xe Ae. VC hye SN - foes. OS — oY ye i 2 fly nfs fan foes Se Ela. J+ 0b = Fite | Divided _di Merence a ’ be i “t — =e ad. 2 S0GS- PU _ ke M oe ———————— m8 Patna 2 FS — $n —_-+--—— hin — — a i > a _ _. »>— Se ___3 _ _ CamScanner 4 lige Gsquoall= Efiget t= acu Oey | 2 : s | 2 * pw § (Xe Xs o%] =o My, Pore x]. - Pits | ee -Xy Pfs Xe XJ 2 C x5 x2] - B {Xp = Xf x 7 x = a — x Dea 3D. i fe, Haka HE = Ska, Xe Mad PUM oe — Xp = x pala infact sith ** order Cjineer inberpelation’ Ki A Mas] thi Le otf — ; Xo f E (xe — / & oes ii 7 _— 0” order __ a = 7 xi_{— fans oki] 81M, Mia Koa Xo (Hen Xe Sony tee) by ha fx CamScanner 4 Wg2 squeal! ewe aan ee i ee eat er ere ee eaeseeagnggeegeeit= 4 ~~ 3° order inke rpolébien a ; ~ X Ls fx,» 0] DSLR maw, KAS Dorn, . x Bex | A ia] - . : Kart if M) X Sas —f tes ‘| a+ Sty XJ fy, Xp XX, _X LOGS ; $e Xe ef . Aik 49 fe ; ; Ky fog\—} ° eX: Estimate Cp 2. using linear” inter polétion take Xo eh Xx, 2 4 and Lind €, Sa Says dink byes ) _____fUy= = _ Eh be + + by (te x) —§, = bets 9 = beefs 2 FUN 2O b= fon = fos = FUS- COs = phat? 2 ob —— —Ky-= Ko At Guys 0 + ome xt _ G aS 2 Ohba ae & 7 LBL krue value= \neo. 64314 eee dt OWL ao = . ROI CamScanner .: \ig2 squeal27 By quadratic interpolthion APP ro timate yo exe. take: , - Y,el Xe t, Xg 24 a Sixse Inx tis) 22 $y. be + by (Rex) by HLS (Ke HS S.0N2 bos bX NF be KINO XK - 4S fei ? Meek - oi, Kier Xi-a - % SOS Yosh [ps Oo L 0.46207 | X24 | 9862 1 0.05185 i= | O-2O28 Yo V.AAN8 ¢ a hx\ 2 Oy D.Ab2e (xe - 2.05196 (x= ( Y-48 \n _ p We (9:46207(2-1) - 0.05195 (2el\ (2 4S CamScanner 4 \ig2 squeal