221-2624 PEREZ, GERAM SAM A.

Activity No. 3

1. Explain the expanded data processing thru example.

-In the expanded data processing, data must be collected (origination) before it
can be input, and output must be distributed. The source document contains the
originated data, which could be as basic as an appointment booking form that you fill out.
The data from that document is then input and processed (and saved), and the result is
sent in the form of report documents, which might be as simple as a letter informing you
of your appointment time, with a copy retained on file with the source document. When
you arrive for your appointment, your report document becomes the source document,
which is then input and processed, with the output certifying your attendance. During the
appointment, new data is generated, which restarts the cycle.

2. EXPLORE the different parts of computers. Give at least five parts and explain how it
works.
1. PROCEDURES- are guidelines for how things should be done. These
are the stages involved in achieving a goal. A few rules may be
communicated through manuals or documents. Documentation refers to
manuals that contain processes and rules to be followed when utilizing
hardware or software.
2. Data- are regarded as raw materials (whether in paper, electronic, or
altogether different structures) processed by the computer.
Information- is data that has been structured or categorized and has
some meaningful values for the recipient. The processed data on which
judgments and actions are based is referred to as information.
3. Hardware- The term "computer hardware" refers to all of the physical
components of an analog or digital computer. Five Categories of
Hardware are:
Input Hardware- Any physical device that transmits data to a
computer and allows you to interact with and control it is
considered an input device. The keyboard and mouse are the
most often used or major input devices on a computer. Other
devices, though, can input data into a computer.
Processing and Memory Hardware- The processor and main
memory elements built into the computer system unit serve as
the computer's brain. The SYSTEM UNIT or SYSTEM
CABINET houses the electronic equipment known as the
CPU (Central Processing Unit), which performs the actual
processing, while the main memory provides support.
221-2624 PEREZ, GERAM SAM A.

Output Hardware- Any hardware device used to convey data

from a computer to another device or user is referred to as an
output device. Most output peripherals are designed for
human usage; thus, they accept processed data from the
computer and convert it to audio, video, or physical copies.
Monitors and projectors (video), headphones and speakers
(audio), and printers and plotters are common examples of
output devices (physical reproduction in the form of text or
graphics).
Secondary Storage Hardware- Any non-volatile storage
device, internal or external to the computer, is referred to as a
secondary storage device. It can be any storage device other
than primary storage that allows for long-term data
storage. An auxiliary storage device, backup storage device,
tier 2 storage, or external storage is another name for a
secondary storage device.
Communication Hardware- A communication device is a
piece of hardware that can send an analog or digital signal
over the phone, another communication link, or wirelessly. A
computer modem, which converts digital information from a
computer to an analog signal for transmission over a
telephone line, is a typical example of a communication
equipment. Similarly, a modem receives analog signals and
converts them to digital for computer processing. This is
known as modulation/demodulation, and it is from this
operation that the modem derives its name.
4. Software- A set of instructions, data, or programs used to run computers
and carry out specified activities is referred to as software. It is the inverse
of hardware, which describes a computer's physical components.
Software is a broad phrase that refers to apps, scripts, and programs that
execute on a device. It is the variable part of a computer, whereas
hardware is the invariable part.
Two major types of software:
❖ Application Software- A sort of computer program that performs a
specific personal, educational, or business function is known as
application software. Each program is intended to help end users
do a variety of tasks relating to productivity, creativity, or
communication.
There are two kinds of application software:
• Customized software is software that is designed specifically
for a certain client. Simply in case we need to hire a computer
programmer or software developer to design system software
for a certain customer.
221-2624 PEREZ, GERAM SAM A.

• Packaged software is a type of "off-the-shelf" program that is

made available to the public. Word processing and
spreadsheet programs are two examples.
❖ System Software- System software is a sort of computer program
that is used to run the hardware and application applications on a
computer. If we consider the computer system to be a layered
model, system software serves as the interface between
hardware and user applications. The most well-known example of
system software is the operating system.
The operating system (OS) controls all of the computer's software
and hardware. It manages files, memory, and processes, handles
input and output, and controls peripheral devices such as disk
drives and printers.
5. Communication- is the electronic transport of data/information from one
location to another of all six elements in a computer-and-communication
system. Communication is possibly the most active frontier at the
moment.