Types and Uses for Water

Heaters,
Basic Properties of Fluid
Tyrone Bonnit
Flow of a Building Plumbing Anabel Palayen

Systems Kenny Dave Galera

Jojo Gadil
Renalf Barbieto
Jay Villastiqui Jr.
Mark Dandreb Peralta
Five Different Types of Water Heater

 Conventional Storage Tank Water Heater

 Tankless Water Heater( On-Demand Water
Heater)
 Heat Pump Water Heater (hybrid water heater)
 Solar-Powered Water Heater
 Condensing Water Heater
Conventional Storage Tank Water Heater
This style of water heater features a tank that holds water to be heated.
This means that the capacity of the tank determines how much hot
water you have available at once. The tank is insulated so that when
the water heats up, it remains warm until it is needed.
This tank features two valves, the temperature control valve, and the
pressure control valve.
The temperature control valve opens to release heat and moderate
temperature when the water reaches over 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
The pressure release valve opens to lower the pressure when it
reaches about 150 psi. This is the most common type of water heater
among family homes, but you are limited to how much hot water you
can hold.
*If your tank is too small or you need an excessive amount of hot
water one day, you may run out and have to wait for the next tank
to be heated.
Tankless Water Heater ( On-Demand
Water Heater)
 As you can probably guess, has no tank. Instead, there
as super-heated coils that fill with water and heat water
in a flash as you need it, which is why it is alternatively
known as an on-demand water heater. This is great for
heating water quickly, even for large families who need
a large families who need a large amount of hot water at
once.
 This style of water heater comes in different sizes, and
you need to ensure that you have the right size for your
household, as a smaller tankless water heater will not be
able to keep up with your water usage otherwise and it
will result in lukewarm or cold water.
Heat Pump or Hybrid Water Heaters
This style of water heater id unique in
that is uses heat in the air and in the
ground to heater water. This means that
electricity is only used to move heat
from the ground or air to the water,
instead of the alternative where
electricity is used to generate heat. May
need quite a bit on room for this water
heater, sometimes up to eight feet of
vertical clearance.
This water heated hybrid can help save money
on electricity because it doesn’t directly
generate heat.
Solar-Powered Water Heater

 This style of water heater maybe the most

energy- efficient of them all and relies on
roof-mounted solar panels as its energy
source. The energy is transferred to a
closed loop system containing a heat-
conductive material which then heat the
water in the tank.

 A solar powered water heater allows you

to draw energy from the sun. this is a
great idea if you already have solar panels
or are considering adding them.
Condensing Water Heaters
This water heater uses your home’s
unused gas fumes to heat your
water.
The condensing water heater may be the
absolute best option if your family’s home
uses primarily natural gas as its energy
source. This type of water heater funnels
heated exhaust from the natural gas system
and uses it to heat the water, which is held
in a tank much like the conventional version
of the water heater.
Basic Properties of
Fluid Flow of a
Building Plumbing
Systems
What is a Fluid?
Isa substance that does not possess a
definite shape and easily yields to
external pressure. fluid is any liquid or
gas or any material that is unable to
withstand a shearing or tangential
force, when at rest.
Types of Fluids
 Ideal fluid
 Real fluid
 Newtonian fluid
 Non-Newtonian fluid
 Ideal plastic fluid
 Incompressible fluid
 Compressible fluid
Ideal fluid: It is a fluid that does not
have viscosity and cannot be compressed.
This type of fluid cannot exist practically.
Real fluid: All types of fluids that possess
viscosity are classified as real fluids.
Examples: Kerosene and castor oil.
Newtonian fluid: A real fluid that
abides by Newton’s law of viscosity is known
as a Newtonian fluid.
Example: Hydrogen and water
 Non-Newtonian fluid: Fluids that do not
abide by Newton’s law of viscosity are known as
Non-Newtonian fluid.
Example: Oobleck and flubber
 Ideal plastic fluid: If the shear stress is
directly proportional to the velocity gradient, and
if the value of shear stress is greater than the
resultant, it is referred to as ideal plastic fluid.
 Incompressible fluid: If a fluid’s density
does not vary with the application of force, it is
known as an incompressible fluid.
Example: The stream of water flowing at high
speed from a garden hose pipe.
Compressible fluid: If a fluid’s
density varies with the application of
force, it is called a compressible fluid.
Example: gas, vapour, and steam.
Properties of Fluids
P
R
O
The Main Properties of Fluids
P
E
R 1. Density 7. Specific Gravity
T
I 2. Viscosity 8. Surface Tension
E
S
3. Temperature 9. Vapour Pressure
O 4. Pressure 10. Capillarity
F
F 5. Specific Volume 11. Cavitation
L
U 6. Specific Weight
I
D
S
Density
Density is defined as the mass per
unit volume of a fluid. The
density of a substance varies as
per the volume of a substance.
The SI unit of density is kg.m-3.
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑
P=
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑
 Viscosity
 Viscosity determines the
amount of resistance
offered by the fluid to
shear stress. A fluid that
offers no resistance to
shear stress is called an
inviscid fluid.
 Effect of Temperature on Fluids
Temperature
 The degree of hotness or coldness of
the body is determined by the
temperature. The temperature of the
fluid is measured using Kelvin or
Celsius or Fahrenheit. According to the
International System of Units, the
Kelvin scale is used.
 Pressure
 The pressure of a fluid is the force
applied by it per unit area. Fluid
pressure takes place in two conditions:
open condition and closed condition. The
pressure at any given point of a static
fluid is called hydrostatic pressure.
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Pressure of the fluid=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
 Specific Volume
 Itis defined as the ratio of the volume of
the material to its mass. Specific volume is
the reciprocal of the density of the
material. Specific volume is inversely
proportional to density.

 The SI unit of specific volume is m3.kg-1.

 Specific Weight
 Thespecific weight (γ) of a fluid is defined as
the weight per unit volume. The SI unit of
specific weight is N/m3.

 Specific
weight is related to density as γ = ρg.
The specific weight of fluid varies with
temperature.
Specific Gravity
Itis the ratio of the specific
weight of the given fluid to the
specific weight of standard fluid.
Specific Gravity is also known as
relative density. It is represented
by the letter ‘S’ and has no unit.
 Surface Tension
 Itis the tendency of liquid surfaces to shrink
in minimum surface area. Surface tension is
caused by cohesive forces between the liquid
molecules.

 Note: Surface tension is the main reason for

most insects to float on the water despite
being denser than water.
Vapour Pressure
The vapour pressure of a liquid is
the equilibrium pressure of a
vapour above its liquid. The vapour
pressure of a liquid varies with
temperature. As the temperature
increases, the vapour pressure also
increases.
Cavitation
The process of cavitation
happens when bubbles or voids
form within a fluid. This
process takes place when the
pressure drops instantaneously
below the vapour pressure.
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