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Askep Hiper
Askep Hiper
DFBJ 8
KM ^RPR A\MSPA
KME 8 <>=>1<0<3
<. Btmdfdim
^bkyblal motbrus pa`a laym laru fajmr `apat lbr`mrm sbk`mrm ataupuk `apat
`msblaloak dfbj lblbrapa gaotdr. Sbcara iarms lbsar, motbrus kbdkatarue `apat
`mlaim 8
a. ^rd`uosm yaki lbrfblmjak Jaf mkm ebfblmjm obeaepuak laym
uktuo ebkibfuaroakkya, emsafkya pa`a jbedfmsms yaki ebkmkioat
pa`a mkodepatmlmfmtas \j, ALD, idfdkiak `araj famk, `bgmsmbksm I7^@,
pmruvat omkasb, pbr`arajak tbrtutup `ak sbpsms.
l. Iakiiuak `afae prdsbs uptaob `ak odkhuiasm jbpar Iakiiuak mkm `apat
`msblaloak dfbj meaturmtas jbpar, ourakikya sulstrat uktuo odkhuiasm lmfmr
ulmk, iakiiuak gukism jbpar, aomlat asm`dsms, jmpdosma `ak mkgbosm atau
tm`ao
tbr`apatkya bkzme ifuodrmkmf traksgbrasb(Smk`rde Crmiifbr-Kahhar). ^bkyblal
famk a`afaj `bgmsmbksm prdtbmk ] `afae jbpar yaki lbrpbrakak pbktmki
`afae uptaob lmfmrulmk ob sbf jbpar.
c. Iakiiuak trakspdrtasm Lmfmrulmk `afae `araj tbrmoat pa`a afluemk obeu`mak
`makiout ob jbpar. Moatak lmfmrulmk `bkiak afluemk mkm `apat `mpbkiarujm
dfbj dlat emsafkya safmsmfat, sufgarazdfb. @bgmsmbksm afluemk ebkyblaloak
fblmj
lakyao tbr`apatkya lmfmrulmk mk`mrbo yaki lblas `afae `araj yaki eu`aj
ebfboat ob sbf dtao.
`. Iakiiuak `afae bosrbsm Iakiiuak mkm `apat tbrha`m aomlat dlstruosm `afae
jbpar atau `m fuar jbpar. Obfamkak `m fuar jbpar lmasakya `maomlatoak dfbj
obfamkak lawaak. Dlstruosm `afae jbpar lmasakya aomlat mkgbosm atau obrusaoak
jbpar dfbj pbkyblal fa mk. (Jassak bt af.<>12).
3. ^atdgmsmdfdim
Lmfmrulmk a`afaj prd`uo pbkiuramak jbeb. Sblaimak lbsar (:2-=>%) tbrha`m
`arm pbkiuramak jbedifdlmk `ak sblaimak obcmf (1>-12%) `arm sbkyawa famk sbpbrtm
emdifdlmk. Sbf rbtmoufdbk`dtbf ebkybrap odepfbos japtdifdlmk `bkiak
jbedifdlmk yaki tbfaj `mlblasoak `arm sbf `araj ebraj. Sbf-sbf mkm obeu`mak
ebkibfuaroak lbsm
`arm jbeb sblaiam ca`akiak uktuo smktbsms lbrmoutkya `ak ebeutusoak cmkcmk jbeb
uktuo ebkijasmfoak tbrtapmrdf lmfmrulmk, yaki `msborbsmoak `afae lbktuo yaki tm`ao
farut `afae amr (lmfmrulmk tao tbrodkhuiasm, mk`mrbo). Oarbka obtm`aofarutak mkm,
lmfmrulmk `afa e pfasea tbrmoat ob afluemk uktuo `makiout `afae eb`mue a
mr. Sbwaotu zat mkm lbrb`ar `afae tuluj `ak ebfbwatm fdlufus jatm, jbpatdsmt
ebfbpas
lmfmrulmk `arm a fluemk `ak ebkyblaloak farutkya amr `bkiak ebkimoat lmfmrulmk ob
asae ifuodrdkat (lmfmrulmk tbrodkhuias m, `mrbo)
@afae lbktuo ifuodrdkm`a tbrodkhuiasm, lmfmrulmk yaki farut tbrsblut
easuo ob smstbe bepb`u uktuo `mbosorbsmoak. Saat easuo ob `afae usus,
lmfmrulmk
`muramoak dfbj laotbrm odfdk ebkha`m urdlmfmkdibk. Rrdlmfmkdibk `apat `mulaj
ebkha`m stbrodlmfmk `ak `mbosorbsmoak sblaiam gbsbs. Sblaimak urdlmfmkdibk
`mrbalsdrsm `arm usus ebfafum hafur bktbrdjbpatmo, `ak `araj pdrta
ebelawakya obelafm ob jatm. Rrdlmfmkdibk `aur ufaki mkm ueuekya
`mbosorbsmoak ob `afae bepb`u uktuo obelafm `mafmroak ob usus, tbtapm
sblaimak `mlawa dfbj smroufasm
smstbemo ob imkhaf, tbepat zat mkm `mbosorbsmoak sblaiam sbkyawa farut amr
lbrsaea urmk (Sacjbr, <>1<).
^a`a `bwasa kdreaf fbvbf sbrue lmfmrulmk <ei/`f `ak pa`a laym yaki laru
fajmr aoak eukcuf motbrus lmfa oa`arkya ;9ei/`f. Jmpbrlmfmrulmkbema
`apat
`msblaloak dfbj pbelbktuoak lmfmrulmk yaki ebfblmjm obeaepuak jatm
kdreaf uktuo bosorbsmoakkya atau `msblaloak dfbj obiaiafak jatm (oarbka
rusao) uktuo ebkibosorbsmoak lmfmrulmk yaki `mjasmfoak `afae huefaj kdreaf.
Pakpa a`akya obrusaoak jatm, dlstruosm safurak bosorbsm jatm huia aoak
ebkyblaloak jmpbrlmfmrulmkbema. ^a`a sbeua oba`aak mkm, lmfmrulmk tbrtmeluk `m
`afae `araj `ak
hmoa odksbktras mkya ebkcapam kmfam tbrtbktu (sbo mtar <- <,2ei/`f), sbkyawa mkm aoak
lbr`mgusm ob `afae harmkiak yaki obeu`ma k ebkha`m oukmki. Oba`aak mkm
`msblut motbrus atau ha uk`mcb (Eurray bt af,<>12).
0. Ofasmgmoasm
<) Oa`ar lmfmrulmk mk`mrbo sbtbfaj <x<0 hae tm`ao ebfbwatm 12 ei%
pa`a kbdkatus cuoup lufak `ak 1> ei% pa`a ouraki lufak.
3) Obcbpatak pbkmkioatak oa`ar lmfmrulmk tm`ao ebfblmjm 2 ei% pbrjarm.Oa`ar
lmfmrulmk `mrbo ouraki `arm 1 ei%.
0) Motbrus jmfaki pa`a 1> jarm pbrtaea.
2) Pm`ao ebepukyam `asar patdfdims? tm`ao tbrluotm ebepukyam julukiak
`bkiak oba`aak patdfdims tbrtbktu. Motbrus yaki obeukiomkak ebkha`m
patdfdims atau jmpbrlmfmrulmkbema `bkiak oaraotbrmstmo sblaiam lbrmout 8
Motbrus tbrha`m pa`a <0 hae pbrtaea sbsu`aj obfajmrak.
1) ^bkmkioatak odksbktrasm lmfmrulmk 2 ei% atau ; sbtmap <0 hae.
<) Odksbktrasm lmfmrulmk sbrue sbwaotu 1> ei% pa`a kbdkatus 6 lufak
`ak 1<,2 ei% pa`a kbdkatus cuoup lufak.
3) Motbrus `msbrtam prdsbs jbedfmsms (mkodepatmlmfmtas `araj, `bgmsmbksm
bkzme I7^@ `ak sbpsms).
0) Motbrus `msbrtam lbrat fajmr 6 <>>> ir, easa ibstasm 6 37 emkiiu,
asgmosma, jmpdosma, smk`rde iakiiuak pbrkagasak, mkgbosm, jmpdifmobema,
jmpbroapkma, jmpbrdsedfafmtas `araj.
l. Motbrus ^atdfdims/Jmpbrlmfmrulmkbema.
Mctbrus patdfdims a`afaj suatu oba`aak `meaka oa`ar odksbktrasm lmfmrulmk `afae
`araj ebkcapam suatu kmfam yaki ebepukyam pdtbksm uktuo ebkmelufoak
obrk motbrus oafau tm`ao `mtakiiufakim `bkiak lamo, atau ebepukyam
julukiak
`bkiak oba`aak yaki patdfdims. Lrdwk ebkbtapoak jmpbrlmfmrulmkbema lmfa
oa`ar lmfmrulmk ebkcapam 1< ei% pa`a cuoup lufak, `ak 12 ei% pa`a
laym ouraki lufak. Rtbffy ebkbtapoak 1> ei% `ak 12 ei%.
c. Obrk Motbrus.
A`afaj suatu obrusaoak dtao aomlat pbrfbkiobtak lmfmrulmk mk`mrbo pa`a
dtao tbrutaea pa`a odrpus strmatue, tafaeus, kucfbus sultafaeus,
jmpdoaepus, kuofbus ebraj, `ak kuofbus pa`a `asar vbktrmoufus MW.
Obrk motbrus mafaj bksbgafdpatm lmfmrulmk yaki lmasakya `mtbeuoak pa`a kbdkatus
cuoup lufak `bkiak motbrus lbrat (lmfmrulmk fblmj `arm <> ei%) `ak
`msbrtam
pbkyaomt jbedfmtmo lbrat `ak pa`a autdpsy `mtbeuoak lbrcao lmfmrulmk pa `a
dtao. Obrk motbrus sbcara ofmkms lbrlbktuo obfamkak syarag smepatms yaki tbrha`m
sbcara ordkmo (Kaiast myaj, <>10)
\ueus Oraebr
2. Eakmgbstasm Ofmkms
Laym laru fajmr (kbdkatus) taepao oukmki apalmfa oa`ar lmfmrulmk sbruekya
omra-omra 7ei/`f. Motbrus sblaiam aomlat pbkmelukak lmfmrulmk mk`mrbo pa`a
oufmt ebepukyam obcbk`brukiak ebkmelufoak warka oukmki eu`a atau
hmkiia. Sb`akioak motbrus dlstruosm (lmfmrulmk `mrbo) ebepbrfmjatoak
warka oukmkiobjmhauak atau oukmki odtdr. ^brlb`aak mkm jakya `apat
`mtbeuoak pa`a motbrus yaki lbrat (Kbfsdk, <>10).
a. Iaelarak ofmkms motbrus gmsmdfdims 8
1) Paepao pa`a jarm 3,0
<) Laym taepao sbjat (kdreaf)
3) Oa`ar lmfmrulmk tdtaf 61<ei%
0) Ebkijmfaki pafmki faelat 1>-10
jarm 2) Pao a`a gaotdr rbsmod
7) Sblal 8 prdsbs gmsmdfdims (lbrfakisuki `afae odk`msm gmsmdfdims)
(^rawmrdja`hd &Sarwdkd, <>17).
l. Iaelarak ofmkmo motbrus patdfdims
8 1) Pmeluf pa`a ueur 637 hae
<) Cbpat lbrobelaki
3) Lmsa `msbrtam akbema
0) Ebkijmfaki fblmj `arm < emkiiu
2) A`a gaotdr rbsmod
7) @asar 8 prdsbs patdfdims (^rawmrdja` hd &Sarwdkd, <>17).
Paepao motbrus pa`a sofbra, ouou, `ak sblaimak lbsar oufmt sbrta
ebelrak euodsa. Hauk`mcb yaki taepao `afae <0 hae pbrtaea sbhao laym fajmr
`msblaloak dfbj pbkyaomt jbedfmtmo, sbpsms atau mlu `bkiak `malbtmo `ak
mkgbosm. Hauk`mcb yaki taepao pa`a jarm ob-< atau ob-3 `ak ebkcapam pukcao
pa`a jarm ob-3 saepamob-0 sbrta ebkuruk pa`a jarm ob-2 sapam jarm ob-9
lmasakya ebrupaoak hauk`mcb
gmsmdfdims.
Ib hafa obrkmotbrus lbrupa oufmt oukmki objmhauak, euktaj , akdrbxma ,
gatmqub, warka urmkb ibfap, warka tmkha sbpbrtm `bepuf, fbtarim (fbeas), obhaki,
tao eau ebkbtbo, tdkus dtdt ebkmkiim `ak aojmrkya d pmstdtdkus. ( Kiastmyaj,
<>10).
Oa`ar mk`mrbo (tm`ao tbrodkhuias m) tm`ao ldfb j eb fblmjm 2 ei/`f `afae <0
hae atau tm`ao ldfb j fblmj `ar m <> ei/`f pa`a laym cuoup lufa k atau
1,2 ei/` f pa`a laym pratbre tbiaktuki pa`a lbrat la`ak.
0) ^rdtbmk sbrue tdtaf
Oa`ar ouraki `arm 3,> ir/`f ebkak`aoak pbkurukak oapasmtas
moatak tbrutaea pa`a laym pratbre.
2) Jmtuki `araj fbkioap
:. Pjbrapy
a. Pmk`aoak ueue
1) Ebebrmosa idfdkiak `araj mlu (\j, ALD) pa`a waotu jaemf,
ebkcbiaj truea fajmr, pbelbrmak dlat pa`a mlu jaemf atau laym laru
fajmr yaki `apat ebkmelufoak mojtbrus, mkgbos m `ak `bjm`ras m.
<) ^belbrmak eaoakak `mkm `bkiak huefaj camrak `ak oafdrm yaki sbsuam
`bkiak oblutujak laym lar u fa jmr.
3) Meukmsasm yaki cuoup lamo `m tbepat laym `mrawat.
Ebkijmfakioak Akbema
Ebkijmfakioak Aktmld`m Eatbrkaf `ak Brmtrdsmt Pbrsbksmtmsasm
Ebkmkioatoak La`ak Sbrue Afluemk
Ebkurukoak Sbru e Lmfmrulmk
l. Pmk`aoak Ojusus
Ebtd`b tjbrapm pa`a Jmpbrlmfmrulmkbema ebfmputm 8 Gdtdtbrapm, Praksgusm
^bki aktm, Mkgus Afluemk `ak Pjbrapm
Dlat. 1) Gdtdtjbrapm
Gdtdtjbrapm `apat `miukaoak sbk`mrm atau `modelmkasm `bkiak Praksgusm
^bkiiaktm uktuo ebkurukoak Lmfmrulmk. Ebeaparoak kbdkatus pa`a cajaya
`bkiak mktbksmtas yaki tmkiim aoak ebkurukoak Lmfmrulmk `afae oufmt.
Gdtdtjbrapm ebkurukoak oa`ar Lmfmrulmk `bkiak cara ebegasmfmtasm
bosrbsm Lmfmar Lmfmrulmk tao tbrodkhuiasm. Jaf mkm tbrha`m hmoa cajaya yaki
`malsdrsm
harmkiak ebkiulaj Lmfmrulmk tao tbrodkhuiasm ebkha `m `ua msdebr yaki
`msblut Gdtdlmfmrulmk. Gdtdlmfmrulmk lbribrao `arm harmkiak ob pbelufuj
`araj ebfafum eboakmseb `mgusm. @m `afae `araj Gdtdlmfmrulmk lbrmoatak
`bkiak Afluemk `ak `momrme ob Jatm. Gdtdlmfmrulmk obeu`mak lbribrao
ob Bepb`u `ak `mbosorbsm ob `afae @bd`bkue uktuo `mluaki lbrsaea
gbsbs
=. Odepfmoasm
a. Lmfmrulmk bkcjbpafdpatjy (odepfmoasm sbrmus)
l. Obrkmotbrus? obrusaoak kburdfdims, cbrblraf pafsy, rbtar`asm ebktaf, jmpbraotmg,
lmcara faelat, tm`ao a`a od r`mkasm dtdt `ak takimsak yaki
ebfbkiomki (^rawmrdja`hd &Sarwdkd, <>17).
1>. ^atjway
Jmpbrlmfmrulmk
Gdtdtbrapm
Yarka oufmt oukmki ^bkibfuarak ca mra k
bepb`u ob driak usus
^brmstaftmc usus
Fatjarim Smkar `bkiak \a`masm
ebkmkioat
mktbks mtas t mkiim
Obebrajak
Scfbra oukmki, ebelrakb
^brulajak suju @marb
euodsa oukmki
fmkioukiak
\msmod iakiiuak
mktbirmtas oufmt/
^bkibfuarak vdfueb
har mkiak
Sarag agbrbk camrak ebkmkioat
Motbrmo kbdkatus
`ak mktaob ebkuruk
Jmpdtafaeus
Jmpdvdfbema
Wasddktrmosm
^bkiuapak
Jmpbrtbrema
L. ODKSB^ @ASA\ ASRJAK OB^B\AYAPAK
1. ^bkioahmak (`ata sulybotmg `ak `ata dlybotmg)
Mstmrajat Fbtarim,
eafas.
<) Bfmemkasm
Lmsmki usus jmpdaotmg. ^asasb ebodkmue eukiomk faelat. Gbsbs
eukiomk fukao/cdofat objmhauak sbfaea pbkibfuarak lmfmrulmk.
Rrmk ibfap pboat? jmtae obcdofatak (smk`rde laym lrdkzb), `marb,
pbrmstaftmc usus ebkmkioat
3) Kutrmsm/ Camra k
\mwayat pbrfaelatak / eaoak draf luruo, eukiomk fblmj `msusum `arm
pa`a ebkyusu ldtdf. ^a`a ueuekya laym eafas emkue
(rbgfbo ebkijmsap `ak ebkbfak fbeaj sbjmkiia
LL laym ebkiafaem
pbkurukak). ^a fpasm al`debk `apat ebkukhuooak pbelbsarak
fmega , jbpar
0) Kburd sbksdrm
Sbgafdjbeatdea lbsar eukiomk tbrfmjat pa`a satu atau ob`ua tufaki
parmbta f yaki lbrjulukiak `bkiak trauea obfajmrak / obfa jmrak
bostra osm vaoue. B`bea ueue, jbpatdspfbkdebiafm, atau jm`rdps gbtafms
eukiomk a`a `bkiak mkodepatmlmfmtas \j lbrat. Objmfakiak rbg fbos
Edrd eukiomk tbrfmjat. Dpmstdtdkus `bkiak oboaouak fbkiouki
pukiiuki, gdktakbf ebkdkhdf, ebkakims fmrmj, aotmvmtas obhaki (tajap
ormsms)
2) ^brkagasak
\mwayat asgmosma
7) Obaeakak
\mwayat pdsmtmg mkgbosm / sbpsms kbdkatbs. @apat ebkiafaem bomedsms
lbrfblmjak, ptbo mb, pbr`arajak mktracrakma f. @apat taepao motbrmo
pa`a awafkya pa`a `abraj wahaj `ak lbrfakhut pa`a laimak `mstaf
tuluj? oufmt jmtae obcdofatak (s mk`rde laym Lrdkzb) sblaiam bgbo
saepmki gdtdtbrapm.
9) Sbosuafmtas
Eukiomk pratbre, laym obcmf uktuo usma ibstasm (SIA), laym
`bkiak rbtar`asm pbrtuelujak mktrautbrus (FIA), sbpbrtm laym
`bkiak mlu
`malbtbs. Prauea obfajmrak `apat tbrha`m lbrobkaak `bkiak strbss `mkimk,
asgmosma, jmpdosma, asm`dsms, jmpdifmobema. Pbrha`m fblmj sbrmki pa`a laym
prma `mlak`mkioak pbrbepuak.
:) ^bkyufujak / ^belbfa harak
@apat ebkiafaem jmpdtmrdm`mseb cdkibkmtaf, atrbsma lmfmbr, gmlrdsms omstmo.
Gaotdr obfuaria? emssaf rmwayat jmpbrlmfmrulmkbema pa`a
objaemfak sblbfuekya, pbkyaomt jbpar, gmlrdsms ormstmo, obsafajak
ebtaldfmseb saat fajmr (iafaotdsbema), `msorasmas `araj (sgbrdsmtdsms,
`bgmsmbksm iuodsa-7- gdsgat `bjm`rdibkasb.
Gaotdr mlu, sbpbrtm `malbtbs? ebkcbrka dlat-dlatak (emssaf, safmsmfat,
sufgdkaem`b draf pa`a objaemfak aojmr atau kmtrdguraktdmk (Gura`aktmk)?
mkodepatmlmfmtas \j/ALD? pbkyaomt mkgbosm (emsaf,
rulbffa, smtdebiafdvmrus, smgmfms, tdosdpfa edsms).
Gaotdr pbkukhaki mktrapartue, sbpbrtm pbrsafmkak pratbre, obfajmrak
`bkiak bostrasm vaoue, mk`uosm dosmtdsmk, pbrfaelatak pbkiofbeak tafm
pusat, atau trauea ob fajmrak.
`. ^bebrmosaak g msmo
1) Oba`aak ueue
Fbeaj, fbsu, pucat, oufmt lbrwarka oukmki/ ebraj tua
<) Pak`a vmtaf
Ka`m tbrala fb eaj, tboakak `araj ebkuruk, grb oubksm ka`m
ebkmkioat, sulu tuluj ebkmkioat
3) Eata
Motbrus tbrfmjat pa`a scfbra
0) \bgfbo
rbgfbo ebkijmsap ouraki/fbeaj
2) Pdkus aotmvmtas
fbtarim, jmpdtdkus, pboa rakisaki, trbedr, obhaki, `ak takimsak
ebfbkiomki
7) Al`debk
^bebrmosaak dria k jatm (tbkta ki uourak, tbpm` ak pbreuoaak),
`mtbeuoak a`akya pbelbsarak fmepa (spfbkdebiafm), pbfblarak
oak`uki bepb`u,
`ak easa al`demkaf
9) Bostrbemtas atas/lawaj
Harm tuluj (cfullmki), imkbodeastma (ouou putmj) `ak a`akya sbfaput
fbk`br, turidr oufmt ebkuruk.
3. Mktbrvbksm
lbrjulukiak Dlsbrvasm
obpbrawatak sbfaea … x <0 - ^brmosa tak`a `ak
`bkiak obourakiak ibhafa jypdvdfbema (ems,
hae `mjarap oak camrak
mktaob camrak grboubksm ka`m
pasmbk tbrpbkujm `bkiak ebkmkioat, ka`m tbrala
`mtak`am `bkia k fbeaj,turidr oufmt
ormtbrma jasmf 8
ebkuruk, ebelrakb
grboubksm ka`m
1. Ebepbrtajakoak urmkb euodsa obrmki,
ebkmkioat, ka`m tbrala vdfueb urmk ebkuruk,
dutput sbsuam `bkiak fbeaj)
fbeaj, tboakak usma - Edkmtdr mktaob
`araj ebkuruk, `ak dutput c amrak
`ak LL kdreaf
Pbrapbutmo
turidr oufmt ebkuruk, <. Pboakak `araj, ka`m, - Jmtuki oblutujak camrak
- Lbrmoak asupak camrak
vdfub urmkb ebkmkioat, suju tuluj `afae latas
draf
laym fbeaj, `marb, kdreaf. B `uoasm
- Akhuroak
pbrmstaftmc usus 3. Oa`ar jbeatdormt ebepbrlakyao asupak
`afae camrak draf
ebkmkioat Odfaldrasm
latas kdrea f.
- Odfaldrasm
0. Pm`ao a`a tak`a
pbelbrmak camrak MW.
`bjm`rasm, bfastmsmtas
turidr oufmt bfastms, <. ^beaktauak camrak
Dlsbrvasm
ebelrak euodsa - Edkmtdr grboubksm kagas
- Edkmtdr lbrat la`ak
fbelal.
- Edkmtdr bfastmsmtas
atau turidr oufmt
- Edkmtdr huefaj, warka
`ak lbrat hbkms urmkb
Pbrapbutmo
- @douebktasmoak jasmf
pbeaktauak
B `uoasm
- Hbfasoak tuhuak `ak
prdsb`ur pbeaktauak
- Mkgdreasmoak jasmf
pbeaktauak hmoa pbrfu
saluk sbcuoupkya
0. Mepfbebktasm
Mepfbebktasm obpbrawatak a`afaj pbkidfajak `ak pbrwuhu`ak `arm
rbkcaka obpbrawatak yaki tbfa j `msus uk pa `a tajap pbrbkcakaak (Sbtma`m, <>1<)
2. Bvafuasm
Irakbr, @aryf. O, Eurray, \dlbrt .O. <>12. Lmdomema Jbpar. B`msm <=.
Luou Ob`dotbrak BIC 8 Haoarta
Jassak, \., <>19. Luo u Oufmaj Mfeu Obsbjatak Akao ..Hmfm` 3 Cbtaoak Obsblbfas. Laima
k Mfeu Obsbjatak Akao Gaouftas Ob`dotbrak Rkmvbrsmtas Mk`dkbsma, Haoarta.
Kbfsdk. <>10. Mfeu Obsbjatak Akao Bsbksmaf B`msm Bkae. Haoarta 8 Safb ela Eb`moa.
Sacjbr, \dkaf`, A., \mcjar` A., Ec^jbrsdk. <>1<. Pmkhauk Ofmkms Jasmf ^bebrmosaak
Faldrdtdrmue. B`msm 11. B`mtdr lajasa Mk`dkbsma8 Jartdktd,
Jurmawatm. Haoarta8 BIC
Sarwdkd, Brwmk, bt a f. <>12. ^b`deak @maikdsms `ak Pbrapm Fal/ R^G Mfeu Obsbjatak
Akao. Mo tbrus Kbdkatdrue(Jypbrlmfmrulmkbema Kbdkatdrue). Suralaya8
\SR@ @r.Sdbtded.
Pme ^doha S@OM @^^ ^^KM. <>17. Stak`ar @maikdsms Obpbrawatak Mk`dkbsma. Haoarta
Sbfatak 8 @^^ ^^KM
Pme ^doha SFOM @^^ ^^KM. <>1:. Stak`ar Fuarak Obpbrawatak Mk`dkbsma 8 @bgmkmsm
@ak Orbtbrma Jasmf Obpbrawatak, B`msm 1. Haoarta8 @^^ ^^KM
Pme ^doha SMOM @^^ ^^KM. <>1:. Stak`ar Mktbrvbksm Obpbrawatak Mk`dkbsma 8 @bgmkmsm
@ak Pmk`aoak Obpbrawatak
GD\EAP ASRJAK OB^B\AYAPAK KBDKAPRS
SPMOBS YM\A EB@MOA ^^ KM LAFM
L. Kataf
Awaf pbrsafmkak 8 : hae
Faea pbrsafmka k 8 1 ha e
Saat pbrsafmkak 8
prbeaturb/eatur/sbrdtmkus
Odepfmoasm pbrsa fmkak 8 tm`ao a`a
Pbrapm yaki `mlbr moak 8 mkhbosm dos mtdsmk
Cara ebfajmroa k 8
( ) pbrvaimkae kdreaf () SC
( ) vaoue bostasmdk () Famkkya 8
Pbepat ebfajmroak 8 ………
( ) \ueaj Saomt ( ) \ueaj lbrsa fmk
( ) \ueaj () Famkkya 8 ..........
^bkdfdki pbrsafmkak 8
Rsaja kagas
() `bkiak laktuak ( ) takpa laktuak
Oblutujak rbsusmtasm 8 lamo
Hbkms `ak fa eakya 8 pb eaoa mak `bfbb suctmdk, 1>
`btmo A^IA\ Sodr 8 1>
Laym fakisuki ebkakims 8 ya/tm`ao
Pakimsak laym 8 ouat/fbeaj/famkkya
Dlat-dlatak yaki `mlbrmoak pa`a kbdkatus 8 vmtaemk O, safbp
eata, meukmsasm jbpatmtms L
Mktbraosm drakitua `ak laym
Prauea fajmr 8 () a`a ( ) tm`ao
IBKDI\AE
Ly. a
Obtbrakiak 8
8 faom faom
8 pasmbk
pbrbepuak
8
8 Pmkiia f sbrueaj
8 ebkmkiiaf
W. \MYA]AP SDSMAF
A. Systbe pbk`uouki/obfuaria tbr`boat yaki `apat `mjulukim
1. ^bkiasuj 8 mlu pas mbk ebkiataoak laymkya aoak `masuj dfbj `mrmkya sbk`mr m
`ak obfuariakya
<. ^belawaak sbcara ueue 8 mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak laymkya ebkaims saat
`mfajmroak
3. Julukiak `bkiak akiidta obfuaria 8 mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak
lajwa akaokya a`a faj akao ob`ua `ak ebemfmom sau`ara faom-faom lbrus ma
2 tajuk
0. Julukiak `bkiak tbeak sblaya 8 mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak laymkya laru fajmr
Sblbfue saomt 8
Mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak pa`a saat fajmr laymkya eau emkue ASM `bkiak fajap.
LL laym <3>> ir, pakhaki la`ak 2> ce, fmkioar obpafa 33 ce, fmkioar `a`a 32
ce, fmkioar fbkiak atas : ce, fmkioar pbrut 3< ce. Mlu pasmbk
ebkiataoak akaokya ebkaims `bkiak obkcaki saat `mfajmroak. Pm`ao
a`a `mfaouoak
pbebr mosaak tbroamt fa ldratdrmue. Mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak fmkioukiak
sbomtar rueaj saomt tbkaki `ak tm`ao tbrfafu lakyao pbkiuhuki.
Sbfaea saomt 8
Mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak laymkya eafas ebkyusum, laym rbwbf `ak ebkaims. LL
laym <3>> ir, pakha ki la`ak 2> ce, fmkioar obpafa 33 c e, fmkioar `a`a 32
ce, fmkioar fbkiak atas : ce, fmkioar pbrut 3< ce. Jasmf pbebrmosaak
faldratdrmue
`araj yamtu jbedifdlmk 12,: ei %, jbeatdormt 09%, fbuodsmt 10.2>>/ef3 ,
trdeldsmt <7>.>>>/ee3, lmfmrulmk tdtaf 11ei/`F, lmfmrulmk `mrbo 1,2 ei/`F,
lmfmrulmk mk`mrbo 1,1 ei/`F. Mlu pasmb k ebkiataoak fmkioukiak sbomtar
ruea j saomt tbkaki `ak lbrsmj tm`ao tbrfafu lakyao pbiukhuki, laymkya
lbra`a pa`a mkculatdr
@. Status camrak
Sblbfue saomt 8
Mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak saat fajmr laymkya eau emkue ASM `mlbrmoak sbtmap <
hae sboafm `bkiak fajap, `afae <0 hae pbrtaea laym su`aj LAO `bkiak
warka oukmki hbrkmj `ak LAL `bkiak warka oukmki, odksmstbksm camr.
Sbfaea saomt 8
Mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak laym lmasa ebkyusum ASM yaki `mlbrmoak sbtmap <
hae sboafm `bkiak fajap, laym lbfue LAL `ak LAO `m <0 hae jarm ob`ua.
B. Dlat-dlatak
G. Aotmvmtas
Sblbfue saomt 8
@araj fb kioap
Jbedifdlmk 12,: ir% 11,>>-13,>> F
Gukism Jatm
H. Famk-famk
Pm`ao `mfa ouoak pbebrmosaak fa mkkya
0. \bgfbx
( ) Edrd ( ) Ebkiibki ae ( ) Ebkijmsap
( ) famk-famk, sblutoak .........................................................................
2. Pdkus/aotmvmtas
a. ( ) Aotmg ( ) Pbkaki ( ) Fbtarim ( ) Obhaki
l. ( ) Ebkakims obras ( ) Fbeaj
( ) Ebfbkiomki ( ) Sufmt ebkiakims
7. Obpafa/fbjbr
a. Gdktakbf aktbrmdr
( ) Fukao ( ) Pbias ( ) @atar
( ) Ebkdkhdf ( ) Cbouki
l. Sutura saimtafms
( ) Pbpat ( ) Pbrpmsaj ( ) Ebkhauj
c. Iaelarak wahaj
( ) Smebtrms ( ) Asmebtrms
`. Jdf`mki
( ) Caput succb`akbue ( ) Cjbpafdjbeatdea
9. Eata
( ) Lbrsmj ( ) Sborbsm
( ) sofbra motbrmo ( ) sofbra akmotbrmo
:. PJP
a. Pbfmkia
( ) Kdreaf ( ) Alkdreaf
l. Jm`uki
( ) Lmfatbraf ( ) Dlstruosm ( ) Cupmki
jm`uki c. ^afatue
( ) Kdreaf ( ) Alkdreaf
=. Pjdraos
1<. Al`debk
a. ( ) Fukao ( ) Pbias ( ) @atar ( )Obeluki
l. Fmvbr 8 ( ) ouraki `arm < ce ( ) fblmj `arm < ce
c. Relmfmcus
( ) Kdreaf ( ) Alkdreaf ( ) Mkgfa easm () @ramkasb
13. Bostrbemtas
a. ( ) sbeua bostrbemtas ibrao () \DE tbrlatas () tm`ao `apat `moahm
l. Bostrbemtas atas `ak lawaj 8 ( ) Smebtrms () Asmebtrms
10. Ibkmtaf
( ) ^brbepuak kdreaf () faom-faom kdreaf () Aelmvafbk
12. Akus
( ) ^atbk ( ) Mepbrgdrata
17. Spmka
( ) Kdreaf ( ) Alkdreaf
19. Oufmt
a. Yarka 8 () ^mko ( ) ^ucat ( ) Hauk`mcb
l. ( ) \
asj/obebrajak c. ( )
Pak`a fajmr
1:. Suju
a. Fmkioukiak
( ) ^bkijakiat ra`mak ( ) ^bkiaturak suju ( )Mkoulatdr
() Suju ruaki () Ldos tbrluoa
l. Suju ou fmt
Sarag agbrbk
ebrakisaki
jmpdtafaeus
Jmpbrtbrema
k
motbrmo, warka oukmki `mlaimak
wahaj, fbjbr, `abraj Lmfmrulmk `mrbo
`a`a, ebkmkioat
`abraj pbrut, `ak tukioam
`afae oraebr”s rufb easuo Oufmt lbrulaj
ob`afae ira`b 3, oa`ar warka ebkha`m
lmfmrulmk tdtaf 11ei/`F, oukmki `ak
lmfmrulmk `mrbo 1,2
sofbra motbrmo
ei/`F, lmfmrulmk mk`mrbo
Motbrmo kbdkatus
1,1
@bgmsmt pbkibtajuak
`ak laym jakya ebkaims, scfbra motbrmo, warka oukmki `mlaimak wahaj, fbjbr,
`abraj `a`a, `abraj pbrut, `ak tukioam `afae oraebr”s rufb easuo
ob`afae ira`b 3 `ak lmfmrulmk tdtaf 11ei/`F, lmfmrulmk `mrbo 1,2 ei/`F,
lmfmrulmk mk`mrbo 1,1 ei/`F
3. @bgsmt pbkibtajuak lbrjulukiak `bkiak ouraki tbrpapar mkgdreasm `mtak`am
`bkiak mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak lmkiuki `bkiak pbkaiakak oukmki pa`a
laymkya `mrueaj, mlu pasmbk taepao lmkiuki, cbeas `ak ebkayaoak easa
faj yaki `mja`apmkya.
ZMMM. \BKCAKA OB^B\AYAPAK
Armsta
1. Elastisitas kulit 30 rmnit
meningkat 4. Anjurkan ibu
2. Suhu kulit membaik menyusui sesering
3. Perfusi jaringan mungkin
meningkat 5. Kolaborasi
4. Tekstur membaik pemeriksaan darah
5. Tidak ada vena bilirubin direk
kemerahan pada dan indirek
kulit
6. Warna kulit normal
ME^FBEBKPASM
Jarm/ Pif/ Kd. Pmk`aoak Obpbrawatak Bvafuas m ^rdsbs ^arag
Hae @x
Emkiiu, 1
>1/11/<><> Ebkim`bktmgmoasm @s 8 mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak
^uouf <>.>> akaokya `beae
pbkyblal
@d 8 laym taepao
wmta fbeas, Armsta
jmpbrtbrema (ems. >
@bjm`rasm, tbrpapar ` b ki a k s u j u t
g a o t d r pb k y b l al
fmkioukiak pakas, u u j 3 : C ,
l a y m p ak as yamtu
pbkiiukaak pbkiiukaak mkoulatdr
mkculatdr)
^uouf >:.3>
Ebedkmtdr suju
wmta 1
tuluj
@s 8 mlu pasmbk ebkiataoak
akaokya `beae
@d 8 aoraf oufmt tbrala
jakiat, oufmt tm`ao bfastms,
`ak suju tuluj laym 39,:>C
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
^uouf 1>.>> 1 @d 8 laym taepao
Ebkmkioatoak @s 8mlu pasmbk
wmta rbwbf `ak
ebkiataoak akaokya eaepu
asupak camrak `ak
ebkyusum ebkaims
kutrmsm yaki a`bouat `bkiak fajap
@d 8 pasmbk taepao rbwbf
`ak ebkaims
Ebkiakhuroak
^wumtoauf
ebkyusum sbsuam
1>.3> 3 @esb k8y umslum paksambok
oblutujak laym
yea bksbitamatapo ak<
hae sbjarm
@d 8 laym taepao
aotmg ebkyusum
Ebelbrmoak
^uouf 10.>>
mkgdreasm tbktaki @s 8 mlu pasmbk
< wmta cara ebkurukoak ebkiataoak ebkibrtm `ak
ebeajaem tbktaki
`beae `bkiak mkgdreasm yaki
odeprbs amr jakiat `mlbrmoak pbrawat
Ebkiaharoak
ebeak`moak laym
^uouf 17.>> 3
wmta `bkiak ebepbrjatmoak
@s 8 mlu laym ebkiataoak
suju ruakiak <1- ebkimoutm akhurak `arm
<0>C pbrawat
@d 8 mlu laym taepao
`ak `afae waotu 2-1> eaepu ebkimoutm
ebkmt, sbjarm < oafm akhurak `arm
pbrawat
Ebkiakhuroak mlu
^uouf 1:.>> 1
wmta ebelbrmoak asm
bosofusmg @s 8 mlu pasmbk
ebkiataoak
laymkya eaepu ebkyusum
`bkiak aotmg
^uouf <>.>> 1 Ebk`bfbiasmoak @d 8 mlu pasmbk
wmta taepao ebelbrmoak ASM
pbelbr mak dla sbtmap < hae sboafm
t
akafibtmo &
@s 8 mlu pasmbk
ebkiataoak
laymkya eau emkue dlat
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
aktmpmrbtmo yamtu
paracbtaedf
^uouf >:.3>
Ebedkmtdr suju
wmta 1
tuluj
@s 8 mlu pasmbk
ebkiataoak
`beae akaokya turuk
@d 8 aoraf oufmt tbrala
^uouf >=.>> Ebedkmtdr motbrmo jakiat, oufmt bfastms, `ak
suju tuluj
pa`a scfbra `ak
< wmta laym 39,2>C
oufmt laym
@s 8 mlu pasmbk
ebkiataoak akaokya
lbrwarka oukmki
Ebedkmtdr tak`a-
^uouf >=.3> @d 8 sofbra motbrmo,
tak`a vmta f laym a`akya
jmpbrlmfmrulmk pa`a wahaj,
< wmta
fbjbr, `a`a `bkiak jasmf
lmfmrulmk tdtaf 1>,33 ei/`F
ebkyusum sbsuam
^uouf 1>.3> 3 @s 8mlu pasmbk
wmta ebkiataoak akaokya eaepu
ebkyusum
`bkiak fajap
@d 8 pasmbk taepao tm`ao
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Arsmta
Armsta
oblutujak laym ebkyusum
ebepbrjatmoak
suju ruakiak @s 8 mlu laym ebkiataoak
<1- ebkimoutm akhurak `arm
pbrawat
<0>C `ak `afae
@edb k8i mlou tml aym
waotu 2-1>
atakehupraok eae`aprum
ebkmt, sbjarm < oa fm
pbrawat
^uouf 1=.>> 1
wmta
Ebkiakhuroak
mlu ebelbrmoak
asm bosofusmg
@s 8 mlu pasmbk
ebkiataoak
laymkya eaepu ebkyusum
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
^uouf 1=.3> `mlbrmoak dfbj
Ebk`bfbiasmoak @s 8 mlu pasmbk pbrawat
wmta 1 ebkiataoak
pbelbr mak dla laymkya eau emkue dlat @d 8 mlu
t laym taepao
@d 8 laym taepao tm`ao
oddpbratmg
akafibtmo & rbwbf
`ak eau
`ak tm`ao ebkaims faim
aktmpmrbtmo ebk`bkiaroak
yamtu mktruosm yaki
^uouf <>.>> 3 `mlbrmoak dfbj
wmta paracbtaedf pbrawat
Ebkiakhuroak @s 8 mlu laym taepao
uktuo ebkibrtm
ebkhbeur `bkiak pbkhbfasak pbrawat
@d 8 mlu laym
laym puouf >9.>>
taepao ebkibrtm `ak
wmta- >:.>> eau ebkcdla
lbsdo
\alu, 1 wmta sbfaea 12-3>
>0/11/<><>
ebkmt sbtmap paim
^uouf >:.>>
wmta Ebkiakhuroak
uktuo @s 8 mlu laym taepao
ebkhbeur ebkibrtm
laym puouf >9.>> `bkiak pbkhbfasak pbrawat
@d 8 mlu laym
wmta- >:.>> wmta
^uouf >:.3> < taepao
sbfaea 12-3>
wmta
ebkmt sbtmap paim ebkibrtm `ak eau
su`aj
ebkbrapoak, kmfam oa`ar
lmfmrulmk 1>,33 ei/`F
Ebedkmtdr tak`a-
tak`a vmta f laym
@s 8 mlu pasmbk
ebkiataoak akaokya fblmj
aotmg, tm`ao rbwbf & ebkaims
^uouf >=.>> 1
@d 8 laym taepao fblmj sbiar,
wmta
turidr oufmt bfastms,
tak`a- tak`a vmtaf
`m`apatoak ka`m 1<>x/ekt,
Ebkiakhuroak \\ 2>x/ekt, suju 39,>>C
ebkyusum sbsuam
@s 8 mlu pasmbk
^uouf 1>.>> 3 ebkiataoak
wmta laymkya eaepu ebkyusum
`bkiak aotmg
Ebelbrmoak @d 8 mlu pasmbk
mkgdreasm `ak taepao ebelbrmoak ASM
sbtmap < hae sboafm, LL
sb`maoak eatbrm ekmkioat <2>> ir
`ak eb`ma
@s 8 mlu ebkiataoak
pbk`m`moak eaepu ebkbrmea
obsbjatak mkgdreasm yaki
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
Armsta
ZMW. BWAFRASM
@bkpasar, ……
<><> Eajasmswa,
(…………………)