[RICARDO WAVE

TUTORIAL – SI ENGINE 16
VALVE]
For BITS Pilani, Hyderabad
SI Gasoline 4 cylinder 8 valve Engine model

The 4 cylinder model can be developed from the single cylinder model that has been
built earlier.

The single-cylinder model currently has Ambient junctions at both ends, named
Intake and Exhaust. The engine-cylinder network, with the attached ducts
representing the intake and exhaust ports, is identical for all four cylinders in the
engine. Using the left mouse button, draw a box around the ducts and engine-cylinder
network to select the entire system.

Click on the copy button in the tool bar or press ctrl + C

Then click on the Paste button in the tool bar or press ctrl + V and the mouse pointer
will become a crosshair icon. Paste and duplicate other 3 cylinders.

When completed it should appear as

Creating an Engine Block Icon

Select the Create Engine option from the Tools pull-down menu to open the Create
Engine Panel. Change the No. of Cylinders text field to 4 and press Enter.Change the

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Firing Order to reflect that of a standard 4-cylinder engine - 1, 3, 2, 4. Also enter the
details as shown below

Click the OK button to close the panel and note the Engine Block icon that is added to
the canvas.

When the Engine Block is created, it will have four Engine Cylinder junctions created
along with it by default. Left-click each of these newly-created Engine Cylinders one
at a time and press the Del key to delete them, leaving an empty Engine Block icon.

Place the existing cylinders into the engine block by drag and drop.

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Delete the Intake and exhaust ambient elements.

Placing the Simple Y-junctions on the Canvas

Y-junctions are used anywhere a volume needs to be modeled that has more than one
connection point. Drag and drop one Simple Y-junction from Element tree near the
middle portion.

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Connect the dangling duct ends to the Simple Y-junction by dragging and dropping
(use the middle-mouse button) anywhere on the blue portion of the junction.

Add a Y-junction on the exhaust side and repeat the same procedure.

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Place a new ambient element in front of the Y-junction. And do the same on the
exhaust side. Create a new duct between the Intake ambient and the Simple Y-
junction on the intake side. Enter 50 [mm] for both Left and Right Diameters and 500
[mm] for Overall Length. The Discretization Length should be 35 [mm]

The ambient elements are left with default initial conditions.

Create another new duct between the Simple Y-junction on the exhaust side and the
Exhaust ambient (following the Left to Right convention). Enter 50 [mm] for both
Left and Right Diameters and 500 [mm] for Overall Length. Enter 40 [mm] for the
Discretization Length. Appropriate initial conditions for this duct should be set as
1.05 [bar] Pressure, 700 [K] Temperature, and 650 [K] Wall Temperature.

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Double-click on the intake-side Y-junction to open the Simple Y-junction Panel. Type
50 [mm] in the Diameter text-field.

Click on the Edit Openings button to orient the connected ducts.

For the sake of this tutorial, assume that rotation in the clockwise direction is positive.
Although the orientation of each duct is only important relative to the other ducts at
the junction, it is usually easiest to orient the ducts similarly to the appearance on the
canvas.

Change the orientation to match it with the orientation on the canvas.

Please note that ducts numbers may vary in your current model hence change the
orientations accordingly

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The exhaust-side Simple Y-junction should be set up similarly, with a Diameter of 50
[mm] and initial conditions similar to the outlet duct - Pressure of 1.05 [bar],
Temperature of 700 [K], and Wall Temperature of 650 [K]. The orientation of the
ducts should be similar to that of the layout on the canvas, as in the intake-side Y-
junction.

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Double click and open Default Cylinder under model tree. Enter the same dimensions
as in Single cylinder engine.

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Click on the Initial Conditions tab and enter {PISTON_TEMP}, {LINER_TEMP},
{HEAD_TEMP}, {IV_TEMP}, and {EV_TEMP} in the text fields for the Piston Top
Temperature, Cylinder Liner Temperature, Cylinder Head Temperature, Intake Valve
Temperature, and Exhaust Valve Temperature fields, respectively.

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Click on Apply button< when prompted to add these constants to the constants table
select No.

Click the OK button and now WaveBuild prompts you as to whether or not to
propagate the changes made for the Default Engine Cylinder template to the element
instances belonging to that template (cyl1, cyl2, cyl3, and cyl4). Click the Yes button

Now, double-click on the Engine Block icon to open the Engine General Panel. Click
on the Combustion tab and double-click on the siwiebe1 combustion sub-model to
open its input panel. Enter {CA50} in the Location of 50% Burn Point text field and
{BDUR} in the Combustion Duration (10-90%) text field. Click on the Apply button
again to be queried on adding these constants to the table. Again, select No.

Now check each cylinder block sub-models and valve profiles. Make sure that the
intake and exhaust ducts are defined within the cylinder properties.

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Open constants from toolbar

Enter the various constants used in the model and enter the following data

SPEED rpm 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000

A_F 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7
BDUR deg 31 32 31 29.5 29 28

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CA50 deg 8.0 8.5 8.5 9.0 9.0 9.0
EV_TEMP K 380 377 375 370 366 365
HEAD_TEMP K 635 630 620 595 580 550
IV_TEMP K 320 320 320 318 316 312
LINER_TEMP K 616 600 595 580 570 540
PISTON_TEMP K 595 585 580 550 530 500

Right click on the Engine block and select Edit plots. Create an Engine torque plot by
selecting create plot and adding engine torque to the existing plots. Change the plot
name to “Engine Torque {$casetitle}

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Click OK button and save the model

Run an input check by clicking Check Input Run in the toolbarand then click on the
Run Direct button to launch the analysis (note how engine cycles take longer to
complete in the later cases, at lower engine speeds).

Launch WavePost and analyse the pressure and temperature plots at different rpms.

Under sweep plots folder>Engine>Performance, open brake engine torque and brake
engine power produced to view the results

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