Data/Voice System Design

Lecture 1

Prepared by:
Lory Liza D. Bulay-og, PECE
Structured Cabling Systems

Structured cabling is a method for creating

an organized cabling system that can be easily
understood by installers,network
administrators, and any other technicians
that deal with cables
Structured Cabling: Backbone
Cabling vs Horizontal Cabling

Backbone cabling and horizontal cabling are two

main cabling methods used in today’s structured
cabling system and neither is dispensable. Since
backbone cabling and horizontal cabling have many
differences, cables used these two structured cabling
systems are also different from each other.
Structured Cabling System Basics
To understand backbone
cabling and horizontal cabling,
let’s understand the five
subsystems of structured
cabling firstly. These five
subsystems are often found
throughout a building and are
connected together so that
various types of data can be
transmitted consistently and
securely. (see figure shown)
Equipment Room: A room with equipment that serves the
users inside the building.
Telecommunications Room: This room contains the
telecommunications equipment that connects the
backbone and horizontal cabling subsystems.
Backbone Cabling: A system of cabling that connects the
equipment rooms and telecommunications rooms.
Horizontal Cabling: The system of cabling that connects
telecommunications rooms to individual outlets or work
areas on the floor.
Work Area Components: These connect end-user
equipment to outlets of the horizontal cabling system.
Rules of Structured Cabling

look for a complete connectivity solution

plan for future growth

maintain freedom of choice in vendors

 Subsystems of Antenna Entrance

Structured Cabling Telecommunications

Room/Closet

Backbone Pathway Tie Pathway

Horizontal Pathway Telecommunications

Room/Closet

Equipment Room/Closet

Backbone Pathways

Horizontal Pathway Demarcation Point

Entrance Room/Closet Main

Terminal Space
(Entrance Facility)

Interbuilding Backbone Telecommunications Outlet

Alternate Entrance Work Area

 Subsystems of
Structured Cabling

Demarcation Point
between outside
service provider
cables and customer
cables
Interbuilding Backbone

Alternate Entrance
 Subsystems of
Structured Cabling

Telecommunications Outlet

Work Area
 Subsystems of
Structured Cabling

Telecommunications
Room/Closet

Equipment Room/Closet

Horizontal Pathway
Entrance Room / Closet Main
Terminal Space
(Entrance Facility)
 Subsystems of
Structured Cabling

Tie Pathway

Backbone Pathway
Backbone Pathways
 Subsystems of
Antenna Entrance
Structured Cabling
 Subsystems of Structured Cabling
other diagram example
?

?
?

?
 Subsystems of Structured Cabling
a larger example
Building A
Horizontal Cabling Building C
Telecommunication
Floor Distributor / Outlet
Telecommunication
Closet
Building B

Building Distributor / Building

Telecommunication Backbone
Closet
Campus Campus Distributor /
campus Backbone Telecommunication
comprensorio Closet
 Cabling logical diagram
Campus Distributor / Campus Backbone
Main cross Connect

Building Distributor /
Intermediate cross Connect

Building backbone
or vertical cabling
Floor Distributor /
Horizontal cross
Connect
Telecommunication horizontal
Closets cabling
Telecommunication
Outlets
optional cabling (not allowed) optional Transition Point
 Campus Equipment Room

more complex than Telecommunication Closet to Building

Distributor /
Cables from
Tie Pathway for cables Intermediate
Service Provider
to electronic devices cross Connect

Electronic Devices Main cross Connect

Demarcation Point

plywood
panel
Telecommunications Room

Patch Panel (front) Distribution Rack

Telecommunication Closet
Raceways
A raceway is a channel
that contains cables.
Raceways include
common electrical
conduits ,
specialized cable trays
or ladder racks ,
in-floor duct systems ,
and plastic or metal
surface mounted
raceways.
Patch Panel
Patch panel and Patch Cord

Panel for UTP cables with 16 RJ45

Panel with
telephonic
cross-connect Panel for optical fiber with 16 SC connectors

Optical Patch Cord

Patch Cord
Patch panel and Patch Cord

Data

Voice
Telecommunication
Closet Telecommunication
Outlet
Horizontal Cabling
Telecommunications
Work Area Closet

horizontal cabling 90 m I2
I1 I3

HC

I1 + I2 + I3 = 10 m

= cross-connect I1 = work area cable

= telecommunication outlet I2 = patch cord
= transition point I3 = equipment cable
Telecommunication Outlet
four pairs cable directly
connected on RJ45 socket

four pairs cable connected

on plug RJ45

adapter
Working Area
• work area
• at least two outlet
• about 10 m2

• patch Work Area

• max 90 m Cable
RJ45: socket and plug

RJ45
Wall Socket (receptacle )
or Telecommunication Outlet

RJ45
jack or plug (male)
TIA/EIA Standard
ALTERNATE (T568A) PREFER (T568B)
PAIR 2 PAIR 3

PAIR 3 PAIR 1 PAIR 4 PAIR 2 PAIR 1 PAIR 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
W G W BL W O W BR W O W BL W G W BR
G O BL BR O G BL BR
JACK POSITIONS JACK POSITIONS
UTP cable
Pair Wire
White/Blue
1 Blue/White
Blue
White/Orange
2 Orange/White
Orange
White/Green
3 Green/White
Green
White/Brown
4 Brown/White
Brown

The solid colored wire is called “ring” Language Tip:

and the stripe wire is called "tip". colour (UK) or color (USA)
for the final exam
Documentation:
Document: 1. Topology
FIRST FLOOR

SERVIZI
ACCOGLIENZA
VANO
SCALE
SECOND FLOOR

UFFICI SALA VANO SALA SALA SALA

BIBLIOTECA MACCHINE SCALE CONSULTAZIONE PRESTITI WIRELESS

THIRD FLOOR
MAGAZZINI DI CONSERVAZIONE

UFFICI O UFFICIO VANO

AMMINISTRATIVO TECNICO SCALE

UFFICIO UFFICIO
PERSONALE DIRIGENTE
ACQUISTI
Document: 2. Cabling layout
PIANO TERRA
EF TC01
PRIMO PIANO
EF
TC11 MC MC
TC21 SERVIZI
UFFICI SALA ACCOGLIENZA
VANO VANO
BIBLIOTECA MACCHINE SCALE SCALE

TC03 TC02
TC12 SALA SALA SALA
CONSULTAZIONE PRESTITI WIRELESS
MAGAZZINI DI CONSERVAZIONE
TC01

MC

LEGENDA MC
SECONDO PIANO
MC Main cross Connect
EF Entrance Facility TC21

UFFICI O UFFICIO
TC01 Telecommunication Closet PT (Prestiti+Accoglienza) VANO
AMMINISTRATIVO TECNICO SCALE
TC02 Telecommunication Closet PT (Wireless)
TC03 Telecommunication Closet PT (Consultazione)
TC11 Telecommunication Closet PP (Biblioteca)
TC12 Telecommunication Closet PP (Magazzino)
UFFICIO UFFICIO
TC21 Telecommunication Closet SP (all the Officies) PERSONALE DIRIGENTE
ACQUISTI
Backbone Pathway
Horizontal Pathway
Document: 3. Logic Diagram
EF MC

TC01

TC02 TC03 TC11 TC12 TC21

TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx

TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx

TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx TOxx

Document: 4. Media 5. Connectors

MEDIA

from EF to MC multimodal optical fiber

from MC to TC01 multimodal optical fiber
from MC to TC21 multimodal optical fiber
from MC to TC1x UTP cable, cat.5
from TC01 to TC02 UTP cable, cat.5
from TC01 to TC03 UTP cable, cat.5
from TCxx to TOxx UTP cable, cat.5

CONNECTORS

Optical Fiber: ST
UTP: RJ45 (TIA 568B)
Document: 6. Telecommunication Closet

third floor TC21

FO link
SW 21
second floor MC TC11 TC12 PP 21
modem SW 11 SW 12
FO link PP 11 PP 12
router
SW P
SW CS

TC01 TC02 TC03 PP CS first floor

FO link SW 02 SW 03
SW 01 PP 02 PP 03
PP 01
Document: 7. Cross Connection

position connection patch description

PP CS-1 EF modem ISP connection
PP CS-2 PP 01-1 SW CS-1 uplink to SW01
PP CS-3 PP 01-2 SW CS-2 uplink to SW02
PP CS-4 PP 01-3 SW CS-3 uplink to SW03
PP CS-5 PP 01-4 SW CS-4 uplink to SW04
…… …… …… ……
PP CS-xx TOxx SW CS-xx to a Telcom. Outlet
---- modem router patch from modem to router
---- router SW CS-yy patch from router to switch
Document: LEGEND
optical fiber (802.3 ab)
second floor

8. LAN Diagram UP
SW 21
UTP (802.3 ab, Gigabit)
UTP (802.3u Fast Ethernet) FO
legacy (USB, Lpt, Com)
wireless prt uff uff

TLC Uff. biblio.

UP SW 11
modem router SW CS
FO FO
bibli bibli dirig prn

SW P scan
Magazzino
server
UP
SW 12

mag mag

Sala prest. Sala ric.

Sala cons.
SW 01 UP SW 02
UP SW 03 UP
FO
pres pres prt uff pres pres pres
prn prn AP
mob
Atrio mob
self

self
Document: 9. Active Devices Specifications
Making a UTP patch cable
1. Strip off the jacket for about
2,5 cm.
2. Separate out the 4 pairs of
wires
3. Untwist and organize the wires
according to the proper colour
code and flatten the wires
(T568A or T568B).

4. Maintain the colour order

and flatness of the wires,
then clip their length so that
a maximum of 1.2 cm of
untwisted wire is present.
 Making a UTP patch cable
5. Insert ordered wires into RJ-45
plug; make sure jackets are inserted
into plug.

6. Push the wires in firmly enough to

make sure the conductors are all
visible when you look at the plug
from the end.
7. Inspect the colour code and jacket
location to be sure they are correct.
8. Insert the plug firmly into the crimp
tool and crimp down completely.
Fiber Optic
connectors
Mini-Glossary
Vocabulary
ST (Straight Tip) A fiber-optic connector which uses the
bayonet style coupling.
SC type of fiber optic connector (Structured Connector)
optical connector with a push-pull mating design.
Commonly referred to as Structured Connectors or
Stick and Click.
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) a cable that consists of two
or more insulated conductors in which each pair of
conductors are twisted around each other.
RJ45 Registered Jack-45, a telephone connector that holds
up to eight wires, used in Ethernet devices
T568A/B color coding used for normal network cabling
Vocabulary
OSI Open Systems Interconnection, the 7-layers suite of
protocols designed by ISO committees to be the
international standard computer network architecture
MDF Main Distribution frame, a distribution frame on one
part of which terminate the permanent outside lines
entering the central office building and on another part
of which terminate the subscriber line multiple cabling,
trunk multiple cabling, etc.
MMF Multimode Fiberoptic Cable, fiberoptic cable in which
the signal or light propagates in multiple modes or
paths
Vocabulary
10Base-T An Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
(IEEE) 802.3 working group designing a
specification for 10 Mbps CSMA/CD baseband local
area networking (LAN) transmission commonly
called Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring.
100Base-T A specification for 100 Mbps - commonly called
Fast Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring.
1000Base-T A IEEE 802.3z working group designing a
specification for 1000 Mbps - commonly called
Gigabit Ethernet.
wiring diagram A point to point, highway or airline wiring format
which defines the wiring path and color code of
wire to and from apparatus components.
Vocabulary
wire A single metallic conductor, usually solid-drawn and
circular in cross section
shielded cable Cable with metal tape shield wrapped around the
insulated conductors.
twisted pair Insulated wire in which pairs are twisted together.
rack A structure on which equipment is mounted
patch panel A generic device that allows for organizing and
connecting the copper and fiber optic cables
power cord A three-wire (sometimes two-wire) cord used to
make connection with an AC public power supply
Vocabulary

layout A proposed or actual arrangement or allocation of

equipment
ground An intentional or accidental connection between an
electric circuit or its housing and the ground (earth)
fiber optics Thin filaments of glass through which light beams are
transmitted over long distances and which can carry
enormous amounts of data
cable A single wire or group of individual wires in a single
sheath
cable riser Cable running vertically in a multi-story building to
serve the upper floors.
Vocabulary
cable run Conduit used to run cables through a building. Also the
path taken by a cable or group of cables.
cable tray Steel trough erected above equipment racks to support
cable runs in an equipment room
conduit A device used to hold, organize, and protect electrical
or optical cables
cross connection - A mapping between two channels or paths at a
network device
backbone The main connectivity device of a distributed system.
All systems that have connectivity to the backbone
connect to each other
antenna A device for transmitting or receiving, or transmitting
and receiving signals
Vocabulary
structured cabling is a set of standards that determine how to wire
a building for data or voice communications
cable pathway systems providing horizontal, vertical and
backbone pathways from your data room to
your workstations
cable runway o Ladder Rack, horizontal, vertical and
backbone pathways for your computer room,
telecommunications room and data center
closet a cabinet or enclosed recess for
telecommunications devices
demarcation point the location within a building where the lines
from the telephone company connect to the
customer's lines.
Vocabulary
interbuilding

intrabuilding

outlet

telecommunication outlet

jack

horizonthal pathway

entrance facility
Vocabulary
building backbone

campus backbone

building distributor

floor distributor

campus distributor

cross connect

main cross connect

Vocabulary
intermediate cross connect

transition point

patch cord