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    15 views4 pages

    Geometry of Circles Theorems

    Uploaded by

    Darryan Dhanpat

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    FAS-PASS: Maths 20. GEOMETRY OF THE CIRCLE PARTS OF THE CIRCLE, When we speak of a circle we may be refering to the plane figure itself or the boundary of the shape, called the citeumference, In solving problems lving the eirele, we must be familiar with several theorems, In onder to understand these theorems, we review the names given to pars ofa citcle Diameter and chord P ‘The straight line joining any two points on the citele is ealleda chord. ‘A diameter i8 a chord that passes through the center of the circle. It is, therefore, the longest possible chord of a circle, Inthe diagram, O's the center ofthe circle, AB is a diameter and PQ is also a chord, Ares, major arc PQ ‘nino ae PQ. > An are of a cirele isthe part of the cireumference ‘ofthe circle that is eut off by a chord. The shorter length is called the minor are and the longer length is called the major are. If the chord PO is a diameter, the ares are equal in length and in this special case, there are no minor or major ares. Segments ‘The region that is encompassed between an arc and chord is called a segment, The region between the chord and the minor ate is called the minor segment. The region between the chord and the major are is called the major segment. If the chord isa diameter, then both segments are equal and are called semi-circles. Sectors a ‘The region that is enclosed by any two radii end an are is called a sector. If the region is bounded by the 1wo radii and a minor are, then itis ealled the minor sector. the region is bounded by two mail and the major atc itis called the major sector. 186 Copyright © 2018, Some Rights Reserved. www faspassmats.com FAS-PASS: Maths 2 The omg oe cba G “Thetaget ts cxkare ‘Toe tget tte cece < ‘Any straight line that ‘ust touches? a circle at only ‘one point, i called the tangent to the crele at that point. There can be only one tangent drawn to a Citele ata point. CIRCLE THEOREMS ‘A theorem isa statement of geometrical truth that has ‘been proven fiom facts already proven or assumed. In ‘our study of theorems at this level, we will not present the proofs. For convenience, the theorems presented below are numbered from 1-9. When referring o a theorem, we must be careful to quote it fully which is called its general enunciation. AB isa chord ofa cieele, center 0. If OMis perpendicular to 4B, then OM bisects 4B, and AM = BM, eee Pred eer) Sice OM bie cd A th tc oft chor Hone, OMe paper ania OWA = OMB = 90 AB isa diameter ofthe circle and Cis a point on the circumference, Hence, ‘2ACB = 90” 187 Copyright © 2018, Some Rights Reserved. www faspassmaths.com FAS-PASS. Maths AB is a chord, X and ¥ are two points on the ‘circumference, inthe same segment, Hence AXB = AYB Is important to note thatthe angles subtended by the chord, in the other or alternate segment, are also equal to each other. Note that angles in the same segment are equal ‘once they sland on the same chord. ‘The angles labelled asx are in the major segment and the angles labelled y are in the minor segment of this cic, [Note also that xis not equal toy, AB isa chord of the cirele, center 0. C lies on the circumference, The angle subtended atthe center is AOB. The angle subtended at the circumference is ACB. Hence, AOB =2ACB. ‘This theorem is also applicable to the reflex angle AOB, but in this ease, it will be twice the angle ‘subtended by 42 in the altemate segment, ie L\ Le™ Se [Note that the reflex angle AOB is wwice the angle inthe altemate segment. That is Reflex 408 = 2» ADB 188 Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com 3 a A eyelic quadrilateral has all ofits four vertices on the circumference of a ire. Supplementary angles add up to 180!, Since 4, 8, ‘Cand Dall lie on the eitcumference of the circle, A+C=B+D=180 ‘The converse is also true, That is, i the opposite angles of quadrilateral are supplementary, the quadrilateral isc 5 * ne center ofthe circle ‘SATis the uangent tothe circle at. ‘Therefore, OAT = 04S =90 Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Re F Inthe above diagram, O4 and OB are the two tangents drawn ffom an external point, ‘Therefore O4= OB. s 4 a In the above diagram, B47 is the angle between the tangent SAT and chord, 4 at 4, the point of contact. Angle ACB is the angle in the alternate ‘segment. ‘Therefore

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