@ te neo] ee 28 moeaHe, Around 1040, the Chinese artisan and inventor Bi Sheng invented the earliest known moveable type printing system, which used baked clay characters cut as thin as the edge of a coin. The first metal moveable type printing system wasn't developed until two hundred years later during the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. This invention resulted in the printing of the earliest moveable metal type printed book, Jikji, an anthology of teachings by Buddhist priests. However, due to the considerable amount of labor required to produce the full Chinese character set, neither of these moveable type systems was widely used, and block printing remained the most widely used printing method. Ht LS USS AA Wofojoy Ss FBO] AN| SCHoWA| PAAOS OM BS al Stier] SOHSLICH. ‘Around 1040, the Chinese artisan and inventor Bi Sheng invented the earliest known moveable type printing system, “whichused baked clay characters cut as thin as the edge of a coin. SH 1O40OM, SALI BIO‘ WAPe wlo| Yo1 WeSC AA gave! 7S AF ALAM, Tate AbgarRECt BH ate Suol 7a ee 7H wee SNES 718 Bx eH Ala at REBUM): EMH The first metal moveable type printing system wasn't developed until two hundred years later during the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. AIAOI71S BAMA CIM ARS 7HRISIR! BOICT 200 SHAT Tay AIH Bet BRON EB 22 715 aaa oalaw ‘eid ON: AO ara This invention resulted in the printing of the earliest moveable metal type printed book, Jikj, an anthology of teachings by Buddhist priests. “1 WOHE SAI CAH NAGS! Wee OPIRICE A1¢S| 7H Be INES OIME! MO IATSL LHR, ALON OfB! ea gue (REID 718 Beare size cunet suet RE ying SHH O44): BB UHBON CHEE BORDON FAL xLAL However, due to the considerable amount of labor. required to produce the full Chinese character set, neither of these moveable type systems was widely used, and block printing remained the most widely used printing method. SHIR BE BO SSA MBO QE gIBIS CISTI HH WLM, 01 TSA St ALAMO) 3 OF IE we ARBE g SUH, BE eHRO! ERICH 7A EL AIBEL eI woe (RDS S487} s.uect ga euteo| cl wel ose (BRE oppor wasicsesl: Mee OfOICION SEE ea Unit 3 Bet 2 MONON 1OfOIMA AIO] SY F Site WAO|A| YS MSS WS SS VE SOi7t SI SP, SHES! lots S71 HAH Olol CHD PSS SHRICHE ZURILICH. ONY AHF APSEH= 1 PBOl NEC 0] OFA BO| HE SOI St ACH, AAHE ZOt & SOO} CH! BOIL} Ho ABOja-n AzpoHD SHOES SLICh. + becalled -2 {2c} eis called the iPhone x. Phone Xo ae ee21 + known as ~2 2242! Astronomers have detected traces of an organic compound known as methylchloride. teethy chlordels Sirsiei BOLE TIS, + that -2 We are trying to help firms in a way that is not traditional. Sigelonay2 SSSR AOIN EDR A + so-called 49) BOK ‘The so-called ove hormone! oxytocin, may make you more fearful of new socal situations. ‘opjocings wee! ole ata) ‘Oxytocin FE HF AP + this means ol ~ 2I0I9iCt People who have matching blood groups are said to be ‘compatible: This means they could give or receive eachothers blood necessary. Sigrid GoleNelConpetble SOIR 2 a — + OS] BEMOS CHE ADHERE OI eA}a weIeC ‘PECTS wm oles Wels 971 NEIRS| BAG Lo} Fale Site BBAOIX| Ye woe Seo) Sein x1 Bot AM Boke: M2 SAE SEND] Yes MES ADIL! YS CIR FLIP w+ BCL YO] SAIS ABS “OBE BETOIAIY Of HS A| La WORE FUT > CS 2 SIO, 42 sol01gs# READING StartWarm-up test @ 119.29) Sem ects a EHF SIAO1 SLICE. 2t S01 FO ofo|cjojera| Het ofo|clofelx| mat 2%, 01 BISS tt Stel 7A SHS US, In contemporary society, the family unit serves as the basis of social organization. Family structure can be widely defined, but it is generally formed via relations through birth or marriage. The family unit's key function is providing the framework for the production and introduction of new members into the given society. Thus, the family institution is responsible for the socialization of children, preparing them for membership within the community and ensuring the permanence of a larger social identity. (D In early agricultural and hunting communities, the social structure tended to be based on a tribal rather than a family pattern, 2) Although the family is the most common social grouping, ‘organization. not the only type of social (2 One of the advantages of the tribal structure is that children can be cared for by a wide group of adults, thus increasing the community's prospects of survival and continuation. @ This is still the cas traditional lifestyles. social groups like Amazonia and African tribes that maintain their ‘One example of tribal organization is the Yanomami people, located in the Amazon. They organize their communities through shared responsibilities rather than family relations. Such a structure is beneficial for the Yanomami’s mainly horticultural society. This means the members work together to grow and harvest crops for the whole community. The tribal organization also emphasizes generational grouping over familial, so. a member's role in the society changes as he or she grows older. Units B72 HEF 43@ Answers Incontemperary society, the family unit serves _ asthe basis of social organization. ‘RH AFSIONM, 71 CIPI CIS CE Atel BAl0) aztoe Family structure can be widely defined, but tis generally formed via relations _ through birth or marriage. WSFHE BO VIS Ct SIC! OSPPAE) OS VSS BB SH BY RS AER Se ‘The family unit's key function . is providing the framework _ for the production and introduction of new members into the given society. 7H LA BH 75S APE ASOTS AOI} ANAS PASEO] BI ATH ate oes AL ‘Thus, the family institution is responsible for the socialization of children, _ preparing them for membership ‘within the community and ensuring the permanence of a larger social identty. AIDE, 7/5 MSE ALO] SICt Ofolo} APSISION CHst SR (OHOISR) AbSI HHS] FBO] SIS SyA\7/D AaID BSNS GBI She BH BRIO 2 Although the familys the most common socal grouping, itis not the only type of social organization. ‘iS THES TH BIO! ApOIAY tHOAIGH, 01240] Ab] —FAAOY ISH LICE EEEIEED 7/5210] US! AIS] BIO] Otel > Ab AHR 2 BEER 72 Of0ICIOF: SHE 1) Inearly agricultural and hunting communities, . the social structure tended to be based on a tribal rather than a femily pattern, A712] SAA FE AIO, ANE FAS YS Tivol BOIRICH 7HRSECHS (RRS 271 491-29 HPI AfeR 7B OI OL Pa BY FE 5421 OFOICIO: OFA! 3) One of the advantages of the tribal structure is that children can be cared for bya wide group of adults, thus increasing _ the community's prospects of survival and continuation AFRIAUPASOME OSS ATS WS + S90} cig Sele IBoH Oleh, “I Bat SreHCHE Olt SSMe| AT XFS] AO! EEUD F572} Of STIMETION CHD eI —- 7S} 9 SUO| O1F (SHH ME Bi X14 Phe BHO 28 ETT $e ojolclok es {This is stil the case in social groups like Amazonia and African tribes that maintain their vaditional Ifestyles Ol FAS SAE) OFM] TAIVICH ODLRL ofS} oRA}AE HABE VE AVS! IOI HS] NBA WAS XID BE EUINE eHonS Assia Ve 4s FHS} O12 OIOH-ALIONS} OFmEpPT Hm AIA] ESET $01 OfOICIoF: Ona) + CHS SIRT UH SIAL 4G “olo1gt# READING Start(One example of tribal organization / isthe Yanomami people, located in the Amazon. SHAN AAO] VE OHAKE / OFDIN| AIC / OfOHBOH SIA! ‘They organize their communities through shared responsibilities ratherthan family relations. OBLOMOIO| FE) PALI SSMS / SRE Aes SoH 7A BACHE Such a structure is beneficial for the Yanomami's mainly horticultural society, _ which means the members, ‘work together to grow and harvest crops for the whole community. Olaigt PAE ROMICH OF -O}OIo) HEI HoH ALSIOH O12 (ROL ALI) PIBO YA IOS AS LK AVS 71 27 shore 26S / Al BHA FH ‘The tribal organization also emphasizes / generational grouping over familial,“ so a members role in the society ‘changes ashe or she grows older. OLRM PEE EO YACHT BOB he WC! ACHE UES US AS / TAHA ANBIONM PALS] of OL /BHACE / FBO] Lotion met (Gad # SLO] USS AICO] ALT FRE 71H SAIS 7IMOR etch YOI-T, atvimy Beto] YRS sea ELAI7} 71H et ‘SISSCt SASHES OO}O] SAO CHEE AIBIEILICE. AIO Fymy SIS 7 CIPI7t SICH APS! TH ELPIAHE ZB ‘iS AOS AO, PAA SPH= 7HMO] 7H, HAASION CHS 2195 I2]D oH chet OLALS O]O}x|t= 201 AIRIARE uct EE @ FE © SAE OM) ~ © HARA) - @ FABOW| + cH et UB BAN) Unit 3 2222 mlei71 4BOfO|C]O} AZ ES Uy OMICIO= US B74 SOM Chet OIZISI, 2}249] OfO|CO}S ABS VS WPIoe S 7)7¢ seuct. &Y Aen GIS GSO] Sat VS UAB APBOK= GHVLICH Atta] MH BAILt Ola BAS LEH Eto, DN 2S SALE WAAP|= Clo}, O12} BAB ApSoioj Size Horse tol S chest SS 7} ‘Bl ABO} AIS US| OfO|CjoS Zoe] HAASE] MAILICH. & Heim BIS IF SLO LPS! HOM AOL] HoH AAT AASOKE VVLICL. SF SIL] USS AIA Hl AESLE WAY + le GOR, USS] SASS HAN + AO SRS YRS MS + ASLICH. ABO} AHOSS Ofe| alofeiches xpMiet HSS 9171 HOIRHE RIO! SEF Zo] BAS mOISHE 201 7hsBI0%, Lot 71H WIS] 3BS Moses S80] SLICE ~$2H0H during, in the meantime, meanwhile, while ret as PPTL gto, as early as arse RHE fist i CHROE next, subsequently, afterwards, later, after, then, following which, ater that 23 1 BAZ consequently, therefore, thereby, thus, as a result, so, hence sat ‘O7EAIE likewise, in the same way, equally HE ‘W2I0H_ whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, nevertheless, in spite of, however, yet, while UME —_~2EBL if, when, although, even so, even though OHA O18 01 for example, for instance, toillustrate wt ACHE moreover, furthermore, in addition, not only ~ but also 46 “ororRs READING StartHIAlO1 ‘HOH LES BAHL SAS Ola MOM tH, CHES] PERSP ISIC IB ASHE AAO SLICt. Woe Bayer ‘SOHS FOWME Of X/ALOI7E ALSOH= 240] OCIA] NOLOF SILICH. FE ANBOHS ALAIOHES ALAICHBALE BHAICH BAS, Ake Sato] JOH Meet CHE ALAS ARBALICH. 1, IAICHSAt SPGANE ANSE MHOWt: CHES! CHRLALS! this, that, itS APSO S+OUHS A/et i= $4949! these, those, they ANSEILICL 2 ESOILt FB] 7 MSS APR Ui CE BANS ANBRILICE. this 0124 that 24 aay these 0124S (thiso| 44:83) those 31215 (that2| 88) they 1248 (itol S-8) + Although the family is the most common social grouping, it is not the only type of social organization. 1B 7S 7H IAI A} IOLA, O1zte Apel 720) Rete BME OHLICE fay 2, BPAICHSAE Ol) LES ARIUS AIMEE MS who, AHBBIAHE X/M8t Miii= which APBRILICK QF Sz AME A} aH which AB eUct, + Twain saw the Australian gold rushes which had begun in 1851. Selle 1851M0) ASEH SF BE AB wich = gold shes (8 EXERCISE Cg 28S U2 WH @ A1Al017t Bots AS ROHAN. Often when a food has spoiled, it will smell bad. This leads many to believe that no stench means a food is safeto eat. aa = A ol Lie GAM a food *}I04, hike 97 AM UES AIAOED SLI. (Often when a food has spoiled, it wil smell bad. This leads many to believe that no stench means a food is safe to eat ‘AOL 8h! (OPA) AP! Le 25971 It. OLAS Be AYO OR SHAKE GORI BAO] AIIM IEIOKCE A eC Unit 4 ofoicio} 240] aH mISHeH7] 47@ Hew Ba F2 OICIOVS AAS AOILt Fo SAloe OfoCho4 zt BeAAZE Of ARIAT MISTOH ALS, Historical records show that the Olympic Games were first staged as early as 776 BC on the plains of Olympia" in ancient Greece. Afterwards, the games took place every four years for over, a thousand years, until 393 AD, when they were prohibited by the Roman emperor Theodosius. Fifteen hundred years later, in 1896, the first modern summer Olympics were held in Athens and have continued ever since, having been cancelled on only three occasions during the First and Second World War. snelAsl was MAA HE A BOR HEHE 20h 3: 91 geimIo 2717 HHS cr ABO AAS ASSAY 2} SS USS ZYOM PSOE ASE! AAO A/AlOp= Cheat SLC. Historical records show that the Olympic Games were first staged as early as 776 BC_onthe plains of Olympia in ancient Greece. AM TIS SOKECE BEIM AGIO| O}0| IRA 7760 AROS AISICHE AB Def T2|AS| SeInIo} Belo Afterwards, the games took piace every four years for over a thousand years, until 393 AD, when they were prohibited by the Roman emperor Theodosius. 2%, A BYY AS vwAISIICH IOC HO] ete AIze Ree aes OICH, 447] ZOSLIMIRL, IL ARIGO! XIE oH Bor BHI BIE AISADI Ole Fifteen hundred years later, in 1896, the first modem summer Olympics were held in Athens and have continued ever since, having been cancelled on only three occasions “during the First and Second World Wer. TSO HO! 189G HOH, AAO] HCH G74 VIB AYO] OMIA BRO] OF XHSIT ee], 24} 3 to] BPowe MHAISIA RCH AAAE MPACHABE MIZE MACH BLE 48 “oj0lgt# READING StartEXERCISE X12014 WB 21 XIAO} Lehi FH HES MEAD, New Zealand is becoming an increasingly popular destination for overseas visitors. It attracts tourists and people on business, but the vast majority come as students. Mostly from Asian countries, they stay for anything from a few weeks to a few years or more, studying at language schools, colleges and universities. New Zealand can offer good homestay accommodation, a clean and beautiful environment and a reasonable cost of tuition. These factors attract an ever-increasing number of overseas students, accounting for millions of dollars in revenue for New Zealand. te I-ASUANE XIAIOH, theyie SACIAHE ZISISHe ALAICHRAS AMBSISLICE. “2/7 these factorsowat factors(Q24)= MAPS SSO HOE USS SHOl St COS RH + Qe CHOl= AtSst AILICT. ALSOEDAL SHE LSO| F 7H OLNO|DE +80 factorsH ASSAM, —I Yo} ASt XLAlO(= #480! these TEARBSIMELICE. BT this, that, these, thoset BAt HSS SHIH BBA SHE St + Qe AAOIALICH. New Zealand is becoming “an increasingly popular destination / for overseas visitors. //Itattracts ESA New Zealand Xe tourists and people on business, /but the vast majority come as students. SURES SE OIC / A 9171 Ste OFA Hol BarABOIAA //O1NS BSA PISS BoWwoMe, /HERE qgoe OF Hoc Mostly from Asian countries, / they stay / for anything from a few weeks to a few years or more, GABA students (most rom Asian counties) 31 studying at language schools, colleges and universities. CHPRES| OfAOF ATIOLM @, / UHLOWZCH / OG 21 FHeH 9 FOL MRE = OL 712+ Bo, oft, AE eat 2] TLERRIONA BePOHIAY New Zealand can offer ‘good homestay accommodation, a clean and beautiful environment and a reasonable cost of tuition. // These factors attract / an ever-increasing number of overseas students, {00d homestay aecommedation, a lean and beaut envionment, reasonable cost of ution Biocon 82 accounting for millions of dollars in revenue for New Zealand. FUUSE MSY 4 OIC / SS AHO] 4M}, WRIT OCS We, Tain gelsel BRS / OleIe QTE Boge Ch / BAC RS I PSS / FEMS Meo] SHCISAIE AaTOHRLA, Unit 4 ojoiciot zo a misteH71 49Warm-up test @ Age 9208 ene Zoe. It turns out building new roads doesn't help to reduce traffic; in fact, it may lead to longer travel times for everyone because more drivers will flow to the new route. Surprisingly, the reverse of this idea may be true: removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions. This paradox exists because each driver selects a route that is best for him or her without taking into account the consequence of his or her choice on other drivers. And it makes sense, as car drivers are only concerned about how ‘many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them. This is another example of a classic problem in game theory. 1 What does this paradox’ refer to in this text? 2 What does'this' indicate in this text? 50 *ojorg42s READING Start@ Answers It turns out / building new roads doesn't help to reduce traffic; in fact, it may lead to longer travel times for everyone | because more drivers will low to the new route. ONE HOCH MES SEE UH HS DEAS BOM] SHO SIA] IECHE AO: / AH, 01242(building new roads) BE O18 0] 01S 11KB CH aI PE ICH / HAH! CI Se VaITH sO] AMS zloH Bela 200171 cH ole, Surprisingly, the reverse ofthis idea may be true: “removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions. SBP, 0] 4821(bullding new roads to reduce traffic)S| HS AIA + ICE: / SSH BO! UNS DS VBS TRAALRL SS SUCH 2AOIC. ‘This paradox exists because each driver selects a route that is best for him or her / without taking into account the consequence of his orher choice on other drivers. 24 2144(removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions) BAHPICE / HLYSHRA 2t SAAR AAO APS 9] 2g NOISHT| MHBOICE / HALL KHOI CH SAXON O|Ale= BATH DeAOH| ED ‘And it makes sense, "as car drivers are only concemed about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them. This another example of a classic problem in game theory. e|D 01%42(paradox) BO] SIC} / LISI AGA SUNSS OA Dee BOI} / IH gIoH Aoi BS AGO! ek EXION OHH / 5 Slo glt= ARES AZtOHA QLD HHS 0} Bol(car drivers are only concerned about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them) AAG] O18 LiS= 12I4el SAFO] CHE OLO|Ch, 1 What does ‘this paradox’ refer to this text? 01 X}B0IA4 ‘this paradox71 72PIS WBE #9101717 EXD this paradox0H] thist= Gol LS USS AVS Od ANGE! IAIOIVILICY. le}? a LISS ade O} 4249} atu the reverse ofthis idea)Ol@H= 440] L127 0120] uke paradow( Shara) BIE! AIRAICY Che this paradoxt= 01M L420] 42491 Oras bh OIZT, “O| Sa"O| Wolke 1S SV BO! MS DS A BHMAIE FE RICKS AIICH. [EEE removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions 2 What does'this’indicate in thistext? 0} KIBO ‘this 7t 727 He UBS PRON? (Ga BE] FOIE MOI thist= Gol LES PEBAL SSB AA USS ISH Poll ABEL ALIGHIAFBILICE. 0} this DERIBHS HOI AQ) O1BOI- Fk DEIAIC! SHO] SE CHE OI HOO! soit HBS LM SaOlat armas, ct SUAPE OM! 9 SE WN MRNA SATHSS IS Glod VOW HS ABO] e-xIoH HoH Sa] ete wt 7 Fl QU ARS PION] CHolee AS + VELL. [GIBB car drivers are only concerned about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them, Unit 4 ofoicio} ze} an ere] 51