Hey, today? Nitu has brought potato sabzt Thave got Wow! Aman's. hunch box has) sweet puries/ you talke same Ob! Nitu. F think, phéeti J your potato + How did Aman know spoilt? * Have you ever seen some food thg#has got spoilt? How did you know that it was gfoiled? potato sabzi. What = had eaten it? * Preeti told Nitu not to eat would have happened if‘CHAPTER -4 MANGOES ROUND THE YEAR 1. How did Aman know that the potato sabji had got spoiled? Ans. He came to know this from its smell. 2. Have you ever seen some food that has gone spoiled? How did you know that it has supplied? Ans. Yes | have seen foods that have gone spoiled. When the food spoils, it smells bad and its colour also changes. 3. Preeti told Nitu not to eat the potato sabji. What would have happened if she had eaten it? Ans. If Nitu had eaten the potato sabji, she might have fallen ill.Write + Look in your kitchen and write down names of food items that - ean get spoilt in 2-3 days ss - ean be kept for a week Oe - would not spoil till one month —__.§ ____ _____ Look at your friend's list and discuss in the class. Will your list be the same in all seasons? What would change? When food gets spoilt in your house, what do you do with it?4, Look at your friend’s list and discuss in the class. Ans. My friend’s list has almost the same foods like milk, dal, roti, cooked rice, green vegetables, etc. which can get spoiled in two or three days. Potato, onion, some sweets like murabba etc. Can last upto a week and rice flour, pulses, spices, ghee, pickles can easily be used upto a month or even more. 5. Will your list be the same in all reasons? Ans. In winters, green vegetables may not spoil in two three days. Similarly, if pickles, murabba etc. are not kept safe from moisture in rainy season, they may get spoiled soon. 6. When food gets spoiled in your house, what do you do with it? Ans. When food gets spoiled in my house, we dump it in garbage box.Biji returned the bread Aman’s Biji went to the market to buy bread. The shop was very crowded. The shopkeeper picked up a packet of bread and gave it to Biji, She looked at it and returned it immediately. + Look at the picture of the bread packet here and guess why Biji returned it? + How did she find that the bread had got spoilt’? Find out Look carefully at two-three packets of food items: * What can we know from what is written on the packet? ¢ When you buy anything from the market, what do you look for on the packet?7. Look at the picture of the bread packed here and guess why Biji returned it? How did she find the bread had got spoiled? Ans. Biji returned the bread because it's expiry date would have been passed. The expiry date of a branded food product is usually mentioned on it. 8, What can we know from what is written on the packet? Ans. We know about the price, weight, manufacturing date and expiry date of the products. 9. When you buy anything from the market, what do you look for on the packet? Ans. I check out its manufacturing and expiry dates, its maximum retail price (MRP) and its weight,How does food get spoilt? he whole class can do this experiment together. Take a piece of bread or roti. Sprinkle a few drops of water on it, and put itin a box. Close the box. See the bread or roti everyday until you find some changes on it. Make this table on a chart papet and put it up in the classroom. Fill up the chart every day after discussing the changes seen. 2. 3. 4. 5. * Find out the reason for these changes, From where did the fungus come on the bread? * Different kinds of food items spoil due to different reasons, Some foods spoil soon, some stay good for long. List some seasons and conditions in which food spoils quickly.10. The whole class can do this experiment together. Take a piece of bread or roti. Sprinkle a few drop of water on it, and put in a box. Close the box. See the bread or roti everyday until you find some changes on it. Make this table on a chart paper and put it up in the classroom. Fill up the chart everyday after discussing the changes seen. Ans. Changes in the Bread or Roti Day By touch By Smell By : By colour Through hand lens 1 Clammy, Soft | Lighting stinking smell Normal Normal ‘A velvet like whit 2 -do- -do- Slightly white| layer 3 Moist, soft _| Stinking smell -do- White Greenish-whit 4 -do- -do- coloured =a Greenish: é white like structures Green-coloured 5 -do- -do- ‘Small grass Green Like structures 6 -dlo- od coloured small Se <8 a black Grass like structures 11. Find out the reason for these changes? From where did the fungus come on the bread? Ans. These changes occur due to the rotten of the bread. The spores of fungus are present in the air which begin to grow when they get a conductive conditions. 12. Different kinds of food items spoil due to different reasons. Some foods spoil soon, some stays good for long. List some seasons and conditions which food spoils quickly. Ans. Food spoils quickly in the rainy and summer seasons. Conditions in which food spoils quickly: (@) It cooked food is left open. Gi) If milk is not boiled properly. Gii) If green vegetables are not kept in a cool place e.g. refrigerator. (Gv) If pickles. murabba etc. are not produced from moisture.* Given below are some food items and some simple methods by which these could be kept fresh for 1-2 days. Match the correct pairs:AE ET Summer treat - Mamidi tandra Chittibabu and Chinnababu live in Atreyapuram town in Andhra Pradesh. The brothers spend the summer holidays playing in the mango garden, when the trees are full of fruits. They also like to eat unripe mangoes with salt and chilly powder. At home, their mother cooks unripe mangoes in different ways. She also makes many kinds of mango pickles, The pickles last through the year until the next mango season. One evening, while having food Chinnababu asked, “Amma, we have so many mangoes. Make some mamidi tandra (aam papad) from them.” Their father said, “Making mamidi tandra needs four weeks of hardwork, If you both promise to help us everyday for the next four weeks, we can together make the mamidi tandra.” Both the brothers quickly agreed to help, The next day both the children went to the market with their father. They bought a mat woven from the leaves of a palm tree, poles of casuarina tree, string made of coconut husk, some jaggery and sugar,rd. Both the brothers spread out and tied Amma found a sunny place in the back made a high platform by using poles, Th platform, the mat on t The next day, Appa chose the most ripe mangoc large pot, Then they st Phey took d the om the ere out the mango pulp ir pulp through a fine muslin cloth, to remove the fibres pulp, Then Chittibabu crushed the gur (jaggery) till there no lumps, They added the jaggery and sugar in equal amountsto the pulp. Chinnababu mixed the jaggery and sugar well with a big spoon. Amma then spread this pulp into a thin layer over the mat. The thin layer was left to dry in the sun. In the evening, they covered the mat with a clean saree to avoid any dust. The next day they again took out some mango pulp. They added jaggery and sugar into the pulp. Then they spread the pulp over the previous day's layer. This work was given to both the brothers. Both of them together spread many layers over it. For the next four weeks they hoped that it would not rain. For four weeks, they added layer after layer until the jelly grew four centimetres thick and looked like a golden cake. After some days Amma said, “The mamidi tandra is ready, we can take it out and cut it into pieces tomorrow.” The next day, the mat was brought down from the platform. Mamidi tandra was cut into smaller pieces. The brothers tasted it. It was tasty. Chhinnababu said, “Wow, how tasty! After all we have also helped in making it.”ee ' ' ; f Pie SLs Fee aE eT13. Why was sugar and jiggery mixed into the mango pulp and dried in the sun? Ans. ‘To make mamidi tandra (aam papad). 14, Why did Appa first choose the most ripe mangoes to be used for making the mamidi tandra? Ans. To make mamidi tandra, first they bought a mat, casurina, poles, string made of coconut husk, some jiggery and sugar. In a sunny spot in the backyard they made a high platform by using poles and mat, Then in a vessel, they extracted out pulp and juice from ripe mangoes and after adding jiggery and sugar in equal amount, they spread this pulp into a thin layer over the mat. The thin layer was left to dry in the sum. The process was repeated day after day until the layer grew four centimeters thick. Then after a few days, the layer was taken out and cut into pieces, 15. What things are made in your house from ripe and unripe mangoes? Ans. In my house pickles, chutney etc. are made from unripe mangoes and aam papad is made from ripe mangoes.16. Make a list of all the different types of pickles that you know about? Ans, Pickles are made up of (i) Mango (sweet and sour) (ii) Amla (both sweet and sour) ii) Chilli (red and green) (iv) Lemon (wv) Jackfruit (vi) Carrot 17. Is there any kind of pickle made in your house? What kind of pickle is it? Who makes it? From whom did they learn to make the pickle? Ans. Yes, in my house pickles of mango, lemon, amla and chilli are made, My another makes these pickles, She learnt this from her mother. 18, What all things are needed to make any one type of pickle in your house. How is the pickle made? Find out the reage and write. Ans. To make a pickle, the things needed are the fruit or vegetable of which pickle has to made garlic, chillii powder, turmeric powder, ginger, aniseed, methi, salt, mustard oil etc. Procedure to make a pickle: First the fruit or vegetable of which pickle is to be made is cut and dried up thoroughly in the sun, Then after mixing it with all the spices, salt and oil, it is kept in a dry glass jar and left undisturbed for a few weeks, In this way pickles are made,19. How are these things made in your house? Papad, Chutney, Badiyan. Ans. Papad: It is of different types like papad made upf of urad, sago (Saboodnana), potato, etc. To make papad of urad, first urad grains are boiled and grind up. Then salt and different spices are mixed up in it according to one’s taste and a dough is prepared. After that, small pieces of this dough are taken and rolled out to make thin round like structures. These are then dried up. Chuttney; The fruit or vegetable or which the chutney is to be made is grind up and according to taste, salt and spices are added to it, Badiyan: To make badiyan, urad grains are soaked in water and then grind up. After that, salt and spices are added up according to taste, Then small lumps of it are taken and put on a clean cloth and dried up in thesun. 20. It is a two-day journey by train from Pune to Kolkata. If you were to go on this trip, what food items would you carry with you? How would you pack them? Make a list on the blackboard of all the packed food. What food would you eat first? Ans. I will carry those food items which would not get spoiled up to two or three days and will keep these things in dry containers or packets. 1 will carry roti or paranthas, subji, biscuits, chips, fruits, dry fruits, curd, sattu, chiwda, sweets like peda, lady, murabba, etc. First I will consume roti or paranthas, curd and subji, because these can spoil soon. 21, Glass jars and bottles are dried well in the sun before filling them with pickles. Why is this done? Do you remember what happened to the bread in the experiment? Ans. This is done to make these glass jars and bottles moisture free, | do remember what happened to bread in the experiment, When a moist bread was left in a cool, damp place, it spoiled due to fungus. If any moisture is left out in these containers, the result may be the same,ee ie} are! ot ne Rec are! ae Peaiclislele So :7 r SWEETENING