TRAINING &

DEVELOPMENT
 TRAINING
Training is an organized activity for increasing the knowledge and skills
of people for a definite purpose.
It involves systematic procedures for transferring technical know-how
to the employees so as to increase their knowledge and skills for
doing specific jobs with proficiency.
Training is a learning experience in that it seeks a relatively permanent
change in an individual that will improve his or her ability to perform
on the job.
Edwin B. Flippo defines Training as “The act of increasing the skills of
an employee for doing a particular job”.
 TRAINING
Training is provided to improve KSA

❖KNOWLEDGE – The attributes required to perform a job.

(Intellectual or theoretical aspect)
❖SKILLS – the proficient manual, verbal, or mental manipulation of
data or things. (Physical aspect)
❖ABILITIES – the power or capacity to perform an activity or task.
(Analytical and decision making aspect)

The quest for knowledge is universal, knowledge needs to be

transformed into skills.
TRAINING IS GIVEN ON FOUR GROUNDS

New candidates who join an organization

Refresh and enhance their knowledge

Implementation of updates and amendments

Promotion and career growth

IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING
 IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING
• Increase Efficiency
• Helps in Fulfilling the Future Personnel Needs
• Competent and Capable Workforce
• Innovation
• Improving Health and Safety
• Enhance Corporate Image
• Optimum Utilization of Resources
• Reduce Supervision
• Reduce Absenteeism and Labour Turnover
• Better Relations and Improved Organizational Climate
• Personal / Individual Growth of Employees
 OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING PROGRAM
• To Motivate Workforce
• To Develop Positive Attitude
• To Face Challenges Effectively
• To Reduce Wastages and Improve Efficiency
• To Enhance Corporate Image
• To Optimally Utilization of Resources
• To Reduce Absenteeism and Labor Turnover
• To Improve Relations
• To Help in Succession Planning
• To Gain Sustainable Competitive Advantage
TRAINING POLICY OF AN ORGANIZATION

Organizational
Philosophy

Organizational Policy

HRM policy

Training Policy
STEPS IN DESIGNING EFFECTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM

Monitoring
and
Implementation Evaluation
of Training
Selection Programme
of Trainers
Development
Selection of of Training
Trainees Module
Preparation
Establishing of Training
Training Budget
Determining Objectives
the Need
and
Priorities for
Training
 CHALLENGES BEFORE TRAINERS
• Need - Based Training
• Individual Differences
• Scheduling
• Attitude of Trainees
• Training Techniques
• Problem of Language
• Resistance
• Cost – Effectiveness
• Constant Feedback
 MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
According to P. N. Singh, “Management Development is an activity
designed to improve the performance of existing managers, provide a
supply of managers to meet the need of organizations in future and
extend the understanding of the management activity by drawing from
the following three resource areas :
a) Knowledge
b) Experience and
c) Trainee himself”.
It is viewed as a systematic, long term learning process of management
training and growth by which individuals gain and apply knowledge, skills,
insights, and attitudes to manage managers, workers and organizations
effectively.
 MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
Development refers to those activities and programs which have
substantial influence in changing the capacity of an individual to perform
better and increase his potential.
Long term effect of training is development, training is subset of
development.
 PURPOSE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
Purpose Methods/ Techniques
Job Knowledge • On the Job Experience
• Coaching
• Understudy
Organizational Skills • Job Rotation
• Multiple Management
Decision Making Skills • In Basket Exercise
• Business Games
• Case Study
Interpersonal Skills and Teamwork • Role Playing
• Sensitivity Training
Specific Individual Needs • Junior Boards
• Committees
• Programmed Instruction
MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM - TECHNIQUES

On the Job Off the Job

Coaching &
Role Playing
Mentoring

Sensitivity
Understudy
Training

Multiple Conference
Management Training

Committee Programmed
Assignment Instruction

Simulation Techniques – Business Games, In-basket

Exercises, Case Study
 ON THE JOB TECHNIQUES
1. On the Job Coaching & Mentoring: The immediate supervisor
guides the subordinates about various ways and methods and skills
to do the job. He only acts as a guide and provides periodic
feedback.
2. Understudy: In this case an executive is developed to perform the
work or fill the position of his supervisor. It ensures ready supply
of competent people whenever the vacancy arises.
3. Multiple Management Method: In this method, the organization
makes a permanent advisory committee of executives/managers
(Junior Boards), who solve the problem of the organization and
makes recommendation to the top management
 ON THE JOB TECHNIQUES
4. Committee Assignment: A committee is a group of executives
appointed to investigate, take action, make recommendations
regarding some matter relating to the organization. The committee
studies the problems or issues and promotes mutual sharing and
discussions of interest by individuals to arrive at a consensus of
opinions.
 OFF THE JOB TECHNIQUES
1. Role Playing: It may be described as a technique of creating a life
situation, usually one involving conflict between people, and then
having persons in a group to play the parts or roles of specific
personalities.
2. Sensitivity Training: It was originally developed by Kurt Lewin. It is
also called as laboratory training, T Group or Group Dynamic
Training. Here managers are gathered in a place for discussion
sessions and the focus is on aspects such as the ability to listen to
others, ability to communicate, ability to diagnose human problems
correctly, learning to give and receive constructive feedback and
understanding the complexities of group dynamics.
 OFF THE JOB TECHNIQUES
3. Conference Training: A conference is group meeting conducted
according to an organized plan in which the participants seek to
develop the knowledge and understanding by obtaining
considerable amount of oral participation.

4. Programmed Instructions: It is the application of the science of

learning to the task of education and training using computer
applications. The material to be learnt is broken down into very
small units or stages and trainees learn at their own pace.
 OFF THE JOB TECHNIQUES
5. Simulation Techniques: The basic idea is to create or construct a
situation which closely represents the actual one. It is conducted
in a controlled environment on trial basis.
• Business Games - Classroom simulation exercises which are
designed to be representative of the real life condition.
• In basket Training – Participants are given all the material in basket
which will help them to solve the problems.
• Case Study Method: Developed by Christopher C Langdell, here the
facts of the case that needs to be solved or has already occurred in
the organization are given for analysis and decision-making to a
group of participants. They study the problem, analyse it, find
alternatives and give suggestions.
 CASE STUDY
Well Manufacturing Ltd. set up a new machinery at its Nagpur plant.
The company received many orders initially but soon the problems
begun. The machinery started experiencing failure leading to decline in
the quality of product. When discussed with the workers it was found
that machinery manuals were not translated in English language which
led to a very haphazard use.

Explain how a formal orientation programme would have helped in

the above case
 CASE STUDY – TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Mr. Swaroop is an energetic MD of medium scale manufacturing firm
in Bhubaneswar. He has been recently gone for a T-Group training.
He was mighty impressed. He wanted to introduce his training to his
own managers.
Mr. Swaroop called his G.M(Personnel) Mr. Patnaik and directed him
to take steps so that T-Group training can be introduced as an in
house management development program. G.M(P) was however not
very enthusiastic and kept postponing the program with some reason
or other. When there was opportunity M.D got Mr. Patnaik
transferred to another unit. In his place he promoted Mr. Vineeth as
G.M(P). The first task he gave to Mr. Vineeth was to organize T-Group
training.
 CASE STUDY – TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Infact Mr. Vineeth was also exposed to T- Group training elsewhere.
This he thought is an added advantage to introduce such training as a
regular in house program. Mr. Vineeth however had different views. He
suggested to MD that T-Group training as in house program is not a
good thing to do.
Instead be proposed to send selected managers alone should to
undergo T-Group training.

Questions:
1.Why both GM(P) were against T- Group training?
2.Why MD is insisting on T-Group training?
 REFERENCES
1. Aswathappa, K., Human Resource Management: Text and cases.
Delhi:Tata McGraw-. Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2008
2. Gary Dessler, “A Framework for Human Resource Management”,
Pearson
3. M. Nair and T. V. Rao, “Excellence through HRD”, Tata Mc Graw Hill,
classic
4. William J. Rothwell and H. C. Kazanaz – Planning & Managing
Human Resources, Jacob Publishing House, 2nd Edition.
5. Sharma, Nagpal,Training and Development, BMS,Vipul Prakashan
6. Nagpal, Human Resource Management, M. Com Part II, Sem 3,
Sheth Publishers.
 Thank You

Dr. Parveen Nagpal

www.linkedin.com/in/dr-parveen-kaur-nagpal-82965b15