Unit 3 Future forms: plans and intentions ‘We can use be gvng the present continuous and will to alle about future plans decisions and arrangements What are you going toda this veckend? When are oe meeting your friend? as do’ ied fetch a, wel ake she us will and be going to for predictions ‘oe will ging for frre preiccon, We rallye fe gong whens pec based on song Dene, orcle hen we ca see ht something bappen Lenk tb dar les I going to in He bam ued ery ach He going til com soand such Soand nich have a similar meaning to very. ‘Use before an adjective Ie-aas so bot tha i oa impo 0 werk Use mich before a noun phrase. Ie-wac such a nice day tho oe deve reat utride. Real conditionals GRAMMAR FOCUS ‘We often use the present continuous when plan is more fixed, for example arrangements with other people or travel, arrangements He's leaving tomorrow. He bas bought his tickets) Het visting bi un nest werk (Ths is his plan.) ‘We use will tlk about plans which are made spontaneously, at the time of speaking, ‘Doyen ant 20 goo tonight? “OK, PU mes you a eve! Use perhaps probaly and definitely to say how likely a prediction fs, Use porbop atthe beginning ofa sentence. Use jrebeby and ‘finitely before che main verb, They'l probably win the mat He lak very confident, He's definitely going to path exam. Perhaps 20 phone me tonight. After the adjective or noun phrase we use esha clause totale about resle. That can sometimes be omitted, Tsar apy that Teed. Tess excited I ouddn’t sleep. Be careful not to confise and uh Femensecnidsentbonshancimetintde Tress such cold eather that we raged inst. Zero conditional ‘Flaws Main clause ] 17 When ‘you, et «present simple or imperative | ‘Use che zero conditional co ale about things cha always happen fn cermin conditions If te temperature drops to 2ra degrees or below, water frezes. First conditional ifelause Main clause a + present simple yo. ew willan/oul/might (not) + verb oF imperative ‘Use the frst conditional to talk about a posible fare situation, by on of treo l ge en tb sad ne fr bal prise.Unit 3 Exercises Future forms: plans and intentions 1 Complete the exe with the correct form ofthe verb in brackets to express future plans, Use the present continuous when possible ‘At GreenSpecd we are committed tothe planet. We (1) ennct our new enviconmencally-frendly car next year We 2) — (afer) deivers a new experience, combining the exitmenc of diving with the knowledge that they ate protecting the environment. We (3). begin) the production of these new cars next month, andthe testing phase will and going to for predictions 2 Complete the conversations with willor ging. Sometimes ‘oth are posible 1: Fesaid on the news that there — cil this month, ‘a That means tac the price of petrol go up again. T'm glad we sold our ca 2 As Look, our fight delayed, We — meeting 1 Thats OK, they another time, __ bea shorage of efinitely be late forthe probably rearrange i for soand such 3. Use these wards to make sentences about the past with 2 or sch lase night /t/ be / cold /the windows /freze Las night ter cold that the winds froze 1 This morning 1/ be / ized /fill asleep / at my desk. 2 Yeserday’/be/ hot day /we / spend / the day in ehe park. 3 Te/be/ lte/ the shops / be / closed. Real conditionals 4 Is the speaker certain or not certs about the event inthe second clause? 1 you touch that, you'll brn yourself [we have time, we might se the pyramids. 1f you burn something, the smoke alarm goes off [be comes to Alaska, he always vst, fie works, I may buy another one. [fie doesn't snow, we should be abe to leave tonight | you pack te right clothes, we could go sing your cold gets worse, we'll stay at home, ©. (art in three months’ time. However we () (wots stop there, Once these cars are on the market 6) (continue) with our plans fora new range of green motorbikes, That’ why our slogs st GreenSpeed is ‘A: The sky really clear eonight I chink it hot day tomorrow. 1B Thope 50 ~pechaps we be able vo have a barbecue As Tehink she getthe job 88 Timnotso sure Tve seen the other applications, She have lots of competition, bea He work / hard / his back / hurt, Is/ be/ a bad storm /the airport be closed. “The rand /be / ig /¢/ be impossible to dive. ‘Complete the conversation with che correct worl ‘Now f you come over here J/J'f show you how it works, Wore model were you interested in? ‘The 2-100. How much is i? Tf /i will more than 50 euros then I can't really eat afford it. ‘Now, don't worry about that. Let me show you how it works fst, and if you're incrested wel ne discus our special offer Special offer? Yes, we can give you up to six months completely interest-free Ifyou bay / willy anyching over a hundred euros ~ but only this week. ‘Well, my limit was fifty euros. Will/ De you hold it for me if leave a deposi? ‘Of course! And you haven't seen how this emazing machine works yet. Here, let me show you. ‘Grammar focus Unit 3Unit 4 Present perfect and past simple | Affirmative Negative ‘Question You/WerThey have (ve) finished. | UYou/We/They bave not (haven't) | Have UYouWe/They finish i finished. ae He/She/Icas (¥) finished. Prey chas not (has finshed. | Has he/she finished ‘The present perfect is formed with the verb bae «past parsicple ‘Use the present perfect. + walk abouran unspecific time in the past. People have beg hs pointing formalin of dlrs + "to alk about experiences upto the present. He has lived in Branc for years. He stil lives there now) + to alk about finshed actions tha are relevant now. Te forgotten ber name, (don't remember i now.) Present perfect with yet and already “The present perfect often used with (rt yet and abe Werse yer at the end ofa clase Teis used in questions to askif sornething we expected has happened. lve yu done she washing yt? ‘We use nt yt to tlk about something that hasn't happened, but that we expect ro happen inthe future ‘The leer ban arid ye, Modals of deduction ‘These ves can he used to express how certain or uncertain you are about something. Cemsinivis —_Teamuse be Temmay / could / might be Crean icisn’t —Iecan'ebe Somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody We use the pronouns somebody, andy, nobody and everybody when wwe don't want to refer t a specific person or when we don't Enow who the person is. Somcby is usually sed in afrmative sentences and in questions ‘where we expecta particular answer Ff somcbody bad all tre characteris they would be a nator ideal Will somebody blp ee? (We expect the answer tobe yes) Anybody is usally used in negatives and in questions when we ‘don't know what the answer will be. Amboy sso means ‘it doesn't matter who! in afirmative ‘Tr anybody gong 10 belp me (We don’t expece the answer to be yes) Anybody can come tothe meeting. (Te doesn't matves who) © Unt 4 Grammar tocus We often use the present perfect with cer and neve. lave you ever bee te Arizona? (at any ime in your life) Toe ever seen a desert. (upto now) Be careful nor t> confuse Be and goin the present perfect. ‘They've been Pane. (They went wo France and came back) ‘They've gone e France. (They are sill in France) ‘The present perfect is not used with a specific time reference, Pherwrarntrhave metin 2966. The sso aris met in 1906 We use aieady to say that something las happened earlier than expected, Ie is urualy used in the middle ofa clause, burean also be used atthe end of a chuse fr emphasis Le mast be Feb’ wallet ~ there a pho of bir wife nit Tin not obo sent the losers. They might be from Dominic. ‘That can't be George a tbe der, be os bliday atthe moment Language note: the oppesite of must be is canbe. [Noludy mesns ao people’ and evoryiody means ‘every person’ in affirmative sentences Nobody anrwered ber rege fir belt Boerybody ma attend the mestng ‘We use these pronouns with singular verb. However we can use thy to refer back to them. Somebody rent me some frsers and they efi me. ‘The same rules apply for words ending with ing or -vber ‘Ske knows something, Ware going mowbere. Please don't buy me anything. Language note: we can also use someone, anyone, no-one and everyoneUnit 4 Exercises Present perfect and past simple 1 Choose the correce words to complete the tex. (Crities (1) eae / Bae called Picasso's picture La Vie (Lif) one cof his more important works. Picasso 2) pained /baspanted the picture in 1903. In 1901 his good friend Casagemas (3) killed / ‘as kil himself. Picasso (4) gave /bas given the man in La Ve Casagemas' face. Beope (5) fund / ave found dfScal co invezpre this pictur. Bur tis clear tha Picasso (6) sed /bas sed the picture to deal withthe puin of his eend’s death Present perfect with yet and already 3. Complete the conversations with yet or already. 1A: Have you seen the new art exhibition ar the town hall? B, No, Thaven't been. Isivany good? 2A: Have you heard any news from your friend in Spain? No, Thaven't heard froma him 1 Your fiend Jacob called. He wanted you to call hi 3. Its OK I've called im back As Fave you stared. B. No, 'll start tomorrow. 4 ® Don’ forget you need to talk to Sue this morning. ts OK, I've spoken to her. Hasn't she told you Do you stil see any friends from school? Oh yes. We've > ~ had quite afew reunions. Modals of deduction |S Complete the dislogue with might, mur com tor may. Now, Mr Jones. [have some questions for you. Be Yes, Inspector. But I (1) —— not remember everything. Thy. ‘A That fine. [know it 2) be very difficult for you, ‘Mz Jones. First ofall, did your wife have any enemies 1No, not at all. Everybody loves her. ‘Well thar @) be tru, sr You see, we found several threatening emails on her compucer. 1 Threatening emails? Impossible! There (4) mistake, ee bea Somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody 6 Compete the sentences wth selena cay oF ccm 1 [don'eknow what to get er for ker birthdsy Dost have any ideas? 2 Teva very quiet restaurant. know goes hee. 3 Make sureyou send the emailto its imporane that they al hear the news 4 Will clean op this mess, plense? 5 Tvesang the doorbell three times. {don think there 6 Hes the mos popular person Linow. wants tobe his fiend. 2. Complete the questions with the present perfec or past simple orm ofthe verbs in brackets. 1 Where you __ (meet your bes friend? 2 How long you (know) each other? 3 ‘you (go) t school together when you ‘were culdren? (ose tou)? (Gave) an angument? 4 Lookat thelist. Write sencences about what the guard has already done and what he hasn't done yet. Guard's checlaist walk up the wall 7 walk down the wall x Took to the right ¥ look to the lee 7 eatlunch x polish holmes x He has already. | T'm afraid not, sr. Wall, chey (5) be for me, Or for someone ese. ‘When war the last ime you sw your wife Mr Jones? ‘Yesterday No. Sorry. The day before. Look, why are you ‘wasting time? She (6) be in trouble! pepe ‘A: MrJones. I think you (7) he lying. We're going #2 continue this conversation ar the station. BT... Teed my lawyer!