0 a a CN i: TO tn AMS: Chapter 21 Natural Harmonics Vibrato Usingharmonies can help develop a more balanced and relaxed vibrato. Younger students often have double- jointed fingers that cannot support the weight oftheir arm, resulting ina vibrato that is tight and u controlled, Many students continue to play with excess tension after their fingers have become strongenouigh to support their arm's weight-simply because it's how they first learned to play. fatural harmonies makes it possible to play Vibratingon with a relaxed vibrato.allowing the weight to naturally rm into the fingers with ease, The exercises flow from t in this chapter are beneficial for cellists at all levels: > Young students or beginners o tension problems > Students with vi + Students who want to improve and expand the range oftheir vil Vibrato in the Low Position Forthese exercises, use the natural harmonies to develop a free and balanced vibrato. We advocate two 4 ‘ways to practice this exercise: 1. Practice using the inside of the tring (the right side ofthe string) to vibrate. a. Allow your fingers tohang onthe inside ofthe string 7 without touching the mW fingerboard. b. Withyourarm, pull the fingers slightly to the left. Play and vibrate with the fleshy part ofthe fingertip on W. the inside ofthe string, 2. Practice using the inside ofthe ‘ string and the fingerboard to vibrate a. Relaxthe weight of yourarm into the fingerboard without depressing the string. b. Ifpossible, experiment with bo placing your finger lightly on the fingerboard in between two strings, ¢. Keep the side of the finger on the inside ofthe string while using continuous vibrato, ‘The treble clef indicates the pitch of the natural harmonic being played. CClloMind:Intonationand'Technigue | Chapter21 Natural Harmonies Vibrato 19a me Additional Considerations for the Variations 1. Usea continuous vibrato for both the harmonic and the solid notes. 2. When approaching the solid note, release the weight lightly from the back and into the string. 3, Alltheharmonicsare the same pitches between the just and Pythagorean systems except for the Sth partials. Practice the Sth partial solid notes in two ways: a. Match with the just pitch (same as the harmonic). b. Match with the Pythagorean pitch (22 cents higher than jus}. 140 CelloMind:Intonationand Technique | Chapter 2: Natural Harmonies Vibrato[EESSTEIN Viorato in the Low Postion CClloMind: Intonation and Technique | Chapter 2IcNatural Harmonics Vibrato “141[REESE Viorato trom Sond to Hormone Release the arm weight from the hack into the stringon the slid notes, and keep vibrating while laying the harmonics, 2. Experiment with any combination of fingerings rom playing every note with one finger to usinga new finger on each note. 8, Allthe harmonies are the same pitches between the just and Pythagorean systems except for the Sth partials. Practice the Sth partial solid notes in two ways: ‘a, Match with the just pitch @ameas the harmonic), 1b, Match with the Pythagorean pitch (22 cents higher than just). M2 CelloMind-Tntonstion and Technique | Chapter: Natursl Harmonics Vibrato(SSSTELED] Wicrate trom Sond to Ramone Harmonies on One String (© ByHarmonics in High Position st practice and learn the following arpeggio exercises without vibrato. + «the fingerings provided. In addition, make up your own fingerings. For example, play every note with the same r.oralternate between two ormore fingers. slow slides to help measure the distance between the notes. + ycethe harmonies ring beautifully, add a small vibrato to the arpeggio. 2 363 2, z2ie2te I» ° 2 Wwe. CCelloMind-Intonationand Technique | Chapter21; Natural Harmonics Vibrato usThe Four Finger Categories position to the new position, > Ifchanging bows, shi onthe new bow, (ld finger: Shift on the last “old” finger played holore arrivingon the new finger, Ifchanging bows, shift on the old bow and Same finger: Shift with the same finger from the old ore modern approach to cello playing Selecting which type of shift to use isa musieal and 8, New finger: Shift with the arriving “new finger into the new position. > Ifchanging bows, shift on the new bow. 4. Combination fingers: Initiate the shift on the old finger, and finish with the new finger. > Ifchanging bows, change the bow when the change to the newbowon the arrival note new finger isplaced on thestring. so inger Shifts hifts refer to using the same finger throughout the shift in both ascending and descending motions. Same finger ‘(+ an beused with either the rainbow arch or the smiley face scoop motion. | BEAT same Finger Shifts via Harmonics For expressive audible shifts: use the smiley face scoop motion for ascending shifts, and the rainbow arch motion for jescending shifts, :. Slow down the shifting motion and use more bow for expressive shifts. or inaudible shifts: use the rainbow arch motion forall shifts. , Use very little bow for all inaudible shifts, Practice the exercises on all strings, 2 3 2 Sra preparatory otion ‘Sight bigger separator moon CCelloMind: Intonation and Technique | Chapter 2%:IntroductiontoShifting 167OO - 4. The following tex! is for the fitst line of the next exerviee #_ Inthe fest tn measures, when releasing the finger tothe harmonic level, lift your thumb above the A string ai the thumb glide on the eiring lightly during the shift b. Inthe Inst two measure: sation before the shift, place your thumb lightly on the A string 8.48 part of the preparaten before and during the shift = > =F ye ‘Same Finger Shifts via Solid Notes 1. For expressive audible shifts with separate bows: a. Shifton the newbow. 2. Forclean inaudible shifts with separate bows: a. Shift during the bow change, while the bow is stopped. b. Catch the new note with the bow exactly when your finger arrives in the new position. 3, Tostart, practice with an audible stop between the two notes. To play the shifts legato, experiment with the timing of the shift. The stopping of the bow is not heard. 4. Practice these exercises using the slurred bowings first. 22 ve aya 3 nA LA RA Yen =~ 168 CelloMind:Intonationand Technique | Chapter 23: Introduetion toShittingOld | ser Shifts erainbowarch mation tor 1 ner shifis veer to shitington the ast Anger played before arriving an the new finger. Use the rth Iifingor shifts, [SEER Ascending Old Finger Shifts an elegant and audible shift: hifi on the old finger into the new position before yplementinga “dropping” action of the new finger to the now note. expressive audible shifts with separate bows: Fon the old bow. Change the bow when dropping the new finger on the arrival note. ez] Descending Old Finger Shifts shifton the old finger into the new position, using the inbowarch motion, and pronate when dropping the new «expressive audible shifts with separate bows: Shift on the old bow, Change the bow when dropping the new fingeron the arrival note, r clean inaudible shifts th separate bows: Shiftduring the bow change when the bow is, stopped. Catch thenewnote with the bow exactly mVvnm yo aa AN Ge ht ne FN Yor 5 dee fan ol fw whenthefingerarsives “35 inthe new position. = ©. Donotuse any bow during the shift. Proctice Variations 1. Practice with the slurs indicated, two quarter beats perslur, 2. Practice with separate bows, as shown, CCelloMind:Intonation and Technique | Chapter 2%+Introduction toShifting 169[BESTE] Accenaling New Finger Shifts from Higher to Lower Fingers eT | ‘i sincmnmis GIL PIT a scoop to hear the vssive ascending ww down the shifting jon.and use -e bow for greater pressive shifts, ble shifts: use \warch motion, fon the new finger using the rainbow arch motion for a clean ascending's se very little bow. Chromatic Shifts lowing shifting exercise asa warm-up to geta kinesthetic fee for the whole fingerboard. E Chromatic Shifting Exercise ‘ement the basic shifting concepts as described at the beginning of this chapter. «tice with all ofthe fingering combinations provided in the chart on the next page: Begin by using same finger shifts for the entire exercise, Select one or two fingering possibilities in each practice session from the fingering charts that follow this exercise. eA AS Ae oy ie aos fee ety ey fee cont. > fechnique | Chapter 28: Introduction toShifting 172[ESEIIERA One Finger Vibroto Scare “The focus of this exerciss isto develop the flexibility ofthe individual fingers and thumb, while maintaining continuous vibrate from one note tothe next, Practice this senle exercise across al the strings and in various keys, major and minor 1. Begin in first position with the fingerings indicated. 2. Strive to maintain a continous, Aid vibrato thronghout ench note of the scale, 3, Usean open, relaxed vilrato with a full-bodied sound. 4, Experiment with these variations: Apply different amounts of weight into the string. b, Produce different tone colors and dynamies with the bow. Vary the intensity and speed of the vibrato accordingly ©. Try both a relaxed /open hand shape and a closed hand shape for the thumb vibrato. (CSharp mejor maVAV mvAV A Dimajor 2 = avevy mvyAy A 184 CelloMind:Intonation and Technique | Chapter 25: Melodie Shifting Exercises with Vibratoos J shitting and Vibrato Exercise from First to Fourth Position ise. focus on achiewing ‘ontinuious vibrato throughout the shift yporiment usingtthe same principles asdeseribed in Exercise 26.1 e with bwo kinds of shifts: new finger and old fingor shifts! hice ith sey bows and two-note legato slurs, : val strings. [EEEESEESH shitting and Vibrato Exercise from Neck to Thumb Position This exercise combines the same principles as Exercise 25,2 with an emphasis on developing a continuous and even vibrato the neck position into the thumb position. Where applicable, follow the same instructions asin previous exercises. Before each big shift, release the weight from your back with a large preparatory movement? Practice with two kinds of shifts: new finger and old finger shifts, 1 3 Rae Vac et mvyomy 1 Furmoreon new/old fingers shifts, see Chapter 28, “Introduction to Shifting” 2 Surmoreon preparatory movements, see Chapter 28, "Introduction to Shifting CelloMindsIntonationand Technigue | Chapter 25: Melodie Shifting Exercises with Vibrato 186ESS ‘This exercise is great for developing a continuous vibrato that flows from finger to finger: ist Flow Pattern on One String 1. Transfer the weight from finger to finger by kecpingyourthumb freeand unrestricted behind the neck and in thumb position, only lightly touching the st is with the thumb. 186 CelloMind:Intonationand Technique | Chapter 25: Melodie Shifting Exercises with VibratoClloMind-Intonationsnd Technique | Chapter25:Melodie Shifting Exereiseswith Vibrato 187Second Flow Pattern on One String exercise is great for devel MacontinONS, lowing vibrato fram the lower positions to the higher positions, 1. Focusonachievinga eo next mows vibrato that flows smoothly from one note to th 2, Inthe lower positions, transfer the weight from finger to finger by balancing your thumb re position with the third finger. b under the vibrating finger, 3, Inthumb position, pl a, For i, Note:some may find ithelpfl to sli your thumb on the string, in the oct ight to the vibrating finger. e the thumb and support the vibra wider vibrato in thumb position, apply ing third finger with the tly rel second finger also on the string, b. Foranarrower vibrato in thumb position, apply more weight to your thumb. 4. Before each big shift, release the weight from your back with a large preparatory movement. ‘This exercise can also be practiced with separate bows, or by slurring three notesat atime, Jeso y tonationand Technique | Chapter 25: Melodie Shifting Exercises with Vibratofevercie 282) Thumb Position Seale Vibrato ° : ot on Pfaff ene ° tt eeapeet B ren fom 7 area 2a 8 6 2 9 ? us flowing oe . ” ' . ee poe thumb f Fe 6 0 6 le mine “low each finger to vibrate in tandem with the thumb. ‘wider vibrato in thumb position, apply more weight to the vibrating finger. narrower vibrato in thumb position, apply more weight to the thumb. vt different tempi, starting with (EE 5B] Thum Position Extension Vibrato pss ise promotes the ability to have a continuous vibrato in extended thumb position. ‘cp your thumb vibrating at all times. When placing your fingers down on the string. allow each finger to vibrate in vm with the thumb. v awider vibrato in thumb position, apply more weight to the vibrating finger. i Note: it may be helpful to slightly release the thumb for a wider vibrato. ii, Forallarger extension, you may need to release the thumb completely offthe string. In this case, support the vibrating third finger with the second finger and the vibrating second finger with the first finger. Fora narrower vibrato in thumb position, apply more weight to the thumb. -=60 CelloMind:tntonationand Pochuigue | Chapte 15: Melodie Shitting ti wo[ECESIIEEY sitting thumb Exercie ‘The following exercise focuses on maintaining a continuons thumb vibrato while shifting. 1, Practice these thumb vibrato shifts with a continuous vibrato, 2, Keep your thumb vibratingat all times, and transfer the vibrato from the thumb to the other fingers. 3, Practice on all strings Double Stop Vibrato ‘This exercise will help develop your ability to maintaina continuous vibrato in double stops, 1. Play each double stop with an even, steady vibrato, 2. The first/fourth finger vibrato can be especially difficult. needed, experiment with applying more arm weight onto one ofthe fingers, and allow small amount of sliding” on the other finger. 3. Keepyourthumb very loose and allow ittocome off the neck, especially forthe first/fourth finger double stops. 4. Practice onall strings. Experiment with Your Own Exercises ‘The exercises in this chapter are simply a starting pointfor improving shifting movements. There are many creative ways to practice vibrato, and we encourage each student to “invent” their own exercises. Be mindful to practice the exercises that are most difficult for you. For example, try practicing vibrato in four-octave scales and/or arpeggios. Double stop vibratos can be practiced with any interval, including octaves, thirds, and sixths. 190 CelloMind: Intonation and Technique ‘Chapter 25; Melodie Shifting Exercises with Vibrato