Chapter 2
computer mouse.
BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY
Refers to research, data,
engineering, and information
technologies for business purposes,
such as achieving economic and
organizational objectives.
I. Hardwares
A. COMPUTER EQUIPMENT
 Desktop computer or laptop – a
personal computer is now used
by most companies.
 Printer – computer and transfers
the information to paper.
 Scanner – is an input device that
scans documents such as
photographs and pages of text.
B. DIGITAL CAMERAS
Are used to capture photographs
and videos independently.
C. SECURITY SURVEILLANCE
TECHNOLOGY
 Video surveillance – businesses
set up video surveillance
cameras for a variety of reasons,
both outside and inside their
buildings.
 Internet surveillance – software
reports on employer Internet
monitoring.
 Telephone surveillance - this
method of tracking mainly for
quality control while workers
communicate on the telephone,
 Counter surveillance – like a spy
novel the need for counter-
surveillance inspections and
devices increases.
D. HANDHELD DEVICES INPUT
An input device is essentially a
piece of hardware that sends data to
a computer.
 Touchpad – also known as a
trackpad, a touchpad is a a
common substitute for a
 Microphone – captures audio
and sends it to a computer
where it is converted to a digital
format.
D. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Communication is vital to the
success of every organization.
2 Types of Communication
1. External Communication
Reaches out ot the customer to
make him/her aware of your product
or service and provide a reason to
buy.
2. Internal Communications
With team members is essential
to attracting and retaining a talented
staff and monitoring business
performance
Basic Communication Tools
a) Mail- Even with all modern
communication techniques, daily
postal mail is still a powerful tool
for a business.
b) Email- In connecting with clients,
suppliers and internal
teammates, getting a company
email would be beneficial.
c) Landline-The telephone system
that uses a physical cable for
transmission is the landline.
d) Smartphone- Is a mobile phone
that provides computer-like
features with advanced
capabailities
e) SMS Messaging and
TextingSMS -messages can be
received by almost all mobile
phones
f) Video and Web Conferencing-
Video conferencing offers a way
without the cost of travel to hold
face-to-face meetings
g) Social Networking Sites- an
online community made up of
people or organizations bound
together by shared interests.
II. Software applications
Application software is a type of
computer program that performs a
particular function that is personal,
educational, and business.
A. WORD PROCESSING
PACKAGES -To manipulate a text
document, such as a resume or
journal , Word processing software is
used.
 Microsoft Word - commonly used
word processing application
worldwide as part of the
Microsoft Office suite.
 Microsoft Works-The word
processor in Works 9, a scaled-
down version of Microsoft Word,
still contais all of the basic
features required for simple
uses, such as creating
correspondence.
B. SPREADSHEET PACKAGES
-A spreadsheet or worksheet is
a file consisting of rows and columns
that helps to efficiently sort, organize
and arrange data and measure
numerical data
 Microsoft Excel-Excel is a
convenient program that can be
used to store several data sets
and arranged them.
C. ACCOUNTING PACKAGES
-Accounting software is a
computer program that helps monitor
and report the financial transactions
of a company to bookkeepers and
accountants.
Accounting software’s design
varies from product to product.
 Sage one – is an accounting,
and payroll software focused on
the cloud.
 AccountEdge pro –AccountEdge
is a complete solution for Mac
users in small business
accounting and management
 FreeAgent – FreeAgent offers an
online accounting program to UK
freelancers and small business
owners.
 FreshBooks – small business
owners can monitor timr, record
expenses, and invoice
customers with FreshBooks and
is accessible from any computer.
 Harvest – Harvest works on your
laptop, iPhone and android
claiming to “make time tracking
easy (and almost fun).
D. DATA PACKAGES
-System software for
database development and
management is a database
management system (DBMS).
FUNCTIONS OF DBMS- the
database schema that determines
the logical
ADVANTAGES OF USING
DBMS-Using a DBMS to store and
handle information has benefits but
also overhead processing.
E. Presentation Packages
to communicate visually to an
audience, a presentation kit is a
software program containing a text
editor and the ability to add charts
and graphic images, such as photos,
clip art or other objects, in order to
create a slide show.
 Microsoft Powerpoint-
presentation program that allows
users to create engaging
presentations that can include
text, images, sound, movies,
hyperlinks and other objects and
consist of individual pages or
slides.
 Prezi - Is just s different as yu
can be from PowerPoint. It’s
more of a visual and immersive
mind map, where you connect
with various elements on a
virtual canvas, instead of
providing a slide-by-slide
presentation.
F. INTERNET BROWSER
In order to present and explore
context on the World Wide Web, a
browser is a software program.
-URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers)
List of current Internet browsers:
 Google Chrome
 Microsoft Edge
 Microsoft Internet Explorer
 Mozilla Firefox
 Opera
 Apple Safari
Work Task
1) PROCESSING
RESERVATIONS
-A consumer can put a hold
on things that are not accessible at
present.
2) UNDERTAKING STOCKTATES- -
Stocktaking (or stock counting) is
when all the inventory that your
company currently has on hand is
manually checked and registered.
Why are stocktakes important?
Any product-based business ill
need to ensure that their levels are
100% accurate from time to time
as a part of their inventory control.
A. See how well you’re tracking
inventory.
 Stockouts
 Overstocking
 Dead stock
B. Discover stock Issues
C. Ensure your business is meeting
targets
 Reduce the amount of safety
stock you keep on hand in case
of an emergency or surge in
demand.
 Change up your pricing to
ensure all your products are
selling quickl
3.PROCESSING FINANCIAL
RECORDS- The one
business area that all
companies have in
common is acounting.
Importance of Financial Records
a. Knowing your financial Situation.
b. Meeting your tax obligations.
3. PRODUCING
DOCUMENTATION- As your
business grows, so does it
complexity.
The Importance of Process
Documentation
a) Helps to strengthen operations.
b) Helps workers practice
c) Helps to maintain awareness of
industry.
CHAPTER 3
ETHICS AND LEGAL
BUSINESS PRACTICES
ETHICS-Is a system of moral
principles. They affect how people
make decisions and lead ther lives.
LEGAL BEHAVIOR-Follows the
dictates of laws, which are written
down and interpreted by the courts.
ETHICAL BUSINESS PRACTICE-
Is concerned with society’s duties
and responsibilities to uphold moral
values and to live up to the
aspirations of stakeholders, the
public, government institutions and
society.
BUSINESS ETHICS LAWS AND
REGULATIONS
 This means more than just
following the letter of the law,
 codes of behavior created by the
religious values, philosophies
Fostering culture of integrity
Part and parcel of organizational
ethics is fostering a culture of
integrity through:
 Motivating employees
individually to act ethically;
 Promoting integrity and codes
of ethics through modeling,
mentoring and other activities;
 Ensuring that performance
management and reward
systems do not contradict or
undermine
 core values of a business;
 Demonstrating to employees
that the business is willing to
"walk the talk“;
Applying ethics in business and the
business case for ethics
 Ethical principles for business
 Solidarity
 Efficiency
 Rationality
 Fairness
 Refraining from willingly
harming others
 Role-responsibility
LAWS, CODES AND
REGULATIONS RELATED TO
BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES
CONSUMER PROTECTION
Republic Act No. 7394 -Consumer
Act of the Philippines of 1991
DOJ Advisory Opinion No. 02-
2012 -Advisory on Plagiarism
“…… if committed under certain
circumstances, can amount to
criminal violation of the Intellectual
Property Code, the E-Commerce Act
or the Cybercrime Prevention Act. “
E-COMMERCE & BUSINESS
REGULATIONS
Republic Act No. 8484- Access
Devices Regulation Act of 1998 – An
act regulating the issuance and use
of access devices, prohibiting
fraudulent acts committed relative
thereto, providing penalties and for
other purposes
Republic Act No. 8792-An Act
providing for the Recognition and
Use of Electronic Commercial and
Non-Commercial Transactions and
Documents, Penalties for Unlawful
Use Thereof and for Other
Purposes” or the Electronic
Commerce Act of 2000
Republic Act No. 9178- An Act to
promote the establishment of
barangay micro business enterprises
(BMBEs), providing incentives and
benefits therefor, and for other
purposes
DATA PRIVACY AND SECURITY
Republic Act No. 10173-Data
Privacy Act of 2021 – An Act
Protecting Individual Personal
Information in Information and
Communications Systems in the
Government and the Private Sector,
Creating for this Purpose a National
Privacy Commission and for Other
Purposes
Labor Code of the Philippines
-The Labor Code of the
Philippines is a legal code that
determines all employment practices
and labor relations in the Philippines.
This is to help protect employees
and employers-while ensuring that
neither is subject to unfair treatment
or exploitation
ETHICAL BUSINESS
STRATEGIES
-To build an ethical business, an
ethical strategy is necessary.
-The purpose of sound ethics
 and ethical culture is shared by a
number of businesses.
To better allow the
organization to achieve its ethical
objectives, a consistent ethics
plan is required.
1.Creation of ethical principles-
ganization’s values and laws,
including the code of ethics and
policies.
1. Forming an Ethics Committee
-The Companies Act now
demands that most companies form
a social and ethics committee
(except small businesses).
2. Ethical Knowledge building-In
the pursuit of better workplace
ethics, awareness of ethics is a
strong strategy, especially in
terms of reducing unethical
behavior .
3. Measuring and monitoring the
ethical status- Measuring and
monitoring a company’s ethical
status is also a vital part of a
good strategy on ethics.
CHAPTER 4
BUSINESS
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
I. Business languages and
terminologies
Business plan -A business plan is,
as the name implies, a document
used to explain the strategy of an
organization
Balance sheet- A balance sheet
details company finances for a
certain moment in time (often the
end of the financial year).
Start-up process -The term “start-up”
is used to describe a brand-new
company,
Forecast - Just as a weather
forecast forecasts what the weather
would do, based on its current state,
external circumstances,
Marketing- Marketing refers to the
commercialization of a product or
service.
USP- Unique Selling Proposition of a
company, product or service in other
words, what makes it different from
similar offerings.
II. Business Etiquettes and
Protocols
1) Give attention to names- Names
are one of the first pieces of
information about anyone that
we meet.
2) Greet everyone- Not only is it
respectful to welcome the
individuals with whom you come
in contact, but it creates
relationships.
3) Give a handshake and make eye
contact- Handshakes are the
universal business greeting.
4) Give cues that show you’re
paying attention -When
someone else is speaking, it is
necessary to nod or smile.
5) Introduce -one wants to stand
with a group of people who
uncomfortably have no idea who
they are and what they are doing
there.
6) Give handwritten, personalized
Thank You notes- good to send
out auto-confirmation and thank
you emails after clients make an
online purchase.
7) Proofread emails for grammar
and typo mistakes- If you’re like
most professionals, you can
connect a lot by email.
8) Be polite and professional in all
forms of communication- In any
encounter, it does not matter
whether you meet face-to-face,
by phone or email, you need to
be profession
9) Always be on time. When it
comes to work or a meeting or a
deadline, punctuality is crucial.
10) Dress appropriately-Dress codes
have been a lot more relaxed in
recent decades.
III. Conflict Resolution
Techniques
1. Listen, Talk Out Then- Believe
it or not, just listening to the
issue of n employee as the first
and most important step in
dispute resolution
2. Collect a party. As a chief,
you’ll need to organize a
meeting with all parties involved
to tackle the problem.
3. Be Impartial. Don’t take any
sides! In a leadership position
that favors one person over
another, you should not
demonstrate any sort of opinion.
4. Do not Postpone Conflict
Resolution. Resolve the conflict
immediately.
IV. Business Documents
are materials that represent you,
your department and/or your
corporation, whether they are
external parties or other
stakeholders in your organization.
EXAMPLE OF BUSINESS
DOCUMENTS.
 Formal Letters or Memos
 Financial Documents
 Accounting Documents
 Reports
 Proposals
 Business Plans
 Customer Service Documents
 Operational Documents
 Meeting Summaries
V. Digital Communications Skills
for BusinessDigital -
communication involves the use of
electronic tools to send messages.
Common ways of communicating
digitally include:
 Email-for most students and
staff, electronic mail, commonly
called e-mail, is very familiar
 Text messages
 Online chat
 Video conferencing
 Social media
Importance of Communication Skills
 mproved speed and accuracy
information –helping to minimize
grammatical and spelling errors.
 Better customer service -digital
communication has helped
companies to enhance the
service they deliver to their
customers
 Improved productivity-digital
networking enables many issues
with production equipment to be
addressed remotely, such as
screen sharing to fix computer
problems.
 Access to wider audience –
businesses will now have far
better access to a larger
audience.
Netiquette -Refers to etiquette, or
contact protocols and guidelines.
TEXTING– it is helpful for brief
exchanges and is convenient way to
remain linked with others when it
would be cumbersome to
communicate on the phone.
The Application of Social
Local Mobile “SoLoMo”
The fusion of intrecative, location-
based , and on-the-go technologies
is SoLoMo (social, local and
mobile).

Social Media and Tourism
-Social media has had a major
impact on the tourism industry.
Facebook -Without a question,
Facebook is the best channel for
social media to reach the largest
number of people and it helps us to
have an effect on unique audiences
at the same time.
Instagram- Out of all the major
social media networks, Instagram is
the most visual.
Twitter- Twitter stands out mainly
for two reasons: its real-time
relevance, in other words, what is
happening right now, and hashtags
that represent huge topics of
discussion.
CHAPTER 5
What is Information
Technology?
-Information technology (IT) refers to
everything that businesses use
computers for.
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY-
Communication Technology is the
study of Technology applications
which are used in Telephone
Digital Tourism Landscape-
the manner in which tourism
authorities and dsetination
organizations market themselves to
their clients has gone through a time
of reinvention.
This new customer journey is
shaped by digital, and falls
into a 5-stage process
1. Dreaming. Everyone has a
perfect holiday destination that
they’ll be looking for hours, even
days in advance.
2. Planning. A report in the journal
Applied Research in Quality of
Life noted that at the start of the
holiday process, the preparation
phase, the highest levels of
satisfaction occur.
3. Booking. Digital has made
customers even more conscious
of the choices available to them.
4. Experiencing. The customer
needs to have good experiences
to build good memories.
5. Sharing. Travel is influenced by
social media. Around 70% of
tourists on vacation will change
their Facebook status.
Using Information
Technology for Tourism
Over the last decade, Information
Technology has played an important
role in the hospitality and tourism
industry.
Here are some examples of the
ways that IT continues to improve
the hospitlaity and tourism
industry
Internet and Marketing – the internet
has a powerful hospitality and
tourism effect. A visit to your website
is a client’s first encounterwith your
business.
Computer systems – computer
systems make it easier to connect
between larger hotel chains with
multiple locations.
Mobile Communication – large
desktop computers have been
replaced by handheld tablets and
smartphones, thereby rendering
them virtually extinct.
Network and Security Issues in
Tourism
-In all tourist destinations, safety is
an integral aspect, which hotels,
malls
- Security and safety concerns have
impacted not only the tourism
industry, but also the reputation of
the country’s destination, the
economic and financial sectorsore
religious sites for visitors.
Information Systems in Tourism:
Application and Strategy
-Information systems also provide
value chain managers with the
capacity to use organization data to
perform online transactions.
Terms and In order to support and
optimize business processes, e-
business- is a general term that
encompasses all forms of using
digital information and
communication technologies.
concepts of e-business
Function of electronic business
-Electronic value creation, “the
generation of electronic added
value, is the most important role for
electronic business.”
Value of structuring: an online offer
achieves an overview of a large
amount of information.
Selection value: an online offer
provides, upon request, specific
database information.
Matching value: an online offer
makes it possible to more effectively
merge supplier and purchaser
inquiries.
Value of transactions: an online offer
makes a company more effective
Value of coordination: an online offer
enables various providers to better
combine their services
Value of communication: an online
offer enhances communication
among different consumers
Strategic and tactical E-
Business tools
Strategy for Product and
Service.Market rivalry requires the
organization to constantly present
ew and updated goods and services
in order to keep up with the changes
Operational Efficiency
Strategy.Reducing operating costs
by implementing the latest software
for computer equipment and
enterprise resource planning, hiring
conin consumer demand
Finance and Investment Strategy.
While running your company, you
should develop a plan that requires
investing capital that you don’t have.
Customer focus and
Management
Create a customer-focused culture –
Building a client culture is a
concentrated activity that, most
Gather and share customer data
company-wide – Every business is
different and the manner and type of
data it collects on customers will
varynotably, starts with leadership
from the top of the company
Invest in the user experience of
online channels. – In order to
achieve success in your customer-
centric initiatives, it is necessary to
understand your customers’
motivations and expectations.

Risk and Risk Management
E-commerce business risks
include those arising from :
 The personality and essence of
ties with trading partners in e-
commerce;
 Transaction integrity;
 Production of transactions
electronically;
 The Reliability of systems;
 Issues with privacy;
 Goods returns and product
warranties;
 Taxation and problems of
enforcement.
The following are the most
relevant risk management
techniques in eCommerce
transactions.
Understand the dangers and
educate the workers. The likelihood
of exposure to eCommerce depends
on you market strategies, operating
processes, fraud detection and
prevention t
Create critical content on websites.
On your website, your privacy, your
mailing, return and refund policies
must be included
The creation and implementation of
an internal framework for fraud
prevention. The sustainability of your
eCommerce store depends on you
internal strategies and controls to
prevent fraud
Enforce screening for fraud. Online
card payment monitoring will help
you minimize fraud
Secure against interference from
your merchant account. shopping
cart or payment gateway and making
fraudulent deposits of funds
Build a stable authorization routing
method. You need to set up and
secure the efficient process for over
the internet before you can start
accepting card payments online.
Set up a post-authorization
transaction handling procedure. You
need an appropriate process in
place to deal with approved and
refused authorizations before
completing an order
Protect details about cardholders via
Payment Card Industry (PCI)
enforcement. The Payment Card
Industry’s Data Security Guidelines
include eCommerce merchants’
practices, protocols, and data
protection tools
Stop unfair chargebacks.
Chargebacks represent increased
processing time and expenses, harm
your profits and may result in a loss
of income
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
AND ADVANTAGE
-Technology has made our access to
knowledge very convenient.
Technology has not only made life
easier for us, but it has increased
connectivity as well
TRAVEL INTERMEDIARIES AND
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
-To thrive and prosper in an
information-intensive industry, travel
intermediaries must learn about and
embrace all aspects of IT
The Impact of Technology on
Travel Agency Business
-The influence of technology on
travel agents has been important,
with the availability of personal
computers, mobile phones and the
Internet
-Technological developments now
allow travel agents to perform online
study, book and confirm travel
-Technological developments now
allow travel agents to perform online
study, book and confirm travel
-Travel agencies and business New technology helps people
organizations have recently been get the data they nee while
able to provide educational experiencing historical landmarks,
resources online architecture, and artifacts on group
or self-guided tours
Technology Tools used in Self-guided tours. Travelers can
Hospitality and Tourism download an app to their
-Software reservation systems smartphones, which provides expert
revolutionized the travel and analysis, as they pass through a
hospitality market museum show, attraction or
Travel Website and Apps neighborhood.
-There’s a plethora of Group tours. Guides often fail to
websites, including applications for make themselves understood a
online travel that can be used for traditional group tour
several different purposes New technology also allows for a
Research- individual vendor microphone and transmitter to be
websites, third party booking sites, worn with a guide S
and online travel publications
provide information, reviews and
price comparisons for travel items,
including transportation,
accommodation, excursions and car
rental
Booking: Without ever needing to
speak to a salesperson, both travel
agents and clients will book online
travel.
Travel updates: Travelers can now
check in about their flight status
tLoyalty points: Most airlines and
hotels have Reward Point
Programshrough a website or mobile
app
Loyalty points: Most airlines and
hotels have Reward Point Programs
Boarding passes: Some time after,
passengers were able to check-in
and print boarding passes from their
phones online for their flights
Peer to peer systems: Apps like
Airbnb directly connect travelers with
temporary rental space with
homeowners and other
Customizable, interactive maps: For
Google Maps and related online
mapping systems, user feedback is
now available

Tour Information and Guiding

Systems