s)or22, 19-44 POF|s viewer HUMAN COMMUNICATION AND THE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN Jacobo Grinberg-Zylberbaum, Ph.D., M. Delaflor, M E Sanchez Arellano, M.A. Guevara and M. Perez ABSTRACT Electrophysiological evidence is presented showing an interaction between brain activity of human subjects during direer communication, an interaction which oocurs when subjets ate able ta fel each other's presence without the use of any sensory stimali, Subjecs who had previously established direct communication were asked to st in complete datkocs in two different electro ‘magnetically insulated chambers. One of the subjects was stimulated and it was found tha the potential thus evoked could be "aranserred” to the nonsimulated subject, These findings suppore the postulates of the Symtergic Theory KEYWORDS: Elecophyiclogy, human communication, transferred potential, BEG, EPR Subrle Energies * Volume 3 * Number 3 * Page 25 hitps:journals.st.ca/seemjindex php/seoni/atclalviow/154/119 2019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer INTRODUCTION hhe question about the ability of che human brain vo deceet subtle formation was made and answered 2500 years ago when Buddha reached the state of enlightenment and described the condition referred to as omniscience in which an enlightened subject is able co experience and encode all thar happens in the Universe (see The Surangama Sutra)? Pathanjali, the propounder of Yoga, described a method called Samyama? in which subjects are able to learn about whatever they wish, without the use of intellectual intermediaries, by merging themselves with the chosen object. ‘The Semyama technique requires the subject to concentrate complecely on an object until that object occupies all of his or her field of consciousness. If concencration is further maintained, the subject's consciousness merges with the object, thus giving him or her dizect knowledge of the object, from the inside so to speak. “The limits of Samyama are unknown and its area of application unlimited, as shown by an experiment cartied out by one of the authors some years ago! in which subjects were required to apply Samyama to theie own EEG activity and evoked potentials. ‘These subjects were able to decode very subtle characte tics of their own brain activity and became increasingly conscious of bra activity thac had passed by unnoticed before using the technique. ‘The Sammyama technique has been employed in a school in Mexico with children aged 6 to 12, as part of their process of education, with amazing results. ‘The condition of omniscience and the success of the Samyama technique imply, as a sine qut non, the natural and physiological capacity of the human brain to detect subtle information using mechanisms not limited by sensory decoding, “These mechanisms could be related co the detection of energy fields and of distortions of the space-time continuum. According to the Syntergic Theory developed by one of the authors," all the neuronal changes in each of the brain's neurons produce a distortion in the lattice of the space-time continuum. The interaction of each of these microdis- tortions creates a hypercomplex mactodistortion of the same lattice. In the Syntergic Theory, this distortion is called the Neuronal Field. According to this same theory, perceptual experience is the result of che interaction of the Neuronal Field with the space-time continuum. If this is so, the mechanism for the detection of subtle events and of the activity of other brains would be Subile Energies * Volume 3 * Number 3 + Page 26 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/11919/22, 1344 POF|s viewer this same interaction berween one Neuronal Field and the lattice, or with ocher ‘Neuronal Fields, Neurophysiology began co publish serious research about direct interactions between human brains in 1965 when an article written by Duane and Behrendt appeared reporting that alpha blocking of the EEG induced in one subject activated the same change in his identical ewin located at a distance. In 1974, Targ and PuthofF reported clear indications that human subjects were able to decect information presented at a distance without using sensory channels.* They also reported evidence of EEG changes in response to remote stimuli ‘This evidence shows that the human brain is capable of directly detecting events (changes in brain activity and natural stimuli) hat take place at a distance, thus indicating that this ability is parc of our human heritage. In more recent research,” it was found that the intethemispheric coherence of subjects located in one laboratory changed when another group of subjects located at a distance from the first group began to meditate. According to different studies, medita- tion causes an increase in brain coherence.®? Thus, when a brain changes its coherence, other brains located at a distance are influenced by this change and also modify their coherence. were published, (1982), Grinberg-Zylberbaum'” reported three different experiments with similar findings, that is, a change in the inteshemi- spheric coherence and correlation of one subjects brain affects other subjects brains to the same extent. In one of these experiments, the EEG activity of a psychoanalyst was recorded together with chat of his patient during an actual therapeutic session. The EEG activity of both analyst and patient became similar in direce correspondence with the degree of empathy between them. In 1987, Grinberg-Zylberbaum and Ramos reported evidence showing that intethemispheric correlation patterns of the EEG activity of human brains becomes similar when subjects are able to establish a level of communication that was termed “direct.”!! Direct communication occurs when pairs of subjects are able to feel each other's presence without using any sensory stimuli, in complete darkness and without touching or speaking. It was also found that the subject with the greatest intethemispheric correlation “attracts” toward his ‘own level the interhemispheric correlation state of the subject with whom he established direct communication. T: same year in which the results of the above-mentioned experiment Subtle Energies * Volume 3 © Number 3 * Page 27 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/11919/22, 1344 POF|s viewer In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen published a paper describing the EPR paradox (named after the three scientists in question) according to which if Quantum Mechanics is correct, when ewo elementary particles interact and are later separated in space, a change in one of them will be correlated wi corresponding change in che other no matter the distance between them.!? In 1982, Aspect, Dalibard and Roger carried out an experiment which supported the effect of this interaction berween particles." of the experiments described above, we designed a further series of experi- ments to show that not only a general measure of brain activity, such as the blockage of the alpha rhythm or interhemispheric coherence and correla- tion is sensitive to the interaction between subjects but that a specific event related response such as the evoked potential can also be transferred from brain to brain. We attempted to demonstrate that, without the intervention of any known sensory system, the human brain is able to detect precise changes taking place at a distance. I the light of the EPR paradox, and taking into consideration the results In order to do this, we used two sound proof, electromagnetially shielded chambers. Both chambers were completely shielded by meal netting and were thus presumably completely clectromagnetically insulated. No sound or light could pass from one chamber to the other. One subject was stimulated in one of the chambers, while, in the other chamber, sat another subject who was not stimulated. We searched for any brain response in the non-stimulated subject that resembled the evoked potential obtained in the stimulated subject. The experiments are described in derail in the following sections. EXPERIMENT 1 INTRODUCTION In ous first experiment, we decided to test the possibility that a potential evoked by a stimulus in one of the subjects sitting in one of the chambers could be “transferred” to a non-stimulated subject in the other chamber as a “transferred” potential, and co sce if the non-stimulated subject could sense that the other subject was receiving a stimulus. Subile Energies * Volume 3 © Number 3 + Page 28 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 42019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer METHOD Five pairs of human subjects of both sexes were asked to sit, side by side, inside a soundproof, electromagnetically shielded room for about 20 minutes. They were instructed to use any procedure they wished in order to establish nonverbal, empathic communication in which they could feel each other's presence directly, withoue the need of any vocalization or physical contact. We termed this kind of communication direct communication. To facilitate the occurrence of direct communication, the lights of the chamber were turned off and a condition of silence was maintained. This sensory isolation procedure increases the ability of the subjects to feel each other's presence, as this is the only stimulus that exists inside the chamber. ‘When the subjects announced that they had reached a state of direct communi- cation, one of them was asked to sit in another sound proof, electromagn cally shielded chamber separated from the first by an electromagnetically shielded wall. No sound, light ot smell could pass from one chamber to the other, In this condition, both subjects were asked to maintain their direct communication even though they were now in two different chambers and separated by a distance of 270 cm. ‘The subject who remained in the original chamber was then stimulated with simultaneous visual and auditory stimuli at random intervals, while the other remained in complete darkness in the second chamber receiving no stimulation and unaware that his/her partner was being stimulated. ‘The subject in the second chamber was asked to use special sound insulation devices similar to the ones used in airports to ensure complete isolation in this respect, ‘onopolar vertex EEG activity was recorded in all subjects during the presentation of the previously mentioned visual lashes activated by a Grass PS22_ photo-stimulator set at its highest intensity, together with a 100 msec train of 1000 Hertz sound activated by a Grass S88 stimulator. ‘We also devised a control situation in which two subjects, who had not interacted before, sat in different chambers. These subjects had never met and did not know that another subject was in another Faraday chamber Subile Energies * Volume 3 * Number 3 * Page 29 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/11919/22, 1344 POF|s viewer ANALYSIS A UI sessions were recorded on magnetic capes which were analyzed in ‘order to quantify the presence of evoked potentials and the passible ‘existence of “transferred” porentials. Eight, 16 and 32 samples of EEG synchronized with the stimuli, were averaged separately for each subjecr’s brain wave in order to detect the presence of evoked and “transferred” potentials. The recordings were digitized every 8 msec and were compared one to the other in the following way: 1») 2 3) 4) 3) Correlations were calculated between the average “transferred” potential and the average evoked potential using Pearson correla- ‘The calculation consisted in correlating the frst 32 pairs of digits of both signals thus obtaining a firse correlation value. The following pair of valucs was then added co the 32 original pairs and the first pair of hat series of 32 was removed in order to again calculate correlation for this new series of 32 pairs. This operation of adding the following pair of values in the sequence and removing the pair at the beginning was continued until all pairs were used in the calculations. In this way, between 83 and 139 correlation values were obtained for each comparison of the averages of the evoked and “transferred” potentials, depending on the duration of the epochs which varied between 200 and 400 msec. Only positive correlations with values greater than 0.600 were accepted as meaningful. ‘RESULTS Figure 1 shows averages of 16 cleat, evoked “transferred” potentials in a communi- cation session after the subjects had interacted for 20 minutes, and a control situation in which we worked with cwo subjects in two chambers who had not Subile Energies * Volume 3. © Number 3 * Page 30 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/11919/22, 1344 POF|s viewer Dur, satus Vere “Tratferred” Pte ‘ AQ NA subject Vertex Evoked Pte Averages of Potentials on Simulation Communication session in two chambers (16 Simul) 400; msec. Subject A, Absence of Vertex “Transfered” Potential i Control mf Subject B, Vereex Evoked Potential VU on Stimulation Averages of Potentials Non-communicaton sesion in two chambers (16 Stim) 400 meee. | Figure 1 procs sores of 16 sample of EEG activi Subj B and BI (wond fer) rat igh and nd Sm a Farad ge whe nb A ‘indy (it and third line) rcv no simaaton hile hlaed anther Baraday Sage The op ro Lines te einence of “rare” poted in abject A ad or ood pont in bjt B daring « es comomtoneton sein "The Patan ‘ovelton been the evoked end the anf: poet engd om + = 2629 70965 becom lence of 150 an 278 me aes Ther lve ins howe ‘We ahene of anid pact bes Aad he proce of heated pti ‘nbc By daring won tn which tee vss no die communication "Al the searing’ aie fom the ver ond are monapaar Tate ra nc that the “rane” petal apes ring det commnicton bu saben hen tere interacted and therefore had not established a state of direct communication. “The absence of the “transferred” potential is of note in this situation compared with is presence when communication exists. When communication did take place, the correlations calculated between the evoked and the “transferred” potentials ranged between r= 0,629 and r = 0,966 between latencies of 150 and 276 Subtle Energies * Volume 3 + Number 3 * Page 31 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 720619722, 1348 POF|s viewer Subject A ‘Vertex “Trae” Porn ‘ A Stic Vertex Evoked Potential on Stimulation Average of Potentials Two Chambers (8 Scimuli) 200 meee Figure 2. Example of vertex “eranfered” potential in one subject (A) and vertex evoked porensal ina second subject (8) during a sesion with a high degree of direct commun ‘ation. The mace are taken by averaging eight 200 mise sample. The Peanan correla tion saluer ranged between ¥ = 0.640 and r = O71 between latencies of 124.5 and 140 see (se te) msec. At 150 msec the correlation value was r= 0.629; it reached a maximum value of r= 0.966 at 250 msec When there was no communication, no cortela- tion was meaningful. Figure 2 shows another example of “transferred” and evoked potentials. It can be seen that the “transferred” potential morphology is very similar to the vertex evoked potential morphology. In this case, the correlation values berween latencies of 124.5 and 140 msec. were berween 0.640 and 0.671. 1) When the subject receiving the stimulus presented a low amplitude evoked potential, there was aso a decrease in the amplitude of the transferred potential (see Figure 3). 2) No “transferred” potentials were found in subjects who had no previously achieved direct communication during the recording sessions in two chambers (see Figure 1). 3) We found a clear similarity between the morphologies of the evoked and the “transferred” potentials, as can be seen in Figure Suble Energies * Volume 3 + Number 3 * Page 32 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/11919/22, 1344 POF|s viewer Vertex "Teansfered” Potential Verses Evoked Potential ‘on Stimalition sg Single Potentials in Vertex Two Chambers Mid Sesion, 200 mee Vertex “Transfered” Potential Vertex Evoked Potential con Stimulation , Single Potentials in Ver ‘reo Chamber En’ Sesion 00 me Figure 3 tows unaceraged examples of vertex: “ansferred” potentials (firs and third lines) land of verec evohad potemiah (acond and fourth linas) half way shrough a direct communication sesion (ap line) and at the end ofthe sume sesion. The subjects were ‘each in different Faraday chamber. The figure shows the morpholgicalsimiitade ofthe ‘roked and “ransfored" parental and the habituation. In 3A, the Pearon corarion ‘luc berween the coed and “ranfered” potential ranged berwecn r ~ 0.604 ated r ~ 0.934 benveen latencies of 142 and 152 meec. and ix 3B, potential ranged berween > = 611 and r = 0.824 between latencies of 8.6 and 114 mee. (ee tx) 3. In the first case (3A), the correlation values between latencies of 142 and 152 msec. (r between 0.604 and 0.934), in the second ‘case (3B) between latencies of 89.6 and 114 msec (r between 0.611 and 0.824). 4) Finally, in only two eases, che subjects who showed “transferred” potentials mentioned hat something “strange” had happened to their partners during the transfer session, but no subject was able to clearly detect that his/her partner was receiving the light or sound stimuli Subrle Energies * Volume 3 + Number 3 + Page 33 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/11919/22, 1344 POF|s viewer EXPERIMENT 2 INTRODUCTION “wansferred” potentials with a similar morphology to that of the evoked potentials. In order to replicate this experiment but using a different analysis technique and including new controls, we decided to carry out the ‘experiment described below. T: results obtained from the first experiment showed the appearance of METHOD A total of 14 subjects, 6 men and 8 women ranging from 21 t0 45 years of age were studied. Pairs of subjects of both sexes were asked to sit, side by side, inside a sound proof, clectromagnetically shielded room, again in complete darkness, with their eyes closed and without touching each other. They were asked to try to establish a state of direct communication and when they announced that they had done so, ane of them was instructed to sit in another sound proof, electromagnetically shielded chamber. ‘The subjects were asked to maintain a state of direct communication and the subject who stayed in the first chamber was then stimulated using flashes activated by a Grass PS22 Photo stimulator set at highest intensity, In some experiments, the stimulated subject was asked to keep his eyes closed while the flashes were activated, whereas in others the subject was asked to lie down and observe the flashes with eyes half-open. The flash lamp was located inside the chamber in some experiments and outside in others, with the light from the lamp penetrating the chamber through a shielded one way glass pane. In all cases, intervals between the flashes were randomized so neither stimulated nor non-stimulated subjects could know when a flash way to be given. Electrical activity of the brains of both subjects was recorded using @ vertex monopolar derivation in some cases and a fronto-vertex bipolar derivation in others. In some experiments, only the brain activity of the subject located in the second chamber, the non-stimulated subject, was recorded. In these experi- ments, the activity of the subject in the original chamber, stimulated by flashes, Subtle Energies * Volume 3 + Number 3 + Page 34 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 102019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer ‘was not recorded and no electrodes were placed on his or her head. This procedure was used in order to prevent any possibility of ‘inside equipment interaction, The EEG activity was recorded by means of a Beckman polygraph and averaged using two different, independent machines: an analog computer (Tracor Northern) and a PC. ‘Tivo averaging devices were used in onder t0 assure reliable measurements. The Mash stimuli were presented cither automatically ‘or manually by pushing a burton on a Grass S88 stimulator that synchronized the onset of the flash and simultaneously activated the averaging program in the PC and the analog computer. In both cases, there was a random interval between stimuli In the condition in which the stimulated subject had electrodes placed on his for her head, the vertex or fronto-vertex potential evoked by the flash stimuli wwas averaged using a maximum of 512 flashes. ‘The subject located in the second chamber was not stimulated and did not know that his or her partner was receiving any stimulus. ‘The same 512 samples of BEG activity of the non-stimulated subject were averaged and each sample was synchronized with the onset of the flash stimulus presented to his or her partner. wo averages of 256 samples each and a complete average of 512 samples were obtained from the brain of both the stimulated and the non- stimulated subjects. An evoked potential in the stimulated subject and a “uansferred” potential in the non-stimulated subject were said co have been produced only if Pearson correlation reached a minimum positive value of r = 0.600. When only the non-stimulated subject was recorded, the same procedure of successive correlations performed on 256 sample averages was used to locate any repetitive signal of the EEG synchronized with the applied stimuli Sometimes, the series of 512 flashes was not applied in its entirety due to the subjects getting tired. Nevertheless, when this occurred, a minimum of 240 presentations was given and then partial averages of 120 samples were compared using the same procedure as described eatlier in “Analysis.” In some experiments, when both subjects were enthusiastic and motivated, they were asked to reinforce their direct communication by sitting together once again inside the original chamber and when ready. the subject who had originally gone into the second chamber stayed in the first and was stimulated, while the Subtle Energies * Volume 3 + Number 3 * Page 35 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 1112019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer other subject now went into the second chamber. Using this procedure the existence of the “transferred” potential was investigated in both subjects. REsuLts whose waveshapes were definitely similar to the corresponding evoked potential in the stimulated subject. In the present experiment, we were not interested in the similarity between the “transferred” and the evoked potentials but in any event related response which appeared repeatedly in our averages and that was not a product of chance or noise—in other words, only if the ovo 240 or 120 averaged samples of the non-stimulated brain triggered the moment the flash was given to the stimulated subject, were statistically similar (minimum r= 0.600). We then interpreted this similitude as a real “transferred” potential. This similarity was computed by means of a correlation program similar to the one used and explained in Experiment | and its results are depicted in each of the figures presented. L Experiment 1, we only accepted as clear “transferred” potentials those In Figure 4, an example of the “transferred” potential and the corresponding evoked porential in a couple of subjects ate depicted. ‘The “tansferred” potential correlation varied between r = 0.606 and + = 0.980 berween latencies of 100 and 178 msec. The evoked potential correlation reached high values in almost all the points. Similar results were obtained in 8 subjects, in other words, in about 57% of all cases. We were obviously aware of the possibility char our results were due to an unknown artifact related to four different factors: 1) Possible internal interactions inside the equipment. 2) Some signal passing from one chamber to the other. 3) An electromagnetic pulse entering both chambers as a consequence of the activation of the flash. Subile Energies © Volume 3 * Number 3 + Page 36 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 122019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer Evoked potential Figure 4. At the tp, an example of the “ranferred” potential obtained in 2 mone dated subject wish the corresponding evoked potential (atthe batom) produced by the Stimated sbjec daring the same sesion. Each graph represents 256 samples averaged bya PC. The “tasfered” potential creation saved betucen + 0.606 ane r= 0.980 bevacen latencies of 100 and 178 msec. The esoked potential correlation reached high values in almost all the points, Total time = 256 mice. The vertical axis is bn ‘onal converter sit 4) A natural cycle of brain activity in the non-stimulated subject synchronized by chance with the triggering stimulu “We discarded these four possibilities 1) by recording with only one channel (the one from the non- stimulated subject) and by avoiding any connection between the stimulated subject and the equipments 2) by complete sensory isolation of both chambers and even using special sound isolation earphones that the non-stimulated subject had 10 uses Subtle Energies © Volume 3 * Number 3 + Page 37 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 132019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer 3) by placing the flash outside the Faraday cage and using «wo independent synchronization pulses and two independent averaging procedures. A control was also carried out in which we made recordings from fice electrodes submerged in electrolytic solutions placed in both chambers while flashes were presented inside and outside the first chamber, when no observer was present. No signal of any induced potential was recorded in either chamber; 4) by stimulating at random intervals ‘e found no differences between the characteristics of the “wansferred” potential recorded at the monopolar vertex and those recorded at the bipolar fronto-vertex derivation, except for a clearer recording when the latter derivation was used. Our impression is that the “teansferred” potential is a real brain response that does not depend on the condition of the stimulated subject except in one respect: the psychological condition of both subjects seems to be of great importance. If the subjects made great efforts £0 communicate with each other or used rational serategies the “transferred” potential could hardly be noticed. If the subjects were sensitive and maintained a fluid, natural, relaxed attitude, the “transferred” potential appeared with more clarity. More research is needed to know which conditions block and which favor the appearance of the “transferred” potentials. EXPERIMENT 3 INTRODUCTION Buddhism states that there isa collective consciousness which becomes manifest in a community (Sangha) which can even strengthen certain individual states Of consciousness. ‘The experiments so far indicate that there are direct interac- tions between brains, possibly mediated by relationships between the individual Neuronal Ficlds postulated in the Syntergic Theory which also holds that Neuronal Fields are able to interact with one another and with the structure of space, giving rise to a new level of organization called the “Hyperficld.”' Each Neuronal Field is affected by the Hyperfield and thus whatever happens to any human being has repercussions on the state of everyone else. In order Subrle Energies * Volume 3 + Number 3.» Page 38 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 142019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer to study the “wansferred” potential and the Hyperfield, we carried out the following experiment. MeTuop: Four subjects, 2 men and 2 women, aged between 25 and 44 years partici- pated in this experiment. The four subjects were all asked to sit inside the first Faraday chamber in complete darkness and silence, with their eyes closed and without touching each other. Each subject was asked to establish a scare of direct communication with the other participants and when they all felt they were communicating directly, three of the subjects were asked 0 go into the second chamber while the fourth subject remained in the first. They were then instructed to maintain the state of direct communication they had previously established. The three subjects in the second chamber were then stimulated with flashes of light activated by the Grass PS22 Photo stimulator set at highest intensity. Both the statistical analysis procedure and the stimula- tion methodology were similar to the ones used in Experiment 2. The recording was made using a monopolar vertex derivation. Resutrs: ‘As can be seen from Figure 5, a very clear “transferred” potential was obtained in the non-stimulated subject. The Pearson corrclation values ranged between r= 0,603 and y= 0.994 in the following latencies: between 1 to 66 msec; 73 to 108 msec; 136 to 149 msees and 179 co 192 msec. This preliminary result possibly means chat when many subjects share the same condition (in this case, the flash stimulation) there are probable summation effects of each Neuronal field that increase the possibility of transfer. However, more experiments of this type must be carried out before we ean state our conclusion with any certainty. CONCLUSIONS The data from these experiments indicate that when an evoked potential is produced in the brain of one subject, the brain of another subject who has Subile Energies * Volume 3 * Number 3 * Page 39 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 182019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer ‘TRANSFERRED POTENTIAL WITH 3 OBSERVERS Figure 5 howe “ransfered” potentials fom one subject's brain, hile toe obserers were iuimaszed in anater chamber. Each graph represents an average of 256 samples, The Pearom corelation values ranged beracen 7 = 0.603 and 7 = 0.994 in the following lucene: 1 10 66 msec, 7310 108 mac, 136 0 149 mace, and 179 0 192 miee. Toul time = 256 mec. ‘The verical axis im analogical converter nits established a state of direct communication with him/her and who is not stimulated can also respond with a potential which we have called the “transferred” potential These results indicate that the FPR paradox can be extended to complex biolog- ical systems such as the human brain. Quantum physics conceives space as having different levels of organization." ‘The most fundamental level can be conceived as a complex lattice with an absolute degree of coherence and symmetry in all its portions. The appearance ‘of an elementary particle can be understood as a specific distortion of the lattice in one of its locations. ‘The dual corpuscular-undulatory nature of elementary particles can be explained as a manifestation of these lattice distortions. In ‘other words, the particle is, at the same time, part of the lattice and a located ‘something’ that has a corpuscular nature. One possible explanation of our results is that the human brain is capable of modifying the basic structure of space and this modification affects other human brains. This postulation is included in a theory that one of us has developed. Subtle Energies * Volume 3 * Number 3 * Page 40 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 162019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer ‘THE SYNTERGIC THEORY This theory is a psychophysiological attempt to explain the quality of percep- tion. It is based on the previously mentioned consideration that space has many levels of organization, ‘The basic level of space organization is a hypercomplex matrix known as the space-time lattice.! Each portion of chis lattice contains concentrated information about the rest of the lattice. In empty space, the lattice is completely symmetrical and has a high level of coherence. Each elementary particle is a microdistortion of the basic high symmetry and high coherence lattice. Each activation of a neuronal cell is also a mictodis. tortion of the same lattice. The conjugated activity of the brain creates a hypercomplex macrodistortion of the lattice. This macrodistortion results from the interactions between all the elementary microdistortions in each and every neuron in the brain and is called the “Neuronal Field.” | ccording to the Syntergic Theory, perception appears as an interaction between an individual Neuronal Field and the lattice itself. This interaction between the Neuronal Field and the lattice creates a hypercomplex multidimensional interference pattern. According to this theory, there are mutual interactions between individual Neuronal Fields and between them and the rest of the distortions of the lattice. ‘The Syntergic Theory also postulates that all the interactions berween individual human brains create a Hyperfield in which the experience of each and every ‘one is inscribed. ‘The Hyperfield could be conceived of as a collective Neuronal Field with which individual Neuronal Fields interact. ‘The Hyperfield would then be the global resultant of all the individual distortions provoked in the structure of space by all interactions between Neuronal Fields and could be ‘one of the strata of unification where there is no separation between individual consciousnesses. Our results agree with these postulates of the Syntergic Theory. We found that the brain of a non-stimulated subject is affected by the stimulation applied to another brain as if both brains were capable of directly interacting. According to the Syntergic Theory, this interaction would be due to the interference patcern created when two Neuronal Fields interact. The lack of “transferred” potentials when there was no direct communication indicates the importance of direct communication for these potentials to appear. Subile Energies * Volume 3 * Number 3 + Page 41 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 72019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer ‘These results cannot be explained by any visual, auditory, tactile or odor stimulus or by mechanical vibrations passing from one chamber to the other, or by an electromagnetic pulse passing through both chambers or by inter- equipment shore circuits Another possible explanation is that when two subjects are able to establish direct communication, both their brains form a unique system such that, when fone part of the system is affected, the whole system responds. But whatever the explanation of the “transferred” potential may be, the fact is that it is a real occurrence as our results indicate: the human brain is interconnected with ‘other brains with which it bas established deep, strong communication CORRESPONDENCE, Dr. Jacobo Grinberg-Zyiberbaum + Facultad de Psicologia * Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico * Aparado Postal 22-886, Del, Tlalpan, C. P. 14000, Mexico D. F, Mexico * Fax 525 622 23 25. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ‘The suthors wish 0 expres hei gratitude to Jenny Lewis foe her help in writing thin article and to DGAPA, UNAM for partially financing the research through projects Nos. 1N503693 and IN502592. REFERENCES AND NOTES 1. J. Grinberg Zyberbaum, Creation of Experience: The Spreng Theor (lnstcuto Nacional para el Estudio de la Conciencia, Mexico City. 1988). The Surangema Sutra, Translation by Luk'wan (Ya Bil Publications, Bosnbuy, India, 1978). LK. Tain, The Scionce of Yoga (Adyar. Madras, India, 1979). J. Grinberg-Zylberbaum, Educacion para la nucra era. Concencia Planetaria 1, (1990) p. 4. 5. TD. Duane & T. Behrendt, Extrasensory Encephalographie Induction Berween Identical Twins, Science 150 (1965), p. 36 6 -R.Tug & H. E, Putholf, Information Transmission Under Conulitions of Sensory Shielding, Narure 251, 5476 (1974), pp. 602-607. 7. D. Orme-Johaion, M.-C. Dillbeck, RK. Wallace 8 GS. Landkith IL, Inetsubjoct EEG Coherence: Is Consciousness a Field? Iuernational Journal of Neuroxince 16 (1982), pp. sum, Corrlevinos Elecorfiilogicos de la Comunicacion Humana (Doctoral Thesis, Medicine Faculty, UNAM, Mexico City, 1987). 9. RK. Wallace, Physiological Effects of Transcendental Meditation, Seience 167 (1979). pp. 1751-1754, Subsle Energies * Volume 3 + Number 3 © Page 42 hitpslournals. st. calseemjindex phplseenilatcelview1S4/119 182019/22, 1344 POF|s viewer 10. J. Grinberg-Zyiberbaum, Psychophysiological Correlates of Communication, Gravitation and. Unity, Pochormergeric 4 (1982), pp. 227-256. M1. J. Grinberg-Zsberbaum & J. Ramos, Parcerns of Inteshemispheric Corelation Dusing, Hurnan Communication, Jniemanional Journal of Newraience 36, 1-2 (1987), pp. 41-55. 12, A. Einstein, B. Podolky & N. Rosen, Can quantumm-mechanical description of physical realty be considered complete? Physical Review 47 (1935), pp. 777-780. 13, A. Aspect, J. Dalibard & G. Roger, Physical Review Lerert 49 (1982), p. 1804, IS. AL Beier, Conceptos de fica madera (McGraw Hill, Madsid, 1965). Subile Energies + Volume 3 * Number 3 © Page 43 hitps:journals.st.ca/seemjindex php/seoni/atclalviow/154/119 191207072, 13:44 POF|s viewer hitps:journals.st.ca/seemjindex php/seoni/atclalviow/154/119 20120