SRI LANKA INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTER NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Assignment 1 Index no: DEE/10/M8/3274 Name: T. S. De Silva

INTRODUCTION The two sidebands of an AM signal are mirror images of one another. As a result, one of the sidebands is redundant. Using single-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission results in reduced bandwidth and therefore twice as many signals may be transmitted in the same spectrum allotment. Typically, a 3dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is achieved as a result of SSBSC SINGLE SIDEBAND GENERATION

Time domain representation of SSB signals Let m+(t) and m-(t) be the inverse Fourier transforms of M+( ) and M-( ). Because the amplitude spectra |M+( )| and |M-( )| are not even functions of , the signals m+(t) and m-(t) cannot be real. They are complex. It can be proven that m+(t) and m-(t) are conjugates. Moreover, m+(t) + m-(t) = m(t). Hence, m+(t) = *[m(t) + jmh(t)] m-(t) = *[m(t) jmh(t)]

To determine mh(t) note that, M+( ) = M( )u( ) = *M( )[1 + sgn( )] = *M( ) + *M( )sgn( ) Since, m+(t) = *[m(t) + jmh(t)], it follows jmh(t) But 1=1/ t -jsgn( ). Therefore, M( )sgn( ). Hence Mh ) = -jM( )sgn( ).

The right-hand side of this last equation defines the Hilbert transform of m(t).

HILBERT TRANSFORM Hilbert transform is a linear operator which takes a function, u(t), and produces a function, H(u)(t), with the same domain. This is originally defined for periodic functions, or equivalently for functions on the circle, in which case it is given by convolution with the Hilbert kernel. Hilbert Transformation for Signal Processing Narrowband Model The Hilbert Transform of the product of a low-pass and a high-pass signal with non-overlapping spectra is given by the product of the low-pass signal and the Hilbert Transform of the high-pass signal or, H(fLP(t) fHP(t)) = fLP(t)H(fHP(t)) Where fLP and fHP are the low- and high-pass signals respectively. Amplitude modulated signals are modled as the product of a bandlimited message waveform, um(t), and a sinusoidal carrier ; u(t) = um(t).cos( t+ ) When um(t) has no frequency content above the carrier frequency, /2 Hz, then, (t) = H(u)(t) (t) = um(t).sin( t+ ) Or the Hilbert transform may be as simple as a circuit that produces a 90o phase shift at the carrier frequency. (by Bedrosians theorem)

Analytic representation The analytic representation of a signal is defined in terms of the Hilbert Transform; ua(t) = u(t) + i.H(u)(t) For the narrowband model, ua(t) = um(t).cos( t+ ) + i. um(t).sin( t+ ) = um(t)[cos( t+ ) + i.(t).sin( t+ )] = um(t).ei(
t+ )

(by Eulers formula)

[Eq.1]

Phase / frequency modulation The form: u(t) = A.cos( t +

m(t)),

is called Phase or frequency modulation. So, H(u)(t) A.sin( t + ua(t) A.ei(

t+ m(t)) m(t))

and,

Single Sideband Modulation When um(t) in the Eq.1 is also an analytic representation that is; um(t) = m(t) + i.^m(t), the result is Single Sideband modulation: ua(t) = (m(t) + i.^m(t).ei( whose transmitted component is: u(t) = Re{ua(t)} u(t) = m(t). cos( t+ ) - .^m(t). sin( t+ )
t+ )

Mathematical Analysis of Single Side Band (SSB) Modulation using Hilbert Transform

Figure 1: Frequency analysis of SSB signals

From figure 1 and the concept of the Hilbert Transform, gUSB(w) = M+( gUSB(t) = m+(t)ej
ct c)

+ M-( +
ct

c)

+ m-(t)e-j

But from the complex representation of the signals, m+(t) = m(t) + j ^m(t) m-(t) = m(t) - j ^m(t) So, gUSB(t) = m(t) cos( ct) - ^m(t) sin( ct) Similarly, gUSB(t) = m(t) cos( ct) + ^m(t) sin( ct)

Generation of SSB signals A SSB signal is represented by: gsSB(t) = m(t) cos( ct) ^m(t) sin( ct)

As shown in the above figure a DSB-SC modulator is used for SSB signal generation.